@article{fei_freeman_hinks_2020, title={Toward closed loop recycling of polyester fabric: Step 1. decolorization using sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate}, volume={254}, ISBN={1879-1786}, DOI={10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120027}, abstractNote={Although polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers comprise the largest single fiber type used in the global textile community, recycling of dyed PET-based fabric is limited, resulting in the disposal of considerable amounts of PET fabric in landfills every year. Because PET does not readily biodegrade, interest in recycling some or all of the dyed textiles derived from this substrate is of interest. A step toward achieving this vision was investigated in this study, namely the development of an effective decolorization process. In this study, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (SFS) was employed to decolorize disperse dyes developed for PET and it was found effective for decolorizing C.I. Disperse Yellow 42, C.I. Disperse Orange 30, and C.I. Disperse Blue 56 in water/acetone media and the process was extended to the decolorization of dyed PET fabric. An optimized combination of treatment time (30 min), water to acetone ratio (1:2), SFS concentration (10 g/L), temperature (100 °C), and liquor ratio (50/1) was found to give good color removal for a range of well-known and widely used disperse dye types. Fabric strength assessments were also investigated and it was found that SFS decolorization had no influence on PET strength, as judged by intrinsic viscosity and bursting strength measurements. It was also found that the acetone component of the decolorization medium could be recovered and reused.}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION}, author={Fei, Xiuzhu and Freeman, Harold S. and Hinks, David}, year={2020} }
 @article{yu_shao_sun_xu_hinks_2017, title={Pilot-plant investigation on low-temperature bleaching of cotton fabric with TBCC-activated peroxide system}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-017-1276-z}, number={6}, journal={CELLULOSE}, author={Yu, Jiao and Shao, Dongyan and Sun, Chang and Xu, Changhai and Hinks, David}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={2647–2655} }
 @article{fu_farrell_hauser_hinks_jasper_ankeny_2017, title={Real-time dyebath monitoring of reactive dyeing on cationized cotton for levelness control: part 2-effects of leveling agents and dye dosing}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-017-1291-0}, number={7}, journal={CELLULOSE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Fu, Sha and Farrell, Matthew J. and Hauser, Peter J. and Hinks, David and Jasper, Warren J. and Ankeny, Mary A.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={3061–3071} }
 @article{kuenemann_szymczyk_chen_sultana_hinks_freeman_williams_fourches_vinueza_2017, title={Weaver's historic accessible collection of synthetic dyes: a cheminformatics analysis}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2041-6539"]}, DOI={10.1039/c7sc00567a}, abstractNote={The Max Weaver Dye Library is presented to the scientific community with a cheminformatics approach to enhance research opportunities with this unique collection of ∼98 000 vials of custom-made dyes.}, number={6}, journal={CHEMICAL SCIENCE}, author={Kuenemann, Melaine A. and Szymczyk, Malgorzata and Chen, Yufei and Sultana, Nadia and Hinks, David and Freeman, Harold S. and Williams, Antony J. and Fourches, Denis and Vinueza, Nelson R.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={4334–4339} }
 @article{zhou_beck_hinks_crawford_blake_2016, title={Advancing the Forensic Analysis of Dyed Fibers by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2330-5517"]}, DOI={10.14504/ajr.3.2.4}, abstractNote={Dyed fibers are commonly obtained as trace evidence at crime scenes. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) has potential to substantially advance forensic dyed fiber analysis by providing “exact mass” data of dyes and other chemicals present in dyed fibers. Data from two approaches to using TOF MS for accurately identifying the molecular formula of dyes are reported. One involves extraction of dye from 100 μg or less of fiber followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-TOF MS) analysis. The other is time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric (TOF SIMS) analysis of the surface and cross sections of dyed fibers without extraction. Both approaches can clearly identify commercially important dyes applied to polyester fibers. Key Terms Acid Dyes, Disperse Dyes, Forensics, HPLC, Mass Spectrometry, Polyester, SIMS, TOF}, number={2}, journal={AATCC JOURNAL OF RESEARCH}, author={Zhou, Chuanzhen and Beck, Keith R. and Hinks, David and Crawford, Anne and Blake, Samantha}, year={2016}, pages={25–32} }
 @article{li_fang_xu_hinks_2016, title={Image-Based Analysis of Seed Coat Fragments in Cotton Fabrics}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2330-5517"]}, DOI={10.14504/ajr.3.1.3}, abstractNote={Seed coat fragments (SCFs) in cotton fabrics are defects that negatively impact the value and quality of cotton if they are visible. The ability to accurately and rapidly count SCFs is important to efficient quality control and for research into improved cotton wet processing. Innovative scouring/bleaching using N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride (TBBC) under neutral conditions produces satisfactory whiteness, but inferior performance in SCF removal. In this study, an image-based program was developed to quantitatively analyze SCFs based on their appearance on bleached cotton fabrics. With optimized thresholds, the program was capable of counting SCFs in fabric images semi-automatically, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.7% and an accuracy of 94.1%. Compared to the conventional method, image-based counting gave high accuracy and sensitivity.}, number={1}, journal={AATCC JOURNAL OF RESEARCH}, author={Li, Min and Fang, Gang and Xu, Changhai and Hinks, David}, year={2016} }
 @article{fu_farrell_hauser_hinks_jasper_ankeny_2016, title={Real-time dyebath monitoring of reactive dyeing on cationized cotton for levelness control: part 1-influence of dye structure, temperature, and addition of soda ash}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-016-1008-9}, number={5}, journal={CELLULOSE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Fu, Sha and Farrell, Matthew J. and Hauser, Peter J. and Hinks, David and Jasper, Warren J. and Ankeny, Mary A.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={3319–3330} }
 @article{wang_umbuzeiro_vendemiatti_de oliveira_vacchi_hussain_hauser_freeman_hinks_2017, title={Synthesis, Characterization, and Toxicological Properties of New Cationic Bleach Activators}, volume={20}, ISSN={1097-3958 1558-9293}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S11743-016-1899-3}, DOI={10.1007/S11743-016-1899-3}, abstractNote={AbstractThree new bleach activators for cotton containing pyridinium (PBBC), nicotinamido (NABBC), and 3‐methylpyridinium (3‐PBBC) cationic groups were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and HPLC–mass spectrometry. They were then applied to cotton fabric in a bleaching process and evaluated for their performance against the prototype N‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride (TBBC) at a relatively low bleaching temperature (55 °C) and pH 8.5. Measurement of Commission internationale de l’éclairage (International Commission on Illumination) (CIE) whiteness index (WI) values showed that PBBC (WI = 64), NABBC (WI = 58), and 3‐PBBC (WI = 71) impart a significant increase in CIE whiteness compared to a control sample (WI = 40). Among the three new activators, 3‐PBBC exhibited the best performance. Its WI was comparable to that of fabric bleached using the prototype bleach activator TBBC. The acute toxicity of TBBC and the new bleach activators was evaluated using the microcrustacean Daphnia similis. The chronic toxicity of TBBC and 3‐PBBC was evaluated using the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, and mutagenicity was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay using the strain TA100. 3‐PBBC was 86 times less toxic to D. similis, 18 times less toxic to R. subcapitata, and 10 times less mutagenic to TA100 in comparison with TBBC.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Surfactants and Detergents}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wang, Guan and Umbuzeiro, Gisela de Aragão and Vendemiatti, Josiane Aparecida and de Oliveira, Adria Caloto and Vacchi, Francine Inforçato and Hussain, Maqbool and Hauser, Peter J. and Freeman, Harold S. and Hinks, David}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={277–285} }
 @article{el-shafei_hinks_boyle_freeman_2015, title={Characterization of non-genotoxic diarylides using experimental and molecular orbital methods}, volume={121}, ISSN={["1873-3743"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84930664076&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.04.036}, abstractNote={The synthesis of colorants from non-genotoxic benzidine analogs such as 3,3′-dipropoxybenzidine and 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5ʹ-dipropoxybenzidine led to diarylides having atypical physical and chemical properties. For instance, the products obtained from coupling these diamines with acetoacetanilide and acetoacet-p-chloroanilide produced diarylides behaving more like dyes than pigments and thus had significantly lower photostability. In addition, unlike the well-known and widely used commercial diarylide pigments (e.g. CI Pigment Yellow 12) the present compounds had solubility, albeit low, in CHCl3 and CH2Cl2. To account for these observations, the diarylides in our study were characterized using single crystal X-ray crystallography whereupon it was found that they possess varying levels of twist about the biphenyl moiety, impacting the way they pack in the crystal state. The visible spectra for the diarylides were measured in the solid state and in solution, and a 12 nm higher λmax was observed in the solid state for the diarylide derived from 3,3′-dipropoxybenzidine and acetoacetanilde. To account for this λmax change, molecular conformations were probed by 2D dynamic VT-NMR (25–60 °C) in solution using homonuclear 2D-NMR (COSY, COSY-LR, and ROESY), which revealed a single conformation with a torsion angle (θ) across the biphenyl linkage of 56° in solution. The correlation of these results with λmax values for this system is presented.}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={El-Shafei, Ahmed and Hinks, David and Boyle, Paul D. and Freeman, Harold S.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={128–137} }
