@article{gee_hunt_peacock_woodward_arellano_2020, title={Using Irrigation to Increase Stormwater Mitigation Potential of Rainwater Harvesting Systems}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2379-6111"]}, DOI={10.1061/JSWBAY.0000913}, abstractNote={AbstractRainwater harvesting (RWH) systems used for irrigation often provide fewer stormwater management benefits than systems used for year-round, nondiscretionary purposes because there is dimini...}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE WATER IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT}, author={Gee, K. D. and Hunt, W. F. and Peacock, C. H. and Woodward, M. D. and Arellano, C.}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{schwartz_zhang_kenworthy_miller_peacock_sladek_christensen_2018, title={Nitrogen Rate and Mowing Height Affect Seasonal Performance of Zoysiagrass Cultivars}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2018.01.0006}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Nitrogen rate had a greater impact on turfgrass quality of zoysiagrass when the grass was actively growing, but the effect of mowing height was only significant during spring green‐up.
Nitrogen rate of 171 kg ha−1 was suitable for consistent turf performance in zoysiagrass and the effect of increasing N rate from 171 to 268 kg per ha was minimal.
Japanese lawngrass and manilagrass can be successfully maintained at 2.5 or 5.0 cm and 0.6 or 1.2 cm, respectively, for equivalent performance during the majority of the year; however, during spring green‐up, the lower mowing height may deliver better turf performance.
As new zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) cultivars are released, field studies on N responses and mowing heights conducted over several years under different environments are needed to determine best management practices. This study was initiated to (i) characterize a general response (color, density, turf quality) to N fertilization rate, mowing height, and their interactions among zoysiagrass cultivars; and (ii) establish appropriate mowing height and N rate recommendations for each of the cultivars studied. Four Japanese lawngrass cultivars (Z. japonica Steud.) and four manilagrass cultivars (Z. matrella L. Merr.) were evaluated in Citra, FL, for 4 yr and in Raleigh, NC, for 2 yr under three N rates (73, 171, and 268 kg ha−1 yr−1) and two mowing heights (2.5 and 5.0 cm for Japanese lawngrass; 0.6 and 1.2 cm for manilagrass). Genetic differences were evident among the zoysiagrass cultivars. Nitrogen rate had a greater impact on most of the observed characteristics when the grass was actively growing, but the effect of mowing height was only significant during spring green‐up. The medium N rate was suitable for consistent turf performance throughout the year and the effect of increasing N rate from 171 kg ha−1 to 268 kg ha−1 was minimal. Japanese lawngrass and manilagrass can be successfully maintained at 2.5 or 5.0 cm and 0.6 or 1.2 cm, respectively, for equivalent performance during the majority of the year. However, during spring green‐up, the lower mowing height may deliver better turf performance.}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Schwartz, Brian and Zhang, Jing and Kenworthy, Kevin and Miller, Grady and Peacock, Charles and Sladek, Bradley and Christensen, Christian}, year={2018}, pages={2114–2123} }
 @article{wilkerson_buol_yang_peacock_mccready_steinke_chalmers_2015, title={Modeling Response of Warm-Season Turfgrass to Drought and Irrigation}, volume={107}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj14.0311}, abstractNote={When droughts occur, restrictions on outdoor water use are a frequently used tactic for reducing demand but are not always as effective as desired and can have negative impacts on homeowners and businesses. Our objective was to develop a simulation model for use in comparing irrigation strategies in terms of water usage and changes in turfgrass quality under varying levels of water restriction. Based on data from several experiments, we have developed a model for St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] that calculates a turfgrass drought index and a turfgrass quality index (TQI) on a daily basis. Turfgrass water demand is modeled as a function of TQI and reference evapotranspiration. Actual turf water uptake depends on plant‐available soil water as well as plant demand. Available soil water in the root zone is divided into two pools: an easily available pool and a less readily available pool. Turfgrass quality can increase when there is no drought stress and decline whenever drought stress exceeds a cultivar‐specific threshold. We used the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method to estimate five genetic coefficients for two cultivars of each species. The model was highly successful in predicting the observed values of TQI. Except for a few sample dates, simulated TQI was within the 95% confidence interval of the mean observed TQI. The model appears to respond accurately to both drought and irrigation and to capture species and cultivar differences in drought tolerance.}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Wilkerson, Gail G. and Buol, Gregory S. and Yang, Zhengyu and Peacock, Charles and McCready, Mary S. and Steinke, Kurt and Chalmers, David}, year={2015}, pages={515–523} }
 @article{briscoe_miller_brinton_bowman_peacock_2012, title={Evaluation of 'Miniverde' bermudagrass and 'Diamond' zoysiagrass putting green establishment using granular Fertilizer Applications}, volume={47}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, author={Briscoe, K. and Miller, G. and Brinton, S. and Bowman, D. and Peacock, C.}, year={2012}, pages={943–947} }
