@article{goehring_dorman_osterrieder_burgess_dougherty_gross_neinast_pusterla_soboll-hussey_lunn_2024, title={Pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of equine herpesvirus-1 in domesticated horses: A systematic review}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17016}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.17016}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Goehring, Lutz and Dorman, David C. and Osterrieder, Klaus and Burgess, Brandy A. and Dougherty, Kelsie and Gross, Peggy and Neinast, Claire and Pusterla, Nicola and Soboll-Hussey, Gisela and Lunn, David P.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{lunn_burgess_dorman_goehring_gross_osterrieder_pusterla_hussey_2024, title={Updated ACVIM consensus statement on equine herpesvirus-1}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17047}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.17047}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Lunn, David P. and Burgess, Brandy A. and Dorman, David C. and Goehring, Lutz S. and Gross, Peggy and Osterrieder, Klaus and Pusterla, Nicola and Hussey, Gisela Soboll}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{soboll-hussey_dorman_burgess_goehring_gross_neinast_osterrieder_pusterla_lunn_2023, title={Relationship between equine herpesvirus-1 viremia and abortion or equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in domesticated horses: A systematic review}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16948}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16948}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Soboll-Hussey, Gisela and Dorman, David C. and Burgess, Brandy A. and Goehring, Lutz and Gross, Peggy and Neinast, Claire and Osterrieder, Klaus and Pusterla, Nicola and Lunn, David P.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{osterrieder_dorman_burgess_goehring_gross_neinast_pusterla_hussey_lunn_2023, title={Vaccination for the prevention of equine herpesvirus-1 disease in domesticated horses: A systematic review and meta-analysis}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16895}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16895}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Osterrieder, Klaus and Dorman, David C. and Burgess, Brandy A. and Goehring, Lutz S. and Gross, Peggy and Neinast, Claire and Pusterla, Nicola and Hussey, Gisela Soboll and Lunn, David P.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{pusterla_dorman_burgess_goehring_gross_osterrieder_soboll hussey_lunn_2023, title={Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus-1 infection in domesticated horses}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16958}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16958}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Pusterla, Nicola and Dorman, David C. and Burgess, Brandy A. and Goehring, Lutz and Gross, Margaret and Osterrieder, Klaus and Soboll Hussey, Gisela and Lunn, David P.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{lunn_fingland_goldstein_mashima_mclaughlin_nelson_roth_sweeney_zimmel_2019, title={AAVMC Internship Program Guidelines 2018}, volume={46}, ISSN={0748-321X 1943-7218}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0718-082r}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.0718-082r}, abstractNote={ Veterinary internships are common 1-year post-graduate clinical training programs that are offered both at veterinary colleges and in private practice settings. To promote the quality of these training programs, the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) charged a working group to develop these internship guidelines, which were approved by the AAVMC in 2018 and have also been endorsed by the American Association of Veterinary Clinicians. These guidelines are intended to be applicable to all internships, in both academic and private practice settings, and they place particular emphasis on three aspects of internship training programs: competency-based education, intern well-being, and program outcome. }, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Medical Education}, publisher={University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)}, author={Lunn, D. Paul and Fingland, Roger B. and Goldstein, Richard and Mashima, Ted Y. and McLaughlin, Ron and Nelson, Laura L. and Roth, Ira G. and Sweeney, Corinne R. and Zimmel, Dana}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={139–144} }
 @article{kydd_lunn_osterrieder_2019, title={Report of the Fourth International Havemeyer Workshop on Equid Herpesviruses (EHV) EHV-1, EHV-2 and EHV-5}, volume={51}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.13141}, abstractNote={Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.}, number={5}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Kydd, J. H. and Lunn, D. P. and Osterrieder, K.}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={565–568} }
 @article{goehring_brandes_ashton_wittenburg_olea-popelka_lunn_hussey_2017, title={Anti-inflammatory drugs decrease infection of brain endothelial cells with EHV-1 in vitro}, volume={49}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.12656}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={5}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Goehring, L. S. and Brandes, K. and Ashton, L. V. and Wittenburg, L. A. and Olea-Popelka, F. J. and Lunn, D. P. and Hussey, G. Soboll}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={629–636} }
 @article{hackett_lunn_ferris_horohov_lappin_mccue_2015, title={Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals}, volume={47}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.12307}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Hackett, E. S. and Lunn, D. P. and Ferris, R. A. and Horohov, D. W. and Lappin, M. R. and McCue, P. M.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={405–409} }
 @article{lunn_antczak_mccue_richardson_scollaly_2014, title={"Equine research - our only business': The Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation}, volume={46}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.12292}, abstractNote={This edition of the Equine Veterinary Journal contains the first of a series of six reviews commissioned in partnership with the Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation (GJCRF). The reviews do not attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of equine research, but are focused on some of the most important contemporary equine research topics and are complimentary to other recent EVJ reviews, such as those on laminitis [1] and musculoskeletal adaptations to exercise [2], both of which are of particular interest to the GJCRF. The authors of this editorial served as editors for the series in our capacity as members and former members of the GJCRF Research Advisory Committee. The GJCRF is one of the leading sources of funding of equine research in the world, alongside other organisations, such as the Horserace Betting Levy Board in the UK and the Morris Animal Foundation in the USA. All these organisations use peer review as a critical component of their competitive grants programmes. The GJCRF was established 25 years ago (although the parent foundations enjoy longer histories; for details see http:// www.grayson-jockeyclub.org). The mission of the GJCRF is to fund research that can help horses, and promote their welfare and safety. The annual competitive funding process was reorganised in 1999 by Drs Larry Bramlage and Gary Lavin, and remains a strong model of excellence among veterinary funding foundations. Funding recommendations are made by a Research Advisory Committee that includes scientists and equine practitioners from academia and industry, which positions the group to assess not only the scientific merit of proposals, but also the likelihood of meaningful impact on the problem studied and on the horse itself. Another key feature of the process is that beyond scoring the proposals for science and impact, the committee ranks the proposals in a ‘head-to-head’ competition. This single feature, while simple in concept, has proved to be a powerful tool for identifying the strongest proposals to fund. The GJCRF has provided well over $20,000,000 in research grant funding to date, and also provides Storm Cat Career Development Awards annually to several young equine scientists. Notably, while the GJCRF is a North American organisation, it not infrequently funds proposals from universities in other countries. The outcome of grant awards is carefully tracked by the GJCRF, and peer-reviewed manuscript publication is an expectation of all awardees. The GJCRF will fund any research project that promotes its mission, but an analysis of the past 15 years of funding (since the reorganisation of the competitive review process in 1999) demonstrates some striking trends. Slightly over a third of all awards were given for studies of musculoskeletal disease, including laminitis, and a similar number for infectious disease studies. When laminitis is considered alone, it is the single disease entity that has received the highest research funding from the GJCRF. It is interesting to compare these GJCRF research-funding patterns with what equine veterinarians consider to be the most pressing areas in need of research focus. The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) conducted an online survey of its members in 2009 to determine equine research needs. Over 570 members responded, 88% of whom practised in the USA. The most important research categories were laminitis, colic, musculoskeletal diseases and racing injury, and infectious disease, followed by noninfectious respiratory disease and diseases of the foal. Perhaps the biggest difference between the priorities of the AAEP practitioners and the GJCRF funding history is in the field of colic research, as a relatively small number of grants have been awarded in this area. We speculate that the reasons lie in the difficulty in studying colic using ethically acceptable equine models, while studies of naturally occurring colic are extremely challenging due to the high variability in the types and causes of this condition. Nevertheless, when we consider the other research targets it is reassuring to see the close parallels between the priorities of this group of equine clinicians and the funding history of the GJCRF during the past decade and a half. Recently. the GJCRF Research Advisory Committee conducted its own review of the most critical needs in equine research. Among the highest priorities were musculoskeletal disease (including laminitis), racing safety and infectious/contagious disease. Interestingly, only two of these priorities represent conventional scientific topics, while ‘racing safety’ captures the pressing need for scientific studies that improve the safety and well-being of horses in competition. In recent times, horse enthusiasts and the general public have been challenged by misfortunes that have befallen both the horse and some parts of the equine industry. Competitive fatalities and injuries, the ‘unwanted horse’ and outbreaks of infectious disease have all caused us to consider whether there is more that we can do for the horse. In many instances, these challenges need to be addressed by answering scientific questions and applying new knowledge. However, research cannot address all these problems. In some cases, scientists have already provided the needed answers, and the problem is our reluctance to implement the solutions. In other cases, the challenges are economic, societal or bound up in tradition and beyond the reach of scientific method. The good news is that research can provide answers to many of these questions if researchers receive support from organisations such as GJCRF. In determining the focus for this series of six reviews from many deserving priorities, we selected topics that included fast-evolving contemporary research, such as regenerative medicine and genetics, or areas that were overdue for authoritative review, such as stallion fertility and the development of equine immunity, and finally, areas that are always contemporary and a constant challenge for equine clinicians, such as biosecurity and infection control, and pain control. The goals were to provide readers with the best contemporary understanding of the fields and to establish the critical knowledge gaps that research must close in the future. We are grateful to the authors for their excellent efforts in achieving these goals. As members of the equine research community, we are also very grateful to the research foundations and donors that make our work possible and, in the case of the GJCRF, we are particularly grateful for the vision, commitment and fund-raising prowess of the Chair of the Board of Directors, Ms Dell Hancock of Claiborne Farm (Paris, Kentucky, USA) and for bs_bs_banner}, number={4}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Lunn, D. P. and Antczak, D. F. and McCue, P. and Richardson, D. and Scollaly, M.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={515–516} }
 @article{hussey_ashton_quintana_walle_osterrieder_lunn_2014, title={Equine herpesvirus type 1 pUL56 modulates innate responses of airway epithelial cells}, volume={464}, ISSN={["0042-6822"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.023}, abstractNote={Recently, the product of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) ORF1, a homolog to HSV-1 pUL56, was shown to modulate MHC-I expression and innate immunity. Here, we investigated modulation of respiratory epithelial immunity by EHV-1 pUL56 and compared responses to those of PBMCs, which are important target cells that allow cell-associated EHV-1 viremia. The salient observations are as follows: (i) EHV-1 significantly down-modulated MHC-I and MHC-II expression in equine respiratory epithelial cells (ERECs). MHC-I expression remained unaffected in PBMCs and MHC-II expression was increased. (ii) Infection with an EHV-1 ORF1 deletion mutant partially restored MHC-I and MHC-II expression and altered IFN-alpha and IL-10 mRNA expression. (iii) Deletion of EHV-1 ORF1 also significantly increased chemokine expression and chemotaxis of monocytes and neutrophils in ERECs. Collectively, these results suggest a role for EHV-1 pUL56 in modulation of antigen presentation, cytokine expression and chemotaxis at the respiratory epithelium, but not in PBMC.}, journal={VIROLOGY}, author={Hussey, Gisela Soboll and Ashton, Laura V. and Quintana, Ayshea M. and Walle, Gerlinde R. and Osterrieder, Nikolaus and Lunn, David P.}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={76–86} }
 @article{hussey_ashton_quintana_lunn_goehring_annis_landolt_2014, title={Innate immune responses of airway epithelial cells to infection with Equine herpesvirus-1}, volume={170}, ISSN={["1873-2542"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.018}, abstractNote={Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is the cause of respiratory disease, abortion and myelitis in horses worldwide. Protection following infection or vaccination is typically incomplete and this lack of protective immunity is thought to be due to the immunomodulatory properties of EHV-1. EHV-1 immune modulation is likely initiated early in the infection cycle at the respiratory epithelium, but to date, immunity to EHV-1 at the epithelial cell barrier remains poorly characterized. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use a recently established primary equine respiratory epithelial cell culture (EREC) system to characterize innate immunity to EHV-1. Differentiated ERECs were inoculated with a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1 and cytokine responses were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II as well as toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR9 protein expression were examined using fluorescence activated cell-sorting analysis and chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes were evaluated using chemotaxis assays. Infection with EHV-1 resulted in increased expression of TLR3 and 9 as well as inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, and IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1). In contrast, EHV-1 infection caused marked decreases of MHC-I and MHC-II expression as well as a reduction in IFN-gamma production. In summary, these results provide an initial characterization of the early immune response to EHV-1 at the epithelial cell barrier and show that, while EHV-1 maintains induction of an inflammatory response, it causes an attenuation of IFN-gamma responses and down-modulates expression of MHC-I and MHC-II, which are important molecules for antigen presentation.}, number={1-2}, journal={VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Hussey, Gisela Soboll and Ashton, Laura V. and Quintana, Ayshea M. and Lunn, David P. and Goehring, Lutz S. and Annis, Kristina and Landolt, Gabriele}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={28–38} }
 @article{broccardo_hussey_goehring_lunn_prenni_2014, title={Proteomic Characterization of Equine Cerebrospinal Fluid}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2013.07.013}, abstractNote={Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biofluid that is reflective of overall health. Although proteomic profiling of human CSF has been performed in the context of a variety of disease states, this report represents the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of equine CSF. A total of 320 proteins were confidently identified across six healthy horses, and these proteins were further characterized by gene ontology terms mapped in UniProt, and normalized spectral abundance factors were calculated as a measure of relative abundance. Theses results provide an optimized protocol for analysis of equine CSF and lay the groundwork for future studies involving the study of equine CSF in the context of pathogenic disease states.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Broccardo, Carolyn J. and Hussey, Gisela Soboll and Goehring, Lutz and Lunn, Paul and Prenni, Jessica E.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={451–458} }
 @article{stringer_lunn_reid_2014, title={Science in brief: Report on the first Havemeyer workshop on infectious diseases in working equids, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November 2013}, volume={47}, ISSN={0425-1644}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evj.12359}, DOI={10.1111/evj.12359}, abstractNote={The working equid is of vital importance in many low-income countries where horses, mules and donkeys are the primary means of transport and traction. Notwithstanding basic husbandry and welfare needs, infectious diseases compromise the health and welfare of these working animals, which in turn threatens the livelihoods of the most vulnerable members of society. A workshop on Infectious Diseases of Working Equids was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in November 2013, attended by 35 participants representing academia, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), governmental institutions and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The aim of the workshop was to identify ways to reduce the burden of infectious diseases in working equids worldwide. The specific workshop goals were as follows: 1) to identify the global working equid population and define its role in low-income countries with respect to food security, poverty alleviation and gender equity; 2) to collate the current knowledge of infectious diseases in working equids and identify key priority pathogens responsible for high morbidity and mortality; 3) to identify current diagnostic, surveillance, treatment and prevention strategies for infectious diseases in working equids and identify gaps and strategies needed for future control programmes; 4) to identify current and future roles and responsibilities of various institutions and stakeholders in infectious disease control of working equids and ways to engage them in effective disease reduction; and 5) to identify key focus areas with the greatest opportunities for impact on the occurrence of infectious diseases affecting working equids and form consensus opinions on the future goals and strategies to reduce the impact of infectious diseases on working equids. Workshop presentations focused on the role of working equids and their impact on livelihoods, priority infectious diseases, surveillance and disease control strategies, regulatory policies, the role of institutions in disease control, research gaps and funding opportunities. This workshop report focuses on the following 3 areas: working equids and their role in livelihoods; infectious diseases of working equids; and solutions and strategies for the future.}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Stringer, A. and Lunn, D. P. and Reid, S.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={6–9} }
 @article{carlson_traub-dargatz_lunn_morley_kohler_kasper_landolt_barnett_lunn_2013, title={Equine Viral Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance at Horse Shows and Sales}, volume={33}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.06.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2012.06.006}, abstractNote={Equine respiratory viral infections cause significant worldwide disease and economic loss. Common causes include equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine herpesviruses-1 and -4 (EHV-1 and -4), and risk of exposure to these agents may be highest in young horses commingling at sales and competitive events. A surveillance study was conducted at two horse shows and two Thoroughbred sales to determine whether horses shed EHV-1, EHV-4, or EIV on arrival, or 2-4 days later, and whether shedding was associated with identifiable risk factors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect EHV-1, EHV-4, and EIV nucleic acid in nasal swabs obtained from 369 horses at the four events. In response to evidence of clinical disease, 82 additional horses were sampled at two farms providing horses for one of the sales. On arrival at the events, shedding of EHV-1 was detected in 3.3%, EHV-4 in 1.1%, and EIV in 0.8% of horses. EHV-1 was detected at low levels, and EHV-1 and EHV-4 detection was not associated with clinical disease. EIV was detected only in horses at a Thoroughbred sale, in association with an outbreak of respiratory disease traced back to regional farms. On arrival at events, horses younger than 2 years had a significantly greater risk of shedding EHV-1 compared with older horses; no other significant risk factors associated with viral shedding were identified. Thus, there is a risk of exposure to EIV, EHV-1, and EHV-4 at equine events, and horses and events should be managed to mitigate this risk.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Carlson, Jennifer K. and Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. and Lunn, D. Paul and Morley, Paul S. and Kohler, Andi and Kasper, Katheryne and Landolt, Gabriele A. and Barnett, D. Craig and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={229–237} }
