@article{king_staicu_davis_reich_eder_2018, title={A functional data analysis of spatiotemporal trends and variation in fine particulate matter}, volume={184}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.001}, abstractNote={In this paper we illustrate the application of modern functional data analysis methods to study the spatiotemporal variability of particulate matter components across the United States. The approach models the pollutant annual profiles in a way that describes the dynamic behavior over time and space. This new technique allows us to predict yearly profiles for locations and years at which data are not available and also offers dimension reduction for easier visualization of the data. Additionally it allows us to study changes of pollutant levels annually or for a particular season. We apply our method to daily concentrations of two particular components of PM2.5 measured by two networks of monitoring sites across the United States from 2003 to 2015. Our analysis confirms existing findings and additionally reveals new trends in the change of the pollutants across seasons and years that may not be as easily determined from other common approaches such as Kriging.}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={King, Meredith C. and Staicu, Ana-Maria and Davis, Jerry M. and Reich, Brian J. and Eder, Brian}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={233–243} }
 @article{ghosh_bhave_davis_lee_2010, title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Total Nitrate Concentrations Using Dynamic Statistical Models}, volume={105}, ISSN={["1537-274X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956664127&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1198/jasa.2010.ap07441}, abstractNote={Atmospheric concentrations of total nitrate (TNO3), defined here as gas-phase nitric acid plus particle-phase nitrate, are difficult to simulate in numerical air quality models due to the presence of a variety of formation pathways and loss mechanisms, some of which are highly uncertain. The goal of this study is to estimate the relative importance of these different pathways across the Eastern United States by identifying empirical relationships that exist between TNO3 concentrations and a set of covariates (ammonium, sulfate, ozone, wind speed, relative humidity, and precipitation) measured from January 1997 to July 2004. We develop two dynamic statistical models to quantify these relationships. A major advantage of these models over typical linear regression models is that their regression coefficients can vary temporally. Results show that TNO3 is sensitive to ozone throughout the year, indicating an importance of daytime photochemical production of TNO3, especially in the Southeast. Sensitivity of TNO3 to residual ammonium (NH4+–2SO42−) is most pronounced during winter, indicating a seasonal importance of gas/particle partitioning that is accentuated in the Midwest. Using a number of physical and chemical explanations, confidence is established in the spatial and temporal patterns of several such empirical relationships. In the future, these relationships may be used quantitatively to improve our mechanistic understanding of TNO3 formation pathways and loss mechanisms in the atmosphere.}, number={490}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Ghosh, Sujit K. and Bhave, Prakash V. and Davis, Jerry M. and Lee, Hyeyoung}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={538–551} }
 @article{fuentes_chen_davis_2008, title={A class of nonseparable and nonstationary spatial temporal covariance functions}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1099-095X"]}, DOI={10.1002/env.891}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMETRICS}, author={Fuentes, Montserrat and Chen, Li and Davis, Jerry M.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={487–507} }
 @article{davis_bhave_foley_2008, title={Parameterization of N2O5 reaction probabilities on the surface of particles containing ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1680-7324"]}, DOI={10.5194/acp-8-5295-2008}, abstractNote={Abstract. A parameterization was developed for the heterogeneous reaction probability (γ) of N2O5 as a function of temperature, relative humidity (RH), particle composition, and phase state, for use in advanced air quality models. The reaction probabilities on aqueous NH4HSO4, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 were modeled statistically using data and uncertainty values compiled from seven different laboratory studies. A separate regression model was fit to laboratory data for dry NH4HSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 particles, yielding lower γ values than the corresponding aqueous parameterizations. The regression equations reproduced 80% of the laboratory data within a factor of two and 63% within a factor of 1.5. A fixed value was selected for γ on ice-containing particles based on a review of the literature. The combined parameterization was applied under atmospheric conditions representative of the eastern United States using 3-dimensional fields of temperature, RH, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. The resulting spatial distributions of γ were contrasted with three other parameterizations that have been applied in air quality models in the past and with atmospheric observational determinations of γ. Our equations lay the foundation for future research that will parameterize the suppression of γ when inorganic ammoniated particles are mixed or coated with organic material. Our analyses draw attention to a major uncertainty in the available laboratory data at high RH and highlight a critical need for future laboratory measurements of γ at low temperature and high RH to improve model simulations of N2O5 hydrolysis during wintertime conditions.