 @article{hinton_livingston_miller_peacock_tuong_2012, title={Freeze tolerance of nine zoysiagrass cultivars using natural cold acclimation and freeze chambers}, volume={47}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Hinton, J. D. and Livingston, D. P. and Miller, G. L. and Peacock, C. H. and Tuong, T.}, year={2012}, pages={112–115} }
 @article{lee_peacock_2005, title={Evaluation of the effect of natural organic sources on nitrogen release and turfgrass quality}, volume={10}, journal={International Turfgrass Society Research Journal}, author={Lee, D. J. and Peacock, C. H.}, year={2005}, pages={956} }
 @article{peacock_flanagan_dunn_2005, title={Nematode population dynamics and nematicide efficacy on bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers}, volume={10}, journal={International Turfgrass Society Research Journal}, author={Peacock, C. H. and Flanagan, M. S. and Dunn, R. A.}, year={2005}, pages={746} }
 @article{bruneau_peacock_cooper_erickson_2004, title={Cynodon spp. management programs for the upper transition zone in the Southeastern United States}, ISBN={["90-6605-306-2"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.661.75}, number={661}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE SPORTS FIELDS}, author={Bruneau, AH and Peacock, CH and Cooper, RJ and Erickson, EJ}, year={2004}, pages={551–557} }
 @article{peacock_lee_reynolds_gregg_cooper_bruneau_2004, title={Effects of salinity on six bermudagrass turf cultivars}, ISBN={["90-6605-306-2"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.661.24}, number={661}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE SPORTS FIELDS}, author={Peacock, CH and Lee, DJ and Reynolds, WC and Gregg, JP and Cooper, RJ and Bruneau, AH}, year={2004}, pages={193–197} }
 @article{lee_bowman_cassel_peacock_rufty_2003, title={Soil inorganic nitrogen under fertilized bermudagrass turf}, volume={43}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.2470}, abstractNote={Managed turfgrass acreage in the southeastern USA is steadily increasing. There is public concern that fertilization of turfgrass systems, particularly additions of N on golf courses, might be adversely affecting groundwater quality due to nitrate leaching. This study was conducted to measure soil nitrate levels in situ under continuously managed bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and to evaluate influences from fertilization and mineralization. Two experimental sites were established on 50‐ and 75‐yr‐old golf course fairways in the Neuse and Cape Fear River basins in eastern North Carolina. Soil sampling was done seasonally. Results indicate that nitrate‐N levels were consistently low (1 to 4 mg kg−1 soil) and similar to adjacent natural areas throughout the 120‐cm sampling depths during the 2‐yr experiment at both sites. Levels were relatively uniform with depth and across several landscape positions. The soil nitrate levels under fertilized fairways were similar to those in adjacent nonfertilized natural areas, indicating minimal influence from turf management practices. From laboratory mineralization studies and soil temperature data, it was estimated that 60 to 154 kg N ha−1 would be released from organic N pools during the bermudagrass growing season (May to October). Because of similar temperature responses, it appeared that N release from mineralization would be synchronized with bermudagrass growth. Substantial bermudagrass growth in nonfertilized plots provided direct evidence that mineralization was a significant contributor to turf nutrition. There was no evidence that N fertilization or the ecology of the bermudagrass system posed inherent risks to water quality and the environment.}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Lee, D. J. and Bowman, D. C. and Cassel, D. K. and Peacock, C. H. and Rufty, T. W.}, year={2003}, pages={247–257} }
 @article{hartwiger_peacock_dipaola_cassel_2001, title={Impact of light-weight rolling on putting green performance}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2001.4141179x}, abstractNote={The introduction of light‐weight rollers has contributed to the reconsideration of the practice of rolling golf putting greens. Studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to determine the effects of rolling on soil bulk density, putting green speed, turf quality, root mass, and thatch mass. Experimental ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting greens built on a United States Golf Association (USGA) specification root zone and on a Cecil gravelly sandy loam (Typic Hapludult clayey, kaolinitic, thermic) (native soil) root zone were mowed daily and subjected to four rates of rolling (0, 1, 4, or 7 times per week) with a light‐weight roller for a 10‐wk period. Soil bulk density did not change for any rolling frequency on the USGA green. Rolling rates of four and seven times per week increased bulk density on the native soil green by 4 and 3% in the first year while no changes were detected in the second year. Turf quality was diminished for rolling rates of four and seven times per week. Ball roll increased as the rate of rolling increased. Rolling rate did not alter root mass. Thatch levels were not affected by rolling frequency on the USGA green. On the native soil green, four and seven rolling treatments per week resulted in thatch levels 12 and 11% higher than the control. Rolling once per week appears to offer increased green speed without any deleterious turf effects.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Hartwiger, CE and Peacock, CH and DiPaola, JM and Cassel, DK}, year={2001}, pages={1179–1184} }
