@article{rice_baird_stikeleather_morrow_meyer_2014, title={Carbon dioxide system for on-farm euthanasia of pigs in small groups}, volume={22}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Swine Health and Production}, author={Rice, M. and Baird, C. and Stikeleather, L. and Morrow, W. E. M. and Meyer, R.}, year={2014}, pages={248–254} }
 @article{meyer_morrow_stikeleather_baird_rice_byrne_halbert_styles_2014, title={Evaluation of carbon dioxide administration for on-site mass depopulation of swine in response to animal health emergencies}, volume={244}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.244.8.924}, abstractNote={apid methods for on-site swine depopulation are re-quired in the event of an animal health emergency in North America. The term animal health emergency, as used in this context, includes a wide range of poten-tial situations such as disease outbreaks, contamination with chemicals (eg, dioxin) or radionuclides (eg, cesi-um-137), and adverse animal welfare conditions creat-ed by transportation restrictions that severely limit feed deliveries and animal movement. As described by the AVMA, mass depopulation refers to methods by which large numbers of animals must be destroyed quickly and efficiently with as much consideration given to the welfare of the animals as practicable, but where the cir -cumstances and tasks facing those performing depopu-lation are understood to be extenuating.}, number={8}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Meyer, Robert E. and Morrow, W. E. Morgan and Stikeleather, Larry F. and Baird, Craig L. and Rice, J. Mark and Byrne, Haleh and Halbert, Burt V. and Styles, Darrel K.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={924–933} }
 @article{meyer_whitley_morrow_stikeleather_baird_rice_halbert_styles_whisnant_2013, title={Effect of physical and inhaled euthanasia methods on hormonal measures of stress in pigs}, volume={21}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Swine Health and Production}, author={Meyer, R. E. and Whitley, J. T. and Morrow, W. E. M. and Stikeleather, L. F. and Baird, C. L. and Rice, J. M. and Halbert, B. V. and Styles, D. K. and Whisnant, C. S.}, year={2013}, pages={261–269} }
 @article{shah_baird_rice_2007, title={Effect of a metabolic stimulant on ammonia volatilization from broiler litter}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/16.2.240}, abstractNote={SUMMARY High NH3 concentrations in broiler and turkey houses can adversely affect bird performance and the environment when exhausted into the atmosphere. Acidifying amendments have been used in poultry houses to reduce NH3 levels, but the acidifiers are caustic and may not be effective for the entire growout of 8 to 9 wk. In this 45-d study, the effect of a metabolic stimulant (biostimulant), Bio-Kat, on exhaust NH3 concentrations from chambers containing broiler litter (supplemented daily with layer manure slurry) was evaluated. Average NH3 concentration in the exhaust air from the chambers containing Bio-Kat-treated litter was reduced by 61% compared with untreated litter. Also, ammoniacal-N concentration in the Bio-Kat-treated litter was double that of untreated litter at the end of the study. The Bio-Kat amendment was most effective during the first 10 to 12 d, and its efficacy decreased over time. Additional work is required to evaluate the more concentrated formulation (for duration of effectiveness and application rate) and identify the proper method of application (i.e., incorporation vs. broadcasting on the surface).}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Shah, S. B. and Baird, C. L. and Rice, J. M.}, year={2007}, pages={240–247} }
 @article{vanotti_rice_ellison_hunt_humenik_baird_2005, title={Solid-liquid separation of swine manure with polymer treatment and sand filtration}, volume={48}, DOI={10.13031/2013.19190}, abstractNote={Small particles typical of liquid swine manure often clog sand filter beds and fine filters. We evaluated the effectiveness 
of polymer flocculants to improve drainage and filtration performance of sand filter beds by increasing the particle 
size of manure. A pilot separation unit was evaluated at the Swine Unit of the NCSU Lake Wheeler Road Laboratory in Raleigh, 
North Carolina, in 40 consecutive cycles during a 20-month period. The unit consisted of a homogenization tank that 
mixed the flushed swine manure, an in-line polymer mixer, and two sand filter beds (29.7 m2) designed to receive 30.5 cm (1 ft) 
depth of the polymer-treated effluent. Flocculation treatment using polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer improved drainage 
characteristics of the sand filter by preventing clogging and surface sealing. The combination of flocculation and filtration 
treatment removed 97% of total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS), 85% of biochemical oxygen 
demand (BOD5), and 83% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the flushed manure. Along with the solids, treatment 
resulted in capture of 61% total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and 72% total phosphorus (TP). Most of the nutrients removed in 
the solids were organic forms. Drying time to produce removable cakes varied significantly with the loading rate of solids 
applied to the sand filter bed. A load of <2 kg TSS m-2 per drying cycle allowed completion of the drying cycle in about 8 days, 
which is desirable to reduce potential fly problems. Our results indicate that PAM flocculation enhances performance of 
dewatering sand filter beds for swine manure applications.}, number={4}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Vanotti, M. B. and Rice, J. M. and Ellison, A. Q. and Hunt, P. G. and Humenik, F. J. and Baird, C. L.}, year={2005}, pages={1567–1574} }