 @article{hussey_goehring_lunn_hussey_huang_osterrieder_powell_hand_holz_slater_2013, title={Experimental infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) induces chorioretinal lesions}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1297-9716"]}, DOI={10.1186/1297-9716-44-118}, abstractNote={Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalitis (EHM) remains one of the most devastating manifestations of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection but our understanding of its pathogenesis remains rudimentary, partly because of a lack of adequate experimental models. EHV-1 infection of the ocular vasculature may offer an alternative model as EHV-1-induced chorioretinopathy appears to occur in a significant number of horses, and the pathogenesis of EHM and ocular EHV-1 may be similar. To investigate the potential of ocular EHV-1 as a model for EHM, and to determine the frequency of ocular EHV-1, our goal was to study: (1) Dissemination of virus following acute infection, (2) Development and frequency of ocular lesions following infection, and (3) Utility of a GFP-expressing virus for localization of the virus in vivo. Viral antigen could be detected following acute infection in ocular tissues and the central nervous system (experiment 1). Furthermore, EHV-1 infection resulted in multifocal choroidal lesions in 90% (experiment 2) and 50% (experiment 3) of experimentally infected horses, however ocular lesions did not appear in vivo until between 3 weeks and 3 months post-infection. Taken together, the timing of the appearance of lesions and their ophthalmoscopic features suggest that their pathogenesis may involve ischemic injury to the chorioretina following viremic delivery of virus to the eye, mirroring the vascular events that result in EHM. In summary, we show that the frequency of ocular EHV-1 is 50-90% following experimental infection making this model attractive for testing future vaccines or therapeutics in an immunologically relevant age group.}, journal={VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Hussey, Gisela Soboll and Goehring, Lutz S. and Lunn, David P. and Hussey, Stephen B. and Huang, Teng and Osterrieder, Nikolaus and Powell, Cynthia and Hand, Jesse and Holz, Carine and Slater, Josh}, year={2013}, month={Dec} }
 @article{goehring_hussey_gomez diez_benedict_maxwell_morley_oldruitenborgh-oosterbaan_lunn_2013, title={Plasma D-Dimer Concentrations during Experimental EHV-1 Infection of Horses}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12203}, abstractNote={BackgroundCentral nervous system blood vessel thrombosis is a part of the pathogenesis of equid herpesvirus‐associated myeloencephalopathy (EHM). D‐dimers (DD) are stable breakdown products of cross‐linked fibrin, and increased DD‐plasma concentrations could reflect the degree of systemic coagulation during EHV‐1 infection.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Goehring, L. S. and Hussey, G. Soboll and Gomez Diez, M. and Benedict, K. and Maxwell, L. K. and Morley, P. S. and Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M. M. Sloet and Lunn, D. P.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={1535–1542} }
 @article{burgess_tokateloff_manning_lohmann_lunn_hussey_morley_2012, title={Nasal Shedding of Equine Herpesvirus-1 from Horses in an Outbreak of Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy in Western Canada}, volume={26}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00885.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00885.x}, abstractNote={BackgroundThere is little information on the duration of nasal shedding of EHV‐1 from horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM).}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Burgess, B.A. and Tokateloff, N. and Manning, S. and Lohmann, K. and Lunn, D.P. and Hussey, S.B. and Morley, P.S.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={384–392} }
 @article{gardiner_lunn_goehring_chiang_cook_osterrieder_mccue_del piero_hussey_hussey_2012, title={Strain impact on equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) abortion models: Viral loads in fetal and placental tissues and foals}, volume={30}, ISSN={0264-410X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.046}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.046}, abstractNote={Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) continues to cause both sporadic and epidemic abortions despite extensive vaccination. Lack of progress in the development of protective vaccines may be hindered by the lack of equine abortion models that employ contemporary EHV-1 strains. The objective of our experiments was to compare a contemporary EHV-1 strain with a previously described challenge strain, and to quantify EHV-1 loads in various maternal and fetal tissues. Infection experiments were performed in two groups of 7 pregnant pony mares at 270–290 days of gestation with a contemporary EHV-1 strain (University of Findlay 2003 isolate – OH03) or an EHV-1 strain isolated over 30 years ago, and previously described in abortion models (Ab4). All mares in both groups exhibited nasal viral shedding and viremia. Infection with OH03 resulted in 1/7 abortion and infection with Ab4 resulted in 5/7 abortions. In the OH03 challenge, placentas of foals delivered at term showed little detectable virus, while the aborted fetus expressed high levels of virus infection in the spleen and liver, lower levels in the lung and thymus, and lowest levels in the chorioallantois. After Ab4 challenge, high viral loads were detected in fetal and placental tissues in abortions. In the two normal deliveries, the chorioallantois contained virus levels comparable with the chorioallantois of aborted foals and both foals shed EHV-1 starting on day 4 of life, but were clinically healthy. Our results demonstrate the continued importance of strain selection for abortion models, and this study is the first report of viral load quantification using contemporary methods. Extremely high EHV-1 loads in decidua from abortions illustrate the infection risk posed to other horses.}, number={46}, journal={Vaccine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gardiner, David W. and Lunn, David P. and Goehring, Lutz S. and Chiang, Yu-Wei and Cook, Corey and Osterrieder, Nikolaus and McCue, Patrick and Del Piero, Fabio and Hussey, Stephen B. and Hussey, Gisela Soboll}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={6564–6572} }
 @article{kydd_slater_osterrieder_lunn_antczak_azab_balasuriya_barnett_brosnahan_cook_et al._2012, title={Third International Havemeyer Workshop on Equine Herpesvirus type 1}, volume={44}, ISSN={0425-1644}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00604.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00604.x}, abstractNote={Supplementary item 1 Scientific questions for future investigation of EHV-1, with unknown factors and potential approaches. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.}, number={5}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kydd, J. H. and Slater, J. and Osterrieder, N. and Lunn, D. P. and Antczak, D. F. and Azab, W. and Balasuriya, U. and Barnett, C. and Brosnahan, M. and Cook, C. and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={513–517} }
 @article{soboll hussey_lunn_hussey_broccardo_broeckling_prenni_ashton_goehring_2012, title={Use of CSF biomarkers as a model to study EHM}, volume={32}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.139}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.139}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Soboll Hussey, G. and Lunn, D.P. and Hussey, S.B. and Broccardo, C. and Broeckling, C. and Prenni, J. and Ashton, L.V. and Goehring, L.S.}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={S64–S65} }
 @article{durando_birks_hussey_lunn_2011, title={Cardiac Troponin I Concentrations in Ponies Challenged with Equine Influenza Virus}, volume={25}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0680.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0680.x}, abstractNote={Background:  Myocarditis is thought to occur secondary to equine influenza virus (EIV) infections in horses, but there is a lack of published evidence.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Durando, M.M. and Birks, E.K. and Hussey, S.B. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={339–344} }
 @article{dauvillier_felippe_lunn_lavoie-lamoureux_leclère_beauchamp_lavoie_2011, title={Effect of Long-Term Fluticasone Treatment on Immune Function in Horses with Heaves}, volume={25}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0717.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0717.x}, abstractNote={Background:Corticosteroids currently are the most effective pharmacological treatment available to control heaves in horses. Systemically administered corticosteroids have been shown to alter immune response in horses, humans, and other species. Aerosolized administration theoretically minimizes systemic adverse effects, but the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on immune function has not been evaluated in horses.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Dauvillier, J. and Felippe, M.J.B. and Lunn, D.P. and Lavoie-Lamoureux, A. and Leclère, M. and Beauchamp, G. and Lavoie, J.-P.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={549–557} }
 @inbook{lunn_mcilwraith_2011, place={Chichester, UK}, title={Equine Health and Disease}, booktitle={Equine Welfare}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing}, author={Lunn, D.P. and McIlwraith, W.}, editor={McIlwraith, W and Rollin, BEditors}, year={2011}, pages={59–70} }
 @article{wilsterman_soboll-hussey_lunn_ashton_callan_hussey_rao_goehring_2011, title={Equine herpesvirus-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations during viremia}, volume={149}, ISSN={0378-1135}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.10.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.10.004}, abstractNote={Infection with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, late term abortions and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalitis (EHM) and remains an important problem in horses worldwide. Despite increasing outbreaks of EHM in recent years, our understanding of EHM pathogenesis is still limited except for the knowledge that a cell-associated viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a critical link between primary respiratory EHV-1 infection and secondary complications such as late-term abortion or EHM. To address this question our objective was to identify which PBMC subpopulation(s) are infected during viremia and may therefore play a role in transmitting the virus to the vascular endothelium of the spinal cord or pregnant uterus. PBMCs from 3 groups of animals were collected between days 4 and 9 following experimental infection with EHV-1 strain Findlay/OH03 or strain Ab4. PBMCs were labeled with primary antibodies selective for CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, or monocytes and positively selected using magnetic bead separation. Cell numbers and EHV-1 genome numbers in each subpopulation were then determined using quantitative PCR for β-actin and the EHV-1 glycoprotein B, respectively. Viral genomic DNA was found in all PBMC subpopulations; the CD8+ lymphocytes were most frequently positive for viral DNA, followed by B-lymphocytes. These differences were statistically significant in horses infected with the EHV-1 strain Findlay/OH03, and ponies with Ab4. These results differ from what has been reported in in vitro studies, and indicate that different PBMC subpopulations may play different roles in EHV-1 viremia.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Microbiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wilsterman, S. and Soboll-Hussey, G. and Lunn, D.P. and Ashton, L.V. and Callan, R.J. and Hussey, S.B. and Rao, S. and Goehring, L.S.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={40–47} }
 @article{soboll hussey_hussey_wagner_horohov_van de walle_osterrieder_goehring_rao_lunn_2011, title={Evaluation of immune responses following infection of ponies with an EHV-1 ORF1/2 deletion mutant}, volume={42}, ISSN={1297-9716}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-42-23}, DOI={10.1186/1297-9716-42-23}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Research}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Soboll Hussey, Gisela and Hussey, Stephen B and Wagner, Bettina and Horohov, David W and Van de Walle, Gerlinde R and Osterrieder, Nikolaus and Goehring, Lutz S and Rao, Sangeeta and Lunn, David P}, year={2011}, pages={23} }
 @article{goehring_hussey_ashton_schenkel_lunn_2011, title={Infection of central nervous system endothelial cells by cell-associated EHV-1}, volume={148}, ISSN={0378-1135}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.030}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.030}, abstractNote={Infection with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, late-term abortions and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalitis (EHM). Our understanding of EHM pathogenesis is limited except for the knowledge that EHV-1 infected, circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transport virus to the central nervous system vasculature causing endothelial cell infection leading to development of EHM. Our objective was to develop a model of CNS endothelial cell infection using EHV-1 infected, autologous PBMC. PBMCs, carotid artery and brain endothelial cells (EC) from 14 horses were harvested and grown to confluency. PBMC or ConA-stimulated PBMCs (ConA-PBMCs) were infected with EHV-1, and sedimented directly onto EC monolayers (‘contact’), or placed in inserts on a porous membrane above the EC monolayer (‘no contact’). Cells were cultured in medium with or without EHV-1 virus neutralizing antibody. Viral infection of ECs was detected by cytopathic effect. Both brain and carotid artery ECs became infected when cultured with EHV-1 infected PBMCs or ConA-PBMCs, either in direct contact or no contact: infection was higher in carotid artery than in brain ECs, and when using ConA-PBMCs compared to PBMCs. Virus neutralizing antibody eliminated infection of ECs in the no contact model only. This was consistent with cell-to-cell spread of EHV-1 infection from leucocytes to ECs, demonstrating the importance of this mode of infection in the presence of antibody, and the utility of this model for study of cellular interactions in EHV-1 infection of ECs.}, number={2-4}, journal={Veterinary Microbiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Goehring, L.S. and Hussey, G.S. and Ashton, L.V. and Schenkel, A.R. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={389–395} }
 @inbook{goehring_lunn_2011, place={Chichester, UK}, edition={2nd}, title={Viral respiratory diseases of the older foal}, booktitle={Equine Reproduction}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Goehring, L. and Lunn, D.P.}, editor={McKinnon, A and Squires, EL and Vaala, W and Voss, JEditors}, year={2011}, pages={720–727} }
 @article{chambers_holland_tudor_townsend_cook_bogdan_lunn_hussey_whitaker dowling_youngner_et al._2010, title={A new modified live equine influenza virus vaccine: phenotypic stability, restricted spread and efficacy against heterologous virus challenge}, volume={33}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249291}, DOI={10.2746/042516401776249291}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={7}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chambers, T. M. and Holland, R. E. and Tudor, L. R. and Townsend, H. G. G. and Cook, A. and Bogdan, J. and Lunn, D. P. and Hussey, S. and Whitaker Dowling, P. and Youngner, J. S. and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={630–636} }
 @article{goehring_wagner_bigbie_hussey_rao_morley_lunn_2010, title={Control of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial vaccines}, volume={28}, ISSN={0264-410X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065}, abstractNote={Equine herpesvirus-1 is a cause of outbreaks of abortion and neurological disease. The pathogenesis of both these diseases depends on establishment of viremia. An experiment was performed to determine the protective efficacy of two commercially available vaccines used with an optimized 3-dose vaccination regime: a modified-live viral (MLV) and a high antigen load killed vaccine licensed for abortion control. The study design was a blinded, randomized challenge trial. Three groups of 8 yearling ponies received one of three treatments: MLV vaccine (Rhinomune, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.); killed vaccine (Pneumabort-K, Pfizer Animal Health); or a placebo (control group). Three vaccinations were administered at intervals of 27 and 70 days followed by challenge infection 24 days later. Clinical disease after challenge was significantly reduced in both vaccine groups; the reduction was greater in the MLV vaccine group. Nasal shedding was reduced by at least 1-2 logs in both vaccine groups. The number of days of viremia was significantly reduced in the killed vaccine group only. This study demonstrated that both commercial vaccines significantly suppressed EHV-1 disease and nasal viral shedding, and one vaccine suppressed days of viremia.}, number={32}, journal={Vaccine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Goehring, L.S. and Wagner, B. and Bigbie, R. and Hussey, S.B. and Rao, S. and Morley, P.S. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={5203–5211} }
 @article{mcclure_deluca_lunn_miller_2010, title={Evaluation of IgG concentration and IgG subisotypes in foals with complete or partial failure of passive transfer after administration of intravenous serum or plasma}, volume={33}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249273}, DOI={10.2746/042516401776249273}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={7}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={McClure, J. T. and DeLuca, J. L. and Lunn, D. P. and Miller, J.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={681–686} }
 @article{o'brien_holmes_lunn_duffus_2010, title={Evidence for MHC class-l restricted cytotoxicity in the one-way, primary mixed lymphocyte reaction}, volume={23}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04754.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04754.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={S12}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={O'Brien, M. A. and Holmes, M. A. and Lunn, D. P. and Duffus, W. P. H.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={30–34} }
 @article{lunn_holmes_gibson_field_kydd_duffus_2010, title={Haematological changes and equine lymphocyte subpopulation kinetics during primary infection and attempted re-infection of specific pathogen free foals with EHV-1}, volume={23}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04755.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04755.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={S12}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, D. P. and Holmes, M. A. and Gibson, J. and Field, H. J. and Kydd, Julia H. and Duffus, W. P. H.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={35–40} }
 @article{lindsay_wiedner_isaza_townsend_boleslawski_lunn_2010, title={Immune responses of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) to commercial tetanus toxoid vaccine}, volume={133}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.005}, abstractNote={Although captive elephants are commonly vaccinated annually against tetanus using commercially available tetanus toxoid vaccines marketed for use in horses and livestock, no data exists to prove that tetanus toxoid vaccination produces measurable antibody titers in elephants. An ELISA test was created to measure antibody responses to tetanus toxoid vaccinations in 22 Asian elephants ranging in age from 24 to 56 years (mean age 39 years) over a 7-month period. All animals had been previously vaccinated with tetanus toxoid vaccine, with the last booster administered 4 years before the start of the study. The great majority of elephants had titers prior to booster vaccination, and following revaccination all elephants demonstrated anamnestic increases in titers, indicating that this species does respond to tetanus vaccination. Surprisingly older animals mounted a significantly higher response to revaccination than did younger animals.}, number={2-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lindsay, William A. and Wiedner, Ellen and Isaza, Ramiro and Townsend, Hugh G.G. and Boleslawski, Maria and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={287–289} }
 @article{landolt_hussey_kreutzer_quintana_lunn_2010, title={Low-dose DNA vaccination into the submandibular lymph nodes in ponies}, volume={167}, ISSN={0042-4900 2042-7670}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.c3891}, DOI={10.1136/vr.c3891}, abstractNote={THE ability to elicit an antigen-specific immune response in horses is desirable, either for protecting them against a pathogen, or for immunomodulation as a means of treating hypersensitivity diseases. While intramuscular administration of an antigen-adjuvant combination often elicits an adequate}, number={8}, journal={Veterinary Record}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Landolt, G. A. and Hussey, S. B. and Kreutzer, K. and Quintana, A. and Lunn, D. P.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={302–303} }
 @article{pusterla_hussey_mapes_johnson_collier_hill_lunn_wilson_2010, title={Molecular Investigation of the Viral Kinetics of Equine Herpesvirus-1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions of Horses after Corticosteroid-Induced Recrudescence of Latent Infection}, volume={24}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0554.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0554.x}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Recrudescence of latent equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) with subsequent viral shedding via nasal secretions is a potential source of infection for susceptible horses and has been implicated in outbreaks occurring in closed populations.


OBJECTIVES
To describe the viral kinetics of reactivated EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions from latently infected horses after administration of corticosteroids, and to study the infectious nature of reactivated EHV-1 to sentinel horses.


ANIMALS
Eight healthy horses.


