@article{uehling_schreck iii_2024, title={Observed Changes in Extreme Precipitation Associated with US Tropical Cyclones}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1520-0442"]}, DOI={10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0327.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Numerous recent tropical cyclones have caused extreme rainfall and flooding events in the CONUS. Climate change is contributing to heavier extreme rainfall around the world. Modeling studies have suggested that tropical cyclones may be particularly efficient engines for transferring the additional water vapor in the atmosphere into extreme rainfall. This paper develops a new indicator for climate change using the enhanced rainfall metric to evaluate how the frequency and/or intensity of extreme rainfall around tropical cyclones has changed. The enhanced rainfall metric relates the amount of rain from a storm over a given location to the 5-year return period rainfall in that location to determine the severity of the event. The annual area exposed to tropical cyclone-related 5-year rainfall events is increasing, which makes a compelling climate change indicator. Quantile regression illustrates that the distribution of tropical cyclone rainfall is also changing. For tropical storms, all quantiles are increasing. However, major hurricanes show large increases in their most extreme rainfall. This study does not attempt to make any detection claims (vs. natural variability) or attribution of the observed trends to anthropogenic forcing. However, the sensitivity of the results to natural variability in tropical cyclone frequency was somewhat constrained by comparing two decades from the previous active era (1951–1970) with two from the current era (2001–2020). This comparison also shows that both the mean and maximum rainfall associated with tropical cyclones is increasing over most areas of the eastern CONUS with the most significant increases from northern Alabama to the southern Appalachians.}, number={14}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}, author={Uehling, John and Schreck III, Carl J.}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{schreck iii_vitart_camargo_camp_darlow_elsberry_gottschalck_gregory_hansen_jackson_et al._2023, title={Advances in tropical cyclone prediction on subseasonal time scales during 2019-2022}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2225-6032"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tcrr.2023.06.004}, abstractNote={This review describes advances in understanding and forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) subseasonal variability during the past four years. A large effort by the scientific community has been in understanding the sources of predictability at subseasonal timescales beyond the well-known modulation of TC activity by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). In particular, the strong modulation of TC activity over the western North Pacific by the Boreal Summer Intra-Seasonal Oscillation (BSISO) has been documented. Progress has also been realized in understanding the role of tropical-extratropical interactions in improving subseasonal forecasts. In addition, several recent publications have shown that extratropical wave breaking may have a role in the genesis and development of TCs. Analyses of multi-model ensemble data sets such as the Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) and Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) have shown that the skill of S2S models in predicting the genesis of TCs varies strongly among models and regions but is often tied to their ability to simulate the MJO and its impacts. The skill in select models has led to an increase over the past four years in the number of forecasting centers issuing subseasonal TC forecasts using various techniques (statistical, statistical-dynamical and dynamical). More extensive verification studies have been published over the last four years, but often only for the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific.}, number={2}, journal={TROPICAL CYCLONE RESEARCH AND REVIEW}, author={Schreck III, Carl J. and Vitart, Frederic and Camargo, Suzana J. and Camp, Joanne and Darlow, James and Elsberry, Russell and Gottschalck, Jon and Gregory, Paul and Hansen, Kurt and Jackson, Justyn and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Jun}, pages={136–150} }
 @article{klotzbach_schreck iii_compo_wood_oliver_bowen_bell_2023, title={Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on Continental United States Hurricane Landfalls}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1029/2023GL102762}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Klotzbach, Philip J. and Schreck III, Carl J. J. and Compo, Gilbert P. and Wood, Kimberly M. and Oliver, Eric C. J. and Bowen, Steven G. and Bell, Michael M.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{aiyyer_schreck_2023, title={Surface Wind Speeds and Enthalpy Fluxes During Tropical Cyclone Formation From Easterly Waves: A CYGNSS View}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1029/2022GL100823}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Aiyyer, Anantha and Schreck, Carl}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{diamond_schreck_2023, title={THE TROPICS}, volume={104}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0078.1}, abstractNote={© 2023 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses). Corresponding author: Howard J. Diamond / howard.diamond@noaa.gov}, number={9}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Diamond, H. J. and Schreck, C. J.}, year={2023}, month={Sep}, pages={S207–S270} }