 @article{xu_hinks_sun_wei_2015, title={Establishment of an activated peroxide system for low-temperature cotton bleaching using N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride}, volume={119}, ISSN={["1879-1344"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.054}, abstractNote={Cotton bleaching is traditionally carried out in strongly alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at temperatures close to the boil. Such harsh processing conditions can result in extensive water and energy consumptions as well as severe chemical damage to textiles. In this study, an activated peroxide system was established for low-temperature cotton bleaching by incorporating a bleach activator, namely N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride (TBBC) into an aqueous H2O2 solution. Experimental results showed that the TBBC-activated peroxide system exhibited the most effective bleaching performance in a pH range of 6–8 which could be approximated by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). The TBBC/H2O2/NaHCO3 system led to rapid bleaching of cotton at a temperature as low as 50 °C. In comparison with the hot alkaline peroxide bleaching system, the TBBC/H2O2/NaHCO3 system provided cotton fabric with an equivalent degree of whiteness, higher degree of polymerization, and slightly lower water absorbency. The new activated peroxide system may provide a more environmentally benign approach to cotton bleaching.}, journal={CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS}, author={Xu, Changhai and Hinks, David and Sun, Chang and Wei, Qufu}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={71–77} }
 @article{zhang_shen_pasquinelli_hinks_tonelli_2015, title={Formation and characterization of an inclusion complex of triphenyl phosphate and β-cyclodextrin and its use as a flame retardant for polyethylene terephthalate}, volume={120}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84937944788&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.014}, abstractNote={Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is widely used as a flame retardant (FR). However, recent studies have indicated that FRs like TPP can be detected in household dust and wildlife and could contribute to obesity and osteoporosis in humans. We hypothesize that the formation of an inclusion complex (IC) between TPP and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) will reduce its toxicological effects, while retaining the flame retarding properties of TPP, since the formation of FR-CD-ICs is expected to eliminate unnecessary loss of FRs, especially volatile FR compounds like TPP, and release them only during a fire when they are actually needed. After creating the TPP-β-CD-IC, we applied it to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films by a hot press technique. Untreated PET films, as well as PET films embedded with uncomplexed β-CD and TPP, were prepared in the same way and had comparable thicknesses. Flame tests were conducted for all film samples by following a modified ASTM D 6413 standard. TPP-β-CD-IC exhibited flame resistant performance matching that of neat TPP, even though much less TPP was contained in its β-CD-IC. Incorporation of FRs and other chemical additives into textile substrates in the form of their crystalline CD-ICs is a promising way to reduce the exposure of hazardous chemicals to humans and to our environment while not impacting their efficacy.}, journal={Polymer Degradation and Stability}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, Nanshan and Shen, Jialong and Pasquinelli, Melissa A. and Hinks, David and Tonelli, Alan E.}, year={2015}, pages={244–250} }
 @article{barker_bernard_hinks_liston_jones_singleton_2014, title={Factors Affecting Human Tactile Response to Wash-Treated Garments: Analysis of Fabric and Garment Effects in Dynamic Wear}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2330-5517"]}, DOI={10.14504/ajr.1.1.3}, abstractNote={This paper describes studies conducted to understand how a selected group of blouse materials contributed to tactile sensations on the human body during active wear; and to determine how the response was affected through wash treatment. Human subject hand evaluations and controlled garment wear studies were used to quantify subjective response to the tactile properties of materials that had been washed, starched, or softened. Fabric hand was analyzed using paired comparison and bipolar hand evaluation protocols. A novel human subject wear protocol was developed to assess material interactions with body location in dynamic wear. This study also shows how different protocols for subjectively evaluating tactile response were correlated in fabrics and garments that were deliberately washed, softened, or starched to achieve different levels of softness or stiffness.}, number={1}, journal={AATCC JOURNAL OF RESEARCH}, author={Barker, Roger and Bernard, Andrew and Hinks, David and Liston, Gail and Jones, Christopher and Singleton, Stephen}, year={2014}, pages={13–23} }
 @article{fadda_el-mekawy_el-shafei_freeman_hinks_el-fedawy_2013, title={Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Screening of Novel Porphyrin Derivatives}, volume={2013}, ISSN={["2090-9071"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874820709&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1155/2013/340230}, abstractNote={A series of porphyrin derivatives 2a–f was synthesized, namely, 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[p-methoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2a), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[2,6-dichloro-phenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2b), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2c), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2d), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[2,4-dichlorophenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2e), and 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2f), in high yields using a new method via a capping mechanism. These dyes were used as a model to study the free radical-induced damage of biological membranes and the protective effects of these porphyrins. It was demonstrated that these dyes were effective in the inhibition of the free radical-induced oxidative haemolysis of rat blood cells. Dyes 2d and 2f which bear methoxy functionality exhibited markedly higher antihaemolysis activity than the other analogs. Molecular modeling methods using ZINDO/INDO-1, with a configuration interaction of 26, and TD-DFT using the energy functional B3LYP and the basis set DGTZVP were used to study the vertical electronic excitations of porphyrins 2a–f and it was shown that the calculated using TD-DFT method was in excellent agreement with the experimental results, while the ZINDO method was inferior. Moreover, excellent correlation between the LUMO energy and cytotoxicity of dyes 2a–f was found.}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY}, author={Fadda, Ahmed A. and El-Mekawy, Rasha E. and El-Shafei, Ahmed and Freeman, Harold S. and Hinks, David and El-Fedawy, Andmanal}, year={2013} }
 @article{fu_hinks_hauser_ankeny_2013, title={High efficiency ultra-deep dyeing of cotton via mercerization and cationization}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-013-0081-6}, number={6}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Fu, S. and Hinks, D. and Hauser, P. and Ankeny, M.}, year={2013}, pages={3101–3110} }
 @article{xu_shamey_hinks_el-shafei_2012, title={Cotton bleaching optimization using a butyrolactam-based cationic bleach activator}, volume={12}, number={1}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Xu, C. H. and Shamey, R. and Hinks, D. and El-Shafei, A.}, year={2012}, pages={66–70} }
 @article{cochran_barry_muddiman_hinks_2013, title={Direct Analysis of Textile Fabrics and Dyes Using Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry}, volume={85}, ISSN={["0003-2700"]}, DOI={10.1021/ac302519n}, abstractNote={The forensic analysis of textile fibers uses a variety of techniques from microscopy to spectroscopy. One such technique that is often used to identify the dye(s) within the fiber is mass spectrometry (MS). In the traditional MS method, the dye must be extracted from the fabric and the dye components are separated by chromatography prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Direct analysis of the dye from the fabric allows the omission of the lengthy sample preparation involved in extraction, thereby significantly reducing the overall analysis time. Herein, a direct analysis of dyed textile fabric was performed using the infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) source for MS. In MALDESI, an IR laser with wavelength tuned to 2.94 μm is used to desorb the dye from the fabric sample with the aid of water as the matrix. The desorbed dye molecules are then postionized by electrospray ionization (ESI). A variety of dye classes were analyzed from various fabrics with little to no sample preparation allowing for the identification of the dye mass and in some cases the fiber polymer. Those dyes that were not detected using MALDESI were also not observed by direct infusion ESI of the dye standard.}, number={2}, journal={ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Cochran, Kristin H. and Barry, Jeremy A. and Muddiman, David C. and Hinks, David}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={831–836} }