METHODS
Four horses infected 4 months previously with EHV-1 received dexamethasone on 5 consecutive days. Four seronegative horses served as sentinels and had direct contact with the latently infected horses. All horses were monitored daily for development of clinical signs. Whole blood and nasal secretions were collected daily for molecular detection and cell culture of EHV-1. Serum was collected weekly for the detection of antibodies against EHV-1.


RESULTS
All horses in the latently infected group showed transient molecular detection of EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions, but only 1 horse developed fever. Three latently infected horses developed an increase in antibody concentrations against EHV-l. Viral cultures remained negative for all latently infected horses after corticosteroid administration. None of the sentinel horses developed clinical signs, viremia, viral shedding, or seroconversion.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
EHV-1 was successfully reactivated after corticosteroid administration in latently infected horses. However, transmission of reactivated virus to sentinel horses was unsuccessful. Failure to effectively transmit EHV-1 to susceptible horses may have resulted from the low level and short period of viral shedding in latently infected horses.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pusterla, N. and Hussey, S.B. and Mapes, S. and Johnson, C. and Collier, J.R. and Hill, J. and Lunn, D.P. and Wilson, W.D.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={1153–1157} }
 @article{soboll_hussey_minke_landolt_hunter_jagannatha_lunn_2010, title={Onset and duration of immunity to equine influenza virus resulting from canarypox-vectored (ALVAC®) vaccination}, volume={135}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.007}, abstractNote={Equine influenza virus remains an important problem in horses despite extensive use of vaccination. Efficacy of equine influenza vaccination depends on the onset and duration of protective immunity, and appropriate strain specificity of the immune response. This study was designed to test the protective immunity resulting from vaccination with the North American commercial ALVAC equine influenza vaccine (RECOMBITEK Influenza, Merial, USA)(1) against challenge with American lineage influenza viruses. In experiment 1, 12 ponies were vaccinated twice, at a 35 day interval, using the ALVAC-influenza vaccine expressing the HA genes of influenza A/eq/Newmarket/2/93 and A/eq/Kentucky/94 (H3N8), and 11 ponies served as unvaccinated controls. Six months after the second vaccination, all ponies were challenged with A/eq/Kentucky/91. In experiment 2, 10 ponies received one dose of the ALVAC-influenza vaccine, 10 ponies served as unvaccinated controls, and all ponies were challenge infected with A/equine/Ohio/03, 14 days after vaccination. Parameters studied included serological responses, and clinical disease and nasal viral shedding following challenge infection. In experiment 1, following the two-dose regimen, vaccinated ponies generated high titered anti-influenza virus IgGa and IgGb antibody responses to vaccination and demonstrated statistically significant clinical and virological protection to challenge infection compared to controls. Infection with A/eq/Kentucky/91 produced unusually severe signs in ponies in the control group, requiring therapy with NSAID's and antibiotics, and leading to the euthanasia of one pony. In experiment 2 following the one-dose regimen, vaccinates generated IgGa responses pre-challenge, and anamnestic IgGa and IgGb responses after challenge. Vaccinates demonstrated statistically significant clinical and virological protection to challenge infection compared to controls. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the early onset, and 6-month duration of protective immunity resulting from ALVAC-influenza vaccination against challenge with American lineage equine influenza viruses.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Soboll, Gisela and Hussey, Stephen B. and Minke, Jules M. and Landolt, Gabriele A. and Hunter, James S. and Jagannatha, Shyla and Lunn, David P.}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={100–107} }
 @article{holznagel_hussey_mihalyi_wilson_lunn_2010, title={Onset of immunoglobulin production in foals}, volume={35}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516403775467153}, DOI={10.2746/042516403775467153}, abstractNote={Equine Veterinary JournalVolume 35, Issue 6 p. 620-622 Onset of immunoglobulin production in foals D. L. HOLZNAGEL, D. L. HOLZNAGEL Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. HUSSEY, S. HUSSEY Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. MIHALYI, J. E. MIHALYI Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. D. WILSON, W. D. WILSON Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. P. LUNN, Corresponding Author D. P. LUNN Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USADepartment of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author D. L. HOLZNAGEL, D. L. HOLZNAGEL Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. HUSSEY, S. HUSSEY Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. MIHALYI, J. E. MIHALYI Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. D. WILSON, W. D. WILSON Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. P. LUNN, Corresponding Author D. P. LUNN Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USADepartment of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/042516403775467153Citations: 33AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume35, Issue6September 2003Pages 620-622 RelatedInformation}, number={6}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Holznagel, D. L. and Hussey, S. and Mihalyi, J. E. and Wilson, W. D. and Lunn, D. P.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={620–622} }
 @article{wilson_mihalyi_hussey_lunn_2010, title={Passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin isotype antibodies against tetanus and influenza and their effect on the response of foals to vaccination}, volume={33}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249435}, DOI={10.2746/042516401776249435}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={7}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wilson, W. D. and Mihalyi, J. E. and Hussey, S. and Lunn, D. P.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={644–650} }
 @article{lunn_2010, title={Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue: gatekeeper or showstopper?}, volume={33}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249660}, DOI={10.2746/042516401776249660}, abstractNote={Equine Veterinary JournalVolume 33, Issue 3 p. 218-220 Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue: gatekeeper or showstopper? D. P. Lunn, D. P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author D. P. Lunn, D. P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249660Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References Bailey, G.D. and Love, D.N. (1991) Oral associated bacterial infection in horses: studies on the normal anaerobic flora from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface and its association with lower respiratory tract and paraoral infections. Vet. Microbiol. 26, 367–79. Blunden, A.S. and Gower, S.M. (1999) A histological and immunohistochemical study of the humoral immune system of the lungs in young Thoroughbred horses. J. comp. Pathol. 120, 347–56. Brandtzaeg, P., Farstad, I.N. and Haraldsen, G. (1999) Regional specialization in the mucosal immune system: primed cells do not always home along the same track. Immunol. Today 20, 267–277. Breathnach, C. and Allen, G.P. (2001) The mucosal humoral immune response of the horse to experimental infection and vaccination with equine herpesvirus-1 antigens. In: Havemeyer Foundation Workshop: Equine Immunology in 2001, R&W Publications, Newmarket . pp 16. Hannant, D., Easeman, R. and Mumford, J.A. (1999) Equine mucosal immune system: intranasal vaccination with inactivated equine influenza virus protects from infection. In: Equine Infectious Diseases VIII, Eds: U. Wernery, J.F. Wade, J.A. Mumford and O.-R. Kaaden, R&W Publications, Newmarket . pp 50–56. Hannant, D., Jessett, D.M., O'Neill, T. and Mumford, J.A. (1989) Antibody isotype responses in the serum and respiratory tract to primary and secondary infections with equine influenza virus (H3N8). Vet. Microbiol. 19, 293–303. Holcombe, S.J. (2000) Stabling, airway inflammation, and dorsal displacement of the soft palate in young horses. Proc. Am. Ass. equine Practnrs. 46, 254–255. Holcombe, S.J., Derksen, F.J., Stick, J.A. and Robinson, N.E. (1999) Pathophysiology of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses. Equine vet. J., Suppl. 30, 45–48. Holmgren, J., Czerkinsky, C., Lycke, N. and Svennerholm, A.M. (1994) Strategies for the induction of immune responses at mucosal surfaces making use of cholera toxin B subunit as immunogen, carrier, and adjuvant. Am. J. trop. med. Hyg. 50, 42–54. Holt, P.G., Stumbles, P.A. and McWilliam, A.S. (1999) Functional studies on dendritic cells in the respiratory tract and related mucosal tissues. J. Leukocyte Biol. 66, 272–275. Kumar, P., Timoney, J.F. and Sheoran, A.S. (2001) M cells and associated lymphoid tissue of the equine nasopharyngeal tonsil. Equine vet. J. 33, 224–230. Kuper, C.F., Koornstra, P.J., Hameleers, D.M., Biewenga, J., Spit, B.J., Duijvestijn, A.M., van Vriesman, P.J. Breda and Sminia, T. (1992) The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue. Immunol. Today. 13, 219–224. Lunn, D.P., Hussey, S., Sebring, R.W., Rushlow, K., Radecki, S.V., Whitaker-Dowling, P., Younger, J.S., Chambers, T.M., Holland, R.E. and Horohov, D.W. (2001) Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a modified-live equine influenza vaccine after exercise-induced immunosuppression. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 218, 1–7. Mair, T.S., Batten, E.H., Stokes, C.R. and Bourne, F.J. (1987) The histological features of the immune system of the equine respiratory tract. J. comp. Pathol. 97, 575–586. Mair, T.S., Batten, E.H., Stokes, C.R. and Bourne, F.J. (1988a) The distribution of mucosal lymphoid nodules in the equine respiratory tract. J. comp. Pathol. 99, 159–168. Mair, T.S., Stokes, C.R. and Bourne, F.J. (1988b) Immunohistochemical study of the local humoral immune system of the equine respiratory mucosa. Res. vet. Sci. 45, 160–165. Marshall, T. (1998) A review of tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection [see comments]. Br. J. gen. Pract. 48, 1331–1335. McGhee, J.R. and Kiyono, H. (1992) Mucosal immunity to vaccines: current concepts for vaccine development and immune response analysis. Adv. expt. med. Biol. 327, 3–12. Nelson, K.M., Schram, B.R., McGregor, M.W., Olsen, C.W. and Lunn, D. P. (1998) Local and systemic isotype-specific antibody Responses to equine influenza virus infection versus conventional vaccination. Vaccine 16, 1306–1313. Neutra, M.R., Pringault, E. and Kraehenbuhl, J.-P. (1996) Antigen sampling across epithelial barriers and induction of mucosal immune responses. Ann. rev. Immunol. 14, 275–300. Pascoe, J.R. (1996) Pharyngitis. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ed: B. P. Smith, Mosby, St. Louis . pp 607–609. Perry, M. and Whyte, A. (1998) Immunology of the tonsils. Immunol. Today 19, 414–421. Richardson, M.A. (1999) Sore throat, tonsillitis, and adenoiditis. Med. Clin. N. Am. 83, 75–83. Robinson, N.E., Derksen, F.J., Olszewski, M.A. and Buechner-Maxwell, V.A. (1995) The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of horses. Br. vet. J. 152, 283–306. Savidge, T.C. (1996) The life and times of an intestinal M cell. Trends Microbiol. 4, 301–306. Sheoran, A.S., Sponseller, B.T., Holmes, M.A. and Timoney, J.F. (1997) Serum and mucosal antibody isotype responses to M-like protein (SeM) of Streptococcus equi in convalescent and vaccinated horses. Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 59, 239–251. van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M. Sloet (2000) Developmental aspects of follicular pharyngitis and laryngeal hemiplegia in the foal. Proc. Am. Ass. equine Practnrs. 46, 270–273. Soboll, G., Leuthner, E.S., Clark, R.J., Drape, R., Macklin, M.D., Swain, W.F., Olsen, C.W. and Lunn, D.P. (2000) Mucosal co-administration of cholera toxin and DNAvaccination in horses generates a local IgA response. In: Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Iowa State University Press, Ames , Iowa . Weiner, H.L. (1997) Oral tolerance: immune mechanisms and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunol. Today 18, 335–343. Citing Literature Volume33, Issue3May 2001Pages 218-220 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, D. P.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={218–220} }
 @article{kydd_slater_osterrieder_antczak_lunn_2010, title={Report of the Second Havemeyer EHV-1 Workshop, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA, September 2008}, volume={42}, ISSN={0425-1644}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00157.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00157.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={6}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kydd, J. H. and Slater, J. and Osterrieder, N. and Antczak, D. F. and Lunn, D. P.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={572–575} }
 @article{muirhead_mcclure_wichtel_stryhn_markham_mcfarlane_lunn_2010, title={The Effect of Age on the Immune Response of Horses to Vaccination}, volume={142}, ISSN={0021-9975}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.10.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.10.010}, abstractNote={Few studies have investigated immunosenescence in the horse, but it is accepted that the primary and secondary (anamnestic) immune responses may differ between aged and younger horses. The aim of the present study was to determine whether aged horses have a protective immune response post-vaccination. Thirty-four aged healthy horses (> or =20 years) and 29 younger adult horses (4-12 years) of various breeds were vaccinated with commercially produced killed rabies and influenza vaccines. Rabies serum neutralizing antibody titres and equine influenza virus specific antibody subclasses (immunoglobulin IgGa and IgGb) and single radial haemolysis titres were determined. Healthy aged horses mounted a primary immune response to rabies vaccine that was similar to that of younger adult horses. However, aged horses had a significantly reduced anamnestic response to influenza vaccination in comparison with the younger adult horses, even though the pre-vaccination antibody titres of aged horses were higher. Rabies antibody titres in both groups declined significantly by 6 months post-vaccination. Serum concentrations of selenium (Se) and vitamin E were measured to test for potential confounding effects. Significant numbers of horses had suboptimal serum Se concentrations, but Se status had no significant impact on antibody production after vaccination.}, journal={Journal of Comparative Pathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Muirhead, T.L. and McClure, J.T. and Wichtel, J.J. and Stryhn, H. and Markham, R.J.F. and McFarlane, D. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={S85–S90} }
 @article{soboll_breathnach_kydd_hussey_mealey_lunn_2010, title={Vaccination of ponies with the IE gene of EHV-1 in a recombinant modified live vaccinia vector protects against clinical and virological disease}, volume={135}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.009}, abstractNote={The control of EHV-1 infection by cytotoxic T-cell responses (CTL) via a reduction in cell associated viremia remains an important goal in horses. Unfortunately, current vaccines are inefficient at inducing these responses. We have identified the immediate early (IE) gene of EHV-1 as a potent stimulator of virus-specific CTL responses in ponies expressing a specific MHC class I serological haplotype (A3/B2). This study was designed to determine if vaccination of A3/B2 MHC I positive ponies with the IE gene could induce protection and immune responses associated with cell mediated immunity. Ponies expressing the MHC-I A3/B2 haplotype (A3/B2 vaccinates) and ponies with a different MHC I haplotype (either non-A3 vaccinates or A3-non-B2 vaccinates) were vaccinated with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) vector expressing the IE gene on 3 occasions and vaccinates and unvaccinated controls were challenge infected 8 weeks after the last vaccination. Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA and antibody titers were determined throughout the study and clinical signs, nasal virus shedding and viremia were determined following challenge infection. Vaccination of A3/B2 vaccinates conferred significant clinical protection and a significant reduction in EHV-1 viremia. IFN-gamma mRNA increased significantly following vaccination in the A3/B2 vaccinates. Antibody titers remained low until after challenge infection, indicating that no accidental field acquired or recrudescent EHV-1 infection had occurred. In summary, this is an important study showing that vaccination of ponies with the EHV-1 IE protein provides not only reduction in clinical disease but also reduction of cell associated viremia, which is a prerequisite for the prevention of abortion and neurological disease.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Soboll, G. and Breathnach, C.C. and Kydd, J.H. and Hussey, S.B. and Mealey, R.M. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={108–117} }
 @article{pusterla_hussey_mapes_leutenegger_madigan_ferraro_wilson_lunn_2009, title={Comparison of Four Methods to Quantify Equid Herpesvirus 1 Load by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Nasal Secretions of Experimentally and Naturally Infected Horses}, volume={21}, ISSN={1040-6387 1943-4936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870902100611}, DOI={10.1177/104063870902100611}, abstractNote={ The objective of the current study was to compare the performance of 4 methods to quantify Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nasal secretions from experimentally and naturally infected horses. Nasal secretions were collected on the challenge day and daily thereafter for 13 days from 4 experimentally infected horses. Additional nasal swabs were collected from 30 horses with clinical signs consistent with natural EHV-1 infection. Absolute quantitation of EHV-1 target molecules was performed using standard curves for EHV-1 and equine glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and DNA yield, and was expressed as EHV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) gene copies per million nucleated nasal cells, EHV-1 gB gene copies per entire swab, EHV-1 gB gene copies per 1 μl of purified DNA, and EHV-1 gB gene copies per 1 ng of template DNA. The study results showed that all 4 calculation methods yielded comparable results between experimentally and naturally infected horses, and that the different methods were significantly correlated with each other. Reporting of quantitative results for EHV-1 viral load in nasal swabs collected from infected horses constitutes an important advance in both the research and diagnostic fields, allowing one to determine the infectious risk of affected horses, disease stage, or response to antiviral therapy. However, protocols that normalize the PCR results against a preselected volume of DNA or nasal secretions are likely to be more prone to variations than protocols that calculate the load for the entire swab, incorporate a housekeeping gene, or use a constant amount of extracted DNA. }, number={6}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Pusterla, Nicola and Hussey, Stephen B. and Mapes, Samantha and Leutenegger, Christian M. and Madigan, John E. and Ferraro, Gregory L. and Wilson, W. David and Lunn, D. Paul}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={836–840} }
 @article{lunn_davis-poynter_flaminio_horohov_osterrieder_pusterla_townsend_2009, title={Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement}, volume={23}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0304.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0304.x}, abstractNote={Equine herpesvirus‐1 is a highly prevalent and frequently pathogenic infection of equids. The most serious clinical consequences of infection are abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). In recent years, there has been an apparent increase in the incidence of EHM in North America, with serious consequences for horses and the horse industry. This consensus statement draws together current knowledge in the areas of pathogenesis, strain variation, epidemiology, diagnostic testing, vaccination, outbreak prevention and control, and treatment.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Davis-Poynter, N. and Flaminio, M.J.B.F. and Horohov, D.W. and Osterrieder, K. and Pusterla, N. and Townsend, H.G.G.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={450–461} }