 @article{peacock_2001, title={Irrigation requirements for turf establishment under supraoptimal temperature conditions}, volume={9}, journal={International Turfgrass Society Research Journal}, author={Peacock, C. H.}, year={2001}, pages={900} }
 @article{peacock_2001, title={Response of 'Tifway' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) to N:S:K ratios}, volume={9}, journal={International Turfgrass Society Research Journal}, author={Peacock, C. H.}, year={2001}, pages={416} }
 @article{lee_wollum_bowman_peacock_rufty_2001, title={Temperature effects on nitrogen mineralization in bermudagrass turf}, volume={9}, journal={International Turfgrass Society Research Journal}, author={Lee, D. J. and Wollum, A. G. and Bowman, D. C. and Peacock, C. H. and Rufty, T. W., Jr.}, year={2001}, pages={394} }
 @article{peacock_bruneau_dipaola_1997, title={Response of the Cynodon cultivar 'Tifgreen' to potassium fertilisation}, volume={8}, journal={International Turfgrass Society Research Journal}, author={Peacock, C. H. and Bruneau, A. H. and Dipaola, J. M.}, year={1997}, pages={1308} }
 @article{peacock_dudeck_wildmon_1993, title={Growth and mineral content of St. Augustinegrass cultivars in response to salinity}, volume={118}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peacock, C. H. and Dudeck, A. E. and Wildmon, J. C.}, year={1993}, pages={464} }
 @article{peacock_dipaola_1992, title={BERMUDAGRASS RESPONSE TO REACTIVE LAYER COATED FERTILIZERS}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400060007x}, abstractNote={AbstractRecent polymer chemistry research has introduced a material manufactured by a reactive layer coating (RLC) process which shows promise for minimizing N loss through leaching. Laboratory studies have shown that RLC coated ureas were successful at slowing N release and have potential as slow‐release N fertilizers for turf. This field study compared ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. ✕ C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davey) response to RLC ureas having different coating weights (thicknesses) with other conventional N carriers. Bermudagrass turf quality (1 – 9 scale, 9 = best) and shoot growth response observations were made over a 10‐wk period to determine if various coating thicknesses would allow adequate N release to provide a response equivalent to other N sources. Best turf quality (7.4) for the 2‐yr study was for RLC carriers that combined slow and intermediate release rate RLC ureas (12.5% or 10.8% coating + 7.2% coating) with urea. Overall turf quality was lowest (6.5) in 1987 for the RLC with the slowest release rate, a 12.5% coating (10 g N m−2), 9.9% RLC coating + urea (10 g N m−2), and urea (5 g N m−2). In 1988 the RLC with the slowest release had a 10.8% coating (10 g N m−2). Shoot growth rate in 1987 was greatest (11.9 mm wk−1) for the RLC material with a 7.2% coating at 10 g N m−2 and lowest for the RLC 12.5% coating (5.3 mm wk−1). By comparison, urea applied at 5 g N m−2 resulted in intermediate turf growth (9.4 mm wk−1). In 1988, shoot growth rate was greatest for the 10.8% RLC + 7.2% RLC + urea combination material applied at 10 g N m−2. Equivalent growth was noted for the urea + 9.9% RLC (5g n m−2) and sulfur coated urea (10 g N m−2) materials. Use of slow release RLC N carriers as turf fertilizers showed promise as a combination material with urea.}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={PEACOCK, CH and DIPAOLA, JM}, year={1992}, pages={946–950} }
 @article{peacock_dipaola_1992, title={TURF RESPONSE TO TRIAZINE CARRIERS AS INFLUENCED BY PSEUDOMONAS INOCULANT}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400040008x}, abstractNote={AbstractTriazines have potential for use as slow‐release N fertilizers. Their degradation by microbial activity and subsequent N mineralization rate is reduced in less microbially active soils. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Pseudomonas inoculant on the efficacy of triazine fertilizers. Turf response to ammeline (4,5‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐one) and melamine (1,3,4‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triamine) inoculated with a 1, 5, or 10% Pseudomonas sp. bacterial culture was investigated on ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. ✕ C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy) and compared to IBDU (isobutylidenediurea) and urea N carriers. During 2 yr of study, overall turf quality was acceptable for all carriers, but was best for those plots receiving IBDU, ammeline, and melamine/urea (M/U) with quality ranging from 6.9 to 7.7. Turf growth was not influenced by N sources the first year. During the second year, weekly shoot growth was greater from plots receiving ammeline and IBDU compared to melamine and M/U (up to 30%). Addition of inoculant to the melamine lowered turf quality by almost a whole point and weekly shoot growth was as much as 40% greater where no inoculant was added. Turf quality reductions with melamine were inoculant‐rate responsive. Inoculant addition failed to provide a microbially competitive advantage over naturally occurring soil organisms to stimulate increased degradation and N release for turf performance.}, number={4}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={PEACOCK, CH and DIPAOLA, JM}, year={1992}, pages={583–585} }