@article{shapiro_raghunath_williams_motsinger-reif_cullen_liu_albertson_ruvolo_bergstrom lucas_jin_et al._2015, title={Canine urothelial carcinoma: genomically aberrant and comparatively relevant}, volume={23}, ISSN={0967-3849 1573-6849}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10577-015-9471-Y}, DOI={10.1007/s10577-015-9471-y}, abstractNote={Urothelial carcinoma (UC), also referred to as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), is the most common bladder malignancy in both human and canine populations. In human UC, numerous studies have demonstrated the prevalence of chromosomal imbalances. Although the histopathology of the disease is similar in both species, studies evaluating the genomic profile of canine UC are lacking, limiting the discovery of key comparative molecular markers associated with driving UC pathogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated 31 primary canine UC biopsies by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH). Results highlighted the presence of three highly recurrent numerical aberrations: gain of dog chromosome (CFA) 13 and 36 and loss of CFA 19. Regional gains of CFA 13 and 36 were present in 97 % and 84 % of cases, respectively, and losses on CFA 19 were present in 77 % of cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using targeted bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and custom Agilent SureFISH probes, was performed to detect and quantify these regions in paraffin-embedded biopsy sections and urine-derived urothelial cells. The data indicate that these three aberrations are potentially diagnostic of UC. Comparison of our canine oaCGH data with that of 285 human cases identified a series of shared copy number aberrations. Using an informatics approach to interrogate the frequency of copy number aberrations across both species, we identified those that had the highest joint probability of association with UC. The most significant joint region contained the gene PABPC1, which should be considered further for its role in UC progression. In addition, cross-species filtering of genome-wide copy number data highlighted several genes as high-profile candidates for further analysis, including CDKN2A, S100A8/9, and LRP1B. We propose that these common aberrations are indicative of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of pathogenesis and harbor genes key to urothelial neoplasia, warranting investigation for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.}, number={2}, journal={Chromosome Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Shapiro, S. G. and Raghunath, S. and Williams, C. and Motsinger-Reif, A. A. and Cullen, J. M. and Liu, T. and Albertson, D. and Ruvolo, M. and Bergstrom Lucas, A. and Jin, J. and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={311–331} }
 @article{williams_junge_2014, title={Prosimians}, DOI={10.1002/9781118792919.ch37}, abstractNote={The group of primates referred to as prosimians or strepsirhine primates include lemurs, lorises, pottos, and bush babies. Prosimian primates exhibit considerable anatomical and physiological variation. Squeeze cages can also be used to restrain medium-to large-size lemurs for the administration of IM injections. Several standard sites are accessible in prosimians; however, the preferred site depends on the species, the size of the animal, and whether it is under manual or chemical restraint. Endotracheal intubation is relatively straightforward in most prosimians but can be challenging in select species. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), benzodiazepines, alpha-2 agonists, and opiods, have all been used in prosimians successfully. Each can be combined with other drugs to take advantage of the synergistic effects of using drugs that have differing mechanisms of action. Body temperature, heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, and capillary refill time can be monitored in even the smallest lemur or loris.}, journal={Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia, 2nd edition}, author={Williams, C. V. and Junge, R. E.}, year={2014}, pages={551–559} }