@article{chen_werner_2021, title={Inheritance of Compact Growth Habit, and Investigation of Linkage to Weeping Architecture and Purple Leaf Color in Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis L.)}, volume={56}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16031-21}, DOI={10.21273/HORTSCI16031-21}, abstractNote={Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) is a commonly used small landscape tree. Compact growth, purple leaf color, and weeping architecture are three popular ornamental phenotypes. Inheritances of weeping architecture and purple leaves have been reported previously. Inheritance of compact growth habit and its genetic linkage with the weeping and purple leaf genes have not been reported. In the present research, the inheritance of compact growth derived from ‘Ace of Hearts’ was explored in the F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross families resulting from the controlled hybridization of ‘Ruby Falls’ (normal growth/weeping architecture/purple leaf) × ‘Ace of Hearts’ (compact growth/nonweeping architecture/green leaf). All 27 F1 individuals were nonweeping, green-leaved, and noncompact. A total of 572 F2 progeny were obtained, and subsequent analysis of segregation revealed a single recessive gene controlled compact growth habit. Analysis of reciprocal backcross families confirmed this result as well. Weeping architecture and purple leaf color were also controlled by single recessive genes, confirming findings presented in previous studies in another redbud family. No linkage between the three genes was detected. This research is the first to report the inheritance of compact growth in eastern redbud and confirms independent assortment between the compact, purple leaf, and weeping genes.}, number={12}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Chen, Hsuan and Werner, Dennis J.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={1513–1515} }
 @article{roberts_werner_2016, title={Genome Size and Ploidy Levels of Cercis (Redbud) Species, Cultivars, and Botanical Varieties}, volume={51}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.51.4.330}, abstractNote={Cercis is an ancient member of Fabaceae, often cultivated as an ornamental tree, and can be found in numerous regions around the world. Previous studies have reported Cercis canadensis as being diploid with 2n = 2x = 14. However, there have been no further investigations into ploidy and genome size variation among Cercis taxa. A study was conducted to evaluate the relative genome size and ploidy levels of numerous species, cultivars, and botanical varieties of Cercis, representing taxa found in North America, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition, the genome size of Bauhinia forficata, a close relative of Cercis, was also determined. Genome size estimates (2C values) were determined by calculating the mean fluorescence of stained nuclei via flow cytometry. Propidium iodide was used as the staining agent and Glycine max was used as an internal standard for each taxon analyzed. Genome size estimates for all Cercis sampled ranged from 0.70 to 0.81 pg with an average size of 0.75 pg. The genome size of B. forficata was found to be smaller than any other Bauhinia sp. currently on record, with an average size of 0.87 pg. This study confirmed an initial estimation of the genome size of Cercis chinensis and found that floral buds of Cercis proved to be an excellent source of plant tissue for obtaining intact nuclei. All species, botanical varieties, and cultivars of Cercis surveyed for this study had remarkably similar genome sizes despite their wide range of distribution. This information can facilitate a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Cercideae and Cercis specifically.}, number={4}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Roberts, David J. and Werner, Dennis J.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={330–333} }