 @article{wagner_miller_erb_lunn_antczak_2009, title={Sensitization of skin mast cells with IgE antibodies to Culicoides allergens occurs frequently in clinically healthy horses}, volume={132}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.09.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.09.015}, abstractNote={IgE antibodies are mediators of mast cell degranulation during allergic diseases. The binding of IgE to its high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cell surfaces is called “sensitization” and precedes the development of clinical allergy. Previously, intradermal injection of anti-IgE or the anti-IgG(T) antibody CVS40 induced immediate skin reactions in horses. This suggested that both IgE and IgG(T) sensitize equine skin mast cells. Here, we investigated sensitization to allergen and with IgE or IgG(T) in clinically healthy horses of different age groups. In addition, immediate skin reactions to Culicoides were determined by intradermal testing in non-allergic horses. A total of 14% of the young horses 1–3 years old and 38% of the adult animals showed skin reaction to Culicoides allergen extract. Sensitization with IgE and IgG(T) was evaluated in skin mast cells and peripheral blood basophils to determine whether sensitization with IgG(T) preceded that with IgE in young horses. Anti-IgE stimulated immediate skin reactions in 18 of 21 young horses, but only 7 of them reacted to the anti-IgG(T) antibody CVS40. The equine IgG(T) fraction is composed of IgG3 and IgG5. We used several newly developed monoclonal antibodies to IgG3 and IgG5 for intradermal testing to improve our understanding about the mast cell reaction induced by the anti-IgG(T) antibody CVS40. None of these antibodies induced a skin reaction in young or adult horses. To determine sensitization with IgE in neonates and foals at 6 and 12 weeks of age an in vitro histamine release assay was performed using peripheral blood cells. The histamine concentration released by anti-IgE stimulation from foal basophils increased between birth and 12 weeks of age, while almost no histamine release was observed after anti-IgG(T) treatment of the cells. In summary, IgE was the major immunoglobulin involved in the sensitization of mast cells and basophils in horses at various ages. IgG(T) antibodies did not play a major role in the activation of mast cells or basophils in young horses and their role in the sensitization of adult horses remains unclear. Sensitization to Culicoides allergen in the absence of clinical disease was frequently found in horses of all age groups. Because many clinically healthy horses developed skin reactions to this allergen, sensitization results are useful to diagnose Culicoides-induced allergy only in horses with allergic conditions.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wagner, Bettina and Miller, William H., Jr. and Erb, Hollis N. and Lunn, D. Paul and Antczak, Douglas F.}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={53–61} }
 @inbook{lunn_horohov_2009, edition={3rd}, title={The Equine Immune System}, booktitle={Equine Internal Medicine}, author={Lunn, DP and Horohov, DW}, editor={Reed, S and Bayly, W and Sellon, D and Saunders, W.B.Editors}, year={2009}, pages={2–56} }
 @article{lunn_hurley_2009, title={The role of leukocyte biology in laminitis}, volume={129}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.11.014}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.11.014}, abstractNote={The underlying pathogenesis of laminitis clearly depends importantly on inflammatory processes that recruit leukocytes at an early stage in disease. The role of leukocytes in the initiation of laminitis, or as an intermediary factor is currently being investigated using a limited array of models, and future studies require both new reagent and model systems if we are to clearly define how leukocytes propagate this disease. The opportunities presented by this type of research could easily include new and powerful treatment and preventative modalities.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D. Paul and Hurley, David J.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={158–160} }
 @inbook{goehring_lunn_2008, place={St. Louis}, edition={6th}, title={Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy}, booktitle={Current Therapy in Equine Medicine}, publisher={Saunders}, author={Goehring, L.S. and Lunn, D.P.}, editor={Robinson, NEEditor}, year={2008}, pages={177–181} }
 @inbook{landolt_lunn_2008, place={St. Louis}, edition={6th}, title={Equine respiratory viruses}, booktitle={Large Animal Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Landolt, G. and Lunn, D.P.}, editor={Smith, B.Editor}, year={2008}, pages={542–550} }
 @article{marti_gerber_wilson_lavoie_horohov_crameri_lunn_antczak_björnsdóttir_björnsdóttir_et al._2008, title={Report of the 3rd Havemeyer workshop on allergic diseases of the Horse, Hólar, Iceland, June 2007}, volume={126}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.008}, abstractNote={Allergic diseases occur in most mammals, although some species such as humans, dogs and horses seem to be more prone to develop allergies than others. In horses, insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), an allergic dermatitis caused by bites of midges, and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), a hyperreactivity to stable born dust and allergens, are the two most prevalent allergic diseases. Allergic diseases involve the interaction of three major factors: (i) genetic constitution, (ii) exposure to allergens, and (iii) a dysregulation of the immune response determined by (i) and (ii). However, other environmental factors such as infectious diseases, contact with endotoxin and degree of infestation with endoparasites have been shown to influence the prevalence of allergic diseases in humans. How these factors may impact upon allergic disease in the horse is unknown at this time. The 3rd workshop on Allergic Diseases of the Horse, with major sponsorship from the Havemeyer Foundation, was held in Hólar, Iceland, in June 2007 and focussed on immunological and genetic aspects of IBH and RAO. This particular venue was chosen because of the prevalence of IBH in exported Icelandic horses. The incidence of IBH is significantly different between Icelandic horses born in Europe or North America and those born in Iceland and exported as adults. Although the genetic factors and allergens are the same, exported adult horses show a greater incidence of IBH. This suggests that environmental or epigenetic factors may contribute to this response. This report summarizes the present state of knowledge and summarizes important issues discussed at the workshop.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Marti, E. and Gerber, V. and Wilson, A.D. and Lavoie, J.P. and Horohov, D. and Crameri, R. and Lunn, D.P. and Antczak, D. and Björnsdóttir, S. and Björnsdóttir, T.S. and et al.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={351–361} }
 @article{muirhead_mcclure_wichtel_stryhn_markham_mcfarlane_lunn_2008, title={The Effect of Age on Serum Antibody Titers after Rabies and Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Horses}, volume={22}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0091.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0091.x}, abstractNote={Background:The proportion of geriatric horses within the equine population has increased in the past decade, but there is limited information on the immune function of these animals.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Muirhead, T.L. and McClure, J.T. and Wichtel, J.J. and Stryhn, H. and Markham, Frederick R. J. and McFarlane, D. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={654–661} }
 @inbook{landolt_townsend_lunn_2007, title={Equine Influenza Infection}, ISBN={9781416024064}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-2406-4.50017-x}, DOI={10.1016/b978-1-4160-2406-4.50017-x}, booktitle={Equine Infectious Diseases}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Landolt, Gabriele A. and Townsend, Hugh G.G. and Lunn, D. Paul}, year={2007}, pages={124–134} }
 @article{flaminio_ibrahim_lunn_stark_steinbach_2007, title={Further analysis of anti-human leukocyte mAbs with reactivity to equine leukocytes by two-colour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry}, volume={119}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.035}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.035}, abstractNote={We have reported on the reactivity of anti-human CD molecules with equine leukocytes by single-colour flow cytometry (this issue). The objectives of this additional study were to test for the reliability of the results obtained, and to obtain further information on the positive populations of lymphocytes. Two-colour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were performed, using many of the positive mAbs and a few questionable ones from the first part of the study. All mAbs analysed by two-colour flow cytometry could be confirmed to their previous designation as "positive" or "questionable". Most of the mAbs tested were effective in immunohistochemistry, supporting previous results. Examples of positive results will be presented and limitations of the study will be discussed briefly.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Flaminio, M. Julia B.F. and Ibrahim, Sherif and Lunn, D. Paul and Stark, Robert and Steinbach, Falko}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={92–99} }
 @article{ibrahim_saunders_kydd_lunn_steinbach_2007, title={Screening of anti-human leukocyte monoclonal antibodies for reactivity with equine leukocytes}, volume={119}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.034}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.034}, abstractNote={Three hundred and seventy-nine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against various human CD molecules supplied to the HLDA8 animal homologues section (including four isotype controls) were analysed for cross-reactivity with equine leukocytes. First, flow cytometric identification of positively reacting mAbs was performed in one laboratory. Thereafter, a second round of flow cytometric evaluation was performed, involving three laboratories participating in the study. The first test-round indicated 17 mAbs as potentially positive. After the second round of flow cytometric analysis, 14 mAbs remained (directed against CD2, CD11a, CD18, CD44, CD45, CD49d, CD91, CD163 and CD172) where cross-reactivity was anticipated based on similarities between the human and equine staining pattern. Additionally, there was 1 mAb with weak likely positive reactivity, 12 mAbs with positive staining, which likely do not reflect valuable data, 5 mAbs with clear alternate expression pattern from that expected from humans, 5 mAbs with a questionable staining pattern itself, i.e. that was variable between the three labs, 32 mAbs with weak-positive expression and alternate staining pattern, and 279 negative mAbs (including the four isotype controls) were detected. In 31 cases, more appropriate target cells, such as thymocytes or stem cells, were not available for the screening. The results underline the value of this "cross-reactivity" approach for equine immunology. However, as only a few mAbs against leukocyte surface antigens reacted positively (approximately 4% of the mAbs submitted), the analysis of further anti-human mAbs and directed efforts to develop species-specific anti-CD mAb are still required.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ibrahim, Sherif and Saunders, Kelly and Kydd, Julia H. and Lunn, D. Paul and Steinbach, Falko}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={63–80} }
 @article{soboll_hussey_whalley_allen_koen_santucci_fraser_macklin_swain_lunn_2006, title={Antibody and cellular immune responses following DNA vaccination and EHV-1 infection of ponies}, volume={111}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.011}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.011}, abstractNote={Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is the cause of serious disease with high economic impact on the horse industry, as outbreaks of EHV-1 disease occur every year despite the frequent use of vaccines. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) are important for protection from primary and reactivating latent EHV-1 infection. DNA vaccination is a powerful technique for stimulating CTLs, and the aim of this study was to assess antibody and cellular immune responses and protection resulting from DNA vaccination of ponies with combinations of EHV-1 genes. Fifteen ponies were divided into three groups of five ponies each. Two vaccination groups were DNA vaccinated on four different occasions with combinations of plasmids encoding the gB, gC, and gD glycoproteins or plasmids encoding the immediate early (IE) and early proteins (UL5) of EHV-1, using the PowderJect XR research device. Total dose of DNA/plasmid/vaccination were 25 μg. A third group comprised unvaccinated control ponies. All ponies were challenge infected with EHV-1 6 weeks after the last vaccination, and protection from clinical disease, viral shedding, and viremia was determined. Virus neutralizing antibodies and isotype specific antibody responses against whole EHV-1 did not increase in either vaccination group in response to vaccination. However, glycoprotein gene vaccinated ponies showed gD and gC specific antibody responses. Vaccination did not affect EHV-1 specific lymphoproliferative or CTL responses. Following challenge infection with EHV-1, ponies in all three groups showed clinical signs of disease. EHV-1 specific CTLs, proliferative responses, and antibody responses increased significantly in all three groups following challenge infection. In summary, particle-mediated EHV-1 DNA vaccination induced limited immune responses and protection. Future vaccination strategies must focus on generating stronger CTL responses.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Soboll, G. and Hussey, S.B. and Whalley, J.M. and Allen, G.P. and Koen, M.T. and Santucci, N. and Fraser, D.G. and Macklin, M.D. and Swain, W.F. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={81–95} }
 @article{coombs_patton_kohler_soboll_breathnach_townsend_lunn_2006, title={Cytokine responses to EHV-1 infection in immune and non-immune ponies}, volume={111}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.013}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.013}, abstractNote={Protecting equids against equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection remains an elusive goal. Repeated infection with EHV-1 leads to protective immunity against clinical respiratory disease, and a study was conducted to measure the regulatory cytokine response (IFN-gamma and IL-4) in repeatedly infected immune ponies compared to non-immune ponies. Two groups of four ponies were established. Group 1 ponies had previously been infected on two occasions, and most recently 7 months before this study. Group 2 ponies had no history no vaccination or challenge infection prior to this study. Both groups were subjected to an intranasal challenge infection with EHV-1, and blood samples were collected pre-infection, and at 7 and 21 days post-infection for preparation of PBMCs. At each time point, the in vitro responses of PBMCs to stimulation with EHV-1 were measured, including IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA production, and lymphoproliferation. Group 1 ponies showed no signs of clinical disease or viral shedding after challenge infection. Group 2 ponies experienced a biphasic pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and nasal shedding of virus after infection. Group 1 ponies had an immune response characterized both before and subsequent to challenge infection by an IFN-gamma response to EHV-1 in the absence of an IL-4 response, and demonstrated increased EHV-1-specific lymphoproliferation post-infection. Group 2 ponies had limited cytokine or lymphoproliferative responses to EHV-1 pre-challenge, and demonstrated increases in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses post-challenge, but without any lymphoproliferative response. Protective immunity to EHV-1 infection was therefore characterized by a polarized IFN-gamma dependent immunoregulatory cytokine response.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Coombs, Dane K. and Patton, T. and Kohler, Andrea K. and Soboll, G. and Breathnach, Cormac and Townsend, Hugh G.G. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={109–116} }
 @article{hussey_clark_lunn_breathnach_soboll_whalley_lunn_2006, title={Detection and Quantification of Equine Herpesvirus-1 Viremia and Nasal Shedding by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction}, volume={18}, ISSN={1040-6387 1943-4936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800403}, DOI={10.1177/104063870601800403}, abstractNote={ Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection is common in young horses throughout the world, resulting in respiratory disease, epidemic abortion, sporadic myelitis, or latent infections. To improve on conventional diagnostic tests for EHV-1, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed, using primers and probes specific for the EHV-1 gB gene. Amplification efficiencies of 100% ± 5% were obtained for DNA isolated from a plasmid, infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and nasal secretions from infected ponies. The dynamic range of the assay was 8 log10 dilutions, and the lower limit of detection was 6 DNA copies. Fifteen ponies, seronegative for EHV-1, were experimentally infected with EHV-1, and nasal samples were used to quantify shedding of virus by both virus isolation and real-time PCR analysis. Virus isolation identified nasal shedding of EHV-1 in 12/15 ponies on a total of 25 days; real-time PCR detected viral shedding in 15/15 ponies on 75 days. Viremia was quantified using PBMC DNA, subsequent to challenge infection in 3 additional ponies. Viremia was identified in 1/3 ponies on a single day by virus isolation; real-time PCR detected viremia in 3/3 ponies on 17 days. When real-time PCR was used to analyze PBMC DNA from 11 latently infected ponies (documented by nested PCR), EHV-1 was not detected. We conclude that real-time PCR is a sensitive and quantitative test for EHV-1 nasal shedding and viremia and provides a valuable tool for EHV-1 surveillance, diagnosis of clinical disease, and investigation of vaccine efficacy. }, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Hussey, Stephen B. and Clark, Rodney and Lunn, Katharine F. and Breathnach, Cormac and Soboll, Gisela and Whalley, J. Millar and Lunn, D. Paul}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={335–342} }
 @article{lunn_slater_horohov_2006, title={EHV-1 special edition}, volume={111}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.003}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Slater, J.S. and Horohov, D.W.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={1} }
 @article{breathnach_sturgill-wright_stiltner_adams_lunn_horohov_2006, title={Foals are interferon gamma-deficient at birth}, volume={112}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.010}, abstractNote={The increased vulnerability of foals to specific pathogens such as Rhodococcus equi is believed to reflect an innate immunodeficiency, the nature of which remains poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that neonates of many species fail to mount potent Th1 responses. The current research investigates the ability of circulating and pulmonary lymphocytes of developing foals to produce interferon gamma (IFNgamma). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared from up to 10 horse foals at regular intervals throughout the first 6 months of life. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected at 1, 3 or 6 months of age from three groups of five foals. The PBMC and BAL cells were stimulated in vitro and IFNgamma production was measured by intracellular staining. In addition, RNA was extracted from freshly isolated and in vitro stimulated PBMC and BAL cells for quantitation of IFNgamma gene expression by real time PCR. Newborn foals exhibited a marked inability to express the IFNgamma gene and produce IFNgamma protein. This deficiency was observed in both circulating and pulmonary lymphocytes. However, IFNgamma gene expression and protein production increased steadily throughout the first 6 months of life, reaching adult levels within the first year of life. These findings suggest that foals are born with an inherent inability to mount a Th1-based cell mediated immune response which may contribute to their susceptibility to intracellular pathogens.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Breathnach, C.C. and Sturgill-Wright, T. and Stiltner, J.L. and Adams, A.A. and Lunn, D.P. and Horohov, D.W.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={199–209} }
 @article{holmes_townsend_kohler_hussey_breathnach_barnett_holland_lunn_2006, title={Immune responses to commercial equine vaccines against equine herpesvirus-1, equine influenza virus, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and tetanus}, volume={111}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.010}, abstractNote={Horses are commonly vaccinated to protect against pathogens which are responsible for diseases which are endemic within the general horse population, such as equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), and against a variety of diseases which are less common but which lead to greater morbidity and mortality, such as eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEE) and tetanus. This study consisted of two trials which investigated the antigenicity of commercially available vaccines licensed in the USA to protect against EIV, EHV-1 respiratory disease, EHV-1 abortion, EEE and tetanus in horses. Trial I was conducted to compare serological responses to vaccines produced by three manufacturers against EIV, EHV-1 (respiratory disease), EEE, and tetanus given as multivalent preparations or as multiple vaccine courses. Trial II compared vaccines from two manufacturers licensed to protect against EHV-1 abortion, and measured EHV-1-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA production in addition to serological evidence of antigenicity. In Trial I significant differences were found between the antigenicity of different commercial vaccines that should be considered in product selection. It was difficult to identify vaccines that generate significant immune responses to respiratory viruses. The most dramatic differences in vaccine performance occurred in the case of the tetanus antigen. In Trial II both vaccines generated significant antibody responses and showed evidence of EHV-1-specific IFN-γ mRNA responses. Overall there were wide variations in vaccine response, and the vaccines with the best responses were not produced by a single manufacturer. Differences in vaccine performance may have resulted from differences in antigen load and adjuvant formulation.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Holmes, Mark A. and Townsend, Hugh G.G. and Kohler, Andrea K. and Hussey, Steve and Breathnach, Cormac and Barnett, Craig and Holland, Robert and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={67–80} }
