@article{govindaraju_hayter_chong_del pozo-valdivia_cottrell_walgenbach_scheyer_blaauw_reding_ranger_et al._2024, title={Influence of the Ethanol Lure and Concentration on Captures of Ambrosia Beetles in Tree Fruits and Ornamentals}, ISSN={["1439-0418"]}, DOI={10.1111/jen.13361}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are major ambrosia beetle pests in tree nut and fruit orchards and ornamental nurseries in the eastern United States (USA). Ethanol‐baited bottle traps and ethanol‐infused tree stem sections (i.e., bolts) have been used to monitor ambrosia beetles, but limited studies exist on the influence of ethanol‐lure release rate on ambrosia beetle trap captures and bolt attacks. We designed this study to compare low‐release (LR) and high‐release (HR) ethanol lures in bottle traps for capturing invasive ambrosia beetles. We also compared beetle attacks among bolts pre‐soaked in ethanol solutions of low (10%) and high (90%) concentrations and bolts cored and filled with the same low and high ethanol concentrations. In 2022, experiments were conducted in ornamental nurseries and apple, peach, or pecan orchards in five USA states. Higher numbers of X. crassiusculus and X. germanus were captured in bottle traps baited with the HR ethanol lure compared to the LR lure at most of the study sites. More attacks per bolt by X. crassiusculus and X. germanus were observed at most sites on pre‐soaked and filled bolts with 90% compared to 10% solutions of ethanol. Bolts soaked in low (10%) ethanol solutions sustained more attacks from both X. crassiusculus and X. germanus than cored bolts filled with low ethanol. These results will assist with monitoring the flight activity of invasive ambrosia beetles within nut, fruit, and ornamental tree crops.}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Govindaraju, Ramkumar and Hayter, Jensen and Chong, Juang Horng and Del Pozo-Valdivia, Alejandro I. and Cottrell, Ted E. and Walgenbach, James F. and Scheyer, Thomas W. and Blaauw, Brett R. and Reding, Michael E. and Ranger, Christopher M. and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Oct} }
 @article{ranger_parajuli_gresham_barnett_villani_walgenbach_baysal-gurel_owen jr_reding_2023, title={Type and duration of water stress influence host selection and colonization by exotic ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2673-8600"]}, DOI={10.3389/finsc.2023.1219951}, abstractNote={Fungus-farming ambrosia beetles in the tribe Xyleborini tunnel into plants and trees to establish chambers for cultivating their nutritional fungal mutualists and rearing offspring. Some xyleborine ambrosia beetles preferentially infest and perform better in living but weakened trees. Flood stress predisposes horticultural tree crops to infestation, but the impact of drought stress has not been well studied. Our objectives were to compare the effects of flood stress vs. drought stress on host selection and colonization by xyleborine ambrosia beetles and to assess the duration of flooding. Container-grown Cornus florida L. trees were flood stressed using a pot-in-pot system to submerge the roots in water while drought-stressed conditions were imposed by withholding irrigation and precipitation. When experimental trees were held under field conditions for 14 days, 7.5 × more ambrosia beetles landed on stems of the flood-stressed than on the drought-stressed trees. During two additional experiments over 14 and 22 days, ambrosia beetles tunneled into the flood-stressed trees but not the drought-stressed or standard irrigation trees. By simultaneously deploying trees that were flood stressed for varying lengths of time, it was found that more tunnel entrances, and xyleborine adults and offspring were recovered from trees that were flooded for 1–16 days and 7–22 days than from trees that were flooded for 14–29 days and 28–43 days. These results indicate that acute and severe drought stress does not predispose C. florida to infestation, but flood stress and the duration of flooding influence ambrosia beetle host selection and colonization. Understanding the role of host quality on ambrosia beetle preference behavior will assist with predicting the risk of infestation of these opportunistic insects in horticultural tree crops.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE}, author={Ranger, Christopher M. and Parajuli, Madhav and Gresham, Sean and Barnett, Jenny and Villani, Sara and Walgenbach, James and Baysal-Gurel, Fulya and Owen Jr, James S. and Reding, Michael E.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }