@article{breidt_medina_wafa_perez-diaz_franco_huang_johanningsmeier_kim_2013, title={Characterization of Cucumber Fermentation Spoilage Bacteria by Enrichment Culture and 16S rDNA Cloning}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1750-3841"]}, DOI={10.1111/1750-3841.12057}, abstractNote={Abstract Commercial cucumber fermentations are typically carried out in 40000 L fermentation tanks. A secondary fermentation can occur after sugars are consumed that results in the formation of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, concomitantly with the loss of lactic acid and an increase in pH. Spoilage fermentations can result in significant economic loss for industrial producers. The microbiota that result in spoilage remain incompletely defined. Previous studies have implicated yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridia as having a role in spoilage fermentations. We report that Propionibacterium and Pectinatus isolates from cucumber fermentation spoilage converted lactic acid to propionic acid, increasing pH. The analysis of 16S rDNA cloning libraries confirmed and expanded the knowledge gained from previous studies using classical microbiological methods. Our data show that Gram‐negative anaerobic bacteria supersede Gram‐positive Fermincutes species after the pH rises from around 3.2 to pH 5, and propionic and butyric acids are produced. Characterization of the spoilage microbiota is an important first step in efforts to prevent cucumber fermentation spoilage.Practical Application An understanding of the microorganisms that cause commercial cucumber fermentation spoilage may aid in developing methods to prevent the spoilage from occurring.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE}, author={Breidt, Fred and Medina, Eduardo and Wafa, Doria and Perez-Diaz, Ilenys and Franco, Wendy and Huang, Hsin-Yu and Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. and Kim, Jae Ho}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={M470–M476} }
 @article{gawish_ramadan_cornelius_bourham_matthews_mccord_wafa_breidt_2007, title={New functionalities of PA6,6 fabric modified by atmospheric pressure plasma and grafted glycidyl methacrylate derivatives}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/0040517507076747}, abstractNote={ Oxidative atmospheric pressure plasma was utilized to activate surface of PA 6,6 fabrics followed by graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and further reacted with triethylene tetramine (TETA), quaternary ammonium chitosan (HTCC) or β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The inner CD cavity was complexed with some insecticidal perfumes. Modified PA6,6 fabrics were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity and insect repelling assay were conducted and showed efficient antimicrobial and insect repelling properties. }, number={2}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Gawish, S. M. and Ramadan, A. M. and Cornelius, C. E. and Bourham, M. A. and Matthews, S. R. and McCord, M. G. and Wafa, D. M. and Breidt, F.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={92–104} }
 @article{gawish_matthews_wafa_breidt_bourham_2007, title={Atmospheric plasma-aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. I. Synthesis and characterization}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.24021}, abstractNote={AbstractNovel biocidal fabrics were synthesized by the graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto plasma‐treated nonwoven polypropylene (PP) to produce PP/GMA grafts. Atmospheric oxygenated helium plasma was used to enhance the PP fabrics' initiation before GMA grafting. The grafted PP/GMA epoxide group was reacted with β‐cyclodextrin, monochlorotrizynyl‐β‐cyclodextrins, or a quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative [N‐(2 hydroxy propyl) 3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride]. Some interesting biocidal agents were complexed into the cyclodextrin (CD) cavity of PP/GMA/CD grafted fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the grafted complexed fabrics. These synthesized biocidal fabrics proved to be antistatic, antimicrobial, and insect‐repelling (see part II of this study). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1900–1910, 2007}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Gawish, S. M. and Matthews, S. R. and Wafa, D. M. and Breidt, F. and Bourham, M. A.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={1900–1910} }
 @article{wafa_breidt_gawish_matthews_donohue_roe_bourham_2007, title={Atmospheric plasma-aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. II. Functionality of synthesized fabrics}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, DOI={10.1002/app.24042}, abstractNote={AbstractAtmospheric plasma‐aided graft copolymerization of textile materials provides single or multiple functionality polypropylene (PP) modified fabrics. Biocidal PP's are modified ones to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, and fungi, and insect and tick repelling action. Novel PP biocidal fabrics synthesized by graft copolymerization using plasma‐aided technique (see part I of this study) using antibacterial and insect repellent agents have been tested and evaluated and proved to be antimicrobial, tick repellent, and antistatic. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1911–1917, 2007}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Wafa, D. M. and Breidt, F. and Gawish, S. M. and Matthews, S. R. and Donohue, K. V. and Roe, R. M. and Bourham, M. A.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={1911–1917} }