 @article{roberts_werner_wadl_trigiano_2015, title={Inheritance and allelism of morphological traits in eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.)}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2052-7276"]}, DOI={10.1038/hortres.2015.49}, abstractNote={Inheritance of purple, gold, and variegated foliage types, weeping architecture, and double flower was explored in F1, F2, and backcross families resulting from controlled hybridization of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.). Potential allelic relationships were explored when possible. Inheritance analysis in families derived from controlled hybridization of 'Covey' (green leaf) and 'Forest Pansy' (purple leaf) suggest that purple leaf color and weeping architecture are both controlled by single recessive genes, for which the symbols pl1 and wp1 are proposed, respectively. Inheritance of gold leaf was explored in families of 'Covey' (green leaf) × 'Hearts of Gold' (gold leaf). Interpretation of inheritance of gold leaf in these families was confounded by the recovery of a leaf color phenotype in the F2 family unlike either parent. However, data suggested the action of a single locus controlling gold leaf color in 'Hearts of Gold', and that instability of gold leaf expression may be based on transposable element activity. Segregation of gold leaf in the F2 families of 'Texas White' [green leaf (C. canadensis var. texensis)] × 'JN2' [gold leaf (The Rising Sun)] did not fit a Mendelian ratio. Analysis of progeny of 'Silver Cloud' and 'Floating Clouds' (both showing white/green leaf variegation) with non-variegated cultivars demonstrated that variegation in 'Silver Cloud' is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, while variegation in 'Floating Clouds' is controlled by cytoplasmic factors. The symbol var1 is proposed for the gene controlling variegation in 'Silver Cloud'. Double flower in progeny derived from 'Flame' (double flower) suggested that double flower is dominant to single flower, and that 'Flame' is heterozygous at the double-flower locus, for which the symbol Df1 is proposed. Allelism studies showed that the gene controlling purple leaf in 'Forest Pansy' is allelic to the purple leaf gene in 'Greswan' and that the gene controlling weeping phenotype in 'Traveller' (C. canadensis var. texensis) is non-allelic to the weeping gene found in 'Covey'. Allelism of the gold leaf trait in 'Hearts of Gold' and 'JN2' was investigated, but no clear conclusions regarding allelism could be made due to recovery of leaf color phenotypes unlike either parent.}, journal={HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Roberts, David J. and Werner, Dennis J. and Wadl, Phillip A. and Trigiano, Robert N.}, year={2015}, month={Oct} }
 @article{werner_2015, title={Will the traditional horticultural breeding and genetics research be fairly valued in academia?}, volume={2}, journal={Horticulture Research}, author={Werner, D. J.}, year={2015} }
 @article{chavez_beckman_werner_chaparro_2014, title={Genetic diversity in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] at the University of Florida: past, present and future}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1614-2950"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-014-0769-2}, number={5}, journal={TREE GENETICS & GENOMES}, author={Chavez, Dario J. and Beckman, Thomas G. and Werner, Dennis J. and Chaparro, Jose X.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={1399–1417} }
 @article{brown_yousef_guzman_chebrolu_werner_parker_gasic_perkins-veazie_2014, title={Variation of carotenoids and polyphenolics in peach and implications on breeding for modified phytochemical profiles}, volume={139}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Brown, A. F. and Yousef, G. G. and Guzman, I. and Chebrolu, K. K. and Werner, D. J. and Parker, M. and Gasic, K. and Perkins-Veazie, P.}, year={2014}, pages={676–686} }
 @article{wadl_trigiano_werner_pooler_rinehart_2012, title={Simple Sequence Repeat Markers from Cercis canadensis Show Wide Cross-species Transfer and Use in Genetic Studies}, volume={137}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.137.3.189}, abstractNote={There are 11 recognized Cercis L. species, but identification is problematic using morphological characters, which are largely quantitative and continuous. Previous studies have combined morphological and molecular data to resolve taxonomic questions about geographic distribution of Cercis species, identifying botanical varieties, and associations between morphological variation and the environment. Three species have been used in ornamental plant breeding in the United States, including three botanical varieties of C. canadensis L. from North America and two Asian species, C. chingii Chun and C. chinensis Bunge. In this article, 51 taxa were sampled comprising eight species of Cercis and a closely related species, Bauhinia faberi Oliv. Sixty-eight polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were used to assess genetic relationships between species and cultivars. For all samples the number of alleles detected ranged from two to 20 and 10 or more alleles were detected at 22 loci. Average polymorphic information content was 0.57 and values ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 with 44 loci 0.50 or greater. Cross-species transfer within Cercis was extremely high with 55 loci that amplified at 100%. Results support previously reported phylogenetic relationships of the North American and western Eurasian species and indicate suitability of these markers for mapping studies involving C. canadensis and C. chinensis. Results also support known pedigrees from ornamental tree breeding programs for the widely cultivated C. canadensis and C. chinensis species, which comprised the majority of the samples analyzed.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Wadl, Phillip A. and Trigiano, Robert N. and Werner, Dennis J. and Pooler, Margaret R. and Rinehart, Timothy A.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={189–201} }
 @article{werner_snelling_2011, title={'Purple Haze', 'Miss Molly', and 'Ice Chip' Buddleja}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1330}, abstractNote={Buddleja L. (Scrophulariaceae Juss., formally Buddlejaceae K. Wilhelm and Loganiaceae R. Brown), commonly called butterfly bush, is a popular landscape shrub worldwide valued for its summer flowering, fragrance, and attractiveness to butterflies. The majority of cultivars are B. davidii, and a range of flower colors are available. Most cultivars are vigorous, often attaining a height of over 2 m in one growing season, too large for many residential landscapes. Some species of Buddleja, including B. davidii, are regarded as invasive and are banned from commerce in some regions. To address the concerns of excessive vigor and invasive potential, two compact and sterile cultivars of Buddleja named ‘Purple Haze’ and ‘Ice Chip’ were released. Pink is a popular color in Buddleja, but few pink-flowered cultivars are available. ‘Pink Delight’, the most common cultivar, is very vigorous, limiting its landscape uses. ‘Miss Ruby’, demonstrating improved pink color and compact growth habit as compared with ‘Pink Delight’, was released in 2009 (Werner and Snelling, 2009). ‘Miss Molly’ has been released to provide a cultivar with compact growth and darker pink flower color as compared with ‘Miss Ruby’. ‘Miss Molly’ is moderately female-fertile.}, number={9}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Werner, Dennis J. and Snelling, Layne K.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={1330–1332} }
 @article{werner_snelling_2010, title={'Ruby Falls' and 'Merlot' Redbuds}, volume={45}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.45.1.146}, abstractNote={Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) and Texas redbud [Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Watson) M. Hopkins] (Fabaceae Lindl. or Leguminosae Adans.) are popular landscape trees. Their moderate size, early spring flowering, and wide adaptability make them appropriate for many landscape uses. Numerous cultivars in a range of flower colors, leaf colors, and architectural forms are available. The most popular weeping cultivars currently available, ‘Traveller’ (C. canadensis var. texensis) and ‘Covey’ (C. canadensis), have green leaf color. ‘Ruby Falls’ has been released to provide a cultivar with the unique combination of weeping growth habit and purple leaf color. ‘Merlot’ has been released to provide a cultivar with purple leaves and improved plant habit and heat tolerance compared with ‘Forest Pansy’ (C. canadensis), the existing purple-leafed cultivar.}, number={1}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Werner, Dennis J. and Snelling, Layne K.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={146–147} }