                    }, number={17}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS}, author={Davis, J. M. and Bhave, P. V. and Foley, K. M.}, year={2008}, pages={5295–5311} }
 @article{mccoy_davis_camper_khan_bharathi_2007, title={Influence of rhizome propagule size on yields and triterpene glycoside concentrations of black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L. syn Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nuttal]}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.42.1.61}, abstractNote={Black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L. syn. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nuttal] is a native North American medicinal plant traditionally harvested for its rhizomes and roots. Black cohosh products were listed in the top 10 selling herbal supplements from 2002 to 2005. As a result of increasing commercial demand, there is a need to develop propagation protocols suitable for production purposes to replace current methods of harvesting from wild populations. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine optimal rhizome propagule division size for successful regeneration, 2) analyze triterpene glycoside concentrations, 3) quantify survival rates after 3 years of production, and 4) evaluate net yield results. Experimental sites included a shade cloth structure in an agricultural research field, a shaded forest interior, and a shaded, disturbed forest edge. Plant emergence, growth, and survival were assessed at each site over a 3-year period. Optimal rhizome division size for propagation was a 10 to 30-g section originating from terminal rhizome portions. Rhizome survival averaged 97% among all treatments tested by year 3 at three sites. No differences in mean triterpene glycoside concentrations were detected between rhizome size classes or sites tested. Mean cimiracemoside concentrations ranged from 0.80 to 1.39 mg·g–1 d/w tissue, deoxyactein 0.47 to 0.92 mg·g–1, and actein 10.41 to 13.69 mg·g–1. No differences in triterpene levels were detected between flowering and nonflowering plants, nor were yields reduced. Net yields from a shade cloth production site were 9 and 17 times higher than a disturbed forest edge and forest site respectively. Black cohosh is a strong candidate for commercial propagation under adequate site selection.}, number={1}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={McCoy, Joe-Ann and Davis, Jeanine M. and Camper, N. Dwight and Khan, Ikhlas and Bharathi, Avula}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={61–64} }
 @article{davis_swall_2006, title={An examination of the CMAQ simulations of the wet deposition of ammonium from a Bayesian perspective}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.007}, abstractNote={The ability of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the wet deposition of ammonium during 8-week winter and summer periods in 2001 is evaluated using observations from the National Acid Deposition Program (NADP) monitoring sites. The objective of this study is to ascertain the effects of precipitation simulations and emissions on CMAQ simulations of deposition. In both seasons, CMAQ tends to underpredict the deposition amounts. Based on the co-located measurements of ammonium wet deposition and precipitation at the NADP sites and on estimated precipitation amounts for each grid cell, Bayesian statistical methods are used to estimate ammonium wet deposition over all grid cells in the study region. To assess the effect of precipitation on the CMAQ simulations, our statistical method is run twice for each time period, using the simulated precipitation information provided to CMAQ and precipitation estimates based on data collected by the cooperative observer network. During the winter period when stratiform-type precipitation dominates, precipitation amounts do not seem to be a major factor in CMAQ's ability to simulate the wet deposition of ammonium. However, during the summer period when precipitation is mainly generated by convective processes, small portions of the region are identified in which problems with precipitation simulations may be adversely affecting CMAQ's estimates.}, number={24}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Davis, Jerry M. and Swall, Jenise L.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={4562–4573} }
 @article{fuentes_song_ghosh_holland_davis_2006, title={Spatial association between speciated fine particles and mortality}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1541-0420"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33748768427&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00526.x}, abstractNote={Summary Particulate matter (PM) has been linked to a range of serious cardiovascular and respiratory health problems, including premature mortality. The main objective of our research is to quantify uncertainties about the impacts of fine PM exposure on mortality. We develop a multivariate spatial regression model for the estimation of the risk of mortality associated with fine PM and its components across all counties in the conterminous United States. We characterize different sources of uncertainty in the data and model the spatial structure of the mortality data and the speciated fine PM. We consider a flexible Bayesian hierarchical model for a space‐time series of counts (mortality) by constructing a likelihood‐based version of a generalized Poisson regression model that combines methods for point‐level misaligned data and change of support regression. Our results seem to suggest an increase by a factor of two in the risk of mortality due to fine particles with respect to coarse particles. Our study also shows that in the Western United States, the nitrate and crustal components of the speciated fine PM seem to have more impact on mortality than the other components. On the other hand, in the Eastern United States, sulfate and ammonium explain most of the fine PM effect.