 @article{klotzbach_wood_bell_blake_bowen_caron_collins_gibney_schreck_truchelut_2022, title={A Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season October-November 2020}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Klotzbach, Philip J. and Wood, Kimberly M. and Bell, Michael M. and Blake, Eric S. and Bowen, Steven G. and Caron, Louis-Philippe and Collins, Jennifer M. and Gibney, Ethan J. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Truchelut, Ryan E.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={E110–E128} }
 @article{shi_schreck iii_john_chung_lang_buehler_soden_2022, title={Assessing the consistency of satellite-derived upper tropospheric humidity measurements}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1867-8548"]}, DOI={10.5194/amt-15-6949-2022}, abstractNote={Abstract. Four upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) datasets derived
from satellite sounders are evaluated to assess their consistency as part of the activities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) water vapor assessment project. The datasets include UTH computed from brightness
temperature measurements of the 183.31±1 GHz channel of the Special
Sensor Microwave – Humidity (SSM/T-2), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B
(AMSU-B), and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) and from channel 12 of the
High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS). The four datasets are
generally consistent in the interannual temporal and spatial variability of
the tropics. Large positive anomalies peaked over the central equatorial
Pacific region during El Niño events in the same phase with the increase of sea surface temperature (SST). Conversely, large negative anomalies were obtained during El Niño events when the tropical-domain average is
taken. The weakened ascending branch of the Pacific Walker circulation in
the western Pacific and the enhanced descending branches of the local Hadley circulation along the Pacific subtropics largely contributed to widespread drying areas and thus negative anomalies in the upper troposphere during El Niño events as shown in all four datasets. During a major El Niño event, UTH had higher correlations with the coincident precipitation (0.60 to 0.75) and with 200 hPa velocity potential (−0.42 to −0.64) than with SST (0.37 to 0.49). Due to differences in retrieval definitions and gridding procedures, there can be a difference of 3 %–5 % UTH between datasets on average, and larger magnitudes of anomaly values are usually observed in spatial maps of microwave UTH data. Nevertheless, the tropical-domain averaged anomalies of the datasets are close to each other with their differences being mostly less than 0.5 %, and more importantly the phases of the time series are generally consistent for variability studies.
                    }, number={23}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES}, author={Shi, Lei and Schreck III, Carl J. J. and John, Viju O. and Chung, Eui-Seok and Lang, Theresa and Buehler, Stefan A. and Soden, Brian J.}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={6949–6963} }
 @article{klotzbach_chavas_bell_bowen_gibney_schreck_2022, title={Characterizing Continental US Hurricane Risk: Which Intensity Metric Is Best?}, volume={127}, ISSN={["2169-8996"]}, DOI={10.1029/2022JD037030}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={18}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES}, author={Klotzbach, Philip J. and Chavas, Daniel R. and Bell, Michael M. and Bowen, Steven G. and Gibney, Ethan J. and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{durre_arguez_schreck iii_squires_vose_2022, title={Daily High-Resolution Temperature and Precipitation Fields for the Contiguous United States from 1951 to Present}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1520-0426"]}, DOI={10.1175/JTECH-D-22-0024.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY}, author={Durre, Imke and Arguez, Anthony and Schreck III, Carl J. and Squires, Michael F. and Vose, Russell S.}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={1837–1855} }
 @article{barsugli_easterling_arndt_coates_delworth_hoerling_johnson_kapnick_kumar_kunkel_et al._2022, title={Development of a Rapid Response Capability to Evaluate Causes of Extreme Temperature and Drought Events in the United States}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0237.1}, abstractNote={In January 2021 work began on a NOAA Climate Program Office funded project “that develops and tests a potential rapid event analysis and assessment capability” (NOAA Climate Program Office 2020). This 3.5–yr effort brings together scientists from four NOAA Laboratories/Centers and university scientists at two of NOAA’s Cooperative Institutes. This funded project has two high-level goals: 1) to address outstanding dataset, model, and methodological gaps in explaining extreme events within a changing climate, and 2) to build a prototype rapid event attribution system for