 @article{lin_shamey_hinks_2012, title={Factors affecting the whiteness of optically brightened material}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1520-8532"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84869782509&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1364/josaa.29.002289}, abstractNote={The whiteness of fluorescent white materials is in part due to the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light and subsequent emission of visible blue light. The UV content of light sources in viewing booths and in spectrophotometers can thus significantly affect the perceived whiteness (PW) and measured sum of reflected and emitted light of fluorescent materials. The effect of UV content on the spectral radiance factor of fluorescent white materials containing different amounts of a fluorescent brightening agent and the subsequent assessment of their PW were evaluated. The UV content of sources in two calibrated viewing booths that simulated D65 and D75 illuminants, separately, was changed by selectively blocking UV emission of the source by approximately 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The radiance spectra of a series of white fabrics were also obtained using a reflectance spectrophotometer at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% UV transmittance. The CIE and Uchida whiteness indices (WIs) were calculated for white samples and compared to perceptual results under varying illumination and UV conditions. Results indicate relatively modest agreement between perceptual assessments of fluorescent samples and whiteness metrics examined. Results also show that when the UV content of sources used in the viewing booths is adjusted to be similar to that used in measurements, improved correlations between perceptual and calculated results are obtained. The CIE WI was found to outperform the Uchida index under both sources.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION}, author={Lin, Juan and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={2289–2299} }
 @article{hussain_shamey_hinks_el-shafei_ali_2012, title={Synthesis of novel stilbene-alkoxysilane fluorescent brighteners, and their performance on cotton fiber as fluorescent brightening and ultraviolet absorbing agents}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1873-3743"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80053923377&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.06.034}, abstractNote={Two novel fluorescent brightening agents (compounds 3a–b shown in Figure 1) were synthesized, using a facile three-step synthetic route, from 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-disulfonic-stilbene, cyanuric chloride, and a readily cross-linkable 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane. The products contain hydrolytically active trimethoxysilyl, (–Si(OCH)3), functional groups that readily hydrolyze in the presence of water, and subsequently generate a water insoluble silicon cross-linked-network (Si–O–Si) via a condensation process. The cross-linked product hydrolyzes on treatment with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to silanols (–Si(OH)3) to form compounds 4a–b which are readily water soluble and produce a clear fluorescent solution. The silanol forms of compounds 4a–b were used for further characterization and performance evaluation. The structures of compounds 4a–b were characterized by 1H-NMR, Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and negative electrospray ionization mass (−ESI-MS) spectroscopy. Compounds were applied to cotton fiber as fluorescent brightening agents and their performance was evaluated by measuring the degree of whiteness, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), fluorescence and acid fastness. Results showed that application of 0.25% (o.w.f) of compounds 4a–b impart a high degree of whiteness (CIE WI = 144, 139) as well as good ultraviolet protection factor (UPF = 29, 27) on cotton fiber exhibiting a significant increase in whiteness and UV blocking properties compared to untreated substrate (CIE WI = 81, UPF = 5). Acid fastness tests of both compounds showed a slight change in fluorescence emission intensities as a function of pH. In acidic solutions, a shift in emission maximum occurs at pH 3 from 434 to 453 nm and from 435 to 457 nm, due to the protonation of amino and sulfonic groups of stilbene fluorophore which substantially reduces the quenching process.}, number={3}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Hussain, Maqbool and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David and El-Shafei, Ahmed and Ali, Syed Ishrat}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={1231–1240} }
 @article{haslup_shamey_hinks_2013, title={The Effect of Hue on the Perception of Blackness Using Munsell Samples}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1520-6378"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84860215230&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/col.21744}, abstractNote={Although black is an important color, the perception of black objects has not been systematically examined. The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of hue on the perception of preferred blackness. A set of 20 glossy low chroma Munsell sheets were purchased comprising a complete hue circle with a value and chroma of two and one, respectively (L* = 19.3–20.75, and C* = 3.66–6.58). The Munsell samples were divided into two interleaved groups: (5R, 5YR, 5Y, 5GY, 5G, 5BG, 5B, 5PB, 5P, and 5RP) and (10R, 10YR, 10Y, 10GY, 10G, 10BG, 10B, 10PB, 10P, and 10RP). Fifty color‐normal observers force‐ranked the two sets of 10 samples from “most like black” to “least like black.” Observers then assessed a set of six samples that represented the three samples from each set of 10 that the observer chose to be “most like black.” The 50 observers were found to have fairly good autoconcordance and concordance values. In repeat experiments observers agreed with themselves in 81% of the pairwise decisions, and they agreed with the grand mean rank 76% of the time. The blue–green samples (with Munsell hue notations 10G, 5BG, and 10BG) were most selected (and were considered blackest), followed by green, blue, and purple–blue. The samples selected the fewest times by any observer as being most black were the red samples. The grand mean rankings demonstrate that greenish to bluish blacks are perceived by the observers as “blacker” than yellowish and reddish blacks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 423–428, 2013}, number={6}, journal={COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION}, author={Haslup, J. Reid Clonts and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={423–428} }
 @article{zhou_li_garcia_crawford_beck_hinks_griffis_2012, title={Time-of-Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Method Development for High-Sensitivity Analysis of Acid Dyes in Nylon Fibers}, volume={84}, ISSN={["1520-6882"]}, DOI={10.1021/ac3025569}, abstractNote={A minimally destructive technique for the determination of dyes in finished fibers provides an important tool for crime scene and other forensic investigations. The analytical power and the minimal sample consumption of time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometric (TOF-SIMS) analysis provides the ability to obtain definitive molecular and elemental information relevant to fiber identification, including identification of dyes, from a very small volume of sample. For both fiber surface analysis and, with the aid of cryomicrotomy, fiber cross-section analysis, TOF-SIMS was used to identify various dyes in finished textile fibers. The analysis of C.I. Acid Blue 25 in nylon is presented as a representative example. The molecular ion of C.I. Acid Blue 25 with lower than 3% on weight-of-fiber (owf) dye loading cannot be identified on dyed nylon surfaces by TOF-SIMS using a Bi(3)(+) primary ion beam. Sputtering with C(60)(+) provided the ability to remove surface contamination as well as at least partially remove Bi-induced damage, resulting in a greatly improved signal-to-noise ratio for the Acid Blue 25 molecular ion. The use of C(60)(+) for damage removal in a cyclic manner along with Bi for data acquisition provided the ability to unambiguously identify Acid Blue 25 via its molecular ion at a concentration of 0.1% owf from both fiber surfaces and cross sections.}, number={22}, journal={ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Zhou, Chuanzhen and Li, Min and Garcia, Roberto and Crawford, Anne and Beck, Keith and Hinks, David and Griffis, Dieter P.}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={10085–10090} }
 @article{xu_hinks_shamey_2011, title={Development of a novel bleaching process for cotton}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Xu, C. H. and Hinks, D. and Shamey, R.}, year={2011}, pages={73–77} }
 @article{melgosa_garcia_gomez-robledo_shamey_hinks_cui_luo_2011, title={Notes on the application of the standardized residual sum of squares index for the assessment of intra- and inter-observer variability in color-difference experiments}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1520-8532"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79958866007&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1364/josaa.28.000949}, abstractNote={The standardized residual sum of squares index was proposed to examine the significant merit of a given color-difference formula over another with respect to a given set of visual color-difference data [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 1823-1829, 2007]. This index can also be employed to determine intra- and inter-observer variability, although the full complexity of this variability cannot be described by just one number. Appropriate utilization of the standardized residual sum of squares index for the assessment of observer variability is described with a view to encourage its use in future color-difference research. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate that setting the F parameters of the standardized residual sum of squares index to 1 results in a loss of essential properties of the index (for example, symmetry), and is therefore strongly discouraged.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION}, author={Melgosa, Manuel and Garcia, Pedro A. and Gomez-Robledo, Luis and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David and Cui, Guihua and Luo, M. Ronnier}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={949–953} }
 @misc{hinks_shamey_2011, title={Review of retail store lighting: implications for colour control of products}, volume={127}, ISSN={["1478-4408"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79952460926&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2011.00286.x}, abstractNote={Lighting variables directly impact all areas of colour science. Lighting is of critical concern to the effective and consistent control of the perceived colour of all products. It is therefore important that all stakeholders involved in managing a commercial supply chain, including product design, colour standards development, manufacture and point of sale, work to understand and control the lighting environment during each stage of a product’s life cycle. New examples of lighting variability in a small and large US retail chain store are presented to illustrate key concepts. Some of the recent published work on retail lighting is reviewed, as well as some of the likely future directions of retail lighting in terms of environmental and technology development.}, number={2}, journal={COLORATION TECHNOLOGY}, author={Hinks, David and Shamey, Renzo}, year={2011}, pages={121–128} }
