@article{katon_brugh_desmarais_simons-rudolph_zottola_2020, title={A Qualitative Analysis of Drivers among Military-Affiliated and Civilian Lone Actor Terrorists Inspired by Jihadism}, volume={44}, ISSN={1057-610X 1521-0731}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1799520}, DOI={10.1080/1057610X.2020.1799520}, abstractNote={Abstract This qualitative study explored and compared factors that drive individuals with and without military experience to commit violent acts of terrorism within a sample of 10 jihadism-inspired lone actors. Findings reveal four major themes driving violent terrorist action among lone actors: Action, Grievance, Growing in Jihad, Religious Fervor. Results also provide some of the first evidence that drivers of lone actor terrorism differ between those with and without military experience. Factors related to action, certain grievances, and growth in Jihad were seen more commonly among the military-affiliated lone actors than their civilian peers. Implications for policy and prevention are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={Studies in Conflict & Terrorism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Katon, Alexa and Brugh, Christine Shahan and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph and Zottola, Samantha A.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1–18} }
 @article{brugh_desmarais_simons-rudolph_2020, title={Application of the TRAP-18 Framework to U.S. and Western European Lone Actor Terrorists}, ISBN={1521-0731}, ISSN={1057-610X 1521-0731}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1758372}, DOI={10.1080/1057610X.2020.1758372}, abstractNote={Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and relevance of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol-18 (TRAP-18), an investigative framework to identify those at risk of lone actor terrorism. Using public information, we rated TRAP-18 items for 35 U.S. and 38 European jihadism-inspired lone actors (total N = 77). Results reveal challenges completing the TRAP-18 using public information: only four of 18 items (Pathway, Identification, Personal Grievance, Framed by Ideology) were rated present more often than absent or unknown. Findings suggest greater relevance of TRAP-18 items to U.S. lone actors, who had a higher average number of items rated present.}, journal={Studies in Conflict & Terrorism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Brugh, Christine Shahan and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={1–26} }