temperature-related and drought extremes that could eventually serve routine climate information needs at local, state, and regional levels. The focus on temperature-related extremes derives from the conclusions of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences report that confidence in attribution findings is greatest for this class of extremes (National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine 2016). The project will leverage additional research projects that were funded under the same call that focus on the underlying mechanisms for these types of extreme events. Several climate trends in the United States present challenges for the attribution of temperature-related extremes (Fig. 1). The first is the lack of appreciable Joseph J. Barsugli, David R. Easterling, Derek S. Arndt, David A. Coates, Thomas L. Delworth, Martin P. Hoerling, Nathaniel Johnson, Sarah B. Kapnick, Arun Kumar, Kenneth E. Kunkel,Carl J. Schreck, Russell S. Vose, and Tao Zhang}, number={3}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Barsugli, Joseph J. and Easterling, David R. and Arndt, Derek S. and Coates, David A. and Delworth, Thomas L. and Hoerling, Martin P. and Johnson, Nathaniel and Kapnick, Sarah B. and Kumar, Arun and Kunkel, Kenneth E. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={S14–S20} }
 @article{truchelut_klotzbach_staehling_wood_halperin_schreck_blake_2022, title={Earlier onset of North Atlantic hurricane season with warming oceans}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2041-1723"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-022-31821-3}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Truchelut, Ryan E. and Klotzbach, Philip J. and Staehling, Erica M. and Wood, Kimberly M. and Halperin, Daniel J. and Schreck, Carl J. and Blake, Eric S.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{zhu_collins_klotzbach_schreck_2022, title={Hurricane Ida (2021): Rapid Intensification Followed by Slow Inland Decay}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0240.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Zhu, Yi-Jie and Collins, Jennifer M. and Klotzbach, Philip J. and Schreck, Carl J.}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={E2354–E2369} }
 @article{lawton_majumdar_dotterer_thorncroft_schreck iii_2022, title={The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework}, volume={150}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/MWR-D-21-0321.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Lawton, Quinton A. and Majumdar, Sharanya J. and Dotterer, Krista and Thorncroft, Christopher and Schreck III, Carl J.}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={2055–2072} }
 @article{klotzbach_wood_schreck_bowen_patricola_bell_2022, title={Trends in Global Tropical Cyclone Activity: 1990-2021}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1029/2021GL095774}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Klotzbach, Philip J. and Wood, Kimberly M. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Bowen, Steven G. and Patricola, Christina M. and Bell, Michael M.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{mantripragada_schreck_aiyyer_2021, title={Energetics of Interactions between African Easterly Waves and Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves}, volume={149}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/MWR-D-21-0003.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Mantripragada, Rama Sesha Sridhar and Schreck, C. J., III and Aiyyer, Anantha}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={3821–3835} }
 @article{schreck_2021, title={Global Survey of the MJO and Extreme Precipitation}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1029/2021GL094691}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={19}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{schreck_klotzbach_bell_2021, title={Optimal Climate Normals for the North Atlantic Hurricane Activity}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1029/2021GL092864}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Klotzbach, Philip J. and Bell, Michael M.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{diamond_schreck_2021, title={THE TROPICS}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0080.1}, number={8}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Diamond, H. J. and Schreck, C. J.}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={S199–S261} }
 @article{klotzbach_schreck_compo_bowen_gibney_oliver_bell_2021, title={The Record-Breaking 1933 Atlantic Hurricane Season}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0330.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Klotzbach, Philip J. and Schreck, Carl J. and Compo, Gilbert P. and Bowen, Steven G. and Gibney, Ethan J. and Oliver, Eric C. J. and Bell, Michael M.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={E446–E463} }
 @article{saunders_klotzbach_lea_schreck_bell_2020, title={Quantifying the Probability and Causes of the Surprisingly Active 2018 North Atlantic Hurricane Season}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2333-5084"]}, DOI={10.1029/2019EA000852}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE}, author={Saunders, M. A. and Klotzbach, P. J. and Lea, A. S. R. and Schreck, C. J. and Bell, M. M.}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{schreck_janiga_baxter_2020, title={Sources of Tropical Subseasonal Skill in the CFSv2}, volume={148}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/MWR-D-19-0289.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Janiga, Matthew A. and Baxter, Stephen}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={1553–1565} }