 @article{breathnach_clark_clark_olsen_townsend_lunn_2006, title={Immunization with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) constructs encoding the HA or NP gene protects ponies from equine influenza virus challenge}, volume={24}, ISSN={0264-410X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.091}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.091}, abstractNote={Two novel recombinant strains of modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) for the vaccination of horses against equine influenza virus were developed, and preliminary evidence of their immunogenicity in ponies was demonstrated [Breathnach CC, Rudersdorf R, Lunn DP. Use of recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vectors for equine influenza vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004:98;127-36]. The present study assessed the protective efficacy of these rMVA strains in ponies, examined the advantage of combining rMVA vaccination with a DNA priming dose, and investigated the protection resulting from equine influenza nucleoprotein (NP) versus haemagglutinin (HA) vaccination. Twenty yearling ponies, seronegative for equine influenza virus, were divided into four groups of five. Group 1 and Group 2 ponies were vaccinated using a DNA prime-rMVA boost vaccination regimen, with HA- or NP-expressing vectors, respectively. Group 3 ponies were vaccinated with rMVA-HA only. Group 4 ponies served as unvaccinated controls. Vaccines were administered on days 0, 42 and 70, and all ponies were challenge infected with influenza virus on day 100. Antigen-specific antibody and cellular immune responses to each vaccination regimen were monitored throughout the experiment. Both groups of HA-vaccinated ponies were significantly protected from clinical disease following challenge infection, demonstrating the efficacy of rMVA vaccination with or without a DNA prime. NP-vaccination provided more limited protection from clinical disease. The protective post-vaccinal immune responses were characterized by antigen-specific IgGa, IgGb and IgA antibodies which were induced both in serum and in nasal secretions. Virus-specific lymphoproliferative and IFN-gamma mRNA responses were also elicited by each vaccination regimen. These data demonstrate that vaccination of horses with rMVA alone, or as part of a prime-boost regimen, is an effective means of inducing protective immunity to influenza virus infection, and also indicate that NP-specific immune responses can contribute to protection of horses.}, number={8}, journal={Vaccine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Breathnach, C and Clark, H and Clark, R and Olsen, C and Townsend, H and Lunn, D}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={1180–1190} }
 @inbook{lunn_soboll_breathnach_2006, place={Philadelphia}, edition={1st}, title={Immunology and Immunopathology}, booktitle={Equine Respiratory Disorders}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Soboll, G. and Breathnach, C.C.}, editor={McGorum, B and Robinson, E and Dixon, P and Schumacher, JEditors}, year={2006}, pages={71–82} }
 @article{black_lunn_yin_hwang_lenz_belknap_2006, title={Leukocyte emigration in the early stages of laminitis}, volume={109}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.08.017}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.08.017}, abstractNote={The mechanisms that initiate the pathophysiologic changes in the digital laminae in equine laminitis are poorly understood. Due to the fact that (1) the horse at risk of laminitis has many similarities clinically to the human sepsis patient and (2) our recent finding of marked laminar proinflammatory cytokine expression at the developmental time point of the black walnut extract (BWE) model of laminitis, we tested the possibility that, similar to organ damage in human sepsis, leukocyte emigration is an early event in laminitis. Using immunoperoxidase methods with an anti-equine CD13 monoclonal antibody that recognizes neutrophils and monocytes, we discovered that, whereas the dermal microvasculature of the skin commonly has a marginal pool of leukocytes, the normal laminar dermal microvasculature has minimal to no perivascular leukocytes. However, increases in leukocyte numbers occurred around the dermal vasculature of both the laminae and the skin in the majority of BWE-treated horses in the developmental stage and at the onset of clinical signs of lameness in the BWE model. These findings indicate that, similar to organ failure in human sepsis, leukocyte emigration is likely to play a significant role in initiating numerous pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to the development of laminitis.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Black, Samuel J. and Lunn, D. Paul and Yin, Cailing and Hwang, Misako and Lenz, Stephen D. and Belknap, James K.}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={161–166} }
 @article{slater_lunn_horohov_antczak_babiuk_breathnach_chang_davis-poynter_edington_ellis_et al._2006, title={Report of the equine herpesvirus-1 Havermeyer Workshop, San Gimignano, Tuscany, June 2004}, volume={111}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.004}, abstractNote={Amongst the infectious diseases that threaten equine health, herpesviral infections remain a world wide cause of serious morbidity and mortality. Equine herpesvirus-1 infection is the most important pathogen, causing an array of disorders including epidemic respiratory disease abortion, neonatal foal death, myeloencephalopathy and chorioretinopathy. Despite intense scientific investigation, extensive use of vaccination, and established codes of practice for control of disease outbreaks, infection and disease remain common. While equine herpesvirus-1 infection remains a daunting challenge for immunoprophylaxis, many critical advances in equine immunology have resulted in studies of this virus, particularly related to MHC-restricted cytotoxicity in the horse. A workshop was convened in San Gimignano, Tuscany, Italy in June 2004, to bring together clinical and basic researchers in the field of equine herpesvirus-1 study to discuss the latest advances and future prospects for improving our understanding of these diseases, and equine immunity to herpesviral infection. This report highlights the new information that was the focus of this workshop, and is intended to summarize this material and identify the critical questions in the field.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Slater, J.D. and Lunn, D.P. and Horohov, D.W. and Antczak, D.F. and Babiuk, L. and Breathnach, C. and Chang, Y.-W. and Davis-Poynter, N. and Edington, N. and Ellis, S. and et al.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={3–13} }
 @article{breathnach_soboll_suresh_lunn_2005, title={Equine herpesvirus-1 infection induces IFN-γ production by equine T lymphocyte subsets}, volume={103}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.024}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.024}, abstractNote={A commercial bovine IFN-γ-specific monoclonal antibody was used to measure antigen-specific IFN-γ production by equine lymphocytes. Paired PBMC samples were collected from six ponies prior to and 10 days after challenge infection with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). Each sample was stimulated in vitro with EHV-1, virus-free medium, or PMA and ionomycin, and labelled with monoclonal antibodies specific for various equine lymphocyte subset markers. Following fixation, intracellular IFN-γ was detected using a FITC-conjugated bovine IFN-γ-specific monoclonal antibody. In vitro restimulation of PBMC with EHV-1 induced IFN-γ production by a significantly higher percentage of total (CD5+) T lymphocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets among post-EHV-1 infection PBMC samples compared to pre-infection samples. This response was associated with an increase in virus-specific CTL activity, a critical immune effector for the control of EHV-1 infection and disease. No significant increase in IFN-γ production by B lymphocytes was observed. These data demonstrate that EHV-1 challenge infection of ponies results in increased production of IFN-γ by virus-specific T lymphocytes, and that this response can be quantitated using flow cytometry.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Breathnach, C.C. and Soboll, G. and Suresh, M. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={207–215} }
 @article{breathnach_rudersdorf_lunn_2004, title={Use of recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara viral vectors for equine influenza vaccination}, volume={98}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.11.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.11.004}, abstractNote={Recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing equine influenza virus genes were constructed and evaluated for use in equine vaccination. Two strains of recombinant MVA, expressing either hemagglutinin (HA) or nucleoprotein (NP) genes were constructed. Each influenza virus gene was cloned from A/equine/Kentucky/1/81 (Eq/Ky) into an MVA construction plasmid, and was introduced to the deletion III locus of the wild type MVA genome by homologous recombination. Recombinant viruses were plaque purified, and antigen expression was confirmed by immunostaining. Two ponies were primed by vaccination with 50 microg HA-DNA and two ponies were vaccinated with 50 microg NP-DNA using the PowderJect XR research device. Six and 10 weeks later, ponies were immunized with 2 x 10(9) infectious units of recombinant MVA encoding the homologous influenza antigen, equally divided between intramuscular and intradermal sites in the neck. A marked rise in influenza virus-specific IgGa and IgGb serum antibody titers was detected following administration of MVA boosters with both HA and NP antigens. Influenza virus-specific lymphoproliferative responses and IFN-gamma mRNA production were also strongly elicited by both antigens. This study demonstrates the facility with which recombinant MVA viruses expressing defined pathogen genes can be constructed, and provides preliminary evidence of the immunogenicity and safety of these vectors in the horse.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Breathnach, C.C. and Rudersdorf, R. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={127–136} }
 @article{marti_horohov_antzak_lazary_paul lunn_2003, title={Advances in equine immunology: Havemeyer workshop reports from Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Hortobagy, Hungary}, volume={91}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00314-8}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00314-8}, abstractNote={The horse has been human kind's most important partner throughout history. Similarly, in the field of immunology, many critical scientific advances have depended on the horse. Equine immunology today is an active and important field of study, with a focus on control of many common infectious diseases and immunopathologic conditions of broad comparative interest. In 2001 two major equine immunology workshops were held, in Santa Fe, USA, and in Hortobagy, Hungary, with major sponsorship from the Havemeyer Foundation. This report summarizes the scientific themes and foci of those meetings.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Marti, Eliane and Horohov, David W and Antzak, Doug F and Lazary, Sandor and Paul Lunn, D}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={233–243} }
 @article{lalko_deppe_ulatowski_lutgen_hart_patton_lunn_suresh_darien_2003, title={Equine platelet CD62P (P-selectin) expression: a phenotypic and morphologic study}, volume={91}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00287-8}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00287-8}, abstractNote={Acute inflammatory diseases, such as colic, septicemia and endotoxemia are common in equines and have been shown to be correlated to vascular injury and thrombosis. In humans with similar thrombotic conditions, P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)-mediated platelet-leukocyte adhesion contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders through the generation of inflammatory mediators and tissue factor. As such, we hypothesized that a P-selectin-PSGL-1 (platelet-leukocyte) interaction, similar to that in humans, may also exist in the horse. The objective of this study was to investigate phenotypic and morphological properties of equine platelet activation with a focus on CD62P (P-selectin) expression and CD62P mediated platelet-leukocyte interactions. To study high levels of platelet activation, we used 1 U/ml thrombin to induce secondary, irreversible aggregation in both human and equine platelets. Addition of glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline amide (GPRP) prior to thrombin activation blocked fibrin polymerization, allowing the use of flow cytometry to study alpha-granule expression as a measure of platelet activation. Thrombin activation resulted in high levels of activation, measured as P-selectin expression, in both humans and equines. Interestingly, our research illustrates that in healthy horses, P-selectin is also constitutively expressed on 20-25% of resting platelets. This finding is in direct contrast to humans, in which P-selectin expression is negligible (<5%) in the absence of agonist activation. The high baseline level of P-selectin expression among equine platelets may suggest that they are primed for leukocyte adhesion, possibly resulting in prothrombotic conditions. This phenomenon could be of significant clinical relevance, as it may be related to the rapid clinical decline often seen in equine patients with colic and endotoxemia, where vascular injury and thrombotic complications compromise patient survival. Based on these findings, further investigation into the mechanisms of platelet P-selectin-mediated inflammation and platelet-leukocyte mediated vascular injury in the horse appears warranted.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lalko, Cory C and Deppe, Elisabeth and Ulatowski, Dan and Lutgen, Amy and Hart, Arlene P and Patton, Elisabeth A and Lunn, D.Paul and Suresh, M and Darien, Benjamin J}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={119–134} }
 @article{soboll_whalley_koen_allen_fraser_macklin_swain_lunn_2003, title={Identification of equine herpesvirus-1 antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes}, volume={84}, ISSN={0022-1317 1465-2099}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19268-0}, DOI={10.1099/vir.0.19268-0}, abstractNote={Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) causes serious disease in horses throughout the world, despite the frequent use of vaccines. CTLs are thought to be critical for protection from primary and reactivating latent EHV-1 infections. However, the antigen-specificity of EHV-1-specific CTLs is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify EHV-1 genes that encode proteins containing CTL epitopes and to determine their MHC I (or ELA-A in the horse) restriction. Equine dendritic cells, transfected with a series of EHV-1 genes, were used to stimulate autologous CTL precursor populations derived from previously infected horses. Cytotoxicity was subsequently measured against EHV-1-infected PWM lymphoblast targets. Dendritic cells were infected with EHV-1 (positive control) or transfected with plasmids encoding the gB, gC, gD, gE, gH, gI, gL, immediate-early (IE) or early protein of EHV-1 using the PowderJect XR-1 research device. Dendritic cells transfected with the IE gene induced CTL responses in four of six ponies. All four of these ponies shared a common ELA-A3.1 haplotype. Dendritic cells transfected with gC, gD, gI and gL glycoproteins induced CTLs in individual ponies. The cytotoxic activity was ELA-A-restricted, as heterologous targets from ELA-A mismatched ponies were not killed and an MHC I blocking antibody reduced EHV-1-specific killing. This is the first identification of an EHV-1 protein containing ELA-A-restricted CTL epitopes. This assay can now be used to study CTL specificity for EHV-1 proteins in horses with a broad range of ELA-A haplotypes, with the goal of developing a multi-epitope EHV-1 vaccine.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of General Virology}, publisher={Microbiology Society}, author={Soboll, G. and Whalley, J.M. and Koen, G.T. and Allen, G.P. and Fraser, D.G. and Macklin, M.D. and Swain, W.F. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={2625–2634} }
 @article{soboll_nelson_leuthner_clark_drape_macklin_swain_olsen_lunn_2003, title={Mucosal co-administration of cholera toxin and influenza virus hemagglutinin-DNA in ponies generates a local IgA response}, volume={21}, ISSN={0264-410X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00161-0}, DOI={10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00161-0}, abstractNote={We have previously demonstrated that equine influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) DNA vaccination protects ponies from challenge infection, and induces protective IgGa and IgGb responses. However, this approach does not induce a nasal IgA response. The objective of this study was to examine the value of cholera toxin (CT) administration as an adjuvant for intranasal HA DNA vaccination, and to measure protection 3 months after DNA vaccination. After an immunogenic dose of CT was determined, ponies were immunized on two occasions by intranasal administration of HA DNA and cholera toxin, or HA DNA alone. Ponies in both groups received two additional HA DNA particle mediated vaccinations at skin and mucosal sites. Antibody responses, and protection from challenge infection 3 months after the last vaccination were studied and compared to an influenza virus naive control group. Ponies in both vaccination groups produced virus-specific IgG antibodies in serum following vaccination and showed clinical protection from challenge infection 3 months after the last vaccination. Co-administration of CT plus HA DNA vaccination induced a nasal IgA response. In addition, analysis of antibody titers in nasal secretions indicated local production of nasal IgGb, which was amplified by CT administration.}, number={21-22}, journal={Vaccine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Soboll, G. and Nelson, K.M. and Leuthner, E.S. and Clark, R.J. and Drape, R. and Macklin, M.D. and Swain, W.F. and Olsen, C.W. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={3081–3092} }
 @article{soboll_horohov_aldridge_olsen_mcgregor_drape_macklin_swain_lunn_2003, title={Regional antibody and cellular immune responses to equine influenza virus infection, and particle mediated DNA vaccination}, volume={94}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00060-6}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00060-6}, abstractNote={We have previously demonstrated that hemagglutinin (HA) gene vaccination and influenza virus infection generate protective antibody responses in equids. However, these antibody responses differ substantially in that particle mediated DNA vaccination does not induce an immunoglobulin A (IgA) response. A study was performed to investigate the regional immunoregulatory mechanisms associated with these different immune responses. Ponies were either vaccinated with equine HA DNA vaccines at skin and mucosal sites, infected with influenza virus or left untreated and influenza-specific antibody responses and protection from challenge infection was studied. In a subset of ponies, lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBLs), nasopharyngeal mucosal tissue, or lymph nodes (LNLs) were collected for measurement of influenza virus-specific lymphoproliferative responses, local antibody production and IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA production by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DNA vaccination and influenza virus infection induced humoral immunoglobulin Ga (IgGa) and immunoglobulin Gb (IgGb) production and lymphoproliferative responses that were positively correlated with IFN-gamma mRNA production. However, there were marked differences in immune response in that only influenza infection induced an IgA response, and the regional distribution of lymphoproliferation, IFN-gamma and antibody responses. Responses to DNA vaccination occurred in PBLs and in lymph nodes draining DNA vaccination sites, while influenza virus infection induced responses in PBLs and hilar LNLs. In summary, common features of immune responses to either influenza virus infection or DNA vaccination were virus-specific IgGa, IgGb and IFN-gamma responses, which are associated with protection from infection, even when the regional distribution of these immune responses varied depending on the site of immune encounter.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Soboll, G and Horohov, D.W and Aldridge, B.M and Olsen, C.W and McGregor, M.W and Drape, R.J and Macklin, M.D and Swain, W.F and Lunn, D.P}, year={2003}, month={Jul}, pages={47–62} }
