@article{zilnik_kraus_burrack_2021, title={Translocation and persistence of soil applied chlorantraniliprole as a control measure for Chloridea virescens in tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105413}, abstractNote={(Heliothis) virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (tobacco budworm) management in pre-topped tobacco remains a concern for growers. Chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide, emerged as an option for C. virescens in early season tobacco because it selectively targets caterpillars, exhibits systemic action, and satisfies reduced risk classification. It is currently recommended for foliar application at threshold; however, because of its systemic action, many growers deploy soil applications at transplant. We conducted a series of experiments to determine the potential efficacy and longevity of soil applications of chlorantraniliprole for use against C. virescens in tobacco. First, tobacco plants were grown in the NCSU Phytotron, a controlled environment facility, and were treated with chlorantraniliprole soil applications either as a soil injection or soil drench at field equivalent rates at transplant. Plants were either watered daily or two times per week. A field experiment was established at two locations where at transplant in furrow and soil drench applications of chlorantraniliprole were compared to foliar applications. In both these experiments, one of the youngest leaves of adequate length on a subset of plants was sampled weeks three through nine after transplant in the phytotron and five through eight after transplant at the field stations. One-half of each leaf was exposed to second instar C. virescens to assess mortality and feeding, and the other half was analyzed for chlorantraniliprole concentration. Mortality differed between treatments in phytotron and field trials after 96 h exposure. Frass production and survivorship increased as plants grew. Phytotron trials demonstrated longer toxicity to C. virescens than field experiments, and chlorantraniliprole concentrations decreased at a slower rate in the Phytotron than in the field. Our field results suggest that soil applications of chlorantraniliprole are not likely to provide acceptable early season C. virescens control in the field.}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Zilnik, Gabriel and Kraus, Dylan A. and Burrack, Hannah J.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{aly_kraus_burrack_2017, title={Effects of Postharvest Cold Storage on the Development and Survival of Immature Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Artificial Diet and Fruit}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/tow289}, abstractNote={Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) attacks a wide range of host plants, including crops such as blueberries, cherries, caneberries, and strawberries. We evaluated the influence of three temperatures (1.1, 3.9, and 5.0 °C) and four exposure durations (6, 12, 24, and 72 h) that were selected to represent typical grower practices on survival and development time of immature D. suzukii in artificial diet and one temperature and duration (1.67 °C for 72 h) in fruit (blueberries and raspberries). Cold storage at 1.1 °C for 24 h decreased larval survival, but shorter durations generally did not affect larval survival. No eggs or young larvae survived when held for 72 h at 1.1 °C, and fewer older larvae survived after 72 h at 1.1, 3.9, and 5.0 °C than at 20 °C (control). Development time in diet was longer for all life stages following at least 12 h at any of the storage temperatures. In blueberries, no eggs survived to pupation when stored at 1.67 °C for 72 h, and survival of third instars was reduced by 41%. In raspberries, egg, second instar, and third instar survival was significantly reduced following storage at 1.67 °C for 72 h. Drosophila suzukii larval development time was shorter in raspberry than in blueberry, but it was significantly longer in both fruits when stored at 1.67 °C for 72 h. Our results indicate that cold storage can reduce survival and increase development time of immature D. suzukii, and it could be a useful part of an integrated program to manage D. suzukii infestation.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Aly, Marwa F. K. and Kraus, Dylan A. and Burrack, Hannah J.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={87–93} }
 @article{hardin_kraus_burrack_2015, title={Diet quality mitigates intraspecific larval competition in Drosophila suzukii}, volume={156}, ISSN={["1570-7458"]}, DOI={10.1111/eea.12311}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={Hardin, Jesse A. and Kraus, Dylan A. and Burrack, Hannah J.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={59–65} }
 @article{burrack_fernandez_spivey_kraus_2013, title={Variation in selection and utilization of host crops in the field and laboratory by Drosophila suzukii Matsumara (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an invasive frugivore}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1526-4998"]}, DOI={10.1002/ps.3489}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Drosophila suzukii, a pest of soft-skinned berries and stone fruits, has recently rapidly expanded its global range. The impacts of D. suzukii infestation and subsequent fruit damage in North America and Europe have been profound. The aim of the present work was to assess host selection of D. suzukii in the field and laboratory, with an emphasis on hosts commonly grown in the southeastern United States, where D. suzukii has been established since 2010.


RESULTS
Raspberries were infested at a greater rate than blackberries in the field, and varieties within both species were infested at different rates. Primocane-fruiting blackberries were often the least heavily infested. Further, blackberries and raspberries grown under high tunnels were infested at lower rates than those grown outside. Fruit and artificial substrates with a lower surface penetration force were more heavily infested than firmer substrates in the laboratory; no eggs were laid in artificial substrates exceeding 52.00 cN surface penetration force.


CONCLUSION
Infestation rates differ between species and varieties within species of Rubus in the southeastern United States. Fruit penetration force is one potential measure of host susceptibility, but host attractiveness will likely depend upon additional factors, such as soluble sugar content.}, number={10}, journal={PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE}, author={Burrack, Hannah J. and Fernandez, Gina E. and Spivey, Taylor and Kraus, Dylan A.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={1173–1180} }