 @article{klotzbach_bell_bowen_gibney_knapp_schreck_2020, title={Surface Pressure a More Skillful Predictor of Normalized Hurricane Damage than Maximum Sustained Wind}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0062.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Klotzbach, Philip J. and Bell, Michael M. and Bowen, Steven G. and Gibney, Ethan J. and Knapp, Kenneth R. and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={E830–E846} }
 @article{mekonnen_schreck_enyew_2020, title={The Impact of Kelvin Wave Activity during Dry and Wet African Summer Rainfall Years}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2073-4433"]}, DOI={10.3390/atmos11060568}, abstractNote={This study highlights the influence of convectively coupled Kelvin wave (KW) activity on deep convection and African easterly waves (AEWs) over North Africa during dry and wet boreal summer rainfall years. Composite analysis based on 25 years of rainfall, satellite observed cold cloud temperature, and reanalysis data sets show that KWs are more frequent and stronger in dry Central African years compared with wet years. Deep convection associated with KWs is slightly more amplified in dry years compared with wet years. Further, KW activity over North Africa strengthens the lower level zonal flow and deepens the zonal moisture flux in dry years compared with wet years. Results also show that enhanced KW convection is in phase with above-average AEW variance in dry years. However, enhanced KW convection is out-of-phase with average AEW activity in wet years. In general, this study suggests that KW passage over Africa enhances convective activity and more strongly modulates the monsoon flow and moisture flux during the dry years than wet years.}, number={6}, journal={ATMOSPHERE}, author={Mekonnen, Ademe and Schreck, Carl J. and Enyew, Bantwale D.}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{worku_mekonnen_schreck_2020, title={The Impact of MJO, Kelvin, and Equatorial Rossby Waves on the Diurnal Cycle over the Maritime Continent}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2073-4433"]}, DOI={10.3390/atmos11070711}, abstractNote={The impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), Kelvin waves, and Equatorial Rossby (ER) waves on the diurnal cycle of rainfall and types of deep convection over the Maritime Continent are investigated using rainfall from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis and Infrared Weather States (IR–WS) data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. In an absolute sense, the MJO produced its strongest modulations of rainfall and organized deep convection over the islands, when and where convection is already strongest. The MJO actually has a greater percentage modulation over the coasts and seas, but it does not affect weaker diurnal cycle there. Isolated deep convection was also more prevalent over land during the suppressed phase, while organized deep convection dominated the enhanced phase, consistent with past work. This study uniquely examined the effects of Kelvin and ER waves on rainfall, convection, and their diurnal cycles over the Maritime Continent. The modulation of convection by Kelvin waves closely mirrored that by the MJO, although the Kelvin wave convection continued farther into the decreasing phase. The signals for ER waves were also similar but less distinct. An improved understanding of how these waves interact with convection could lead to improved subseasonal forecast skill.}, number={7}, journal={ATMOSPHERE}, author={Worku, Lakemariam Y. and Mekonnen, Ademe and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{huang_menne_boyer_freeman_gleason_lawrimore_liu_rennie_schreck_sun_et al._2020, title={Uncertainty Estimates for Sea Surface Temperature and Land Surface Air Temperature in NOAAGlobalTemp Version 5}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1520-0442"]}, DOI={10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0395.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}, author={Huang, Boyin and Menne, Matthew J. and Boyer, Tim and Freeman, Eric and Gleason, Byron E. and Lawrimore, Jay H. and Liu, Chunying and Rennie, J. Jared and Schreck, Carl J., III and Sun, Fengying and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={1351–1379} }
 @article{worku_mekonnen_schreck_2019, title={Diurnal cycle of rainfall and convection over the Maritime Continent using TRMM and ISCCP}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1097-0088"]}, DOI={10.1002/joc.6121}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={13}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}, author={Worku, Lakemariam Y. and Mekonnen, Ademe and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={5191–5200} }
 @article{arguez_inamdar_palecki_schreck_young_2019, title={ENSO Normals: A New US Climate Normals Product Conditioned by ENSO Phase and Intensity and Accounting for Secular Trends}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1558-8432"]}, DOI={10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0252.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, author={Arguez, Anthony and Inamdar, Anand and Palecki, Michael A. and Schreck, Carl J. and Young, Alisa H.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={1381–1397} }
