Cassandra L. Workman

Works (15)

Updated: January 23rd, 2026 08:00

2026 article

Associations between Water Supply Interruptions and Water Use, Drinking Water Quality, Child Health, and Caregiver Stress in Peri-Urban Malawi

Niven, C. G., Clark, B., Floess, E., Chirwa, B., Matekenya, M., Budden, E., … Ercumen, A. (2026, January 15). Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 1.

By: C. Niven n , B. Clark n, E. Floess n, B. Chirwa*, M. Matekenya*, E. Budden n, S. Cadono*, J. Chavula* ...

topics (OpenAlex): Child Nutrition and Water Access; Global Maternal and Child Health; Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 17, 2026

2021 article

Food, water, and sanitation insecurities: Complex linkages and implications for achieving WASH security

Workman, C. L., Stoler, J., Harris, A., Ercumen, A., Kearns, J., & Mapunda, K. M. (2021, September 10). Global Public Health, Vol. 9.

By: C. Workman* , J. Stoler *, A. Harris n , A. Ercumen n , J. Kearns*  & K. Mapunda*

MeSH headings : Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Sanitation; Water; Hygiene; Water Supply; Water Quality
topics (OpenAlex): Child Nutrition and Water Access; Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare; Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
TL;DR: The complexity of combined resource insecurities is outlined as a step towards transformative WASH security—one that addresses myriad transmission pathways and co-occurring diseases—that ultimately would improve health outcomes throughout the world. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
14. Life Below Water (Web of Science)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 11, 2021

2021 article

Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Approaches: Anthropological Contributions and Future Directions for Engineering

Workman, C. L., Cairns, M. R., Reyes, F. L., & Verbyla, M. E. (2021, May 1). Environmental Engineering Science, Vol. 5.

By: C. Workman* , M. Cairns*, F. Reyes n  & M. Verbyla *

Contributors: C. Workman* , M. Cairns*, F. Reyes n  & M. Verbyla *

author keywords: appropriate solutions; interdisciplinary; sustainable development; transdisciplinary
topics (OpenAlex): Child Nutrition and Water Access; Water Governance and Infrastructure
TL;DR: Six major themes are identified that, if applied in future engineering approaches, will more equitably integrate stakeholders and multiple vantage points in the successful implementation of WASH projects for marginalized and diverse groups. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: June 10, 2021

2021 article

Syndemics and global health

Workman, C. L. (2021, December 23). Nature Human Behaviour.

By: C. Workman* 

MeSH headings : Global Health; Humans; Syndemic
topics (OpenAlex): Health disparities and outcomes; HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses; Employment and Welfare Studies
TL;DR: A new study uses a mixed-methods approach to examine how stress interacts with multiple diseases to affect quality of life in Soweto, South Africa. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: December 24, 2021

2019 journal article

Development and validation protocol for an instrument to measure household water insecurity across cultures and ecologies: the Household Water InSecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale

BMJ Open, 9(1), e023558.

By: S. Young *, S. Collins*, G. Boateng *, T. Neilands *, Z. Jamaluddine *, J. Miller *, A. Brewis *, E. Frongillo * ...

MeSH headings : Delphi Technique; Drinking Water / standards; Global Health; Humans; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Validation Studies as Topic; Water Supply / standards
topics (OpenAlex): Child Nutrition and Water Access; Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations; Environmental Education and Sustainability
TL;DR: The HWISE Scale is developed to measure household-level water insecurity in multiple contexts across varying cultural and ecological settings and will draw on analytic methods from both classical test and item response theories and include item reduction and factor structure identification. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 2, 2019

2019 journal article

Ebbs and Flows of Authority: Decentralization, Development and the Hydrosocial Cycle in Lesotho

Water, 11(2), 184.

By: C. Workman n 

Contributors: C. Workman n 

author keywords: international development; decentralization; political ecology; integrated water resource management (IWRM); Lesotho; Africa
topics (OpenAlex): Water Governance and Infrastructure; Water resources management and optimization; Socioeconomic Development in Asia; Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
14. Life Below Water (Web of Science)
15. Life on Land (Web of Science)
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 5, 2019

2019 article

Perceptions of drinking water cleanliness and health-seeking behaviours: A qualitative assessment of household water safety in Lesotho, Africa

Workman, C. L. (2019, January 18). Global Public Health, Vol. 1, pp. 1–13.

By: C. Workman n 

Contributors: C. Workman n 

author keywords: Household water safety; household water treatment; point-of-use water safety; qualitative methods; Lesotho; Africa
MeSH headings : Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Drinking Water / standards; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Lesotho; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Qualitative Research; Water Microbiology; Water Supply / standards
topics (OpenAlex): Child Nutrition and Water Access; Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations; Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
TL;DR: Qualitative interviews conducted in the Maseru District of Lesotho addressed how people decided if their water was safe, their understanding of the linkage between water and enteric illness, and health-seeking behaviour and often conflicting findings about the effectiveness of HWT are revealed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: ORCID
Added: February 5, 2019

2019 journal article

Water sharing, reciprocity, and need: A comparative study of interhousehold water transfers in sub-Saharan Africa

Economic Anthropology, 1.