 @article{blake_walker_muddiman_hinks_beck_2011, title={Spectral Accuracy and Sulfur Counting Capabilities of the LTQ-FT-ICR and the LTQ-Orbitrap XL for Small Molecule Analysis}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1044-0305"]}, DOI={10.1007/s13361-011-0244-3}, abstractNote={Color Index Disperse Yellow 42 (DY42), a high-volume disperse dye for polyester, was used to compare the capabilities of the LTQ-Orbitrap XL and the LTQ-FT-ICR with respect to mass measurement accuracy (MMA), spectral accuracy, and sulfur counting. The results of this research will be used in the construction of a dye database for forensic purposes; the additional spectral information will increase the confidence in the identification of unknown dyes found in fibers at crime scenes. Initial LTQ-Orbitrap XL data showed MMAs greater than 3 ppm and poor spectral accuracy. Modification of several Orbitrap installation parameters (e.g., deflector voltage) resulted in a significant improvement of the data. The LTQ-FT-ICR and LTQ-Orbitrap XL (after installation parameters were modified) exhibited MMA ≤ 3 ppm, good spectral accuracy (χ2 values for the isotopic distribution ≤ 2), and were correctly able to ascertain the number of sulfur atoms in the compound at all resolving powers investigated for AGC targets of 5.00 × 105 and 1.00 × 106.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY}, author={Blake, Samantha L. and Walker, S. Hunter and Muddiman, David C. and Hinks, David and Beck, Keith R.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={2269–2275} }
 @article{xu_shamey_hinks_2010, title={Activated peroxide bleaching of regenerated bamboo fiber using a butyrolactam-based cationic bleach activator}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952426241&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-010-9398-6}, number={2}, journal={CELLULOSE}, author={Xu, Changhai and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={339–347} }
 @article{xu_hinks_shamey_2010, title={Bleaching cellulosic fibers via pre-sorption of N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)-benzoyl]-butyrolactam chloride}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77954459258&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-010-9412-z}, number={4}, journal={CELLULOSE}, author={Xu, Changhai and Hinks, David and Shamey, Renzo}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={849–857} }
 @article{shamey_cardenas_hinks_woodard_2010, title={Comparison of naive and expert subjects in the assessment of small color differences}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1084-7529"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956008280&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1364/josaa.27.001482}, abstractNote={Determination of the role of subject experience in the development of accurate color difference formulas is of potentially critical concern. As part of a larger multivariable experiment investigating the minimum inter- and intra-subject variability possible among a set of subjects, a study was conducted to compare the performance of 25 novice versus 25 expert visual assessors for a set of 27 pairs of colored textile samples using a controlled psychophysical method and several statistical techniques including t-test, ANOVA, and Standardized Residual Sum of Squares (STRESS) functions. Experts exhibited approximately 43% higher visual difference ratings than novice subjects when assessing sample pairs having small color differences. In addition, a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level was found between the judgments made by novice and expert assessors. According to the STRESS function, however, CMC(1:1) and CIEDE2000(1:1) color difference formulas do not show a significant difference in performance when the visual data from either group of subjects are compared.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION}, author={Shamey, Renzo and Cardenas, Lina M. and Hinks, David and Woodard, Roger}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={1482–1489} }
 @article{lee_shamey_hinks_jasper_2011, title={Development of a Comprehensive Visual Dataset Based on a CIE Blue Color Center: Assessment of Color Difference Formulae Using Various Statistical Methods}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1520-6378"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650106644&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/col.20549}, abstractNote={The objectives of this work were to develop a comprehensive visual dataset around one CIE blue color center, NCSU-B1, and to use the new dataset to test the performance of the major color difference formulae in this region of color space based on various statistical methods. The dataset comprised of 66 dyed polyester fabrics with small color differences () around a CIE blue color center. The visual difference between each sample and the color center was assessed by 26 observers in three separate sittings using a modified AATCC gray scale and a total of 5148 assessments were obtained. 
 
 
 
The performance of CIELAB, CIE94, CMC(l:c), BFD(l:c), and CIEDE2000 (KL:KC:KH) color difference formulae based on the blue dataset was evaluated at various KL (or l) values using PF/3, conventional correlation coefficient (r), Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) and the STRESS function. The optimum range for KL (or l) was found to be 1–1.3 based on PF/3, 1.4–1.7 based on r, and 1–1.4 based on STRESS, and in these ranges the performances of CIEDE2000, CMC, BFD and CIE94 were not statistically different at the 95% confidence level. 
 
 
 
At KL (or l) = 1, the performance of CIEDE2000 was statistically improved compared to CMC, CIE94 and CIELAB. Also, for NCSU-B1, the difference in the performance of CMC (2:1) from the performance of CMC (1:1) was statistically insignificant at 95% confidence. The same result was obtained when the performance of all the weighted color difference formulae were compared for KL (or l) 1 versus 2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011}, number={1}, journal={COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lee, Seung Geol and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David and Jasper, Warren}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={27–41} }
 @inproceedings{xu_shamey_hinks_2010, title={Development of a novel bleaching process for cellulosic fibers}, booktitle={Proceedings of AATCC International Conference}, publisher={Atlanta, GA: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Xu, C. H. and Shamey, R. and Hinks, D.}, year={2010}, pages={70–79} }
 @article{lee_hinks_lim_hauser_2010, title={Hydrolytic stability of a series of lactam-based cationic bleach activators and their impact on cellulose peroxide bleaching}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-009-9390-1}, number={3}, journal={Cellulose}, author={Lee, J. J. and Hinks, D. and Lim, S. H. and Hauser, P.}, year={2010}, pages={671–678} }
 @inproceedings{xu_shamey_hinks_2010, title={Improved bleaching efficiency using cationic bleach activators}, booktitle={Proceedings of AATCC International Conference}, publisher={Atlanta, GA: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Xu, C. H. and Shamey, R. and Hinks, D.}, year={2010}, pages={209–218} }
 @article{cardenas_shamey_hinks_2009, title={Development of a novel linear gray scale for visual assessment of small color differences}, volume={9}, number={8}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Cardenas, L. M. and Shamey, R. and Hinks, D.}, year={2009}, pages={42–47} }
 @article{cardenas_shamey_hinks_2009, title={Key variables in the control of color in the textile supply chain}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1758-5953"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70350348337&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1108/09556220910983759}, abstractNote={PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the key variables that determine the level of control of color in a typical textile supply chain, including lighting variability, color perception, and color measurement.Design/methodology/approachA fishbone diagram is used to demonstrate the wide range of variables that affect the control and communication of color within the textile supply chain.FindingsIt is important to identify the important parameters and variables that influence the control of color within various stages of the textile supply chain. In regard to visual assessment variability, the results obtained in an ongoing study at North Carolina State University based on the psychophysical testing of 50 observers demonstrate a statistical difference for visual judgments of small color differences between naïve and expert observers. Results of a pairedt‐test between the second and the third trial conducted by naïve observers indicate that the repetition of the visual observations significantly affects the assessment of small color differences.Research limitations/implicationsAssessment of lighting measurements of several stores in the USA demonstrate variability in lighting, with many stores having at least two different light sources. This variability, in combination with uncontrolled lighting from external windows and entrance/exit areas, can lead to significant variability in the color perception of textile garments displayed in such areas, and may lead to consumer experience being significantly different from that intended by the designer.Practical implicationsThe optimization of variables that influence the assessment and communication of color is vital to achieving effective communication between all parties involved. This can significantly reduce costs and lead times resulting in improved competitiveness and cost efficiency associated with increased consumer satisfaction and confidence in the industry.Originality/valueThe repetition of visual observations significantly affects the assessment of small color differences.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLOTHING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cardenas, Lina Maria and Shamey, Renzo and Hinks, David}, year={2009}, pages={256–269} }