 @article{mcclure_young_fiste_sharkey_lunn_2001, title={Immunophenotypic Classification of Leukemia in 3 Horses}, volume={15}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01247.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01247.x}, abstractNote={Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 15, Issue 2 p. 144-152 Open Access Immunophenotypic Classification of Leukemia in 3 Horses J. Trenton McClure, Corresponding Author J. Trenton McClure Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada; e-mail: jmcclure@upei. ca.Search for more papers by this authorKaren M. Young, Karen M. Young Department of P athobiologi-cal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WISearch for more papers by this authorM. Fiste, M. Fiste School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WISearch for more papers by this authorLeslie C. Sharkey, Leslie C. Sharkey Department of Veterinary Bio sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorDavid Paul Lunn, David Paul Lunn Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WISearch for more papers by this author J. Trenton McClure, Corresponding Author J. Trenton McClure Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada; e-mail: jmcclure@upei. ca.Search for more papers by this authorKaren M. Young, Karen M. Young Department of P athobiologi-cal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WISearch for more papers by this authorM. Fiste, M. Fiste School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WISearch for more papers by this authorLeslie C. Sharkey, Leslie C. Sharkey Department of Veterinary Bio sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorDavid Paul Lunn, David Paul Lunn Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WISearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01247.xCitations: 19AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume15, Issue2March 2001Pages 144-152 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={McClure, J. Trenton and Young, Karen M. and Fiste, M. and Sharkey, Leslie C. and Lunn, David Paul}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={144–152} }
 @article{lunn_hussey_sebring_rushlow_radecki_whitaker-dowling_youngner_chambers_holland_horohov_2001, title={Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine in ponies after induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression}, volume={218}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2001.218.900}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2001.218.900}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Lunn, D. Paul and Hussey, Steve and Sebring, Randy and Rushlow, Keith E. and Radecki, Steve V. and Whitaker-Dowling, Patricia and Youngner, Julius S. and Chambers, Thomas M. and Holland, Robert E. and Horohov, David W.}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={900–906} }
 @article{slack_risdahl_valberg_murphy_schram_lunn_2000, title={Effects of dexamethasone on development of immunoglobulin G subclass responses following vaccination of horses}, volume={61}, ISSN={0002-9645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1530}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1530}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Slack, JoAnn and Risdahl, Jack M. and Valberg, Stephanie J. and Murphy, Michael J. and Schram, Brian R. and Lunn, D. Paul}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={1530–1533} }
 @article{horohov_lunn_townsend_wilson_2000, title={Equine Vaccination}, volume={14}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02242.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02242.x}, abstractNote={Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 14, Issue 2 p. 221-222 Open Access Equine Vaccination* D.W. Horohov, D.W. Horohov Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitol-ogy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LASearch for more papers by this authorD.P. Lunn, Corresponding Author D.P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706; e-mail: lunnp@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu.Search for more papers by this authorH.G.G. Townsend, H.G.G. Townsend Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorD. Wilson, D. Wilson Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, CASearch for more papers by this author D.W. Horohov, D.W. Horohov Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitol-ogy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LASearch for more papers by this authorD.P. Lunn, Corresponding Author D.P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706; e-mail: lunnp@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu.Search for more papers by this authorH.G.G. Townsend, H.G.G. Townsend Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorD. Wilson, D. Wilson Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, CASearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02242.xCitations: 5 * This position paper has been approved by the Board of Regents of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. This paper has not been peer reviewed. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume14, Issue2March 2000Pages 221-222 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Horohov, D.W. and Lunn, D.P. and Townsend, H.G.G. and Wilson, D.}, year={2000}, month={Mar}, pages={221–222} }
 @article{lunn_townsend_2000, title={Equine Vaccination}, volume={16}, ISSN={0749-0739}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30127-x}, DOI={10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30127-x}, abstractNote={Equine infectious disease remains a constant and important threat to the health of domesticated horses. Vaccination plays a critical role in protecting against such disease, but at the present time the efficacy of some equine vaccination strategies is in doubt. The best strategy for resolving these concerns is an improved knowledge of the immunologic basis of successful vaccination, combined with the appropriate integration of effective vaccines into well-designed disease control policies.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D. Paul and Townsend, Hugh G.G.}, year={2000}, month={Apr}, pages={199–226} }
 @article{young_lunn_2000, title={Immunodiagnostic Testing in Horses}, volume={16}, ISSN={0749-0739}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30120-7}, DOI={10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30120-7}, abstractNote={Technologic advances in immunodiagnostic testing have enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of a broad array of diseases, including infectious diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, and immune-mediated disorders. If applied rationally, with an understanding of the questions the tests answer as well as the limitations that constrain their use, these tests can serve as valuable aids in the diagnosis and management of equine diseases.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Young, Karen M. and Lunn, D. Paul}, year={2000}, month={Apr}, pages={79–103} }
 @book{turner_lunn_horohov_2000, title={Immunology}, volume={16}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice}, year={2000} }
 @article{swiderski_sobol_lunn_horohov_2000, title={Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of equine interleukin-6}, volume={77}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00241-5}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00241-5}, abstractNote={Equine interleukin-6 (IL-6) cDNA was amplified from mitogen-stimulated equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using consensus sequence primers. The 727 bp amplified cDNA contains the entire coding region for equine IL-6 and includes 118 bases in the 3′ non-translated region. The coding sequence translates to a protein of 208 amino acids with a predicted 28 amino acid leader sequence. The mature protein of 180 amino acids has a predicted molecular mass of 20 471 Da without post-translational modifications. The amino acid sequence of equine IL-6 displays between 46 and 84% similarity to other mammalian IL-6 sequences. Expression of equine IL-6 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells yielded a supernatant that supported the proliferation of B9 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of B9 cells with an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody ablated the response to the recombinant equine IL-6.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Swiderski, C.E and Sobol, G and Lunn, D.P and Horohov, D.W}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={213–220} }
 @article{slukvin_lunn_watkins_golos_2000, title={Placental expression of the nonclassical MHC class I molecule Mamu-AG at implantation in the rhesus monkey}, volume={97}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.16.9104}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.97.16.9104}, abstractNote={During human implantation trophoblasts mediate attachment of the embryo to the uterine epithelium and invade and reorganize vessels of the maternal endometrium to initiate blood flow to the intervillous space. Expression of the nonclassical MHC class I molecule HLA-G by invading trophoblasts may play a central role in their protection from recognition by the maternal immune system; however, the ontogeny of trophoblast HLA-G expression during the earliest stages of implantation is difficult to evaluate in human pregnancy. We previously identified a novel nonclassical MHC class I molecule, Mamu-AG, which is expressed in the rhesus monkey placenta and shares many unique characteristics of HLA-G. Immunocytochemical analysis with a Mamu-AG-specific mAb and locus-specificin situhybridization of rhesus implantation sites 7–12 days after embryo attachment (days 14–19 of pregnancy) demonstrated that Mamu-AG molecules are expressed predominantly in cytotrophoblasts invading the maternal vessels and endometrium, whereas syncytiotrophoblasts covering trophoblastic lacunae or newly formed chorionic villi remained largely Mamu-AG-negative. By day 36 of pregnancy, Mamu-AG glycoprotein also was expressed in villous syncytiotrophoblasts, and accumulation of Mamu-AG glycoprotein was noted at the border between maternal decidua and fetal trophoblasts. The ontogeny of a nonclassical MHC class I molecule at the implantation site supports the hypothesis that its expression is important for the establishment of maternal-fetal immune tolerance.}, number={16}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Slukvin, I. I. and Lunn, D. P. and Watkins, D. I. and Golos, T. G.}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={9104–9109} }
 @article{lunn_soboll_schram_quass_mcgregor_drape_macklin_mccabe_swain_olsen_1999, title={Antibody responses to DNA vaccination of horses using the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene}, volume={17}, ISSN={0264-410X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00496-4}, DOI={10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00496-4}, abstractNote={Equine influenza virus infection remains one of the most important infectious diseases of the horse, yet current vaccines offer only limited protection. The equine immune response to natural influenza virus infection results in long-term protective immunity, and is characterized by mucosal IgA and serum IgGa and IgGb antibody responses. DNA vaccination offers a radical alternative to conventional vaccines, with the potential to generate the same protective immune responses seen following viral infection. Antigen-specific antibody isotype responses in serum and mucosal secretions were studied in ponies following particle-mediated delivery of hemagglutinin (HA)-DNA vaccination on three occasions at approximately 63-day intervals. One group of four ponies were vaccinated at skin and mucosal sites and the another group were vaccinated at skin sites only. All ponies were subjected to a challenge infection 30 days after the third vaccination. Skin and mucosal vaccination provided complete protection from clinical signs of infection, while skin vaccination provided partial protection; DNA vaccination provided partial protection from viral shedding. DNA vaccination generated only IgGa and IgGb antibody responses, which occurred with a higher frequency in the skin and mucosa vaccinated ponies. No mucosal IgA response was generated prior to challenge infection and IgA responses were only detected in those ponies which shed virus postchallenge. These results demonstrate that HA-DNA vaccination induces IgG(a) and IgG(b) antibody responses which are associated with protection in the absence of mucosal IgA responses. In addition, additional DNA vaccinations of mucosal sites increased protection and the frequency of seroconversion in ponies.}, number={18}, journal={Vaccine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.P and Soboll, G and Schram, B.R and Quass, J and McGregor, M.W and Drape, R.J and Macklin, M.D and McCabe, D.E and Swain, W.F and Olsen, C.W}, year={1999}, month={May}, pages={2245–2258} }
 @inbook{lunn_olsen_soboll_mcgregor_macklin_mccabe_swain_1999, place={Newmarket}, title={Development of practical DNA vaccination strategies for use in horses}, booktitle={Equine Infectious Diseases VIII}, publisher={R&W Publications}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Olsen, C.W. and Soboll, G. and McGregor, M.W. and Macklin, M.D. and McCabe, D.E. and Swain, W.F.}, editor={Wernery, U and Wade, JA and Mumford, JA and Kaaden, O-REditors}, year={1999}, pages={38–43} }
 @article{kim_parrish_momont_lunn_1999, title={Effects of Experimentally Generated Bull Antisperm Antibodies on In Vitro Fertilization1}, volume={60}, ISSN={0006-3363 1529-7268}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod60.6.1285}, DOI={10.1095/biolreprod60.6.1285}, abstractNote={To test the hypothesis that bull antisperm antibodies have the capacity to interfere with fertilization, antisperm antibodies were generated in three 13-mo-old Holstein bulls by auto-immunizing each bull with sperm three times. All bulls produced serum antisperm IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies. No serum antisperm IgA nor seminal plasma antisperm antibodies of any isotype could be detected by ELISA. Western blots were performed with immunopurified IgG1 and IgG2 from pre- and post-immunization sera from one test bull. Both post-immunization IgG1 and IgG2 recognized a 45-kDa sperm antigen. Serum samples from a normal bull stud population tested by ELISA had significantly higher levels of antisperm antibodies than did heifers. The bull stud serum samples giving the highest ELISA values differed from those of the immunized bulls in that their antisperm antibodies were of the IgM isotype only. Bull sperm were incubated with serum from the immunized and control bulls, then added to bovine oocytes in vitro. Incubation of sperm with post-immunization serum reduced in vitro fertilization rates (p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that antisperm IgG1 and IgG2 generated by sperm auto-immunizations reduced fertility in vitro, and therefore naturally occurring antisperm antibodies may affect fertility in bulls.}, number={6}, journal={Biology of Reproduction}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Kim, C.A. and Parrish, J.J. and Momont, H.W. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={1285–1291} }
 @inbook{lunn_mcclure_1999, edition={5th}, title={Immunological principles of equine vaccination}, booktitle={Equine Medicine and Surgery}, publisher={Mosby, Inc}, author={Lunn, D.P. and McClure, J.T.}, editor={Moore, J. and Mayhew, I.Editors}, year={1999}, pages={183–190} }
 @inbook{mcclure_lunn_1999, edition={5th}, title={Practical applications of equine vaccination}, booktitle={Equine Medicine and Surgery}, publisher={Mosby Inc.}, author={McClure, J.T. and Lunn, D.P.}, editor={Moore, J and Mayhew, IEditors}, year={1999}, pages={191–195} }
 @article{kalsow_albrecht_steinberg_lunn_1998, title={Antibody selection for immunohistochemical survey of equine tissue}, volume={119}, ISSN={0021-9975}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9975(98)80040-6}, DOI={10.1016/s0021-9975(98)80040-6}, abstractNote={Immunohistochemical evaluation of equine tissue necessitates the use of antibodies reactive with cells from a heterogeneous population. Lymphoid tissues from 12 horses were fixed in Bouin's fluid, ethanol or formalin and examined for immunohistochemical reactivity with anti-equine and anti-human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for MHC Class II antigens, T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages. Only a few of the anti-equine MAbs tested were reactive with fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue. Anti-human MAbs expanded the desired range of reactivity and increased the consistency in different animals. The anti-equine MAbs conferred species specificity and anti-human MAbs provided an increased spectrum of reactivity.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Comparative Pathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kalsow, C.M. and Albrecht, T.R. and Steinberg, N.P. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={1998}, month={Nov}, pages={467–472} }
 @article{larsen_dybdahl-sissoko_mcgregor_drape_neumann_swain_lunn_olsen_1998, title={Co-administration of DNA encoding interleukin-6 and hemagglutinin confers protection from influenza virus challenge in mice}, volume={72}, journal={Journal of Virology}, author={Larsen, D.L. and Dybdahl-Sissoko, N. and McGregor, M.W. and Drape, R. and Neumann, V. and Swain, W.F. and Lunn, D.P. and Olsen, C.W.}, year={1998}, pages={1704–1708} }
 @article{aldridge_mcguirk_clark_knapp_watkins_lunn_1998, title={Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: a rapid method for differentiating BoLA-DRB3 alleles}, volume={29}, ISSN={0268-9146 1365-2052}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.295361.x}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.295361.x}, abstractNote={The products of the BoLA‐DRB3 locus are important molecules in the bovine immune response. Several techniques have been used to study and define this locus but they are generally time consuming and limited in their ability to detect novel alleles. In this study we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and direct sequencing, for BoLA‐DRB3‐typing. First, modified locus‐specific primers were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 240 bp fragment of exon 2 of BoLA‐DRB3 from the genomic DNA of 22 cattle and one pair of twin calves. The reverse primer included a GC‐rich clamp to improve the physical separation of the BoLA‐DRB3 alleles by DGGE. The denaturing gradient needed to produce separation of alleles was determined using perpendicular DGGE, and this gradient was then applied to parallel denaturing gels. The optimal time for producing allele separation was determined using a time‐series analysis. The bands representing individual BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were excised from the gels, reamplified, and the nucleotide sequence determined using fluorescent‐based automated cycle sequencing. The nucleotide sequences of the separated bands were then compared to published BoLA‐DRB3 alleles. A gradient of 10–15% acrylamide combined with a 15–50% urea‐formamide gradient was successfully used to separate BoLA‐DRB3 alleles in all individuals examined. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the 24 animals possessed 13 BoLA‐DRB3 alleles, all of which have been previously described. The BoLA‐DRB3 genotypes included 20 heterozygotes and two homozygotes. Three BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were seen in each of the twin calves, possibly due to leukochimerism. The technique is reliable and rapid, and avoids cloning alleles prior to nucleotide sequencing and therefore offers distinct advantages over previous techniques for BoLA‐DRB3‐typing.}, number={5}, journal={Animal Genetics}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Aldridge, B. M. and McGuirk, S. M. and Clark, R. J. and Knapp, L. A. and Watkins, D. I. and Lunn, D. P.}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={389–394} }
 @article{aldridge_mcguirk_lunn_1998, title={Effect of colostral ingestion on immunoglobulin-positive cells in calves}, volume={62}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00158-x}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00158-x}, abstractNote={The importance of colostrum for passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin in calves is well established. Colostrum is thought to have additional generalized and antigen-specific immunomodulatory activities, of which the downregulation of endogenous immunoglobulin production is best documented. The objective of this study was to examine whether ingestion of colostrum altered the B cell subpopulations in the lymph nodes of newborn calves. Calves were fed one gallon of either fresh colostrum (Group A, n=5), milk replacer (Group B, n=5) or treated (frozen or irradiated) colostrum (Group D, n=4) and were euthanized at 36–48 h. An additional 5 calves (Group C, 3 newborn and 2 mid-term fetuses) did not receive any feedings; the neonatal calves were euthanized immediately following birth. Mesenteric and regional lymph nodes from all calves were analyzed by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing bovine IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM. Calves from Groups B and C (colostrum deprived, neonates, and fetuses) showed a consistent pattern of IgG1 and IgG2 positive cells scattered individually and in clusters throughout lymph node cortex, paracortex, and cortico–medullary junction. In sharp contrast, no IgG1 and IgG2 positive cells were present in the lymphoid tissues of colostrum fed calves (Groups A or D). Numbers of IgM and IgA positive cells were similarly distributed in all calf groups. These findings demonstrate that colostrum feeding reduces the number of immunoglobulin positive cells in the lymphoid tissues of newborn calves in an isotype-specific manner. This results in the elimination of IgG1 and IgG2 positive cells that are present in both fetuses and newborn calves. This effect is not eliminated by freezing or irradiation, indicating that a non-cellular, cold-stable colostral factor is responsible. Systemically distributed colostral proteins such as immunoglobulin or cytokines are the most likely mediators. The significance of this phenomenon in terms of colostral modulation of calf endogenous antibody production is discussed.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Aldridge, B.M and McGuirk, S.M and Lunn, D.P}, year={1998}, month={Mar}, pages={51–64} }
