@article{beachler_papich_andrews_dollen_ellis_withowski_bailey_2021, title={Clinical Outcome of Transcervical Infusion of a Combination of Procaine Penicillin and Gentamicin in Late-term Pregnant Mares}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103727}, abstractNote={Transcervical intrauterine infusion of antibiotics may more effectively treat pathogens associated with fetal and neonatal disease in pregnant mares than standard systemic routes. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of transcervical antibiotic infusion by characterizing the gestational outcome in nine healthy pregnant pony mares following a single transcervical infusion of 2.4 million IU of procaine penicillin and 200 mg of gentamicin in a 10 mL volume during late gestation. Assessment of fetal-placental health was performed through serial measurement of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) and fetal heart rate and mares and foals were closely monitored in the periparturient period. Fetal heart rate and CTUP remained unchanged after infusion, with no evidence of fluid accumulation or significant increase at the time-points 24, 48, and 72 hours. All mares foaled without complication 12-58 days after antibiotic infusion at a mean gestational age of 322.7 ± 12.7 days. Two out of nine foals displayed signs of mild neonatal maladjustment syndrome that responded to minimal supportive care and all foals survived to weaning without further complications.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa M. and Papich, Mark G. and Andrews, Natalie C. and Dollen, Karen A. Von and Ellis, Katelyn E. and Withowski, Katie and Bailey, Christopher Scott}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_morgan_bembenek bailey_borst_ellis_von dollen_lyle_nebel_andrews_et al._2021, title={Plasma metabolomic profiling of healthy pregnant mares and mares with experimentally induced placentitis}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.13262}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, author={Beachler, T.M. and Gracz, H.S. and Morgan, D.R. and Bembenek Bailey, S.A. and Borst, L. and Ellis, K.E. and Von Dollen, K.A. and Lyle, S.K. and Nebel, A.M. and Andrews, N.C. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={85–93} }
 @article{kavanagh_bailey_sears_2020, title={Evidence of five digits in embryonic horses and developmental stabilization of tetrapod digit number}, volume={287}, ISSN={["1471-2954"]}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2019.2756}, abstractNote={
            Previous work comparing the developmental mechanisms involved in digit reduction in horses with other mammals reported that horses have only a ‘single digit', with two flanking metapodials identified as remnants of digit II and IV. Here we show that early
            Equus
            embryos go through a stage with five digit condensations, and that the flanking splint metapodials result from fusions of the two anterior digits I and II and the two posterior digits IV and V, in a striking parallel between ontogeny and phylogeny. Given that even this most extreme case of digit reduction exhibits primary pentadactyly, we re-examined the initial stages of digit condensation of all digit-reduced tetrapods where data are available and found that in all cases, five or four digits initiate (four with digit I missing). The persistent pentadactyl initiation in the horse and other digit-reduced modern taxa underscores a durable developmental stability at the initiation of digits. The digit evodevo model may help illuminate the biological circumstances under which organ systems become highly stabilized versus highly plastic.