}, number={3}, journal={BIOMETRICS}, author={Fuentes, Montserrat and Song, Hae-Ryoung and Ghosh, Sujit K. and Holland, David M. and Davis, Jerry M.}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={855–863} }
 @article{flores_allen_cheshire_davis_fuentes_kelting_2006, title={Using multispectral satellite imagery to estimate leaf area and response to silvicultural treatments in loblolly pine stands}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0045-5067"]}, DOI={10.1139/X06-030}, abstractNote={ The relationship between leaf area index (LAI) of loblolly pine plantations and the broadband simple ratio (SR) vegetation index calculated from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data was examined. An equation was derived to estimate LAI from readily available Landsat 7 ETM+ data. The equation developed to predict LAI with Landsat 7 ETM+ data was tested with ground LAI measurements taken in 12 plots. The root mean square error of prediction was 0.29, an error of approximately 14% in prediction. The ability of Landsat 7 ETM+ data to consistently estimate SR over time was tested using two scenes acquired on different dates during the winter (December to early March). Comparison between the two images on a pixel-by-pixel basis showed that approximately 96% of the pixels had a difference of <0.5 units of SR (approximately 0.3 units of LAI). When the comparison was made on a stand-by-stand basis (average stand SR), a maximum difference of 0.2 units of SR (approximately 0.12 units of LAI) was found. These results suggest that stand LAI of loblolly pine plantations can be accurately estimated from readily available remote sensing data and provide an opportunity to apply the findings from ecophysiological studies in field plots to forest management decisions at an operational scale. }, number={6}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE}, author={Flores, FJ and Allen, HL and Cheshire, HM and Davis, JM and Fuentes, M and Kelting, D}, year={2006}, month={Jun}, pages={1587–1596} }
 @article{hanna_davis_2002, title={Evaluation of a photochemical grid model using estimates of concentration probability density functions}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00163-2}, abstractNote={A method for evaluating photochemical grid models based on the estimation of the probability density function (PDF) of the variations in ozone concentrations is described and demonstrated. It is assumed that the ozone concentration PDF is determined from 100 Monte Carlo uncertainty runs based on uncertainties in photochemical grid model input variables. The exercise involves the Urban Airshed Model with Variable grid (UAM-V) as applied to the July 1995 Ozone Transport Assessment Group episode in the eastern US. The focus is on the distribution of model residuals (observed concentration minus model-predicted ensemble mean concentration) for 66 ozone monitors on the OTAG domain. It is concluded that the distribution of observed model residuals is within the 95% range of expected uncertainty, suggesting that the model is performing adequately.}, number={11}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Hanna, SR and Davis, JM}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={1793–1798} }
 @article{hanna_davis_2001, title={Use of Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses to evaluate differences in observed and predicted ozone concentrations}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0957-4352"]}, DOI={10.1504/IJEP.2001.000608}, abstractNote={It is now possible to carry out Monte Carlo uncertainty studies with large photochemical grid models such as UAM-IV. The current study uses information on the effects of uncertainties in 109 input variables on UAM-IV model predictions of maximum daily one-hour averaged ozone concentrations at 29 monitoring sites in the New York City UAM domain for the 8 July 1988 ozone episode. Fifty Monte Carlo runs were made with the UAM-IV model making use of simple random sampling from assumed distributions for each input variable. The resulting sets of 50 predicted values of ozone concentration allowed Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs) to be determined for each site. These CDFs were typically log-normal with a standard deviation of about -10% or -20%. Note that these uncertainties are due only to uncertainties in input variables and do not include contributions due to errors in model physics or stochastic fluctuations. The Lewellen-Sykes-Parker (LSP) model evaluation methodology has been applied to the predictions of maximum daily one-hour averaged ozone concentrations at the 29 