 @article{werner_snelling_2009, title={'Blue Chip' and 'Miss Ruby' Buddleja}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.44.3.841}, abstractNote={Buddleja (Scrophulariaceae Juss., formally Buddlejaceae K. Wilhelm and Loganiaceae R. Brown), commonly called butterfly bush, is a popular landscape shrub worldwide valued for its summer flowering, fragrance, and attractiveness to butterflies. Numerous cultivars in a range of flower colors are available. Most cultivars are vigorous, often attaining a height of over 2 m in one growing season, too large for many residential landscapes. To address the issue of excessive vigor, a compact cultivar of Buddleja named ‘Blue Chip’ was released. Pink is a popular color in Buddleja, but few pink-flowered cultivars are available. ‘Pink Delight’, the most common cultivar, is very vigorous, limiting its landscape uses. ‘Miss Ruby’ has been released to provide a cultivar demonstrating improved pink color and compact growth habit as compared with ‘Pink Delight’.}, number={3}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Werner, Dennis J. and Snelling, Layne K.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={841–842} }
 @misc{werner_snelling_2009, title={Buddleja plant named "Blue Chip"}, volume={PP19,991}, number={2009 May 12}, author={Werner, D. J. and Snelling, L. K.}, year={2009} }
 @misc{werner_snelling_2009, title={Buddleja plant named "Miss Ruby"}, volume={PP19,950}, number={2009 Apr. 21}, author={Werner, D. J. and Snelling, L. K.}, year={2009} }
 @article{barb_werner_tallury_2008, title={Cytogenetic characterization and nuclear DNA content of diploid and tetraploid forms of stokes aster}, volume={43}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, author={Barb, J. G. and Werner, D. J. and Tallury, S. P.}, year={2008}, pages={2005–2012} }
 @article{barb_werner_griesbach_2008, title={Genetics and biochemistry of flower color in stokes aster}, volume={133}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.133.4.569}, abstractNote={Stokes aster [Stokesia laevis (J. Hill) Greene] is a herbaceous perennial endemic to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States. Anthocyanin and copigment aglycones from flowers were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography. Blue, lavender, violet, and albescent flowers each contained the anthocyanidin petunidin, although albescent flowers contained a substantially smaller amount. Pale pink flowers were found to contain only cyanidin. Anthocyanins and carotenoids were not present in pale yellow flowers of this species. All flowers contained the flavone luteolin. Genetic analysis of F1, F2, and BC1 populations suggested that flower color in stokes aster is controlled by at least three loci. F2 populations of blue × albescent and blue × pale yellow flowering plants segregated in a 3:1 ratio of blue to albescent or pale yellow flowered progeny, indicating that albescent and pale yellow flower colors were recessive and each controlled by a single locus with two alleles. BC1 populations supported these results. We propose the symbols A and Y: AA and YY plants synthesize a normal amount of anthocyanins, aa plants synthesize a reduced amount of anthocyanins, and yy plants do not synthesize anthocyanins. When the two mutant phenotypes (i.e., albescent [aa] and pale yellow [yy]) were crossed, the F1s were blue, and the F2 segregated in a 9 blue:3 albescent:4 yellow ratio, indicating that the recessive locus (y), when homozygous, was epistatic to other loci involved in anthocyanin production (e.g., A), and that the genotypes of the parents used in these crosses were aaYY (albescent) and AAyy (pale yellow). F1, F2, and BC1 populations of blue (petunidin) × pale pink (cyanidin) flowering plants revealed that cyanidin production was recessive and controlled by a single locus, P, with two alleles, whereby PP plants synthesize petunidin and pp plants synthesize cyanidin. It was difficult to distinguish albescent- and pale pink-flowered progeny in segregating generations, therefore three genetic models were proposed and tested to determine the genotype(s) (i.e., AApp, Aapp, or aapp) of the pale pink-flowered plants. Based on these analyses, we propose a theoretical biochemical pathway for flavonoid biosynthesis in stokes aster.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Barb, Jessica G. and Werner, Dennis J. and Griesbach, Robert J.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={569–578} }
 @misc{werner_snelling_2007, title={Peach tree named 'Carolina Gold'}, volume={PP17,780}, number={2007 Jun. 5}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. J. and Snelling, L. K.}, year={2007} }