 @article{mathur_hinks_seyam_donaldson_2009, title={Towards Automation of Color/Weave Selection in Jacquard Design: Model Verification}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0361-2317"]}, DOI={10.1002/col.20494}, abstractNote={AbstractJacquard woven fabrics are made from colored yarns and different weaves for designing complex pictorial and other patterning effects. The final visualized color effect is the result of assigning weave designs to different areas of the pattern to be created. The current practice in creating Jacquard woven fabric designs is to produce many samples in a trial‐and‐error attempt to match artwork colors. An ability to simulate accurately the appearance of a design prior to manufacture is highly desirable to reduce trial‐and‐error sample production. No automated accurate digital color methodology is yet available to assist designers in matching the patterned woven fabric to the desired artwork. To achieve this, we developed a geometrical model to predict the color contribution of each yarn on the face of the fabric. The geometrical model combined with a Kubelka‐Munk based color mixing model allowed the prediction of the reflectance properties of the final color for a given design. We compared the predicted and experimental values of the reflectance properties for a range of fabrics using the same geometric model with three separate color mixing models. The geometrical model combined with a log‐based color mixing model produced reasonable agreement between predicted and measured ΔEab, with an average ΔEabof approximately five. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 225–232, 2009}, number={3}, journal={COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION}, author={Mathur, Kavita and Hinks, David and Seyam, Abdel-Fattah M. and Donaldson, Robert Alan}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={225–232} }
 @article{kuehni_hinks_shamey_2008, title={Experimental Object Color Unique Hue Data for the Mean Observer for Color Appearance Modeling}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0361-2317"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-63349089809&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/col.20449}, abstractNote={AbstractColor appearance models, among other things, predict the hue of a stimulus when compared with defined stimuli that represent the four unique hues. Recent studies have indicated that the stimuli representing with high reliability unique hue (UH) percepts vary widely for different color‐normal observers. The average yellow and blue UH stimuli for 102 observers, as determined in a recent experiment at medium chroma, differ considerably from the CIECAM02 defined unique hues, based on the Swedish NCS. Wide inter‐observer variability precludes color appearance models from accurately predicting, for individual observers, all four unique hue stimuli. However, models should predict accurately those of a well‐defined average observer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 505–506, 2008}, number={6}, journal={COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION}, author={Kuehni, Rolf and Hinks, David and Shamey, Renzo}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={505–506} }
 @article{mathur_seyam_hinks_donaldson_2008, title={Towards automation of colour/weave selection in Jacquard designs: model verification through visual assessment}, volume={124}, ISSN={["1472-3581"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2007.00121.x}, abstractNote={A geometric model combined with a colour model to predict the colour contribution of each pre‐coloured yarn in terms of colour attributes of each area of a Jacquard pattern was developed. To validate the predicted calculations (colorimetric data), a visual assessment experiment was conducted to evaluate the difference between predicted and the actual colour appearance of the woven pattern. The results from the psychophysical evaluation of the woven samples and their predicted colour values showed high correlation between the predicted and experimental data. Therefore, the model has potential to eliminate subjective evaluations and reduce prototype sample production by automating the process of weave/colour simulation.}, number={1}, journal={COLORATION TECHNOLOGY}, author={Mathur, Kavita and Seyam, Abdel-Fattah M. and Hinks, David and Donaldson, R. Alan}, year={2008}, pages={48–55} }
 @misc{hauser_hinks_lee_lim_2007, title={Cationic bleach activator with enhanced hydrolytic stability}, volume={7,179,779}, number={2007 Feb. 20}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Hauser, P. J. and Hinks, D. and Lee, J. J. and Lim, S.-H.}, year={2007} }
 @article{saunders_hauser_hinks_2007, title={Efficient decolorization of dyebath wastewater using a novel cationic bleach activator/peroxide system}, volume={7}, number={10}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Saunders, P. and Hauser, P. and Hinks, D.}, year={2007}, pages={34–38} }
 @article{lavric_kovac_tavcer_hauser_hinks_2007, title={Enhanced PAA bleaching of cotton by incorporating a cationic bleach activator}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1478-4408"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2007.00088.x}, abstractNote={Peracetic acid is a well‐known alternative to hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent for cotton. In this study, a novel cationic bleach activator, N‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride, was used in combination with peracetic acid to investigate the enhancement of cotton bleaching efficiency. The effects of temperature, pH and concentrations of activator and peracetic acid on the bleaching performance were studied using a statistical design of experiment. Adding activator to a peracetic acid bleaching bath improved the resultant whiteness of the substrate and at optimal conditions produced less fibre damage than when peracetic acid was used alone. In addition, the bleaching performance of both peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of activator was compared. In the absence of activator, the peracetic acid performance was considerably superior to a conventional hydrogen peroxide bleach system in which no bleach activator is present. However, addition of activator to the hydrogen peroxide bath increased the whiteness to a level comparable to peracetic acid.}, number={4}, journal={COLORATION TECHNOLOGY}, author={Lavric, Pavla Krizman and Kovac, Franci and Tavcer, Petra Forte and Hauser, Peter and Hinks, David}, year={2007}, pages={230–236} }
 @article{hinks_cardenas_kuehni_shamey_2007, title={Unique-hue stimulus selection using Munsell color chips}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1084-7529"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36949037955&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1364/JOSAA.24.003371}, abstractNote={Presented are intra- and inter-observer variability data comparing the unique-hue (UH) selections of sets of males and females, using two different visual experimental procedures incorporating Munsell color chips of varying hue but identical chroma and value. Although 34 of the 40 Munsell hue chips were selected by at least one observer as a UH, selections were generally repeatable. In addition, intra-observer variability represented approximately 15% of inter-observer variability. Also, when only three consecutive Munsell chips were viewed at a time, females showed significantly larger intra-observer variability than males, especially when making unique green selections. However, variability in UH selections was statistically insignificant between males and females when all Munsell chips were viewed simultaneously. No correlation was found between UH selections or intra-observer variability and hue ordering ability.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION}, author={Hinks, David and Cardenas, Lina M. and Kuehni, Rolf G. and Shamey, Renzo}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={3371–3378} }
 @article{figueroa_hinks_montero_2006, title={A heterogeneous kinetic model for the cutinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of cyclo-tris-ethylene terephthalate}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1520-6033"]}, DOI={10.1021/bp050309s}, abstractNote={The kinetics of enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the polyester oligomer cyclo‐tris‐ethylene terephthalate, commonly known as cyclic trimer, using a developmental cutinase is reported. The effect of substrate surface area and enzyme concentration, in a largely aqueous medium, on the rate of hydrolysis was measured via spectrophotometric measurement using high performance liquid chromatography (λ 254 nm) at 60 °C in a glycine buffer (pH 8). The rate was strongly dependent on the substrateapos;s surface characteristics. When the substrate surface area was relatively small and the substrate was relatively low in crystallinity, the reaction followed zero order kinetics, whereas a first order rate constant was obtained when the substrate surface area was increased considerably and the crystallinity was relatively high.}, number={4}, journal={BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS}, author={Figueroa, Yalitza and Hinks, David and Montero, Gerardo}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={1209–1214} }
 @article{clonts_thangavelu_hinks_dunn_guzman_laidlaw_2006, title={Inter-instrument agreement in the colorimetric measurement of textile materials}, volume={6}, number={8}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Clonts, R. and Thangavelu, R. and Hinks, D. and Dunn, J. and Guzman, P. and Laidlaw, A.}, year={2006}, pages={45–48} }