 @article{green_schreck_johnson_heath_2019, title={Education Backgrounds of TV Weathercasters}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0047.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Green, Thomas A., Jr. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Johnson, Nathan S. and Heath, Sonya Stevens}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={581–588} }
 @article{stevens_schreck_saha_bell_kunkel_2019, title={Precipitation and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes: Continental Analysis with High-Resolution Radar Data}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0001.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Stevens, Scott E. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Saha, Shubhayu and Bell, Jesse E. and Kunkel, Kenneth E.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={1453–1462} }
 @article{camargo_camp_elsberry_gregory_klotzbach_schreck_sobel_ventrice_vitart_wang_et al._2019, title={TROPICAL CYCLONE PREDICTION ON SUBSEASONAL TIME-SCALES}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2225-6032"]}, DOI={10.6057/2019TCRR03.04}, number={3}, journal={TROPICAL CYCLONE RESEARCH AND REVIEW}, author={Camargo, Suzana J. and Camp, Joanne and Elsberry, Russell L. and Gregory, Paul A. and Klotzbach, Philip J. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Sobel, Adam H. and Ventrice, Michael J. and Vitart, Frederic and Wang, Zhuo and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={150–165} }
 @article{wood_klotzbach_collins_schreck_2019, title={The Record-Setting 2018 Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1029/2019GL083657}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={16}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Wood, Kimberly M. and Klotzbach, Philip J. and Collins, Jennifer M. and Schreck, Carl J.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={10072–10081} }
 @misc{bell_brown_conlon_herring_kunkel_lawrimore_luber_schreck_smith_uejio_2018, title={Changes in extreme events and the potential impacts on human health}, volume={68}, ISSN={["2162-2906"]}, DOI={10.1080/10962247.2017.1401017}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Extreme weather and climate-related events affect human health by causing death, injury, and illness, as well as having large socioeconomic impacts. Climate change has caused changes in extreme event frequency, intensity, and geographic distribution, and will continue to be a driver for change in the future. Some of these events include heat waves, droughts, wildfires, dust storms, flooding rains, coastal flooding, storm surges, and hurricanes. The pathways connecting extreme events to health outcomes and economic losses can be diverse and complex. The difficulty in predicting these relationships comes from the local societal and environmental factors that affect disease burden. More information is needed about the impacts of climate change on public health and economies to effectively plan for and adapt to climate change. This paper describes some of the ways extreme events are changing and provides examples of the potential impacts on human health and infrastructure. It also identifies key research gaps to be addressed to improve the resilience of public health to extreme events in the future. Implications: Extreme weather and climate events affect human health by causing death, injury, and illness, as well as having large socioeconomic impacts. Climate change has caused changes in extreme event frequency, intensity, and geographic distribution, and will continue to be a driver for change in the future. Some of these events include heat waves, droughts, wildfires, flooding rains, coastal flooding, surges, and hurricanes. The pathways connecting extreme events to health outcomes and economic losses can be diverse and complex. The difficulty in predicting these relationships comes from the local societal and environmental factors that affect disease burden.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION}, author={Bell, Jesse E. and Brown, Claudia Langford and Conlon, Kathryn and Herring, Stephanie and Kunkel, Kenneth E. and Lawrimore, Jay and Luber, George and Schreck, Carl and Smith, Adam and Uejio, Christopher}, year={2018}, pages={265–287} }
 @article{stott_christidis_herring_hoell_kossssin_schreck_2018, title={FUTURE CHALLENGES IN EVENT ATTRIBUTION METHODOLOGIES}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/bams-d-17-0285.1}, abstractNote={© 2018 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).}, number={1}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Stott, Peter A. and Christidis, Nikos and Herring, Stephananie C. and Hoell, Andrew and Kossssin, James P. and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={S155–S157} }
 @article{herring_christidis_hoell_kossssin_schreck_stott_2018, title={INTRODUCTION TO EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2016 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/bams-d-17-0284.1}, abstractNote={© 2018 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).}, number={1}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Herring, Stephanie C. and Christidis, Nikolaos and Hoell, Andrew and Kossssin, James P. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Stott, Peter A.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={S1–S6} }