          }, number={1920}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}, author={Kavanagh, Kathryn D. and Bailey, C. Scott and Sears, Karen E.}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{beachler_bailey_gracz_morgan_von dollen_ellis_gadsby_lyle_2020, title={Metabolomic Profile of Allantoic and Amniotic Fluid in Late-term Gestational Mares Characterized by H-1-nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103235}, abstractNote={The amniotic and allantoic fluid compartments in the mare serve essential roles throughout pregnancy and parturition. Although the global metabolomic profile of amniotic fluid in women has been extensively characterized, current data for equine fetal fluids are limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the global metabolomic profile of equine allantoic and amniotic fluid through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fetal fluids were collected between 270 and 295 days of gestation from 12 pregnancies through ultrasound-guided transabdominal puncture. A total of 24 samples (n = 10 allantoic fluid; n = 9 amniotic fluid; n = 5 admixed fluid) were analyzed by one-dimensional proton (1H) and two-dimensional (1H-13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolites were integrated and compared between fluid types using a Kruskal-Wallis test at P < .05 significance. A total of 28 distinct metabolites were found in allantoic and admixed fluid, whereas 23 metabolites were identified in amniotic fluid. Allantoic fluid contained significant elevations (P < .05) in the metabolites betaine, creatine, creatinine, citrate, histidine, nitrophenol, tryptophan, π-methylhistidine, and unknown metabolite #1 compared with amniotic fluid, whereas amniotic fluid contained statistically increased concentrations of the metabolite lactate compared with allantoic fluid (P = .003).}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa M. and Bailey, C. Scott and Gracz, Hanna S. and Morgan, Davic R. and Von Dollen, Karen A. and Ellis, Katey E. and Gadsby, John E. and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{smith_orders_slate_bauldry_emrani_idassi_ahmed_cecile_bailey_nguyen_et al._2020, title={Proteomics analysis reveal that Moringa oleifera kills Escherichia coli by altering multiple biological processes}, volume={129}, ISSN={["1727-9321"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.056}, abstractNote={Every year 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide and a million of these infants die. We know that bacterial infections are associated with and are the primary cause of preterm labor. Unfortunately, current antibiotic-based therapies are either unsafe or are becoming less effective due to the development of bacterial resistance to these therapies. Some of the key microbes associated with preterm labor include Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here, we investigated the effectiveness of different whole leaf Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) extracts and subsequently the sub-fractions of ethanolic whole leaf extract to inhibit growth of and/or lysis E. coli, and compared the most potent leaf extract to common antibiotics. We also sought to determine the proteome-wide expression patterns of the bacterium when incubated with whole leaf M. oleifera extract using quantitative proteomics. From these studies, we demonstrate that: (1) ethanolic whole leaf M. oleifera extract causes the greatest inhibition of E. coli and is comparable to inhibition observed by common antibiotics, (2) the 8 different phases of bacterial growth are prolonged or inhibited by extract treatment, (3) sub-fraction 5 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities, followed by 8, and (4) proteomics analysis revealed that MO lyses E. coli by altering expression of multiple proteins involved in several biological processes of the bacteria, notably stress response, metabolism and energy maintenance.}, journal={SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={Smith, B. E. and Orders, T. and Slate, J. and Bauldry, S. and Emrani, J. and Idassi, J. and Ahmed, M. and Cecile, J. and Bailey, C. S. and Nguyen, N-A and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={366–378} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_long_borst_morgan_nebel_andrews_koipillai_frable_bailey_et al._2019, title={Allantoic Metabolites, Progesterone, and Estradiol-17 beta Remain Unchanged After Infection in an Experimental Model of Equine Ascending Placentitis}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.014}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to characterize the metabolomic profile of equine allantoic fluid in the pregnant mare with and without experimentally induced ascending placentitis with the goal of identifying biomarkers of this disease. We compared the onset of metabolomic changes with common modalities for diagnosis of ascending placentitis, including measurement of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP), hormonal profiling, and measurement of serum