 @article{olsen_ranney_werner_2006, title={Fertility and inheritance of variegated and purple foliage across a polyploid series in Hypericum androsaemum L.}, volume={131}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.131.6.725}, abstractNote={Inheritance of two mutant foliage types, variegated and purple, was investigated for diploid, triploid, and tetraploid tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum). The fertility of progeny was evaluated by pollen viability tests and reciprocal crosses with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids and germinative capacity of seeds from successful crosses. Segregation ratios were determined for diploid crosses in reciprocal di-hybrid F1, F2, BCP1, and BCP2 families and selfed F2s with the parental phenotypes. F2 tetraploids were derived from induced autotetraploid F1s. Triploid segregation ratios were determined for crosses between tetraploid F2s and diploid F1s. Diploid di-hybrid crosses fit the expected 9: 3: 3: 1 ratio for a single, simple recessive gene for both traits, with no evidence of linkage. A novel phenotype representing a combination of parental phenotypes was recovered. Data from backcrosses and selfing support the recessive model. Both traits behaved as expected at the triploid level; however, at the tetraploid level the number of variegated progeny increased, with segregation ratios falling between random chromosome and random chromatid assortment models. We propose the gene symbol var (variegated) and pl (purple leaf) for the variegated and purple genes, respectively. Triploid pollen stained moderately well (41%), but pollen germination was low (6%). Triploid plants were highly infertile, demonstrating extremely low male fertility and no measurable female fertility (no viable seed production). The present research demonstrates the feasibility of breeding simultaneously for ornamental traits and non-invasiveness.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Olsen, Richard T. and Ranney, Thomas G. and Werner, Dennis J.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={725–730} }
 @misc{werner_snelling_2006, title={Peach tree named 'Galactica'}, volume={PP17,118}, number={2006 Sept. 26}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Snelling, L.}, year={2006} }
 @article{beckman_alcazar_sherman_werner_2005, title={Evidence for qualitative suppression of red skin color in peach}, volume={40}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Beckman, T. G. and Alcazar, J. R. and Sherman, W. B. and Werner, D. J.}, year={2005}, pages={523–524} }
 @article{werner_chaparro_2005, title={Genetic interactions of pillar and weeping peach genotypes}, volume={40}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Werner, D. J. and Chaparro, J. X.}, year={2005}, pages={18–20} }
 @article{elliott_werner_fantz_2004, title={A  Hybrid of Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis 'Nanho Purple' and B-lindleyana}, volume={39}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, author={Elliott, W. and Werner, D. J. and Fantz, P. R.}, year={2004}, pages={1581–1583} }
 @misc{werner_worthington_snelling_2002, title={Peach tree named 'Intrepid'}, volume={PP12,357}, number={2002 Jan. 15}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Worthington, S. and Snelling, L.}, year={2002} }
 @misc{werner_worthington_snelling_2002, title={Peach-challenger cultivar}, volume={PP12,375}, number={2002 Jan. 29}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Worthington, S. and Snelling, L.}, year={2002} }
 @article{gettys_werner_2002, title={Stokes aster}, volume={12}, number={1}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Gettys, L. A. and Werner, D. J.}, year={2002}, pages={138–142} }
 @article{werner_worthington_snelling_2001, title={Challenger and Intrepid peaches}, volume={55}, ISBN={1527-3741}, number={3}, journal={Journal American Pomological Society}, author={Werner, D. J. and Worthington, S. M. and Snelling, L. K.}, year={2001}, pages={189–191} }
 @article{gettys_werner_2001, title={Genetic diversity and relatedness among cultivars of stokes aster}, volume={36}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, author={Gettys, L. A. and Werner, D. J.}, year={2001}, pages={1323–1326} }
 @misc{werner_worthington_snelling_2001, title={Peach tree named 'China Pearl'}, volume={PP11,914}, number={2001 June 12}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Worthington, S. and Snelling, L.}, year={2001} }
 @misc{werner_worthington_snelling_2001, title={Peach tree named 'Corinthian Pink'}, volume={PP11,902}, number={2001 June 5}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Worthington, S. and Snelling, L.}, year={2001} }
