@article{lee_kullman_yost_meyer_worley-davis_williams_reckhow_2018, title={Predicting characteristics of rainfall driven estrogen runoff and transport from swine AFO spray fields (vol 532, pg 571, 2015)}, volume={628-629}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.141}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Lee, Boknam and Kullman, Seth W. and Yost, Erin E. and Meyer, Michael T. and Worley-Davis, Lynn and Williams, C. Michael and Reckhow, Kenneth H.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={1460–1460} }
 @article{payne_li_santos_williams_sheldon_2011, title={Survey of Salmonella populations from swine waste-treatment technologies}, volume={19}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Swine Health and Production}, author={Payne, J. B. and Li, X. and Santos, F. B. O. and Williams, M. and Sheldon, B. W.}, year={2011}, pages={100–106} }
 @article{ko_simmons iii_likirdopulos_worley-davis_williams_sobsey_2008, title={Investigation of Bioaerosols Released from Swine Farms using Conventional and Alternative Waste Treatment and Management Technologies}, volume={42}, ISSN={0013-936X 1520-5851}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es801091t}, DOI={10.1021/es801091t}, abstractNote={Microbial air pollution from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) has raised concerns about potential public health and environmental impacts. We investigated the levels of bioaerosols released from two swine farms using conventional lagoon-sprayfield technology and ten farms using alternative waste treatment and management technologies in the United States. In total, 424 microbial air samples taken at the 12 CAFOs were analyzed for several indicator and pathogenic microorganisms, including culturable bacteria and fungi, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, bacteriophage, and Salmonella. At all of the investigated farms, bacterial concentrations at the downwind boundary were higher than those at the upwind boundary, suggesting that the farms are sources of microbial air contamination. In addition, fecal indicator microorganisms were found more frequently near barns and treatmenttechnology sites than upwind or downwind of the farms. Approximately 4.5% (19/424), 1.2% (5/424), 22.2% (94/424), and 12.3% (53/424) of samples were positive for fecal coliform, E. coli, Clostridium, and total coliphage, respectively. Based on statistical comparison of airborne fecal indicator concentrations at alternative treatment technology farms compared to control farms with conventional technology, three alternative waste treatment technologies appear to perform better at reducing the airborne release of fecal indicator microorganisms during on-farm treatment and management processes. These results demonstrate that airborne microbial contaminants are released from swine farms and pose possible exposure risks to farm workers and nearby neighbors. However, the release of airborne microorganisms appears to decrease significantly through the use of certain alternative waste management and treatment technologies.}, number={23}, journal={Environmental Science & Technology}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ko, GwangPyo and Simmons III, Otto D. and Likirdopulos, Christina A. and Worley-Davis, Lynn and Williams, Mike and Sobsey, Mark D.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={8849–8857} }
 @article{costantini_azevedo_li_williams_michel_saif_2007, title={Effects of different animal waste treatment technologies on detection and viability of porcine enteric viruses}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0099-2240"]}, DOI={10.1128/AEM.00553-07}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTEnteric pathogens in animal waste that is not properly processed can contaminate the environment and food. The persistence of pathogens in animal waste depends upon the waste treatment technology, but little is known about persistence of porcine viruses. Our objectives were to characterize the porcine enteric viruses (porcine noroviruses [PoNoVs], porcine sapoviruses [PoSaVs], rotavirus A [RV-A], RV-B, and RV-C) in fresh feces or manure and to evaluate the effects of different candidate environmentally superior technologies (ESTs) for animal waste treatment on the detection of these viruses. Untreated manure and samples collected at different stages during and after treatment were obtained from swine farms that used conventional waste management (CWM) and five different candidate ESTs. The RNA from porcine enteric viruses was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and/or seminested PCR; PoSaV and RV-A were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell culture immunofluorescence (CCIF) and experimental inoculation of gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs were used to determine RV-A/C infectivity in posttreatment samples. The PoSaV and RV-A were detected in pretreatment samples from each farm, whereas PoNoV and RV-C were detected in pretreatment feces from three of five and four of five farms using the candidate ESTs, respectively. After treatment, PoSaV RNA was detected only in the samples from the farm using CWM and not from the farms using the candidate ESTs. RV-A and RV-C RNAs were detected in four of five and three of four candidate ESTs, respectively, after treatment, but infectious particles were not detected by CCIF, nor were clinical signs or seroconversion detected in inoculated Gn pigs. These results indicate that only RV-A/C RNA, but no viral infectivity, was detected after treatment. Our findings address a public health concern regarding environmental quality surrounding swine production units.}, number={16}, journal={APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Costantini, Veronica P. and Azevedo, Ana C. and Li, Xin and Williams, Mike C. and Michel, Frederick C., Jr. and Saif, Linda J.}, year={2007}, month={Aug}, pages={5284–5291} }