acute phase proteins. Ten pregnant pony mares were randomly divided into two groups: five healthy control mares (CONT) and five mares induced to develop ascending placentitis (PLAC) via inoculation with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus bacteria at Days 280–285 of gestation. Allantoic fluid, whole blood, and serum were collected from both groups at 270–275 days of gestation and at the following time points postinoculation: 4 hours, Days 2, 4, 6, and 10. Differences between groups in identified metabolites, progesterone, estradiol-17β, lactate, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were assessed using an analysis of variance with repeated measures. A total of 27 metabolites were identified in allantoic fluid. No differences were detected between groups at any time point (P > .05) for any identified metabolite, progesterone, estradiol-17β, or lactate concentrations. Significant elevations in CTUP (P = .003) and SAA (P = .0001) were detected by Days 4 and 6 postinoculation, respectively. The results of this study established a database of equine allantoic fluid metabolites and confirmed the utility of uteroplacental ultrasound for detection of placentitis before the onset of hematologic changes.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa and Gracz, Hanna and Long, Nathan M. and Borst, Luke and Morgan, David and Nebel, Amber and Andrews, Natalie and Koipillai, Joanna and Frable, Samantha and Bailey, Stasia Bembenek and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={95–105} }
 @article{von dollen_jones_beachler_harris_papich_lyle_bailey_2019, title={Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftiofur and Penicillin With Gentamicin Against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus in an Ex Vivo Model of Equine Postpartum Uterine Disease}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.005}, abstractNote={The use of antimicrobials for the management of equine uterine disease is commonplace, with antibiotic selection generally based on empirical evidence or in vitro sensitivity results. However, the potential disconnect between these laboratory results and clinical efficacy in the mare raises concern for antibiotic failure and subsequent development of resistant organisms. In this work, we attempt to bridge this gap by using an ex vivo model of the equine postpartum uterus to quantitatively evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two commonly used antibiotic treatments in the mare (ceftiofur and penicillin with gentamicin). The activity of both of these treatments was evaluated in two different fluid environments (standard bacterial culture broth and equine postpartum uterine fluid) against clinical isolates of E. coli and S. zooepidemicus. Although treatment with ceftiofur was effective at reducing growth of S. zooepidemicus in equine postpartum uterine fluid, it did not reduce bacterial growth of E. coli. Treatment with procaine penicillin G with gentamicin achieved at least bacteriostatic activity against E. coli in both fluid types, and bactericidal activity against S. zooepidemicus in both fluid types. The intrauterine infusion of procaine penicillin G with gentamicin in cases of postpartum uterine disease caused by E. coli or S. zooepidemicus is supported by the results of this work.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Von Dollen, Karen A. and Jones, Monica and Beachler, Theresa and Harris, Tonya L. and Papich, Mark G. and Lyle, Sara K. and Bailey, C. Scott}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={121–126} }
 @article{von dollen_scharf_posner_luckring_oda_ellis_beachler_bailey_lyle_2019, title={Ex utero intrapartum correction of omphalocele in an English bulldog fetus}, volume={11}, number={1}, journal={Clinical Theriogenology}, author={Von Dollen, K.A. and Scharf, V.F. and Posner, L.P. and Luckring, E.J. and Oda, A. and Ellis, K.E. and Beachler, T.M. and Bailey, C.S. and Lyle, S.K.}, year={2019}, pages={67–72} }
 @article{ellis_council-troche_von dollen_beachler_bailey_davis_lyle_2019, title={Pharmacokinetics of Intrarectal Altrenogest in Horses}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.001}, abstractNote={Hospitalized pregnant mares being held nil per os (PO) because of medical or surgical events present a dilemma for pregnancy maintenance therapy, which commonly includes oral altrenogest. Rectal administration of medications is a recognized route for achieving systemic concentrations, but there are no data on the pharmacokinetics of rectal altrenogest administration in horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of altrenogest following PO or per rectum (PR) administration in mares. Using a randomized two-way crossover study design, six horses received altrenogest (0.088 mg/kg; PO or PR q 24 hours for 5 days), with a 7-day washout period, and the concentrations of altrenogest were determined by an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations persisted above presumed therapeutic concentrations for a mean of 36 hours (range 24-72 hours) and 5.5 hours (range 3-8 hours) for PO and PR administration, respectively. The calculated half-life (T ½) of PO administration (7.01 ± 3.13 hours) was correspondingly increased when compared to PR administration (2.82 ± 1.07 hours). Relative bioavailability of altrenogest following PR administration was only 5.47%. Altrenogest is rapidly absorbed following PR administration in the horse and reaches therapeutic concentrations, making this a viable method of treatment in NPO mares. The decreased bioavailability and shorter detection time suggest 0.088 mg/kg PR q 4-8 hours would be necessary to maintain therapeutic concentrations over a 24-hour period.