 @article{semunegus_mekonnen_schreck_2017, title={Characterization of convective systems and their association with African easterly waves}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1097-0088"]}, DOI={10.1002/joc.5085}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={12}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}, author={Semunegus, Hilawe and Mekonnen, Ademe and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={4486–4492} }
 @article{schreck_2016, title={Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis in a Semi-Lagrangian Framework}, volume={144}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-16-0237.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={4131–4139} }
 @article{klotzbach_oliver_leeper_schreck_2016, title={The Relationship between the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and Southeastern New England Snowfall}, volume={144}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-15-0434.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Klotzbach, Philip J. and Oliver, Eric C. J. and Leeper, Ronald D. and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={1355–1362} }
 @article{hennon_knapp_schreck_stevens_kossin_thorne_hennon_kruk_rennie_gadea_et al._2015, title={Cyclone Center: Can Citizen Scientists Improve Tropical Cyclone Intensity Records?}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/bams-d-13-00152.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Hennon, Christopher C. and Knapp, Kenneth R. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Stevens, Scott E. and Kossin, James P. and Thorne, Peter W. and Hennon, Paula A. and Kruk, Michael C. and Rennie, Jared and Gadea, Jean-Maurice and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Apr} }
 @article{schreck_2015, title={Kelvin Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Global Survey}, volume={143}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-15-0111.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={3996–4011} }
 @article{schreck_bennett_cordeira_crouch_dissen_lang_margolin_o'shay_rennie_schneider_et al._2015, title={NATURAL GAS PRICES AND THE EXTREME WINTERS OF 2011/12 AND 2013/14 Causes, Indicators, and Interactions}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1520-0477"]}, DOI={10.1175/bams-d-13-00237.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Bennett, Stephen and Cordeira, Jason M. and Crouch, Jake and Dissen, Jenny and Lang, Andrea L. and Margolin, David and O'Shay, Adam and Rennie, Jared and Schneider, Thomas Ian and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={1879–1894} }
 @article{schreck_knapp_kossin_2014, title={The Impact of Best Track Discrepancies on Global Tropical Cyclone Climatologies using IBTrACS}, volume={142}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-14-00021.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Knapp, Kenneth R. and Kossin, James P.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={3881–3899} }
 @article{ventrice_wheeler_hendon_schreck_thorncroft_kiladis_2013, title={A Modified Multivariate Madden-Julian Oscillation Index Using Velocity Potential}, volume={141}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-12-00327.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Ventrice, Michael J. and Wheeler, Matthew C. and Hendon, Harry H. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Thorncroft, Chris D. and Kiladis, George N.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={4197–4210} }
 @article{shi_schreck_john_2013, title={HIRS channel 12 brightness temperature dataset and its correlations with major climate indices}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1680-7316"]}, DOI={10.5194/acp-13-6907-2013}, abstractNote={Abstract. A new version of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) upper tropospheric water vapor channel (channel 12) brightness temperature dataset is developed using intersatellite calibrated data. In this dataset, only those pixels affected by upper tropospheric clouds are discarded. Compared to the previous version that was based on column-clear-sky data, the new version has much better daily spatial coverage. The HIRS observation patterns are compared to microwave sounder measurements. The differences between the two types of sounders vary with respect to brightness temperature with larger differences for higher (dry) values. Correlations between the HIRS upper tropospheric water vapor channel brightness temperatures and several major climate indices show strong signals during cold seasons. The selected climate indices track climate variation signals covering regions from the tropics to the poles. Qualitatively, moist signals are correlated with troughs and ascending branches of the circulation, while dry signals occur with ridges and descent. These correlations show the potential of using the upper tropospheric water vapor channel brightness temperature dataset together with a suite of many atmospheric variables to monitor regional climate changes and locate global teleconnection patterns.