 @inbook{lunn_horohov_hannant_1998, place={London}, title={Immunology of Horses and Donkeys}, ISBN={9780125464017}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012546401-7/50012-3}, DOI={10.1016/b978-012546401-7/50012-3}, booktitle={Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Horohov, D.W. and Hannant, D.}, editor={Pastoret, P.-P. and Bazin, H. and Griebel, P. and Govaerts, A.Editors}, year={1998}, pages={343–371} }
 @article{nelson_schram_mcgregor_olsen_lunn_1998, title={Local and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses to equine influenza virus infection versus conventional vaccination}, volume={16}, ISSN={0264-410X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00009-7}, DOI={10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00009-7}, abstractNote={Inactivated alum-adjuvanted conventional equine influenza virus vaccines are of poor efficacy and offer limited short-term protection against infection. In sharp contrast, natural infection with equine influenza virus confers long-term protective immunity. In order to identify the protective immune responses to equine influenza virus, the influenza virus-specific IgA, IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgG(T) antibody responses in nasal secretions and serum induced by natural infection and a commercial vaccine were studied by ELISA. Two groups of four influenza-naive ponies were established. In the natural infection group, ponies received 108.5 EID50 of A/equine/Ky/1/81 by intranasal instillation, were allowed to recover, and then were rechallenged 100 days later. All four ponies exhibited clinical signs of influenza virus infection and viral shedding following primary infection, but were completely protected from challenge infection. Antibody responses to primary infection were characterized by nasal IgA and serum IgGa and IgGb responses. Ponies in the conventional vaccine group received a commercially available vaccine by intramuscular injection followed by a booster injection 3 weeks later. Challenge infection 100 days after vaccination resulted in clinical signs of infection and viral shedding. Antibody responses to vaccination were restricted to serum IgG(T) responses only. These results demonstrate that the protective immunity generated by natural equine influenza virus infection is associated with a mucosal IgA immune response and humoral IgGa and IgGb sub-isotype responses, and that this pattern of response is not generated by conventional vaccines.}, number={13}, journal={Vaccine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nelson, K.M. and Schram, B.R. and McGregor, M.W. and Olsen, C.W. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={1998}, month={Aug}, pages={1306–1313} }
 @article{sheoran_lunn_holmes_1998, title={Monoclonal antibodies to subclass-specific antigenic determinants on equine immunoglobulin gamma chains and their characterization}, volume={62}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00162-1}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00162-1}, abstractNote={This paper describes the production of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identifying the four recognised equine IgG subisotypes IgG, IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgG(T). Pure preparations of the subisotypes for use in immunisations and testing were produced using a combination of gel filtration, salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and protein A and Protein G affinity chromatography. The specificity of mAbs for the IgG subisotypes was confirmed using ELISA assays, by characterisation of affinity purified proteins recognised by the mAbs, and by Western blotting of equine serum proteins. The expression of equine IgG subisotypes by B cells was examined by flow cytometry using the panel of mAbs.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sheoran, Abhineet S and Lunn, D.Paul and Holmes, Mark A}, year={1998}, month={Mar}, pages={153–165} }
 @article{lunn_holmes_antczak_agerwal_baker_bendali-ahcene_blanchard-channell_byrne_cannizzo_davis_et al._1998, title={Report of the Second Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop, Squaw Valley, California, July 1995}, volume={62}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00160-8}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00160-8}, abstractNote={The final assignment of antibody clusters for leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins, as described in detail in Sections 3 and 4, is summarized in Table 4. Together with other mAbs developed outside of ELAW II (Table 9) this pool of reagents represent a powerful array of tools for the study of equine immunity. The Second Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop made considerable advances in pursuing the objectives of establishing the specificities of mAbs and achieving consensus on the nomenclature for equine leucocyte and immunoglobulin molecules. Of equal importance, several productive collaborations were fostered among the participating laboratories and observers. Overall, enormous advances have been made in the past decade since mAbs specific for equine leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins were first reported. There remains enormous scope and need for further studies of equine leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins, both for the purposes of comparative immunology and for the good of the horse. In the future novel techniques will be required to develop reagents for specific target antigens such as the orthologues of the CD25 or CD45 isoforms. In studies of equine immunoglobulins the functional role of the IgG isotypes must be better established, reagents for IgE must be developed, and cloning of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes will be essential if the complexities of the IgG sub-isotypes are to be elucidated. The tasks still facing the currently small group of equine immunologists throughout the world remain formidable, and will only be tackled successfully in a spirit of collaboration.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.P and Holmes, M.A and Antczak, D.F and Agerwal, N and Baker, Jessica and Bendali-Ahcene, S and Blanchard-Channell, Myra and Byrne, Katherine M and Cannizzo, Karen and Davis, W and et al.}, year={1998}, month={Mar}, pages={101–143} }
 @article{vagnoni_lunn_ginther_1997, title={Equine chorionic girdle cells: molecular aspects}, volume={9}, journal={ARTA}, author={Vagnoni, K. and Lunn, D.P. and Ginther, O.J.}, year={1997}, pages={223–235} }
 @article{olsen_mcgregor_dybdahl-sissoko_schram_nelson_paul lunn_macklin_swain_hinshaw_1997, title={Immunogenicity and efficacy of baculovirus-expressed and DNA-based equine influenza virus hemagglutinin vaccines in mice}, volume={15}, ISSN={0264-410X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00309-x}, DOI={10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00309-x}, abstractNote={Two fundamentally different approaches to vaccination of BALB/c mice with the hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Equine/Kentucky/1/81 (H3N8) (Eq/KY) were evaluated, that is, administration of HA protein vs administration of HA-encoding DNA. Each vaccine was tested for its immunogenicity and ability to provide protection from homologous virus challenge. HA protein was synthesized in vitro by infection of Sf21 insect cells with a recombinant baculovirus. Intranasal administration of this vaccine induced virus-specific antibodies, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but did not induce virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies. This route of administration provided partial protection from virus challenge, but interestingly, this protection was completely abrogated, rather than enhanced, by co-administration of 10 μg of cholera holotoxin. As a second approach, mice were directly vaccinated in vivo by Accell® gene gun delivery of plasmid DNA encoding the Eq/KY HA gene. This approach induced VN antibodies as well as virus-specific ELISA antibodies. When two doses of DNA vaccine were administered 3 weeks apart, mice were not protected from challenge, although they cleared the infection more rapidly than control mice. However, when the second DNA vaccination was delayed until 9 weeks after the first, 9 out of 10 vaccinated mice were completely protected. These results indicate that the time between initial and booster DNA vaccinations may be an important variable in determining DNA vaccination efficacy.}, number={10}, journal={Vaccine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Olsen, Christopher W. and McGregor, Martha W. and Dybdahl-Sissoko, Naomi and Schram, Brian R. and Nelson, Kathryn M. and Paul Lunn, D. and Macklin, Michael D. and Swain, William F. and Hinshaw, Virginia S.}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={1149–1156} }
 @article{konkle_nelson_lunn_1997, title={Nosocomial Transmission of Cryptosporidium in a Veterinary Hospital}, volume={11}, ISSN={0891-6640 1939-1676}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00477.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00477.x}, abstractNote={An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred at a veterinary hospital, involving multiple species, including humans. The index case was an infected dairy calf that presented with diarrhea. Several other cases of Cryptosporidial diarrhea subsequently developed during a 1‐month period. The key features of this outbreak were the multiple species affected, the increased morbidity in immunocompromised neonates, and the failure of implemented control measures to contain the disease}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Konkle, Darlene M. and Nelson, Kathryn M. and Lunn, D. Paul}, year={1997}, month={Nov}, pages={340–343} }
 @inproceedings{lunn_1997, title={Preventative immunology}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 1997 Dubai International Equine Symposium: The diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease}, publisher={Neyenesch Printers Inc}, author={Lunn, D.P.}, editor={Rantanen, N.W. and Hauser, M.L.Editors}, year={1997}, pages={89–106} }
 @article{lunn_vagnoni_ginther_1997, title={The equine immune response to endometrial cups}, volume={34}, ISSN={0165-0378}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00044-2}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00044-2}, abstractNote={Out of all the areas of comparative immunological study in the horse, the field of reproductive immunology has proven to be one of the most fertile and exciting. Maternal immunological interactions with the fetus involve a set of events which prevent maternal rejection of trophoblastic tissue invading the uterus, and at the same time control this invasion to regulate growth and prevent damage to maternal tissues. Unique features of equine placentation make it exceptionally well-suited to studying these immunological interactions.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Reproductive Immunology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, P and Vagnoni, K.E and Ginther, O.J}, year={1997}, month={Oct}, pages={203–216} }
 @article{vagnoni_ginther_lunn_1996, title={Expression of major histocompatibility complex antigen and timing of invasion by equine chorionic girdle cells cultured on Matrigel}, volume={54}, ISSN={0006-3363 1529-7268}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod54.1.219}, DOI={10.1095/biolreprod54.1.219}, abstractNote={Chorionic girdle cells are a highly invasive subpopulation of trophoblastic cells of the horse conceptus that adhere to the uterine epithelium and begin to invade the endometrium on Days 34-36 (Day 0 = day of ovulation). Just prior to and during invasion (Days 32-36), chorionic girdle cells express high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I, but expression of this antigen decreases by Days 40-45 and is lost by Day 55. The mechanisms involved in the control of chorionic girdle cell invasion and altered MHCI expression over time are not known. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the timing of invasion and the characteristics of MHC expression by girdle cells cultured on Matrigel to determine whether chorionic girdle cell behavior in this environment is similar to the behavior in vivo. Chorionic girdles from four conceptuses were collected on each of Days 30, 31, and 32 and placed in Matrigel invasion chambers for 48 h and in additional duplicate chambers for a time period equivalent to the number of days from the day of collection to Day 36 (6, 5, and 4 days, respectively). After these culture times, the area of the filter covered by invasive cells was determined through use of the software program NIH image. At 48 h, Day 31 and Day 32 girdle cell preparations had invaded Matrigel; but only one Day 30 girdle cell preparation showed invasion into Matrigel, and the extent of invasion was limited. Girdle cells collected on all 3 days had invaded Matrigel by the time equivalent to Day 36. Additionally, chorionic girdles from six conceptuses were collected on Day 34 and placed in Matrigel invasion chambers. Three of these were examined for surface antigen expression of MHCI, MHCII, and a trophoblast-specific antigen (102.1) by immunocytochemistry (ICC) every 48 h to a time point equivalent to Day 44. The remaining three were examined for these same antigens at times equivalent to Days 36, 40, 50, and 60. Invasive Day 34 girdle cells expressed MHCI and trophoblast-specific antigen, but not MHCII, at each time examined (Days 36-60). Neither the timing of invasion nor MHCI expression by chorionic girdle cells on Matrigel mimicked what occurs in vivo. Therefore, it is likely that the in utero environment plays a role in regulating these two characteristics of equine chorionic girdle cells.}, number={1}, journal={Biology of Reproduction}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Vagnoni, K. and Ginther, O.J. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={1996}, month={Jan}, pages={219–223} }
 @article{lunn_schram_vagnoni_schobert_horohov_ginther_1996, title={Positive selection of EqCD8+ precursors increases equine lymphokine-activated killing}, volume={53}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(96)05554-7}, DOI={10.1016/0165-2427(96)05554-7}, abstractNote={Lymphokine activated killing (LAK) is an example of natural cytotoxicity, and as such is a critical means of defense against diseases such as viral infection and neoplasia. Despite this important role, the specific molecular interactions involved in LAK or other forms of natural cytotoxicity are only partially understood. In some species, cells capable of mediating natural cytotoxicity express the CD8 molecule, although no specific role has been demonstrated for CD8 in non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity. In this study the role of the EqCD8 equine homolog of CD8 in LAK cell activity was examined. A series of LAK assays were performed using equine lymphocyte populations enriched or depleted for EqCD8 expression by positive or negative selection. The results indicate that positive selection of LAK precursors using an anti-EqCD8 (CVS8) antibody greatly increases LAK cytotoxicity. The implications for the role of the EqCD8 molecules in LAK are discussed.}, number={1-2}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Schram, B.R. and Vagnoni, Karen E. and Schobert, C.S. and Horohov, D.W. and Ginther, O.J.}, year={1996}, month={Sep}, pages={1–13} }
 @article{lunn_holmes_antczak_1996, title={Summary Report of the Second Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop}, volume={54}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05674-7}, DOI={10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05674-7}, abstractNote={The sequencing of the bovine genome and development of mass spectrometry, in conjunction with flow cytometry (FC), have afforded an opportunity to complete the characterization of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), only partially characterized during previous international workshops focused on antibody development for livestock (1991, Leukocyte Antigens in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats; 1993, Leukocyte Antigens of Cattle and Sheep; 1996, Third Workshop on Ruminant Leukocyte Antigens). The objective of this study was to complete the characterization of twelve mAbs incompletely characterized during the workshops that reacted with molecules predominantly expressed on bovine monocytes and use them to provide further information on the phenotypic complexity of monocyte subsets in ruminants. Analysis revealed that the mAbs could be grouped into three clusters that recognize three different molecules: CD11c, CD14, and CD163. Following characterization, comparison of the patterns of expression of CD14 and CD163 with expression of CD16, CD172a, and CD209 revealed the mononuclear cell population is comprised of multiple subsets with differential expression of these molecules. Further analysis revealed the epitopes recognized by mAbs to CD14 and CD163 are conserved on orthologues in sheep and goats. In contrast to CD14 that is also expressed on sheep and goat granulocytes, CD163 is a definitive marker for their monocytes.}, number={1-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Holmes, M.A. and Antczak, D.F.}, year={1996}, month={Nov}, pages={159–161} }
 @article{vagnoni_schram_ginther_lunn_1996, title={Susceptibility of Equine Chorionic Girdle Cells to Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell Activity}, volume={36}, ISSN={1046-7408}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00160.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00160.x}, abstractNote={PROBLEM: Equine chorionic girdle cells are a subpopulation of highly invasive trophoblast cells that attach and invade the uterine epithelium on Day 35 (Day 0 = day of ovulation). These invading chorionic girdle cells form endometrial cups that are associated with a marked local maternal leukocytic response that may result in the demise of the cups at Day 120 of pregnancy. Once endometrial cups become established in the uterine wall they do not express MHC antigens, and therefore may only be susceptible to non‐MHC restricted cytotoxic cells. The susceptibility of cultured chorionic girdle cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity was tested in order to evaluate the role of this type of cytotoxicity in the life‐cycle of endometrial cup tissue.}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Reproductive Immunology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vagnoni, K.E. and Schram, B.R. and Ginther, O.J. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={1996}, month={Sep}, pages={184–190} }
 @article{lunn_mcclure_schobert_holmes_1995, title={Abnormal patterns of equine leucocyte differentiation antigen expression in SCID foals suggests the phenotype of normal equine NK cells}, volume={84}, number={3}, journal={Immunology}, author={Lunn, D.P. and McClure, J.T. and Schobert, C.S. and Holmes, M.A.}, year={1995}, pages={495–499} }
 @article{vagnoni_ginther_paul lunn_1995, title={Metalloproteinase Activity has a Role in Equine Chorionic Girdle Cell Invasion1}, volume={53}, ISSN={0006-3363 1529-7268}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod53.4.800}, DOI={10.1095/biolreprod53.4.800}, abstractNote={Chorionic girdle cells are a highly invasive subpopulation of trophoblast cells of the equine conceptus. By Day 35 (Day 0 = day of ovulation), cells of the chorionic girdle adhere to the uterine epithelium and begin to invade the endometrial wall. Invasive cells must attach to extracellular matrix proteins, secrete proteinases capable of degrading matrix, and migrate through the degraded matrix; invasion is largely dependent on the proteinase activity of the cells. The objective, therefore, was to develop an in vitro system to examine the mechanisms of equine chorionic girdle cell invasion through extracellular matrix. Day 34 chorionic girdle cell preparations were cultured on Matrigel Invasion Chambers. The cultured invasive cells were binucleate with prominent nucleoli and were often highly vacuolated, consistent with in vivo cup cell morphology. In addition, the cultured cells produced eCG. Additional Day 34 chorionic girdle cell preparations were cultured on Matrigel Invasion Chambers with or without proteinase inhibitors (aprotinin, bestatin, 1,10-phenanthroline) to determine the proteinase activity associated with girdle cell invasion. Only the metalloproteinase inhibitor, 1,10-phenanthroline, inhibited chorionic girdle cell invasion through Matrigel. Chorionic girdle cell supernatants were characterized by zymography, and the proteinases produced by these cells were confirmed to be metalloproteinases at approximate molecular masses of 72 and 95 kDa. The results indicated that equine chorionic girdle cells have matrix-degrading capabilities through metalloproteinase activity. Similar metalloproteinase activity has been reported to be necessary for mouse and human trophoblast invasion, suggesting a similar mechanism of implantation.}, number={4}, journal={Biology of Reproduction}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Vagnoni, Karen E. and Ginther, O. J. and Paul Lunn, D.}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={800–805} }