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Ellis, Katelyn E. and Council-Troche, R. McAlister and Von Dollen, Karen A. and Beachler, Theresa M. and Bailey, C. Scott and Davis, Jennifer L. and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={41–46} }
 @article{archibald_baltutis_stoskopf_bailey_2019, title={Testicular activity and epididymal sperm collection from American black bears in November}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1938-5439"]}, DOI={10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00015.1}, abstractNote={Abstract: Prolonged reproductive behavior of American black bears (Ursus americanus) has been reported in the southeastern United States compared with other regions, but functional spermatogenesis or potential fertility has not previously been described for these bears. Additionally, methods for gamete collection are only in early stages of development for ursids. Testicles were collected from 29 post-pubertal legally hunter-killed black bears in eastern North Carolina, USA, in November 2016. Active spermatogenesis was identified in 48.3% (14/29) of bears via histology. Epididymal sperm collection was attempted via mincing (n = 29), vas deferens flush (n = 24), and percutaneous aspiration (n = 5). Epididymal mincing identified sperm in 78.6%, and vas flush in 53.8%, of bears with spermatogenesis on histology. Percutaneous aspiration was unsuccessful. These findings provide evidence that male bears may maintain reproductive capabilities into the late autumn in this region, and that under the conditions of this study, sperm can be collected via epididymal mincing or vas deferens flush, but not percutaneous aspiration.}, number={2}, journal={URSUS}, author={Archibald, Kate E. and Baltutis, Kristina and Stoskopf, Michael K. and Bailey, C. Scott}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={101–110} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_morgan_von dollen_ellis_lyle_bailey_nebel_andrews_koipillai_et al._2018, title={Alterations of the CTUP in Response to Ascending Placentitis Precede Changes in Hematologic Inflammatory Markers and Changes in Allantoic Metabolites}, volume={66}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.124}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.124}, abstractNote={This paper firstly describes the synthesis of a series of (Z)-4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-en-2-ones (3a–f) as well as 1-(1-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (3g), from the O,N-exchange reaction of some 4-methoxy-4-alkyl(aryl)-1,1,1-trifluoroalk-3-en-2-ones (1) with 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline (2), at 70–90% yields. Subsequently, in concentrated sulfuric acid, the enaminoketones 3 underwent a successful and regioselective intramolecular cyclocondensation reaction, which furnished a novel series of 2-alkyl(aryl)-7-chloro-6-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-quinolines (4) at 70–85% yields. To demonstrate synthetic applicability through the Sonogashira coupling reaction for obtaining quinolines with potential antimicrobial activity, the synthesis of a novel series of 2-alkyl(aryl)-6-fluoro-7-(phenylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-quinolines (5) was performed, using quinolines 4 and phenylacetylene, via a regioselective Sonogashira coupling reaction (25–50% yield). Unfortunately, the new series of heterocycles 4 and 5 did not produce significant results against bacteria and fungi at the concentrations of 80–0.31 μg/mL.}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Beachler, T.M. and Gracz, H.S. and Morgan, D.R. and Von Dollen, K.A. and Ellis, K.E. and Lyle, S.K. and Bailey, SA Bembenek and Nebel, A.M. and Andrews, N.C. and Koipillai, J. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={237} }
