@article{morrison_scholle_2014, title={Abrogation of TLR3 inhibition by discrete amino acid changes in the C-terminal half of the West Nile virus NS1 protein}, volume={456}, ISSN={["0042-6822"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.017}, abstractNote={West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen, which causes significant disease in humans. The innate immune system is a first-line defense against invading microorganism and many flaviviruses, including WNV, have evolved multifunctional proteins, which actively suppress its activation and antiviral actions. The WNV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) inhibits signal transduction originating from Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and also critically contributes to virus genome replication. In this study we developed a novel FACS-based screen to attempt to separate these two functions. The individual amino acid changes P320S and M333V in NS1 restored TLR3 signaling in virus-infected HeLa cells. However, virus replication was also attenuated, suggesting that the two functions are not easily separated and may be contained within overlapping domains. The residues we identified are completely conserved among several mosquito- and tick-borne flaviviruses, indicating that they are of biological importance to the virus.}, journal={VIROLOGY}, author={Morrison, Clayton R. and Scholle, Frank}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={96–107} }
 @article{crook_miller-kittrell_morrison_scholle_2014, title={Modulation of innate immune signaling by the secreted form of the West Nile virus NS1 glycoprotein}, volume={458}, ISSN={["0042-6822"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.036}, abstractNote={West Nile virus (WNV) employs several different strategies to escape the innate immune response. We have previously demonstrated that the WNV NS1 protein interferes with signal transduction from Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). NS1 is a glycoprotein that can be found intracellularly or associated with the plasma membrane. In addition, NS1 is secreted to high levels during flavivirus infections. We investigated whether the secreted form of NS1 inhibits innate immune signaling pathways in uninfected cells. Secreted NS1 (sNS1) was purified from supernatants of cells engineered to express the protein. Purified sNS1 associated with and repressed TLR3-induced cytokine production by HeLa cells, and inhibited signaling from TLR3 and other TLRs in bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. Footpad administration of sNS1 showed the protein associated predominantly with macrophages and dendritic cells in the draining lymph node. Additionally, sNS1 significantly reduced TLR3 signaling and WNV replicon particle-mediated cytokine transcription in popliteal lymph nodes.}, journal={VIROLOGY}, author={Crook, Kristen R. and Miller-Kittrell, Mindy and Morrison, Clayton R. and Scholle, Frank}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={172–182} }
 @article{sikes_bradshaw_ivory_lunsford_mcmillan_morrison_2009, title={A streamlined method for rapid and sensitive chromatin immunoprecipitation}, volume={344}, ISSN={["0022-1759"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jim.2009.03.007}, abstractNote={We report a streamlined procedure to efficiently carry samples from chromatin to qPCR-compatible DNA in as little as 4 h. We use this streamlined ChIP to quantify histone H3 modifications at active (cad) and repressed (T early alpha) promoters in a Rag1-deficient pro-T cell line after 1–2 h IP. We further show that the protocol readily quantified histone modifications in chromatin from 104 Rag-deficient DN thymocytes. Taken together, these data outline a simple, cost-effective procedure for efficient ChIP analysis.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS}, author={Sikes, Michael L. and Bradshaw, Justin M. and Ivory, Wendell T. and Lunsford, Jessica L. and McMillan, Ruth E. and Morrison, Clayton R.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={58–63} }
 @article{baxter_papa_chamberlain_humphray_joron_morrison_ffrench-constant_mcmillan_jiggins_2008, title={Convergent Evolution in the Genetic Basis of Mullerian Mimicry in Heliconius Butterflies}, volume={180}, ISSN={["1943-2631"]}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.107.082982}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={GENETICS}, author={Baxter, Simon W. and Papa, Riccardo and Chamberlain, Nicola and Humphray, Sean J. and Joron, Mathieu and Morrison, Clay and Ffrench-Constant, Richard H. and McMillan, W. Owen and Jiggins, Chris D.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={1567–1577} }