 @misc{werner_worthington_snelling_2000, title={Peach tree named 'Corinthian Mauve'}, volume={PP11,576}, number={2000 Oct. 17}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Worthington, S. and Snelling, L.}, year={2000} }
 @misc{werner_worthington_snelling_2000, title={Peach tree named 'Corinthian Rose'}, volume={PP11,564}, number={2000 Oct. 10}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Worthington, S. and Snelling, L.}, year={2000} }
 @misc{werner_worthington_snelling_2000, title={Peach tree named 'Corinthian White'}, volume={PP11,493}, number={2000 Aug. 22}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Werner, D. and Worthington, S. and Snelling, L.}, year={2000} }
 @article{werner_1999, title={Plant breeding efforts in Stokesia, Cercis, and Buddleia at North Carolina State}, volume={49}, number={1999}, journal={Combined Proceedings (International Plant Propagators' Society)}, author={Werner, D. J.}, year={1999}, pages={459–460} }
 @article{werner_okie_1998, title={A history and description of the Prunus persica plant introduction collection}, volume={33}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.33.5.787}, number={5}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Werner, DJ and Okie, WR}, year={1998}, month={Aug}, pages={787–793} }
 @article{werner_creller_chaparro_1998, title={Inheritance of the blood-flesh trait in peach}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.33.7.1243}, abstractNote={Inheritance of the blood-flesh (red-violet mesocarp) trait in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] was investigated in S1, S2, F1, F2, F3, BC1P1, and BC1P2 families derived from `Harrow Blood', a clone showing anthocyanin accumulation in fruit about 45-50 days after anthesis. This trait invariably was associated with the red midrib leaf phenotype in `Harrow Blood', an S1 family from `Harrow Blood', and in green leaf F2 progeny derived from `Harrow Blood' × `Rutgers Red Leaf 2n'. A segregation ratio of about 3 blood-flesh : 1 wild-type was observed in the S1 family, but F1 progeny produced only wild-type fruit. Examination of F2 progeny segregating for the blood-flesh and red leaf traits revealed no evidence of epistasis. Based on segregation ratios in F1, F2, F3, BC1P1, and BC1P2 families from this cross, the F1 family from `Contender × (`Harrow Blood' × `Rutgers Red Leaf 2n'), and six additional F1 families from crosses between `Harrow Blood' and green leaf clones with wild-type fruit, we propose that blood-flesh is controlled by one gene, designated bf (blood-flesh). The blood-flesh phenotype was associated with reduced tree height in S1 and F2 progeny derived from `Harrow Blood'. Segregation for leaf blade color deviated significantly (P = 0.05) from the expected 3 red : 1 green ratio in six of the F2 families derived from selfing seven F1 trees from `Harrow Blood' × `Rutgers Red Leaf 2n'.}, number={7}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Werner, DJ and Creller, MA and Chaparro, JX}, year={1998}, month={Dec}, pages={1243–1246} }
 @article{werner_creller_1997, title={Genetic studies in peach: Inheritance of sweet kernel and male sterility}, volume={122}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.122.2.215}, abstractNote={Inheritance of the sweet kernel trait was studied in F1 and F2 families generated by crossing `Summer Beaut' nectarine (sweet kernel) with `Ellerbe' and `Biscoe' peach. F1 plants showed bitter kernel. Segregation in the F2 fit a 3 bitter : 1 sweet phenotypic ratio, suggesting that sweet kernel is controlled by a single recessive gene, for which the symbol sk is proposed. Sweet kernel (sk) was linked to nectarine (g) at a map distance of 12 cM. Seed bitterness phenotype is controlled by the genotype of the maternal tree and not the genotype of the individual embryo. Inheritance of male sterility derived from plant introduction (PI) 240928 and allelism of male sterile genes found in `Chinese Cling' and `White Glory' were investigated. Analysis of F1, F1 open-pollinated, and BC1 families derived from crossing PI 240928 with six different wild-type cultivars showed that male sterility in PI 240928 is controlled by cytoplasmic factors. Allelism studies showed that the male-sterile gene found in `White Glory' is not allelic to ps found in `Chinese Cling', and hence is designated ps2.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Werner, DJ and Creller, MA}, year={1997}, month={Mar}, pages={215–217} }