 @article{vondollen_beachler_lyle_mowa_jones_harris_bailey_2018, title={Antimicrobial Activity in Equine Postpartum Uterine Fluid}, volume={66}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.196}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.196}, abstractNote={The effect of chronic administration of gabapentin, carbamazepine or a gabapentin-carbamazepine combination on testicular function in male rats was investigated to determine the effect of combining reduced doses of anti-epileptic drugs on the management of seizures, particularly with respect to the testis sequellae of chronic anti-epileptic administration.Male rats were randomized into four groups (n = 10). Each group received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections for 28 days as follows: Group I, normal saline 0.1 mL/day; Group II, gabapentin (GBP) 16 mg/kg/day; Group III, carbamazepine (CBZ) 20 mg/kg/day; and Group IV, sub-therapeutic doses of both GBP (8 mg/kg) and CBZ (10 mg/kg)/day. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, five rats from each group were sacrificed and the remaining rats were allowed to recover for another four weeks. Sperm characteristics, serum testosterone, and histological integrity of the testis was assessed 24 h after treatment and after 28 days of drug withdrawal.GBP, CBZ, and GBP-CBZ combination significantly reduced the absolute weight of the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle (p < 0.05). Moreover, epididymal sperm count and morphology were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in GBP, CBZ, and GBP-CBZ groups. Reduction in serum levels of testosterone for all of the treated groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The cytoarchitecture of the testicular tissue in the testis of CBZ and GBP-CBZ groups showed disorganization. The altered testicular function were almost restored in GBP treated rats. CBZ and GBP-CBZ combination have delayed but reversible antifertility in the rats. Hence, chronic administration of GBP, CBZ, and GBP-CBZ combination reversibly reduced testicular function in male rats.}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={VonDollen, K.A. and Beachler, T.M. and Lyle, S.K. and Mowa, C.N. and Jones, M.J. and Harris, T.L. and Bailey, C.S.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={161} }
 @article{frable_beehan_jacob_rogers_ellis_von dollen_beachler_bailey_lyle_2018, title={Gene Characterization of Biofilm-forming Escherichia coli Equine Reproductive Tract Isolates}, volume={66}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.161}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.161}, abstractNote={Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2) is implicated in genital neoplasms in horses, including equine penile papillomas, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This virus seldom regresses spontaneously and can result in the development of SCC, which may result in significant clinical damage and economic cost. However, the prevalence of this virus is unknown in clinically unaffected horses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EcPV-2 DNA in genital swabs from healthy horses in the Republic of Korea and to investigate genetic variability within EcPV-2. A total of 797 genital swab samples obtained from Thoroughbred horses (35 stallions and 762 mares) were tested for the presence of the EcPV-2 gene E1 using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Positive results were confirmed by repeat PCR to detect the presence of E6 and amplicon sequencing. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 DNA was detected in 1% (8/762) of mare swabs but in none of stallion swabs (0/35). All EcPV-2–positive mares had been imported from the United States. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 E6 gene sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis and revealed three subdivisions related to the European strains, and three isolates were located on two separate branches. This study documents the molecular prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of EcPV-2 DNA in the Republic of Korea.}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Frable, S. and Beehan, D.P. and Jacob, M. and Rogers, A. and Ellis, K.E. and Von Dollen, K. and Beachler, T.M. and Bailey, C.S. and Lyle, S.K.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={116} }
 @article{beachler_bailey_mckelvey_davis_edwards_diaw_vasgaard_whitacre_2016, title={Haemoperitoneum in a pregnant mare with an ovarian haematoma}, volume={28}, ISSN={["2042-3292"]}, DOI={10.1111/eve.12211}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={7}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION}, author={Beachler, T. M. and Bailey, C. S. and McKelvey, K. A. and Davis, J. L. and Edwards, A. and Diaw, M. and Vasgaard, J. M. and Whitacre, M. D.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={359–363} }
 @article{mckelvey_beachler_ferris_diaw_vasgaard_bailey_2015, title={Vaginal prolapse in a pregnant Maine coon cat: a case report}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1748-5827"]}, DOI={10.1111/jsap.12310}, abstractNote={Vaginal prolapse is a condition characterised by excessive accumulation of mucosal oedema and protrusion of hyperplastic tissue through the vulva. It has been reported in ruminants and canines, but has not been characterised in felines. This report describes the history, clinical signs and treatment of a pregnant Maine coon cat with a Type III vaginal prolapse diagnosed approximately 54 days after the first day of mating. Prior to queening, the prolapse was reduced and retained using a vulvar cruciate suture. Due to the risk of dystocia and recurrence, a caesarean section with ovariohysterectomy was performed. Postoperatively, a stay suture was maintained in the vulva for 2 weeks, resulting in permanent reduction of the vaginal prolapse. To the authors’ knowledge, this case represents the first report of the successful management of vaginal prolapse in a pregnant cat.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={McKelvey, K. A. and Beachler, T. M. and Ferris, K. K. and Diaw, M. and Vasgaard, J. M. and Bailey, C. S.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={473–475} }