 @article{brown_kuehni_hinks_2006, title={The Villalobos Colour Atlas: An analysis}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1520-6378"]}, DOI={10.1002/col.20188}, abstractNote={AbstractThe Villalobos Colour Atlas with its 7273 samples, published in 1947 in Argentina, represents one of the most ambitious attempts at a systematic object color sample collection. Its authors saw it as a practical visual color measuring and specification instrument at a time when spectrophotometers were a rarity in research institutes. In part, its organization is similar to that of the Munsell system but differs in regard to saturation. After a brief description of the structure of the Atlas data, what may be the first extensive measurement data of samples of the Atlas is presented in the CIELAB system. The results, unsurprisingly, show that the Atlas (as represented by the over‐60‐year‐old copy) meets some of its stated goals only to a limited extent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 109–116, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20188}, number={2}, journal={COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION}, author={Brown, M and Kuehni, RG and Hinks, D}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={109–116} }
 @inproceedings{li_xu_hinks_shamey_2006, title={Understanding and predicting shade variation based on fiber fineness and fabric structure}, booktitle={American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, International Conference & Exhibition (AATCC-ICE) 2006}, publisher={American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Li, S.-Q. and Xu, C.-H. and Hinks, D. and Shamey, R.}, year={2006} }
 @article{lim_lee_hinks_hauser_2005, title={Bleaching of cotton with activated peroxide systems}, volume={121}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00258.x}, abstractNote={The bleaching performance of a novel cationic bleach activator, N‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]‐caprolactam chloride, was compared to that of nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate, a commercially available anionic bleach activator. The whiteness of bleached cotton fabric was used as a measure of the performance. Comparison of bleach performance and the effect of key variables were evaluated using a central composite experimental design. The performances of both activators increased with temperature and sodium hydroxide concentration. Also, the performance of the cationic bleach activator increased with activator concentration, while an increase in the concentration of nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate gave an adverse effect on the performance. It was found that the cationic bleach activator was superior to the anionic activator in the hot bleaching of cotton under the conditions studied.}, number={2}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Lim, S. H. and Lee, J. J. and Hinks, D. and Hauser, P.}, year={2005}, pages={89–95} }
 @misc{horton_hinks_el-shafei_2005, title={Sock for detection of pressure points on feet}, volume={6,918,883}, number={2005 Jul. 19}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Horton, J. M. and Hinks, D. and El-Shafei, A.}, year={2005} }
 @article{lee_lim_hauser_hinks_2005, title={Stability of a novel cationic bleach activator in aqueous solution}, volume={121}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00246.x}, abstractNote={The hydrolytic stability of a novel cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]capro-lactam chloride, in aqueous solution has been investigated. After treatment with a bleach system, the whiteness of cotton fabric was measured. Assessment of the available oxygen was used to assess the stability of the bleach activator in solution with respect to time, using a method which minimised the effect of hydrogen peroxide on total available oxygen. Whereas the N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benz-oyl]caprolactam chloride in solid form was found to be stable, in aqueous solution it was relatively easily hydrolysed. The effect of pH on its stability in solution was assessed. A good correlation was found between change in available oxygen on storage and bleaching performance.}, number={1}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Lee, J. J. and Lim, S. H. and Hauser, P. and Hinks, D.}, year={2005}, pages={37–40} }
 @article{gursoy_el-shafei_hauser_hinks_2004, title={Cationic bleach activators for improving cotton bleaching}, volume={4}, number={8}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Gursoy, N. C. and El-Shafei, A. and Hauser, P. and Hinks, D.}, year={2004}, pages={37–40} }
 @article{gursoy_lim_hinks_hauser_2004, title={Evaluating hydrogen peroxide bleaching with cationic bleach activators in a cold pad-batch process}, volume={74}, DOI={10.1177/004051750407401106}, abstractNote={ Bleach activators generate peracids in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and alkali that are more potent oxidizing agents than hydrogen peroxide under comparable bleaching conditions. The effects of key bleaching parameters (activator concentration, hydrogen peroxide, chelant, and pH) on the performance of cold pad-batch bleaching on cotton are investigated. Optimized recipes are determined for two cationic activators, N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl) benzyl]ca prolactam chloride and 6-( N,N,N-trimethylammonio) hexanoyl caprolactam p-toluenesulfo nate, using a central composite experimental design. The laboratory optimized conditions are used for pilot plant scale bleaching of cotton knit fabric. CIE whiteness index values are calculated from measured reflectance data of the pilot scale bleaching and are in close agreement with those predicted by the experiment. A high level of whiteness ( CIE WI > 70) is achieved for both activators with 8-hour batching, and measurements of the degree of polymerization of the bleached and greige fabrics show little fiber damage in each case. }, number={11}, journal={Textile Research Journal}, author={Gursoy, N. C. and Lim, S. H. and Hinks, D. and Hauser, P.}, year={2004}, pages={970–976} }
 @article{el-shafei_hinks_boyle_freeman_2004, title={Non-mutagenic organic pigment intermediates. II. Isomorphous 2,2 '-dichloro-5,5 '-dipropoxybenzidine and 2,2 '-dimethyl-5,5 '-dipropoxybenzidine}, volume={60}, ISSN={["2053-2296"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4444237632&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1107/S0108270104014763}, abstractNote={The title compounds, C 18 H 22 Cl 2 N 2 O 2 and C 20 H 28 N 2 O 2 , respectively, are isomorphous. The molecules lie at general positions in the unit cell. In each structure, chemically equivalent but crystallographically inequivalent amine N atoms exhibit different degrees of pyramidalization. The structures exhibit weak N-H...N hydrogen bonding, which is influenced by the differences in hybridization around the amine N atoms. The torsion angles across the biphenyl linkage for the two compounds are 67.2 (2) and 68.3 (3)°.}, number={8}, journal={ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY}, author={El-Shafei, A and Hinks, D and Boyle, PD and Freeman, HS}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={O569–O571} }
 @article{lim_gursoy_hauser_hinks_2004, title={Performance of a new cationic bleach activator on a hydrogen peroxide bleaching system}, volume={120}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2004.tb00216.x}, abstractNote={The performance of a cationic bleach activator, N‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]caprolactam chloride, was evaluated in a hot peroxide bleaching process. The effect of time, temperature and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and activator on the bleaching of cotton fabric was investigated using a central composite experimental design. Temperature was found to be the most significant parameter. By adding the cationic activator it was possible to achieve a level of whiteness comparable to a typical commercial bleaching system but under relatively mild conditions of time and temperature. As a consequence, chemical damage to the fabric could be reduced. The effect of the cationic bleach activator was compared to that of an anionic activator, nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate. The cationic activator was superior to the anionic activator in bleaching the fabric under the optimised conditions used in the study. Received: 13 January 2004, Accepted: 10 March 2004}, number={3}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Lim, S. H. and Gursoy, N. C. and Hauser, P. and Hinks, D.}, year={2004}, pages={114–118} }
 @inproceedings{reed_jasper_hinks_2004, title={Quantitative measurement of web uniformity of blended fibers.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the annual international conference & exhibition of AATCC :  September 13-17, 2004.}, publisher={[Research Triangle Park, N.C.]:  AATC}, author={Reed, J. and Jasper, W. and Hinks, D.}, year={2004} }
 @article{hinks_rafiq_price_montero_smith_2003, title={A comparison of vapour pressure measurements of quinizarin and leucoquinizarin via transpiration and thermogravimetry}, volume={119}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2003.tb00155.x}, abstractNote={The vapour pressure of solids can be obtained using a number of methods, including the Knudsen effusion method, the Knudsen torque‐effusion method and a transpiration method. Each method has benefits and disadvantages. Reported is a comparison of vapour pressure data for two compounds, quinizarin and leuco‐quinizarin, using a transpiration method and a recently developed method based on thermogravimetry. Thermogravimetry provided vapour pressure–temperature dependence data for each compound with expediency and in agreement with the transpiration method.}, number={2}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Hinks, D. and Rafiq, M. I. and Price, D. M. and Montero, G. A. and Smith, B.}, year={2003}, pages={84–90} }
 @article{hooker_hinks_montero_icherenska_2003, title={Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) cyclic trimer}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.11963}, abstractNote={AbstractOligoesters present in poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers are commonly extracted from the fiber during processing, such as aqueous‐based dyeing. Aqueous, insoluble oligoesters, particularly cyclic trimers that precipitate on processing machinery and on the fiber surface are difficult to remove under benign conditions. Reported is a new method for the efficient removal of cyclic trimer by enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis. Almost complete hydrolysis of trimer was accomplished at pH 8 and 60°C. Effects of time, agitation, surfactant, and enzyme and trimer concentrations on the efficiency of hydrolysis are reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2545–2552, 2003}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Hooker, J and Hinks, D and Montero, G and Icherenska, M}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={2545–2552} }