monitoring sites using the CDFs from the Monte Carlo study. The assumption is tested that the model prediction is correct, in the sense that the observations are not significantly different from the predictions. The hypothesis is tested that the Monte Carlo CDFs of predicted concentrations represent a set of 50 realisations from the population of observed concentrations. Therefore the Monte Carlo results were used to generate many possible realisations of CDFs of model residuals, i.e. observed minus predicted concentration, which were then compared with the actual CDF of model residuals at the 29 sites. It was found, as expected, that the single actual CDF line for the model residuals covered a slightly broader range (a standard deviation of about 20% compared to about 10%) than the 95% confidence intervals for the CDFs from the 50 Monte Carlo runs.}, number={1-6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION}, author={Hanna, SR and Davis, JM}, year={2001}, pages={80–87} }
 @article{smith_davis_sacks_speckman_styer_2000, title={Regression models for air pollution and daily mortality: analysis of data from Birmingham, Alabama}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1099-095X"]}, DOI={10.1002/1099-095X(200011/12)11:6<719::AID-ENV438>3.0.CO;2-U}, abstractNote={In recent years, a very large literature has built up on the human health effects of air pollution. Many studies have been based on time series analyses in which daily mortality counts, or some other measure such as hospital admissions, have been decomposed through regression analysis into contributions based on long-term trend and seasonality, meteorological effects, and air pollution. There has been a particular focus on particulate air pollution represented by PM10 (particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter 10 µm or less), though in recent years more attention has been given to very small particles of diameter 2.5 µm or less. Most of the existing data studies, however, are based on PM10 because of the wide availability of monitoring data for this variable. The persistence of the resulting effects across many different studies is widely cited as evidence that this is not mere statistical association, but indeed establishes a causal relationship. These studies have been cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as justification for a tightening on particulate matter standards in the 1997 revision of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), which is the basis for air pollution regulation in the United States. 
 
 
 
The purpose of the present paper is to propose a systematic approach to the regression analyses that are central to this kind of research. We argue that the results may depend on a number of ad hoc features of the analysis, including which meteorological variables to adjust for, and the manner in which different lagged values of particulate matter are combined into a single ‘exposure measure’. We also examine the question of whether the effects are linear or nonlinear, with particular attention to the possibility of a ‘threshold effect’, i.e. that significant effects occur only above some threshold. 
 
 
 
These points are illustrated with a data set from Birmingham, Alabama, first cited by Schwartz (1993, American Journal of Epidemiology137: 1136 – 1147) and since extensively re-analyzed. For this data set, we find that the results are sensitive to whether humidity is included along with temperature as a meteorological variable, and to the definition of the exposure measure. We also find evidence of a threshold effect, with the greatest increase in mortality occurring above 50 µg/m3, which is the long-term average level permitted by the current NAAQS. Thus, on the basis of this data set, the need for a tighter NAAQS is not established. 
 
 
 
Although this particular analysis is focussed just on one data set, the issues it raises are typical in this area of research. We do not dispute that there is a reasonable level of evidence linking atmospheric particulate matter with adverse health outcomes even within the levels permitted by current regulations. However, the impression has been created by some of the published literature that such associations are overwhelmingly supported by epidemiological research. Our viewpoint is that the statistical analyses allow different interpretations, and that the case for tighter regulations cannot be based solely on studies of this nature. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={6}, journal={ENVIRONMETRICS}, author={Smith, RL and Davis, JM and Sacks, J and Speckman, P and Styer, P}, year={2000}, pages={719–743} }