 @article{archibald_minter_lewbart_bailey_2014, title={Collection and characterization of semen from Chilean rose tarantulas (Grammostola rosea)}, volume={75}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.75.10.929}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Archibald, Kate E. and Minter, Larry J. and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Bailey, C. Scott}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={929–936} }
 @article{hutchins_vaden_jacob_harris_bowles_wood_bailey_2014, title={Vaginal Microbiota of Spayed Dogs with or without Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12299}, abstractNote={BackgroundLimited information is available regarding the vaginal microbiota of normal spayed dogs and spayed dogs with recurrent UTIs. Vaginal lactic acid‐producing bacteria (LAB) have been associated with decreased frequency of recurrent urinary tract infection in women and may have a protective role within the urinary tract of female dogs.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Hutchins, R. G. and Vaden, S. L. and Jacob, M. E. and Harris, T. L. and Bowles, K. D. and Wood, M. W. and Bailey, C. S.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={300–304} }
 @article{hutchins_bailey_jacob_harris_wood_saker_vaden_2013, title={The Effect of an Oral Probiotic Containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus Species on the Vaginal Microbiota of Spayed Female Dogs}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12174}, abstractNote={BackgroundRecurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often difficult to treat. Vaginal colonization with lactic acid‐producing bacteria (LAB) is associated with reduced frequency of recurrent UTIs in women. Oral probiotics might help increase the prevalence of vaginal LAB and decrease the frequency of recurrent UTIs in dogs.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Hutchins, R. G. and Bailey, C. S. and Jacob, M. E. and Harris, T. L. and Wood, M. W. and Saker, K. E. and Vaden, S. L.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={1368–1371} }
 @article{bailey_heitzman_buchanan_bare_sper_borst_macpherson_archibald_whitacre_2012, title={B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in pony mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis}, volume={44}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00658.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Bailey, C. S. and Heitzman, J. M. and Buchanan, C. N. and Bare, C. A. and Sper, R. B. and Borst, L. B. and Macpherson, M. and Archibald, K. and Whitacre, M.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={88–94} }
 @article{tate_fogle_bailey_tate_davis_2012, title={Laparoscopic-Assisted Colpotomy for Ovariectomy in the Mare}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.00993.x}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo describe a technique for ovariectomy through a colpotomy using a chain écraseur with laparoscopic guidance and report outcome in 4 mares.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Tate, Lloyd P., Jr. and Fogle, Callie A. and Bailey, C. Scott and Tate, Kathryn B. and Davis, John W.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={625–628} }
 @article{bailey_fallon_wang_borst_timoney_2012, title={Serum and Colostral Antibody Responses of Pregnant Mares to Salmonella Bacterins and Colostral Antibody Transfer to Their Foals}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0737-0806"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.001}, abstractNote={Salmonella spp. are well-recognized foal pathogens. However, prevention of neonatal salmonellosis by vaccinating pregnant mares has not been reported previously. A formalinized adjuvanted bacterin of Salmonella enterica, serovar typhimurium (S typhimurium) and serovar newport (S newport), was given to pregnant mares to determine its safety (study 1) and potency in enhancing Salmonella-specific antibody for colostral transfer to foals (study 2). Antibody levels to S typhimurium (lysate and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and S newport (lysate) were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay and reported as optical density measures. The mares in study 1 (n = 16) exhibited minimal reactions to the bacterin, and pregnancy was maintained in all mares throughout the study period. In study 2, serum antibody levels to both S typhimurium and S newport increased significantly in vaccinated mares (mean OD increase: 0.83 ± 0.58 [lysate of S typhimurium], 1.27 ± 0.82 [LPS of S typhimurium], and 0.67 ± 0.74 [lysate of S newport], respectively; n = 28). Elevated serum antibody levels on day 28 correlated with high antibody levels in colostrum (r2 = 0.62-0.75; P < .0001) and in serum samples of foals (r2 = 0.5-0.73; P < .001).}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Bailey, Christopher Scott and Fallon, Luke and Wang, Wei and Borst, Luke and Timoney, John}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={575–578} }