 @article{el-shafei_boyle_hinks_freeman_2003, title={Non-mutagenic organic pigment intermediates. I. 3,3 '-Dipropoxybenzidine}, volume={59}, ISSN={["0108-2701"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037295760&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1107/S0108270102021303}, abstractNote={Crystals of the title compound, C(18)H(24)N(2)O(2), were grown from ethanol by slow evaporation and the structure has been determined. The molecule resides on a crystallographic inversion center and the biphenyl moiety is essentially planar. The structure forms an infinite two-dimensional array of N-H.pi(arene) interactions parallel to the (101) direction.}, number={2}, journal={ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS}, author={El-Shafei, A and Boyle, PD and Hinks, D and Freeman, HS}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={O71–O73} }
 @article{montero_hinks_hooker_2003, title={Reducing problems of cyclic trimer deposits in supercritical carbon dioxide polyester dyeing machinery}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0896-8446"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0896-8446(02)00187-0}, abstractNote={The present paper describes an alternative procedure for the reduction or elimination of oligomeric polyester residues, in particular the cyclic trimer (CTR), in supercritical fluids (SCFs). Polyethylene terephthalate is the largest, (by volume) man-made synthetic fiber produced in the world owing to its favorable properties, such as durability, strength, stability during heat setting, abrasion resistance, and resistance to sunlight, acids, alkalis, and bleaches. In addition, polyester fibers have very good crease recovery and are durable to washing. Because of these characteristics, polyester has many important uses including home furnishings, apparel fabrics, automotive interior fabrics, and carpeting (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39 (2000) 4806). Due to the large volume of polyester dyed, fundamental research has given attention to alternatives for conventional aqueous processes. The application of SCFs, especially supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), in the textile industry has recently become an alternative technology for developing a more environmentally friendly dyeing process. SCF dyeing technology has the potential to overcome several environmental and technical issues in many commercial textile applications such as yarn preparation, dyeing and finishing. SCFs represent a potentially unique media for either transporting chemical into or out of a polymeric substrate, because of their thermo-physical and transport properties. SCFs exhibit gas-like viscosities and diffusivities and liquid-like densities. Carbon dioxide is appealing for use as a SCF because it is inexpensive, non-toxic, non-flammable, environmentally friendly, and chemically inert under many conditions (J. Org. Chem. 49 (1984) 5097). In order to improve efficiency and address some of the environmental concerns with SCF technology, researchers at North Carolina State University (NCSU), College of Textiles, have constructed a single-package-pilot-plant system for dyeing polyester using SC-CO2. Based in part on data gathered from this investigation, the technical and economic feasibility of this process has been demonstrated and SCF dyeing appears to be on the leading edge of emerging technologies. However, it has been shown that the removal of precipitated oligomers mainly from the inside walls of all parts of the dyeing machine (i.e. vessels, spindle tube, sight glasses, valves, tubing, and fittings) is highly desirable. Experimental pressure measurements across a few sections of the SC-CO2 dyeing machine show that significant pressure losses can occur where oligomer, predominately CTR, builds up. Consequently, the maximum CO2 volume flow rate in the dyeing machine can decrease 30–35% (Conf. Eng. Note (1998); Conf. Eng. Note (1999)). A preliminary investigation shows that highly insoluble CTR has a reduced affinity to adhere to these stainless steel surfaces at higher SC-CO2 pressure. Although the knowledge and expertise base in this new textile research area has been increased considerably, an economic removal procedure for CTR in SC-CO2 machinery has not been found (Proc. 6th Conf. Supercrit. Fluids Appl. (2001) 571).}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS}, author={Montero, G and Hinks, D and Hooker, J}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={47–54} }
 @article{ramanath_kuehni_snyder_hinks_2004, title={Spectral spaces and color spaces}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1520-6378"]}, DOI={10.1002/col.10211}, abstractNote={AbstractIt has long been known that color experiences under controlled conditions may be ordered into a color space based on three primary attributes. It is also known that the color of an object depends on its spectral reflectance function, among other factors. Using dimensionality reduction techniques applied to reflectance measurements (in our case a published set of 1 nm interval reflectance functions of Munsell color chips) it is possible to construct 3D spaces of various kinds. In this article we compare color spaces, perceptual or based on dimensionality reduction using color matching functions and additional operations (uniform color space), to spectral spaces derived with a variety of dimensionality reduction techniques. Most spectral spaces put object spectra into the ordinal order of a psychological color space, but so do many random continuous functions. In terms of interval scales there are large differences between color and spectral spaces. In spectral spaces psychophysical metamers are located in different places. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 29–37, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10211}, number={1}, journal={COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION}, author={Ramanath, R and Kuehni, RG and Snyder, WE and Hinks, D}, year={2004}, month={Feb}, pages={29–37} }
 @article{hooker_hinks_freeman_2003, title={Synthesis, properties and application of four new 1: 2 aluminium-complexed azo dyes}, volume={119}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2003.tb00150.x}, abstractNote={In view of the well‐known environmental concerns associated with the synthesis and application of certain metal‐complexed acid dyes, potentially less toxic analogues of four chromium and cobalt 1;2‐complexed azo dyes were synthesised by employing aluminium in lieu of chromium or cobalt. The aluminium‐complexed dyes produced brighter shades on nylon 6.6 and wool than the corresponding 1;2‐complexed dyes based on chromium, cobalt and iron. The lightfastness results of nylon 6.6 and wool dyed with the 1;2 aluminium‐complexed dyes were, in general, better than the unmetallised precursors, but inferior to the corresponding chromium, cobalt and iron dyes.}, number={1}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Hooker, J. and Hinks, D. and Freeman, H.}, year={2003}, pages={41–47} }
 @article{hinks_rashad_el-shafei_2003, title={Towards a universal dye class for printing on multiple substrates}, volume={119}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038474061&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2003.tb00153.x}, abstractNote={Textile printing using dyes requires different dye classes to be used for different substrates, which increases complexity in the printing operation. The development of a single (universal) class of dyes that can be applied to all fibres to produce prints with excellent technical properties is desirable. Reported is one approach to a universal dye class for printing on multiple substrates. A temporarily water soluble fibre‐reactive dye, 2‐[(4‐{(E)‐[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl}phenyl)sulphonyl]ethyl sodium sulphate, was synthesised and printed on cotton, polyester, polyester/cotton blend, wool, nylon and acrylic fabrics. A print–dry–cure process was employed. Bright, level prints with high colour strength, good rub fastness and fair to good wash fastness were obtained for all substrates except acrylic, which did not produce good prints. However, significant amounts of unfixed dye were removed during soaping.}, number={2}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Hinks, D. and Rashad, M. and El-Shafei, A.}, year={2003}, pages={70–75} }
 @inbook{ramanath_snyder_hinks_2002, title={Image comparison measure for digital still color cameras}, volume={1}, booktitle={2002 International Conference on Image Processing: proceedings: ICIP: 22-25 September, 2002, Rochester Riverside Convention Center, Rochester, New York, USA: Vol. 1}, publisher={Piscataway, NJ: IEEE}, author={Ramanath, A. R and Snyder, B. W. and Hinks, C. D.}, year={2002}, pages={629–632} }
 @article{hooker_hinks_montero_conlee_2002, title={Synthesis of N,N-diethyl-N-{4-[(E)-(4- nitrophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}amine via in situ diazotisation and coupling in supercritical carbon dioxide}, volume={118}, DOI={10.1111/j.1478-4408.2002.tb00110.x}, abstractNote={The synthesis of azo dyes via a conventional aqueous‐based diazotisation and coupling reaction requires the use of relatively high concentrations of mineral acids, which leads to high electrolyte concentrations in wastewater. Reported in this paper is an environmentally benign one‐pot method for the synthesis of a nonionic azo dye, N,N‐diethyl‐N‐{4‐[(E)‐(4‐nitrophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}amine, in supercritical carbon dioxide without using a mineral acid. The product yield increased significantly with temperature, with 91% theoretical yield afforded at 80 °C. The pressure of the system had little influence on product yield.}, number={6}, journal={Coloration Technology}, author={Hooker, J. and Hinks, D. and Montero, G. and Conlee, C.}, year={2002}, pages={273–276} }
 @article{hinks_burkinshaw_lewis_renfrew_2001, title={Cationic fiber reactive dyes for cellulosic fibers}, volume={1}, number={5}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Hinks, D. and Burkinshaw, S. M. and Lewis, D. M. and Renfrew, A. H. M.}, year={2001}, pages={43–46} }
 @article{hinks_el-shafei_draper_che_nakpathom_connelly_2001, title={Radiometeric measurements of area lighting critical to color assessment in the textile industry}, volume={1}, number={11}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Hinks, D. and El-Shafei, A. and Draper, S. and Che, Q. and Nakpathom, M. and Connelly, R.}, year={2001}, pages={35–39} }