 @article{walker_werner_1997, title={Isozyme and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses of Cherokee rose and its putative hybrids 'Silver Moon' and 'Anemone'}, volume={122}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.122.5.659}, abstractNote={Two banding patterns were revealed by phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozyme analysis of 24 accessions of Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.) from eight southeastern states, based on the presence (in 5 accessions) or absence (in 19 accessions) of an additional slow-migrating band. RAPD analysis of these accessions showed a corresponding division into the same two groups determined by PGM analysis, except for two accessions with unique RAPD phenotypes. Field-grown accessions showed distinguishing morphological characters corresponding to the groupings from the isozyme and RAPD analyses. Those in the predominant isozyme and RAPD groups, as well as the two with unique RAPD phenotypes, exhibited smooth lateral stems, while those in both nonpredominant groups exhibited markedly bristly laterals. These results suggest that the 24 accessions are ramets of two major clones with one clone predominating and that, contrary to long-standing belief, the Cherokee rose has not naturalized by reseeding in the southeast. PGM and RAPD analyses of putative Cherokee rose hybrids `Anemone' and `Silver Moon' showed that `Anemone' is likely to be such a hybrid but that `Silver Moon' is not. Historical records revealed that widespread vegetative propagation of the Cherokee rose was initiated in 1820-21 and that L. Wiesener, not J.C. Schmidt, was the originator of `Anemone'.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Walker, CA and Werner, DJ}, year={1997}, month={Sep}, pages={659–664} }
 @inproceedings{grattapaglia_chaparro_wilcox_mccord_crane_amerson_werner_liu_o'malley_whetten_et al._1993, title={Application of genetic markers to tree breeding}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 22nd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Grattapaglia, D. and Chaparro, J. and Wilcox, P. and McCord, S. and Crane, B. and Amerson, H. and Werner, D. and Liu, B. H. and O'Malley, D. and Whetten, R. and et al.}, year={1993}, pages={452–463} }
 @article{werner_1992, title={CATALASE POLYMORPHISM AND INHERITANCE IN PEACH}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.27.1.41}, abstractNote={Catalase isozymes were examined in a wide range of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars representing historical U.S. cultivars, commercial cultivars from numerous North American breeding programs, and the peach plant introduction (PI) collection. All historical peach cultivars from the United States and those released from commercial breeding programs were fixed for the slow (Cat l-2) allele, with the exception of `Belle of Georgia', `Honeyglo' nectarine, and various cultivars from the Univ. of Florida breeding program, which possessed a fast-migrating (Cat 1-l) allele in homozygous or heterozygous state. Polymorphism was revealed in the 51 peach PI clones examined, with allelic frequencies of 0.69 and 0.31 for the Cat l-2 and Cat l-1 alleles, respectively. Most PIs that originated directly from China were homozygous Cat l-l/Cat l-l, while most PI clones introduced from Europe were homozygous Cat l-2/Cat l-2. Examination of the catalase genotype of cultivars previously proposed as the possible male parent of `Belle of Georgia' (`Champion', `Early Crawford', `Late Crawford', `Oldmixion Free', and `Stump-the-World') revealed that none of these cultivars could have been the male parent of `Belle of Georgia'. Segregation data from various peach crosses was consistent with the hypothesis that catalase polymorphism could be explained by the presence of two alleles at a single locus.}, number={1}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={WERNER, DJ}, year={1992}, month={Jan}, pages={41–43} }
 @inproceedings{grattapaglia_chaparro_wilcox_mccord_werner_amerson_mckeand_bridgwater_whetten_o'malley_et al._1992, title={Mapping in woody plants with RAPD markers: application to breeding in forestry and horticulture}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Symposium on the Applications of RAPD Technology to Plant Breeding}, publisher={Joint Plant Breeding Symposium Series,  Crop Science Society of America, American Society for Horticultural Science, and American Genetics Association}, author={Grattapaglia, D. and Chaparro, J. and Wilcox, P. and McCord, S. and Werner, D. and Amerson, H. and McKeand, S. and Bridgwater, F. and Whetten, R. and O'Malley, D. and et al.}, year={1992}, pages={37–40} }