 @article{sper_whitacre_bailey_schramme_orellana_ast_vasgaard_2012, title={Successful reduction of a monozygotic equine twin pregnancy via transabdominal ultrasound-guided cardiac puncture}, volume={24}, ISSN={["0957-7734"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00254.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION}, author={Sper, R. B. and Whitacre, M. D. and Bailey, C. S. and Schramme, A. J. and Orellana, D. G. and Ast, C. K. and Vasgaard, J. M.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={55–59} }
 @article{bailey_sper_schewmaker_buchanan_beachler_pozor_whitacre_2012, title={Uterine artery blood flow remains unchanged in pregnant mares in response to short-term administration of pentoxifylline}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1879-3231"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.018}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to use Doppler ultrasound technology to determine whether pentoxifylline administration increased uterine blood flow in normal pregnant pony mares. Thirteen pregnant pony mares between 18 and 190 d of gestation (mean ± SEM, 101 ± 55) were utilized for the study during two trial periods. In each trial, pentoxifylline (17 mg/kg by mouth every 12h, diluted in syrup) was administered to half of the mares for 3 d, while the other mares were treated with syrup only. Doppler measurements were obtained from the right and left uterine arteries from each mare for 2 d prior to treatment and throughout the treatment period. The mean Resistivity Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Uterine Artery Diameter (D), and Total Arterial Blood Flow (TABF) from each day were compared over time and between groups. Administration of pentoxifylline did not alter uterine blood flow parameters compared with controls (values for all treatment days combined were RI: 0.517 ± 0.014 vs 0.543 ± 0.016; PI: 0.876 ± 0.048 vs 0.927 ± 0.057; D: 0.388 ± 0.018 vs 0.379 ± 0.023 cm; and TABF: 35.26 ± 7.38 vs 30.73 ± 5.29 mL/min). Uterine blood flow increased over the course of the 5 d study, irrespective of treatment, and was higher in mares of greater gestational age than in early gestational mares (RI: r2 = 0.35; PI: r2 = 0.37; D: r2 = 0.66; and TABF: r2 = 0.67 – P < 0.00001). We concluded that any immediate benefits of pentoxifylline administration in the pregnant mare were not mediated through enhanced uterine artery blood flow.}, number={2}, journal={THERIOGENOLOGY}, author={Bailey, C. S. and Sper, R. B. and Schewmaker, J. L. and Buchanan, C. N. and Beachler, T. M. and Pozor, M. A. and Whitacre, M. D.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={430–436} }
 @article{pozor_muehlhaus_king_macpherson_troedsson_bailey_2011, title={Effect of pentoxifylline treatment on testicular perfusion and semen quality in Miniature horse stallions}, volume={76}, ISSN={["1879-3231"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.005}, abstractNote={The objective was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on testicular perfusion and sperm production in stallions. In a preliminary study, six mature Miniature horse stallions were given 0, 8.5, or 17.0 mg/kg of PTX orally, twice daily, for 3 d. Total Arterial Blood Flow Rate (TABFR) was higher (P < 0.05) in all treated versus control stallions during and after treatment. Two months later (during the fall and winter), the same stallions received either 0 or 17 mg/kg of PTX orally, twice daily for 60 d. Resistance and pulsatility indices (RI and PI, respectively) decreased in PTX-treated stallions between Treatment 1 and Post-treatment periods. Arterial diameter, as well as Total Arterial Blood Flow (TABF), decreased in controls between Baseline and Treatment 1 (P < 0.05). A similar decrease in arterial diameter was delayed in Group TREATED, but reached significance during Post-treatment (P < 0.05), whereas TABF did not change in this group. Furthermore, TABFR had a transient tendency to increase during Treatment 1 (P < 0.1), whereas it steadily decreased in controls and reached significance in the Post-treatment period (P < 0.05). Both RI and PI were negatively correlated with end diastolic velocity (EDV) in both groups (P < 0.0001). There were positive correlations between RI and peak systolic velocity (PSV) in treated stallions during Treatment 1 (RI: r = 0.53, P = 0.021; PI: r = 0.59, P = 0.007). Also, there were negative correlations between Time Averaged Maximum Velocity (TAMAX) and Doppler indexes in treated stallions during Treatment 2 period (RI: r = -0.49, P = 0.006; PI: r = -0.47, P = 0.008), and during Post-treatment periods (RI: r = -0.40, P = 0.049; PI: r = -042, P = 0.039). Transient hydrocele occurred in all treated stallions (a potential complication of high-dose PTX). Semen end points were not significantly affected by PTX treatment. In conclusion, PTX delayed the seasonal decrease of testicular perfusion in stallions. Sperm quality and quantity were not significantly affected; perhaps they would have been enhanced by prolonged treatment.