 @article{hinks_draper_el-shafei_nakpathom_che_connelly_2001, title={Radiometric measurement of area lighting critical to color assessment in the textile industry}, volume={1}, number={11}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Hinks, D. and Draper, S. and El-Shafei, A. and Nakpathom, M. and Che, Q. L. and Connelly, R.}, year={2001}, pages={35–39} }
 @article{el-shafei_hinks_freeman_lye_2001, title={Semi-empirical molecular orbital methods in the design of organic colorants}, volume={1}, number={12}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={El-Shafei, A. and Hinks, D. and Freeman, H. S. and Lye, J.}, year={2001}, pages={23–26} }
 @article{el-shafei_hinks_freeman_2001, title={Semi-empirical molecular orbital methods in the design of organic pigments}, volume={1}, number={12}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={El-Shafei, A. and Hinks, D. and Freeman, H. S.}, year={2001}, pages={23–26} }
 @article{hinks_freeman_arai_ando_2001, title={Synthesis and evaluation of organic pigments. 2. Studies of bisazomethine pigments based on planar nonmutagenic benzidine analogs}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00087-5}, abstractNote={Abstract The synthesis, characterization, genotoxicity and light fastness of thio- and oxopyrimidine based bisazomethine pigments prepared from a series of nonmutagenic benzidine congeners is reported. Whereas bisazomethine pigments based on benzidine and 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine were mutagenic in both the Ames assay and the Prival modification of the Ames assay, incorporation of bulky (>C 2 ) alkyl and alkoxy groups in the 3,3′- positions of the benzidine moiety gave nonmutagenic bisazomethine pigments.}, number={1}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Hinks, D and Freeman, KS and Arai, Y and Ando, H}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={7–13} }
 @article{sokolowska_hinks_freeman_2001, title={Synthesis and evaluation of organic pigments. 3. Studies based on nonmutagenic twisted benzidines}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00088-7}, abstractNote={Bis-chromophoric pigments prepared using nonmutagenic benzidine analogs with high dihedral angle across the biphenyl linkage are reported. The mutagenic properties of twisted bisazomethine, disazoacetoacetanilide, disazopyrazolone, disazobenzimidazolone and disazonaphthol pigments were established using the standard Ames Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay and the Prival modification. Results from these tests and from the evaluation of hue, color strength and photostability of the pigments prepared are reported. Some of the new pigments are potential viable alternatives to those derived from 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine and other genotoxic analogs of benzidine.}, number={1}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Sokolowska, J and Hinks, D and Freeman, HS}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={15–27} }
 @article{nakpathom_hinks_freeman_2001, title={Synthesis and evaluation of organic pigments. 4. New monoarylide and diarylide pigments}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1873-3743"]}, DOI={10.1016/s0143-7208(00)00089-9}, abstractNote={The synthesis, characterization and mutagenicity of a series of diarylide pigments prepared using highly twisted nonmutagenic 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 2,2′-dimethoxy-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine, and their monoarylide counterparts are reported. Five pigments in which nitro groups were incorporated into either the 3- or 4- position of the acetoacetanilide coupling component were mutagenic in either the standard Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames test) or the Prival modification. The presence of 3-trifluoromethyl or 3-acetyl groups in the acetoacetanilide moiety led to nonmutagenic pigments. Despite the high dihedral angle across the biphenyl linkage, the λmax of the highly twisted diarylide pigments was significantly bathochromic relative to the corresponding monoarylide pigments.}, number={2}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Nakpathom, M and Hinks, D and Freeman, HS}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={93–106} }
 @article{hinks_draper_che_nakpathom_el-shafei_connelly_2000, title={Assessment of the effect of lighting variability on color difference}, volume={32}, number={6}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter}, author={Hinks, D. and Draper, S. and Che, Q. L. and Nakpathom, M. and El-Shafei, A. and Connelly, R.}, year={2000}, pages={16–20} }
 @article{hinks_freeman_nakpathom_sokolowska_2000, title={Synthesis and evaluation of organic pigments and intermediates. 1. Nonmutagenic benzidine analogs}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(99)00078-9}, abstractNote={The design, synthesis, characterization, and genotoxicity of 4,4′ diaminobiphenyl (benzidine) analogs with substituents in the 3,3′ and/or 2,2′ positions are reported. Analogs containing bulky substituents in the 3,3′ positions significantly reduce or eliminate mutagenic activity, while substituents in the 2,2′-positions increase the dihedral angle across the biphenyl linkage––a property that can be utilized in the design of novel nonmutagenic colorants. 2,2′-Dimethylbenzidine was found to be mutagenic in both the standard Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay (Ames test) with metabolic acitivation and the preincubation assay protocol. 2,2′-Dichloro-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine, 2,2′-dimethoxy-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine were nonmutagenic in both assays. The corresponding bis-acetoacetamido derivatives of the latter two compounds were also nonmutagenic. Good yields with minimal purification were obtained for certain diamines, providing potentially useful nongenotoxic intermediates in the synthesis of bisazo and bisazomethine dyes and pigments.}, number={3}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Hinks, D and Freeman, HS and Nakpathom, M and Sokolowska, J}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={199–207} }
 @article{lye_freeman_hinks_1999, title={Molecular modeling in dye chemistry: Studies involving two disperse dyes}, volume={69}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759906900807}, abstractNote={ The equilibrium geometries of C.I. Disperse Yellow 86 and C.I. Disperse Red 167 are predicted using semi-empirical and mechanical methods. All semi-empirical geometry optimizations involve MNDO, MINDO/3, AM1. and PM3 Hamiltonians implemented in MOPAC, and CNDO and INDO Hamiltonians implemented in ZINDO for self-consistent field energy calculations. MOPAC optimizations use a Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno func tion minimizer, while ZINDO optimizations employ a Newton-Raphson search minimiza tion technique. All semi-empirical optimizations are initiated from an identical starting structure that has been optimized with an augmented MM2 mechanical forcefield in conjunction with a conjugate gradient minimizer algorithm. When the predicted structures of the two disperse dyes are compared to x-ray crystal structures, PM3 and AM1 give the best correlations between predicted and experimental values for atomic and hydrogen bond lengths. MINDO/3 gives the closest predictions of the improper torsion angle asso ciated with aryl amino groups. PM3 and, to a lesser extent, AM1 tend to distort planar aryl amino nitrogen atoms. }, number={8}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Lye, J and Freeman, HS and Hinks, D}, year={1999}, month={Aug}, pages={583–590} }
 @misc{freeman_hinks_sokolowska-gajda_1999, title={Organic pigments from twisted benzidines}, volume={5,965,717}, number={1999 Oct. 12}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Freeman, H. S. and Hinks, D. and Sokolowska-Gajda, J.}, year={1999} }
 @article{sokolowska-gajda_hinks_haney_freeman_tanaka_1998, title={Field desorption mass spectral analysis of some nonmutagenic benzidine-based pigments}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(97)00116-2}, abstractNote={This paper is concerned with field desorption mass spectral (FDMS) analysis of novel disazomethine, disazoacetoacetanilide (diarylide) and disazopyrazolone pigments containing nonmutagenic benzidine homologs. The FD spectra of the aforementioned types of pigments are characterized by intense parent ion peaks [M+.] and relatively intense [M+]/2 daughter ions, a pattern which serves as a fingerprint for these molecular structures.}, number={3}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Sokolowska-Gajda, J and Hinks, D and Haney, CA and Freeman, HS and Tanaka, M}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={159–171} }
 @inbook{freeman_lye_hinks_1997, title={Computational chemistry applied to synthetic dyes}, ISBN={9789810232207}, booktitle={Computational chemistry and chemical engineering: proceedings of the Third UNAM-CRAY Supercomputing Conference: Universidad Nacional Auto?noma de Me?xico, 13-16 August 1996}, publisher={River Edge, NJ: World Scientific}, author={Freeman, H.S. and Lye, J. and Hinks, D.}, year={1997} }
 @inbook{freeman_hinks_esancy_1996, title={Genotoxicity of azo dyes: Bases and implications}, ISBN={9780751402100}, DOI={10.1007/978-94-009-0091-2_7}, booktitle={Physico-chemical principles of color chemistry}, publisher={New York: Blackie Academic & Professional}, author={Freeman, H.S. and Hinks, D. and Esancy, J.}, editor={A.T. Peters and Freeman, H.S.Editors}, year={1996} }
 @inbook{hinks_lye_freeman_1995, title={Computer-aided dyestuff design}, booktitle={Annual international conference and exhibition of AATCC}, publisher={RTP, NC:  American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists}, author={Hinks, D. and Lye, J. and Freeman, H.S.}, year={1995} }
 @inproceedings{hinks_burkinshaw_lewis_1993, title={The use of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of several dye classes}, ISBN={9780851864457}, booktitle={Ion exchange processes : advances and applications}, publisher={Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry}, author={Hinks, D. and Burkinshaw, S.M. and Lewis, D.M.}, editor={A. Dyer, M.J. Hudson and Williams, P.A.Editors}, year={1993} }