                    }, number={14}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS}, author={Shi, L. and Schreck, C. J., III and John, V. O.}, year={2013}, pages={6907–6920} }
 @article{schreck_shi_kossin_bates_2013, title={Identifying the MJO, Equatorial Waves, and Their Impacts Using 32 Years of HIRS Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1520-0442"]}, DOI={10.1175/jcli-d-12-00034.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Shi, Lei and Kossin, James P. and Bates, John J.}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={1418–1431} }
 @article{gottschalck_roundy_schreck_vintzileos_zhang_2013, title={Large-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions during the 2011-12 DYNAMO Field Campaign}, volume={141}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-13-00022.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Gottschalck, Jon and Roundy, Paul E. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Vintzileos, Augustin and Zhang, Chidong}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={4173–4196} }
 @article{schreck_cordeira_margolin_2013, title={Which MJO Events Affect North American Temperatures?}, volume={141}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-13-00118.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Cordeira, Jason M. and Margolin, David}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={3840–3850} }
 @article{schreck_molinari_aiyyer_2012, title={A Global View of Equatorial Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis}, volume={140}, ISSN={["0027-0644"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-11-00110.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Molinari, John and Aiyyer, Anantha}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={774–788} }
 @article{ventrice_thorncroft_schreck_2012, title={Impacts of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on Environmental Conditions for Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenesis}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-11-00305.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Ventrice, Michael J. and Thorncroft, Christopher D. and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={2198–2214} }
 @article{aiyyer_mekonnen_schreck_2012, title={Projection of Tropical Cyclones on Wavenumber-Frequency-Filtered Equatorial Waves}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0894-8755"]}, DOI={10.1175/jcli-d-11-00451.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}, author={Aiyyer, Anantha and Mekonnen, Ademe and Schreck, Carl J., III}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={3653–3658} }
 @article{schreck_molinari_mohr_2011, title={Attributing Tropical Cyclogenesis to Equatorial Waves in the Western North Pacific}, volume={68}, ISSN={["0022-4928"]}, DOI={10.1175/2010jas3396.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Molinari, John and Mohr, Karen I.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={195–209} }
 @article{schreck_molinari_2011, title={Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Kelvin Waves and the Madden-Julian Oscillation}, volume={139}, ISSN={["0027-0644"]}, DOI={10.1175/mwr-d-10-05060.1}, abstractNote={ The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) influences tropical cyclone formation around the globe. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves are often embedded within the MJO, but their role in tropical cyclogenesis remains uncertain. This case study identifies the influences of the MJO and a series of Kelvin waves on the formation of two tropical cyclones. }, number={9}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Schreck, Carl J., III and Molinari, John}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={2723–2734} }
 @article{schreck_semazzi_2004, title={Variability of the recent climate of eastern Africa}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1097-0088"]}, DOI={10.1002/joc.1019}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}, author={Schreck, CJ and Semazzi, FHM}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={681–701} }