}, number={6}, journal={THERIOGENOLOGY}, author={Pozor, Malgorzata A. and Muehlhaus, Jennifer and King, Alana and Macpherson, Margo L. and Troedsson, Mats H. and Bailey, Christopher S.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={1027–1035} }
 @article{bailey_macpherson_pozor_troedsson_benson_giguere_sanchez_leblanc_vickroy_2010, title={Treatment efficacy of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, pentoxifylline and altrenogest in experimentally induced equine placentitis}, volume={74}, ISSN={["1879-3231"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.02.023}, abstractNote={The objective was to determine if long-term treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (antimicrobial), pentoxifylline (anti-inflammatory/anti-cytokine) and altrenogest (synthetic progestin), would improve pregnancy outcome in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Seventeen normal, pregnant pony mares were enrolled in the study at 280–295 d of pregnancy. Placentitis was induced in all mares by intra-cervical inoculation of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (107 CFU). Five mares served as infected, untreated control animals (Group UNTREAT). Twelve mares (Group TREAT) were infected and given trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (30 mg/kg, PO, q 12h), pentoxifylline (8.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12h) and altrenogest (0.088 mg/kg, PO, q 24h) from the onset of clinical signs to delivery of a live foal or abortion. Blood samples were cultured from all foals at delivery and fetal stomach and thoracic contents were obtained for culture from dead fetuses. More mares in Group TREAT delivered viable foals (10/12; 83%; P < 0.05) than mares in Group UNTREAT (0/5; 0%). Ten of 12 foals (83%) in Group TREAT had negative blood cultures at birth. All foals in Group UNTREAT (5/5; 100%) had positive cultures from one or more samples (blood, stomach contents, and thoracic fluid). Bacteria were recovered from uterine culture samples in both groups. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was the predominant organism recovered from fetal/foal or mare culture samples. The authors inferred that administration of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, pentoxifylline and altrenogest may improve the viability of foals from mares with experimentally induced placentitis.}, number={3}, journal={THERIOGENOLOGY}, author={Bailey, C. S. and Macpherson, M. L. and Pozor, M. A. and Troedsson, M. H. T. and Benson, S. and Giguere, S. and Sanchez, L. C. and LeBlanc, M. M. and Vickroy, T. W.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={402–412} }
 @article{bailey_fallon_wang_borst_timoney_2010, title={Use of a Salmonella-bacterin in pregnant mares to enhance protective antibodies in neonatal foals}, volume={121}, ISSN={0378-4320}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.125}, DOI={10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.125}, number={1-2}, journal={Animal Reproduction Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Bailey, C.S. and Fallon, L. and Wang, W. and Borst, L. and Timoney, J.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={367–368} }
 @article{macpherson_bailey_2008, title={Treating the Mare with Placentitis: A Clinical Approach}, volume={28}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2008.10.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2008.10.008}, abstractNote={Placentitis is a challenging condition in the mare to both diagnose and treat. The identification of clinical signs, use of ultrasonography, and interpretation of laboratory values (serum progestin and mammary secretion electrolytes) will be described. Current therapies for treating placental infections will be discussed. In addition, recommendations for managing the postpartum mare and neonate will be provided.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Macpherson, Margo L. and Bailey, C. Scott}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={703–708} }
 @article{boyd_pozor_bailey_verstegen_2006, title={Effect of seasonality on testicular blood flow in mature stallions}, volume={94}, ISSN={0378-4320}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.03.089}, DOI={10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.03.089}, number={1-4}, journal={Animal Reproduction Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Boyd, A. and Pozor, M.A. and Bailey, C.S. and Verstegen, J.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={144–145} }