 @article{davis_speckman_1999, title={A model for predicting maximum and 8 h average ozone in Houston}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1352-2310"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00320-3}, abstractNote={The objective of this research was to develop a statistical model to predict one day in advance both the maximum and 8 h (10 am–5 pm) average ozone for Houston (TX). A loess/generalized additive model (GAM) approach was taken to model development. Ozone data (1983–1991) from ten stations in the immediate Houston area were used in the study. The meteorological data came from the Houston International Airport. The models were developed using data for April through October for 1983–1987 and 1989–1990. Forecasts were developed for 1988 and 1991. The final model, which was multiplicative in nature, contained three interaction terms for the west/east and south/north wind components (average of hourly values from 8 pm to 5 am, 6 am to 9 am, and 10 am to 5 pm). Opaque cloud cover (averaged over the period 10 am to 5 pm), yesterday’s maximum ozone, today’s maximum temperature and morning mixing depth were also important variables in the model. Individual forecasts were generated for all ten stations in the Houston area using observed meteorology. In addition forecasts were produced for three measures of the network as a whole. The root-mean-square prediction error for the 8 h average forecasts ranged from 13.2 to 16.3 ppb (with R2 ranging from 0.66 to 0.73) for the individual stations and from 18.5 to 22.0 ppb (with R2 ranging from 0.61 to 0.68) for maximum ozone. A detailed examination was undertaken for a day on which the forecast was much too low.}, number={16}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Davis, JM and Speckman, P}, year={1999}, month={Jul}, pages={2487–2500} }
 @inbook{smith_davis_speckman_1999, title={Assessing the human health risk of atmospheric particles}, volume={220}, DOI={10.1002/9780470515600.ch4}, abstractNote={The health implications of atmospheric particulate matter have become a topic of much interest on both sides of the Atlantic, but especially in the USA, where they were at the centre of the debate over the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) revision of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard in 1997. Much of this debate revolves around claims that particulate matter (usually represented by PM10) in the atmosphere directly influences mortality, hospital admissions with respiratory diseases, and so on. In this paper, we take a critical look at one of these issues, the influence of PM10 on deaths in the elderly population. Two data sets are considered, one from Birmingham (Alabama) and the other from Chicago. In both cases we find a significant PM10-mortality relationship in some of the models fitted, but not in others. Other issues considered include the existence of a threshold below which PM10 has no discernible influence, the interaction with other pollutants and the mortality displacement or harvesting effect (the theory that the direct effect of PM10 is limited to a very small subset of the population who are already critically ill and whose death is only advanced by a few hours or days as a result of air pollution). Overall, our conclusion is that there are too many uncertain issues to allow us to make definitive statements about a causal relationship between PM10 and mortality.}, booktitle={Environmental statistics: Analysing data for environmental policy}, publisher={Chichester; New York: Wiley}, author={Smith, R. L. and Davis, J. M. and Speckman, P.}, year={1999}, pages={59–79} }
 @article{davis_1999, title={Forest production of goldenseal}, number={16}, journal={Agroforestry Notes}, publisher={USDA National Agroforestry Center (NAC)}, author={Davis, J. M.}, year={1999}, pages={4} }
 @inbook{smith_davis_speckman_1998, title={Airborne particles and mortality}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4612-2226-2_6}, abstractNote={In London in December 1952, a combination of adverse weather conditions and soot in the atmosphere produced one of the most lethal smogs in history, resulting in thousands of deaths. Similar events had occurred earlier in the Meuse Valley in Belgium in 1930, and in Donora, Pennsylvania in 1948. They focused attention on the need to avoid excessive levels of soot in the atmosphere. In Britain, the Clean Air Act of 1956, which, among other things, placed severe restrictions on the use of coal for home heating, resulted in a tenfold reduction in soot levels in London by the late 1960s. In the United States, the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the passing of successive Clean Air Acts by Congress led to the enforcement of air pollution standards which have laid down strict controls on levels of ozone and particulate matter in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, a series of studies since the late 1980s have suggested that current standards are by no means strict enough. The New York Times (July 19, 1993) reported that up to 60,000 people a year are dying prematurely in the United States as a result of particulate matter pollution which for the most part lies within current EPA standards. A similar calculation in the British science magazine The New Scientist (March 12, 1994) concluded that 10,000 people die prematurely each year in England and Wales, as a result of atmospheric particulates. Such reports, backed up by many papers in the scientific literature, naturally led to calls for action, and in November 1996, the EPA issued new draft standards for ozone and particulate matter.}, booktitle={Case studies in environmental statistics}, publisher={New York: Springer}, author={Smith, R. L. and Davis, J. M. and Speckman, P.}, editor={D. Nychka, W. W. Piegorsch and Cox, L. H.Editors}, year={1998} }