By: A. Brewis *, A. Rosinger *, A. Wutich *, E. Adams *, L. Cronk *, A. Pearson *, C. Workman n , S. Young *

author keywords: Water; Water Insecurity; Household Economics; Sharing; Transfers; Reciprocity; Africa
topics (OpenAlex): Child Nutrition and Water Access; Water resources management and optimization; Water Governance and Infrastructure
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
14. Life Below Water (Web of Science)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 2, 2019

2018 journal article

Household water sharing: A review of water gifts, exchanges, and transfers across cultures

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 5(6), e1309.

By: A. Wutich *, J. Budds *, W. Jepson *, L. Harris *, E. Adams *, A. Brewis *, L. Cronk *, C. DeMyers * ...

author keywords: exchange; gift; household; reciprocity; sharing
topics (OpenAlex): Water Governance and Infrastructure; Child Nutrition and Water Access; Anthropological Studies and Insights
TL;DR: This paper examines water sharing between households as a culturally-embedded practice that may be both need-based and symbolically meaningful and identifies five new directions for future research on water sharing. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 2, 2019

2017 article

Gender mainstreaming and water development projects: analyzing unexpected enviro-social impacts in Bolivia, India, and Lesotho

Cairns, M. R., Workman, C. L., & Tandon, I. (2017, March 4). Gender Place & Culture, Vol. 24, pp. 325–342.

By: M. Cairns*, C. Workman*  & I. Tandon *

Contributors: M. Cairns*, C. Workman*  & I. Tandon *

author keywords: Women; water supply; equity and inclusion; NGOs; development
topics (OpenAlex): Water Governance and Infrastructure; Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact; Water resources management and optimization; Child Nutrition and Water Access
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 5, 2019

2017 article

Water insecurity in a syndemic context: Understanding the psycho-emotional stress of water insecurity in Lesotho, Africa

Workman, C. L., & Ureksoy, H. (2017, February 22). Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 179, pp. 52–60.

By: C. Workman*  & H. Ureksoy*

Contributors: C. Workman*  & H. Ureksoy*

author keywords: Water insecurity; Food insecurity; Lesotho; Syndemic theory
MeSH headings : Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / epidemiology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / psychology; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agriculture; Anxiety / epidemiology; Depression / epidemiology; Drinking Water; Female; Food Supply; HIV Infections / epidemiology; HIV Infections / psychology; Humans; Hygiene; Interviews as Topic; Lesotho; Male; Middle Aged; Poverty / psychology; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress, Psychological / epidemiology; Stress, Psychological / psychology; Water Supply; Young Adult
topics (OpenAlex): Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations; Homelessness and Social Issues; Child Nutrition and Water Access
TL;DR: Qualitative and quantitative data show that water insecurity, food insecurity and changing household demographics, likely resulting from the HIV/AIDS epidemic, are all associated with increased anxiety and depression, and support the conclusion that water insecure is a critical syndemic dimension in Lesotho. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: February 5, 2019

2016 journal article

Food Insecurity, Water Insecurity, and HIV/AIDS Syndemic in Lesotho: Monitoring and Evaluating a “Perfect Storm.”

Practicing Anthropology, 38(4), 55–58.

By: C. Workman 

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: February 28, 2019

2010 chapter

Making the Transition: The Two-to Four-Year Institution Transfer Experience

In Becoming an Engineer in Public Universities (pp. 147–171).

By: C. Whaler*  & J. Miller

topics (OpenAlex): Higher Education Research Studies; Career Development and Diversity; Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 2, 2019

2010 chapter

Producing STEM Graduates in Florida: Understanding the Florida Context

In Becoming an Engineer in Public Universities (pp. 21–51).

By: B. Cotner, C. Whaler*  & W. Tyson

topics (OpenAlex): Career Development and Diversity; Engineering Education and Curriculum Development
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 2, 2019

2010 chapter

Voices from the Field: Strategies for Enhancing Engineering Programs

In Becoming an Engineer in Public Universities (pp. 173–190).

By: K. Borman, W. Tyson & C. Whaler* 

topics (OpenAlex): Engineering Education and Pedagogy; Engineering Education and Curriculum Development; Career Development and Diversity
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
1. No Poverty (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 2, 2019

Employment

Updated: July 25th, 2019 12:23

2019 - present

University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro, NC, US
Assistant Professor Anthropology

2018 - 2019

North Carolina State University Raleigh, US
Lecturer Sociology and Anthropology

Education

Updated: February 5th, 2019 13:36

2003 - 2013

University of South Florida Tampa, FL, US
Ph.D. Anthropology

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