@article{barton_vantreeck_duran_schulte_flickinger_2020, title={A falling film bioreactor (FFBR) for generating effective gas-to-liquid mass transfer using wavy laminar flow for continuous microbial gas processing}, volume={219}, ISSN={["1873-4405"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ces.2020.115592}, abstractNote={Efficient recycling of gaseous carbon to chemicals using immobilized microorganisms is possible with reduced water use and power input for gas-liquid (GL) mass transfer using a falling film bioreactor (FFBR). In a FFBR, a wavy laminar liquid film (Re < 200) descends over a cylindrical paper biocatalyst support to (1) provide efficient GL mass transfer without bubbles, (2) provide hydration and nutrients, and (3) remove secreted liquid products. Paper roughness had previously been shown to enhance GL mass transfer. FFBRs (~1 m and ~0.1 m) without cells were constructed as prototypes for continuous bioprocessing of gas and evaluated for mass transfer based on liquid film thickness and O2 kLa. Prototype flow distributors for the FFBR were generated by 3D printing. Average liquid film thicknesses of ~0.080–0.300 mm and O2 kLa values >103 h−1 were achieved. Liquid film thickness was measured by a novel image analysis method using 4K photography.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE}, author={Barton, Ryan R. and VanTreeck, Kelly E. and Duran, Christopher J. and Schulte, Mark J. and Flickinger, Michael C.}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{schulte_robinett_weidle_duran_flickinger_2019, title={Experiments and finite element modeling of hydrodynamics and mass transfer for continuous gas-to-liquid biocatalysis using a biocomposite falling film reactor}, volume={209}, ISSN={["1873-4405"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ces.2019.115163}, abstractNote={We investigated the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of falling liquid films over a rough, hydrophilic paper surface with experiments and finite element modeling. These results are critical for designing a novel gas-to-liquid continuous bioreactor with cells immobilized on the vertical surface of a paper biocomposite. The paper substrate allows investigations at very low Reynolds numbers while maintaining an unbroken liquid film. A finite element model was developed to give 10 fold faster simulation result for designing a prototype laboratory scale bioreactor. Excellent agreement was found in both the film properties and mass transfer performance between experiments and simulations. At Re < 100, mass transfer coefficients kL and kLa were ∼1E-4 m/s and ∼1000 h−1, respectively, at ∼10 W/m3. That power input is 10–1000 fold less than most gas stripping bioreactors. This work highlights the potential of this finite element method for falling film, gas absorbing, bioreactor design and analysis.}, journal={CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE}, author={Schulte, Mark J. and Robinett, Michael and Weidle, Nick and Duran, Christopher J. and Flickinger, Michael C.}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
 @article{flickinger_bernal_schulte_broglie_duran_wallace_mooney_velev_2017, title={Biocoatings: challenges to expanding the functionality of waterborne latex coatings by incorporating concentrated living microorganisms}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1935-3804"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11998-017-9933-6}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH}, author={Flickinger, Michael C. and Bernal, Oscar I. and Schulte, Mark J. and Broglie, Jessica Jenkins and Duran, Christopher J. and Wallace, Adam and Mooney, Charles B. and Velev, Orlin D.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={791–808} }