 @article{werner_moxley_1991, title={RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYME GENOTYPE AND PLANT VIGOR IN PEACH}, volume={116}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.116.2.327}, abstractNote={The relationship between malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozyme genotype and plant vigor in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was examined in two F2 populations (selfed `Belle of Georgia' and `Cresthaven') segregating at the Mdh1 locus. Total progeny examined were 1610 and 998 in the `Belle of Georgia' and `Cresthaven' populations, respectively. In both populations, plant vigor (as defined by total height and trunk caliper after 1 year of growth) was significantly less in Mdh1-1/Mdh1-1 homozygotes. Homozygous Mdh1-2/Mdh1-2 individuals showed the greatest vigor, and were significantly different in vigor from Mdh1-1/Mdh1-1 homozygotes in both populations and from Mdh1-1/Mdh1-2 heterozygotes in the `Belle of Georgia' population. A significant deviation from the expected 1 Mdh1-1/Mdh1-1: 2 Mdh1-1/Mdh1-1: 1 Mdh1-2/Mdh1-2 ratio was observed in the `Belle of Georgia' population, suggesting moderate lethality of homozygous Mdh1-1/Mdh1-1 genotypes.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={WERNER, DJ and MOXLEY, DF}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={327–329} }
 @article{werner_mowrey_young_1988, title={Chilling requirement and post-rest heat accumulation as related to difference in time of bloom between peach and western sand cherry}, volume={113}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Werner, D. J. and Mowrey, B. D. and Young, E.}, year={1988}, pages={775} }
 @article{werner_ritchie_1982, title={'Carolina Red' nectarine}, volume={17}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, author={Werner, D. J. and Ritchie, D. F.}, year={1982}, pages={987} }
 @article{werner_ballington_1982, title={Flesh browning of peach and nectarine cultivars}, volume={36}, number={1}, journal={Fruit Varieties Journal}, author={Werner, D. J. and Ballington, J. R.}, year={1982}, pages={12} }
 @article{werner_young_1982, title={Influence of rootstock on respiration of dormant stem and flower-bud tissues of 'Redhaven' peach}, volume={17}, number={4}, journal={HortScience}, author={Werner, D. J. and Young, E.}, year={1982}, pages={662} }
 @book{werner_ritchie_1982, title={Peach cultivars introduced by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service 1965 to 1981}, number={464}, journal={Peach cultivars introduced by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service 1965 to 1981}, publisher={Raleigh, N.C.: Agricultural Research Service, NCSU}, author={Werner, D. J. and Ritchie, D. F.}, year={1982}, pages={11} }
 @article{werner_young_1982, title={SHORT-TERM GROWTH ANALYSIS OF LOVELL AND NEMAGUARD PEACH ROOTSTOCKS}, volume={57}, ISSN={["0022-1589"]}, DOI={10.1080/00221589.1982.11515067}, abstractNote={SummaryA 14-week study was conducted to investigate differences in growth characteristics between cvs Lovell and Nemaguard peach rootstocks. Nemaguard exhibited a higher absolute growth rate, and had significantly greater values for leaf weight ratio and leaf-root dry weight ratio as compared to Lovell. Significant differences were detected between the two cultivars for root-shoot ratio and fresh weight-dry weight ratio. Nemaguard had a significantly greater root-shoot ratio early in development but exhibited a lower ratio for the final four harvest dates. The fresh weight-dry weight ratio showed a similar pattern. No significant differences in relative growth rate, unit-leaf rate or leaf area ratio were detected.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={WERNER, DJ and YOUNG, E}, year={1982}, pages={377–381} }
 @article{werner_correll_ballington_clayton_ritchie_1981, title={'Derby' peach}, volume={16}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Werner, D. J. and Correll, F. E. and Ballington, J. R. and Clayton, C. N. and Ritchie, D. F.}, year={1981}, pages={231} }
 @article{werner_chang_1981, title={Stain testing viability in stored peach pollen}, volume={16}, number={4}, journal={HortScience}, author={Werner, D. J. and Chang, S.}, year={1981}, pages={522} }