 @inbook{davis_eder_bloomfield_1998, title={Modeling ozone in the Chicago urban areas}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4612-2226-2_2}, abstractNote={Ozone (O3) is a ubiquitous trace gas in the atmosphere. Its highest concentration is in the stratosphere, where it shields the earth’s surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation. At the surface, however, ozone is itself harmful, with destructive impacts on materials, crops, and health. Its levels have been high enough in certain areas to be of concern for several decades.}, booktitle={Case studies in environmental statistics}, publisher={New York: Springer}, author={Davis, J. M. and Eder, B. K. and Bloomfield, P.}, editor={D. Nychka, W. W. Piegorsch and Cox, L. H.Editors}, year={1998}, pages={5–26} }
 @inbook{davis_eder_bloomfield_1998, title={Regional and temporal models for ozone along the Gulf Coast}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4612-2226-2_3}, abstractNote={The studies described in the previous chapter focused on estimating trends in a daily ozone summary having adjusted for the relationship of surface ozone concentrations to meteorology. Moreover, the analysis was largely restricted to the Chicago urban area. This chapter contrasts this narrow scope by studies that:}, booktitle={Case studies in environmental statistics}, publisher={New York: Springer}, author={Davis, J. M. and Eder, B. K. and Bloomfield, P.}, editor={D. Nychka, W. W. Piegorsch and Cox, L. H.Editors}, year={1998}, pages={27–50} }
 @article{davis_eisner_wiener_main_1997, title={A flow visualization study of spore release using a wind tunnel-mounted laser light sheet}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0191-2917"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.9.1057}, abstractNote={A phase Doppler anemometry system in combination with a laser light sheet was used in a low-speed recirculating wind tunnel to examine the flow field around an individual leaf. Turbulence similar to that encountered near the surface of the earth in a neutral stability boundary layer was generated using a grid at the upwind end of the wind tunnel test section. Individual healthy and diseased plant leaves were introduced into the tunnel with the leaf tip pointing downwind. The Mie-scattered radiation from the spores departing the diseased leaf was captured on videotape. Image processing software was used to enhance the visual quality of the individual frames from the videotape and to make spore velocity calculations. Three main vortex regions around the leaf were identified. The importance of these regions to the separation of the spores from the leaf surface and their subsequent downwind movement was analyzed.}, number={9}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Davis, JM and Eisner, AD and Wiener, RW and Main, CE}, year={1997}, month={Sep}, pages={1057–1065} }
 @article{yao_arya_davis_main_1997, title={A numerical model of the transport and diffusion of Peronospora tabacina spores in the evolving atmospheric boundary layer}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1352-2310"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00181-1}, abstractNote={Abstract Numerical solutions of the diffusion equation of Peronospora tabacina spores from a finite-area source over flat terrain in the evolving convective boundary layer are presented. Temporal variations in the release of spores, atmospheric stability, wind speed, and eddy diffusivity are considered. The model also includes the vertical variations of wind and eddy diffusivity. The model results indicate that ground level concentrations decrease with time as wind speed and eddy diffusivity increase in the evolving convective boundary layer. The loss of P. tabacina spores due to deposition at the surface also decrease with increasing instability and wind speed. Deposition is found to be particularly important close to the source area.}, number={11}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Yao, CG and Arya, SP and Davis, J and Main, CE}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={1709–1714} }
 @inproceedings{eder_davis_nychka_1997, title={The impact of meteorology on ozone in Huston}, booktitle={EPA/A&WMA International Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants (1992 May 4-9: Durham, N.C.) Measurement of toxic and related air pollutants: Proceedings of the 1992 EPA/A&WMA International Symposium}, publisher={Pittsburgh, Pa.: A&WMA}, author={Eder, B. K. and Davis, J. M. and Nychka, D.}, year={1997}, pages={204–214} }
 @article{davis_bruck_runion_mowry_1983, title={AN ASPIRATION SYSTEM FOR METEOROLOGICAL SENSORS USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL-STUDIES}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0031-949X"]}, DOI={10.1094/Phyto-73-1246}, abstractNote={Description d'un systeme d'aspiration pour capteurs meteorologiques. Application a l'etude des conditions de milieu sur la rouille du pin}, number={9}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={DAVIS, JM and BRUCK, RI and RUNION, GB and MOWRY, FL}, year={1983}, pages={1246–1249} }
 @article{davis_main_bruck_1981, title={An analysis of weather during the blue mold epidemic of 1980}, volume={65}, DOI={10.1094/PD-65-508}, journal={Plant Disease}, author={Davis, J. M. and Main, C. E. and Bruck, R. I.}, year={1981}, pages={508–512} }