 @article{lunn_holmes_schram_duffus_1995, title={Monoclonal antibodies specific for equine IgG sub-isotypes including an antibody which recognizes B lymphocytes}, volume={47}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(95)97067-j}, DOI={10.1016/0165-2427(95)97067-j}, abstractNote={Equine immunoglobulin G is currently classified as consisting of five sub-isotypes: IgGa, b, and c, IgG(T), and IgG(B). The study of the role of these immunoglobulins in antigen-specific responses, and the examination of their functional properties would be greatly facilitated by the availability of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that distinguish between them. The production and characterization of two Mabs that recognize an IgG sub-isotype with the characteristics of IgG(ab) is described. The immunoglobulin identified by these Mabs had a heavy chain weight of 53 kDa, was of rapid cathodal electrophoretic mobility in immuno-electrophoretic analysis, and reacted only with anti-sera to IgG, and not with anti-sera to IgG(T), IgA, or IgM in radia-immunodiffusion analysis. In addition, one of these two Mabs (CVS1) also recognized the majority of peripheral blood B lymphocytes in indirect immunofluorescent staining analysis, suggesting either that equine IgD may share a common antigenic epitope with an IgG sub-isotype, or that a large proportion of equine B lymphocytes may express an IgG sub-isotype on their surface.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Holmes, M.A. and Schram, B. and Duffus, W.P.H.}, year={1995}, month={Aug}, pages={239–251} }
 @inproceedings{lunn_schram_vagnoni_schobert_truax_horohov_1995, place={Newmarket}, title={Receptor interactions in equine lymphokine-activated killing}, booktitle={Equine Infectious Diseases VII; Proceedings}, publisher={R & W Publications}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Schram, B. and Vagnoni, K. and Schobert, C.S. and Truax, R. and Horohov, D.W.}, editor={Nakajima, H. and Plowright, W. and Publications, W.Editors}, year={1995}, pages={133–138} }
 @article{grünig_barbis_zhang_davis_lunn_antczak_1994, title={Correlation between monoclonal antibody reactivity and expression of CD4 and CD8α genes in the horse}, volume={42}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90089-2}, DOI={10.1016/0165-2427(94)90089-2}, abstractNote={Equine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were enriched by positive selection using panning with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies against putative equine CD4 (Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop antibodies WS 1 and WS 72), or CD8 molecules (Workshop antibodies WS 12, WS 49, and WS 74). RNA was extracted from CD4 enriched cells (99% purity), from CD8 enriched cells (69% purity), from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and from neonatal equine thymus. RNA extracted from equine granulocytes and from equine kidney served as negative control. The RNA was electrophoresed in agarose and transferred to nylon membranes. Northern blots were hybridized with human and mouse cDNA probes for CD4 and CD8α. The human CD4 probe detected a 2.9 kb RNA transcript in equine PBL, CD4 enriched lymphocytes, and thymocytes. The human CD8α probe detected a 2.0 kb transcript in RNA from equine CD8α enriched lymphocytes and thymocytes, but not from PBL or CD4 enriched lymphocytes. Mouse cDNA probes for CD4 and CD8 did not react with equine RNA. Results of hybridizations using the human probes support the assignment of the CD4 and CD8 specificities to the antibodies listed above. The results also suggest that the equine CD4 and CD8α genes are more closely related to the human than to the murine counterparts.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grünig, G. and Barbis, D.P. and Zhang, C.H. and Davis, W.C. and Lunn, D.P. and Antczak, D.F.}, year={1994}, month={Jul}, pages={61–69} }
 @article{lunn_holmes_duffus_1994, title={Polymorphic expression of an equine T lymphocyte and neutrophil subset marker}, volume={42}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90091-4}, DOI={10.1016/0165-2427(94)90091-4}, abstractNote={This report describes the further characterization of a group of antibodies which have been assigned to Workshop Cluster 1 by the First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens. These antibodies recognize a 22 kDa antigen, which is present on a large subset of T lymphocytes and neutrophils, and on medullary thymocytes. The antigen is polymorphic in its expression, and three equine phenotypes could be identified using the described antibodies. The function and homology of the antigen recognized by these antibodies are unknown.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D. Paul and Holmes, Mark A. and Duffus, W.Philip H.}, year={1994}, month={Jul}, pages={83–89} }
 @article{kydd_antczak_allen_barbis_butcher_davis_duffus_edington_grünig_holmes_et al._1994, title={Report of the First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens, Cambridge, UK, July 1991}, volume={42}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90088-4}, DOI={10.1016/0165-2427(94)90088-4}, abstractNote={ACD, acid-citrate dextrose; AEC, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CD, cluster of differentiation; DAB, diaminobenzidine; EDTA, ethylene diamine tetracetate; FCS, fetal calf serum; Ig, immunoglobulin; kDa, kilodalton; mAb, monoclonal antibody; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes; SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency; TCR, T cell receptor.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kydd, Julia and Antczak, D.F. and Allen, W.R. and Barbis, Dina and Butcher, G. and Davis, W. and Duffus, W.P.H. and Edington, N. and Grünig, Gabriele and Holmes, M.A. and et al.}, year={1994}, month={Jul}, pages={3–60} }
 @article{holmes_lunn_1994, title={Variation of MHC II expression on canine lymphocytes with age}, volume={43}, ISSN={0001-2815 1399-0039}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02319.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02319.x}, abstractNote={Tissue AntigensVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 179-183 Variation of MHC II expression on canine lymphocytes with age A. Mark Holmes, Corresponding Author A. Mark Holmes University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, U.K. University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES U.K. University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine 2015 Linden Dr W. Madison, Wisconsin 53706 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorPaul D. Lunn, Corresponding Author Paul D. Lunn University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES U.K. University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine 2015 Linden Dr W. Madison, Wisconsin 53706 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author A. Mark Holmes, Corresponding Author A. Mark Holmes University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, U.K. University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES U.K. University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine 2015 Linden Dr W. Madison, Wisconsin 53706 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorPaul D. Lunn, Corresponding Author Paul D. Lunn University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES U.K. University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine 2015 Linden Dr W. Madison, Wisconsin 53706 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02319.xCitations: 18AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue3March 1994Pages 179-183 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={Tissue Antigens}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Holmes, A. Mark and Lunn, Paul D.}, year={1994}, month={Mar}, pages={179–183} }
 @article{lunn_1993, title={A comparative review of human and equine leucocyte differentiation antigens}, volume={149}, ISSN={0007-1935}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1935(05)80209-x}, DOI={10.1016/s0007-1935(05)80209-x}, abstractNote={Monoclonal antibody technology has allowed the recognition and study of numerous leucocyte antigens in man and laboratory animals for over a decade. Numerous advances in the understanding of immune responses and immunopathology have resulted. In recent years equine researchers have started to develop similar reagents, which now offer a powerful tool to investigators of equine immunology and disease.}, number={1}, journal={British Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.P.}, year={1993}, month={Jan}, pages={31–49} }
 @article{lunn_mcclure_1993, title={Clinico-pathological diagnosis of immunodeficiency}, volume={5}, ISSN={0957-7734 2042-3292}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1993.tb00987.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.1993.tb00987.x}, abstractNote={Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 5, Issue 1 p. 30-32 Clinico-pathological diagnosis of immunodeficiency D. P. LUNN, D. P. LUNN The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. T. McCLURE, J. T. McCLURE The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.Search for more papers by this author D. P. LUNN, D. P. LUNN The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. T. McCLURE, J. T. McCLURE The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1993.tb00987.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume5, Issue1February 1993Pages 30-32 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, D. P. and McClure, J. T.}, year={1993}, month={Feb}, pages={30–32} }
 @article{mcclure_lunn_mcguirk_1993, title={Combined immunodeficiency in 3 foals}, volume={5}, ISSN={0957-7734 2042-3292}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1993.tb00983.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.1993.tb00983.x}, abstractNote={Combined immunodeficiency (CID) is a fatal, inherited disease of Arabian foals first reported in 1973 (McGuire and Poppie 1973). CID is an autosomal recessive condition that results in the absence of both B and T lymphocytes. Affected foals suffer from a variety of infectious disease, and are largely dependent on passively transferred maternal immunity for protection. Diagnosis of combined immunodeficiency is based on 3 criteria: (1) persistent lymphopenia, (2) absence of IgM in foals over 4 weeks of age, and (3) lymphoid hypoplasia of the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. This report describes 3 cases of CID presented to the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison between May and August of 1992. Initial diagnostic procedures to evaluate the signs of respiratory disease in this foal included a complete blood cell count (CBC), arterial blood gas evaluation, cytological and bacteriological examination of a trans-tracheal lavage specimen and thoracic radiographs. Abnormal CBC results (Table 1; Day 1) included severe lymphopenia, hyperfibrinogenaemia and a slight left shift. The foal was hypoxaemic (Pao, 41.5 mmHg) and thoracic radiographs showed signs of a marked generalised interstitial pattern. Cytological examination showed a suppurative neutrophilic exudate in the tracheal fluid, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus, sensitive both to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, was isolated in culture.}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, publisher={Wiley}, author={McClure, J. T. and Lunn, D. P. and McGuirk, S. M. M.}, year={1993}, month={Feb}, pages={14–18} }
 @article{lunn_holmes_duffus_1993, title={Equine T-lymphocyte MHC II expression: variation with age and subset}, volume={35}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(93)90036-4}, DOI={10.1016/0165-2427(93)90036-4}, abstractNote={This paper describes the characteristics of a monoclonal antibody (CVS10) that reacts with an equine leukocyte antigen. On the basis of tissue distribution and biochemical characteristics, this antigen is equine MHC II. The equine MHC II antigen was found on a large subset of T-lymphocytes in addition to all B-lymphocytes, as has been reported previously. In addition MHC II was found to be present on a large proportion of both the mutually exclusive equine T-lymphocyte subpopulations which express either the equine homologues of CD4, or CD8. In a study of changes in equine MHC II expression with age it was found that far fewer lymphocytes express MHC II in neonatal foals than in adult horses. An increase with age was demonstrated. This age related change in MHC II expression was shown to occur principally within the T-lymphocyte subpopulation. It is proposed that this change may be associated with the development of a memory T-lymphocyte population, and that MHC II expression may be a marker for memory T-lymphocytes.}, number={3-4}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, D.Paul and Holmes, Mark A. and Duffus, W.Philip H.}, year={1993}, month={Jan}, pages={225–238} }
 @article{lunn_cuddon_shaftoe_archer_1993, title={Familial occurrence of narcolepsy in Miniature Horses}, volume={25}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02998.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02998.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={6}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, D. P. and Cuddon, P. A. and Shaftoe, S. and Archer, R. M.}, year={1993}, month={Nov}, pages={483–487} }
 @article{tavernor_deverson_coadwell_lunn_zhang_davis_butcher_1993, title={Moleculaar cloning of equine CD44 cDNA by a COS cell expression system}, volume={37}, ISSN={0093-7711 1432-1211}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00222474}, DOI={10.1007/bf00222474}, number={6}, journal={Immunogenetics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Tavernor, AngelaS. and Deverson, EdwardV. and Coadwell, W.John and Lunn, D.Paul and Zhang, Chonghui and Davis, William and Butcher, GeoffreyW.}, year={1993}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{lunn_duffus_1992, place={Newmarket}, title={Equine T lymphocytes}, booktitle={Sixth International Equine Infectious Disease Conference Proceedings}, publisher={R & W Publications}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Duffus, W.P.H.}, editor={Plowright, W. and Rossdale, P.D. and Wade, J.F.Editors}, year={1992}, pages={113–120} }
 @article{holmes_lunn_1991, title={A study of bovine and equine immunoglobulin levels in pony foals fed bovine colostrum}, volume={23}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02734.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02734.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Holmes, M. A. and Lunn, D. P.}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={116–118} }
 @article{lunn_butler_1991, title={Idiopathic thrombocytopaenia in a Holstein bull}, volume={32}, journal={Canadian Veterinary Journal}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Butler, D.G.}, year={1991}, pages={559–561} }
 @article{chong_duffus_field_gray_awan_o'brien_lunn_1991, title={The raising of equine colostrum-deprived foals; maintenance and assessment of specific pathogen (EHV-1/4) free status}, volume={23}, ISSN={0425-1644 2042-3306}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02733.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02733.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chong, Y. C. and Duffus, W. P. H. and Field, H. J. and Gray, D. A. and Awan, A. R. and O'brien, M. A. and Lunn, D. P.}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={111–115} }
 @article{lunn_holmes_duffus_1991, title={Three monoclonal antibodies identifying antigenson all equine T-lymphocytes, and two mutually exclusive T-lymphocyte subsets}, volume={74}, journal={Immunology}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Holmes, M.A. and Duffus, W.P.H.}, year={1991}, pages={251–257} }
 @article{smith_lunn_robinson_mcguirk_nordheim_macwilliams_1990, title={An experimental model of hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis caused by diversion of abomasal outflow in sheep}, volume={51}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Smith, D.F. and Lunn, D.P. and Robinson, G.M. and McGuirk, S.M. and Nordheim, E.V. and MacWilliams, P.S.}, year={1990}, pages={1715–1722} }
 @inbook{mcguirk_shaftoe_lunn_1990, place={Pennsylvania}, edition={1st}, title={Cardiovascular Diseases}, booktitle={Large Animal Internal Medicine}, publisher={CV Mosby Co}, author={McGuirk, S.M. and Shaftoe, S. and Lunn, D.P.}, editor={Smith, B.P.Editor}, year={1990}, pages={454–488} }
 @article{lunn_mcguirk_1990, title={Renal Regulation of Electrolyte and Acid- Base Balance in Ruminants}, volume={6}, ISSN={0749-0720}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30891-4}, DOI={10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30891-4}, abstractNote={The kidney maintains volume, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. These functions are examined in the ruminant in response to differing dietary intakes and disease states. The consequences of renal disease for these homeostatic processes and the interpretation of urinary excretion data are reviewed.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lunn, David Paul and McGuirk, Sheila M.}, year={1990}, month={Mar}, pages={1–28} }
 @article{lunn_mcguirk_smith_macwilliams_1990, title={Renal net acid and electrolyte excretion in an experimental model of hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis in sheep}, volume={51}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Lunn, D.P. and McGuirk, S.M. and Smith, D.F. and MacWilliams, P.S.}, year={1990}, pages={1723–1731} }
 @article{hovda_mcguirk_lunn_1990, title={Total parenteral nutrition in a neonatal llama}, volume={196}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Hovda, L.R. and McGuirk, S.M. and Lunn, D.P.}, year={1990}, pages={319–322} }
 @article{lunn_1989, title={A case of ataxia in a Thoroughbred filly}, volume={1}, ISSN={0957-7734 2042-3292}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1989.tb01352.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.1989.tb01352.x}, abstractNote={Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 1, Issue 2 p. 85-88 A case of ataxia in a Thoroughbred filly D.P. Lunn, D.P. Lunn University of Cambridge, Dept of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES.Search for more papers by this author D.P. Lunn, D.P. Lunn University of Cambridge, Dept of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1989.tb01352.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES DeLahunta, A. (1983) Veterinary Neuranatomy and Clinical Neurology 2nd edn. W B Saunders, Philadelphia. pp 219–223 291. Google Scholar Hayes, T.E. (1987) Examination of cerebrospinal fluid in the horse. Vet. Clin. North Am. Large Anim. Pract. 3, 283–292. 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30673-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Mayhew, I.G. and MacKay, R.J. (1982) The nervous system. In Equine Medicine and Surgery 2. 3rd edn. Eds: R.A. Mansmann, E.S. McAllister P.W. Pratt. American Veterinary Publications, Santa Barbara. pp 1159–1247. Google Scholar Papageorges, M., Gavin, P.R., Sande, R.D., Barbee, D.D. and Grant, B.D. (1987) Radiographic and myelographic examination of the cervical vertebral column in 306 ataxic horses. Vet. Radiol. 28, 53–59. 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1987.tb01725.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Smith, J.M., DeBowes, R.M. and Cox, J.H. (1987a) Central nervous system disease in adult horses. Part II. Differential diagnosis. Comp. cont. Educ. pract. Vet. 9, 772–780. Web of Science®Google Scholar Smith, J.M., DeBowes, R.M. and Cox, J.H. (1987b) Central nervous system disease in adult horses. Part III. Differential diagnosis. Comp. cont. Educ. pract. Vet. 9, 1042–1053. Web of Science®Google Scholar Wagner, P.C., Grant, B.D., Watrous, B.J., Appell, L. H. and Blythe, L. L. (1985) A study of the heritability of cervical vertebral malformation in horses. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Pract., 43–50. Google Scholar Whitwell, K. (1980) Causes of ataxia in horses. In Practice 2, 17–24. 10.1136/inpract.2.4.17 Google Scholar Whitwell, K.E. and Dyson, S. (1986) The cervical vertebrae. Equine vet. J. Suppl 4, 59–65. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar FURTHER READING Mayhew, I.G. (1989) Large Animal Neurology: A Handbook for Veterinary Clinicians. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 246–258. Google Scholar Volume1, Issue2December 1989Pages 85-88 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, D.P.}, year={1989}, month={Dec}, pages={85–88} }
 @article{lunn_hinchcliff_1989, title={Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia and ataxia in five llamas}, volume={124}, ISSN={0042-4900 2042-7670}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.124.12.302}, DOI={10.1136/vr.124.12.302}, abstractNote={Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia was associated with ataxia in five llamas. A presumptive diagnosis of cerebrospinal parasitism was made, and a response to combined anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory therapy was seen in each animal. The results demonstrate the value of an examination of cerebrospinal fluid in the evaluation of neurological disease in llamas.}, number={12}, journal={Veterinary Record}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Lunn, D. and Hinchcliff, K.}, year={1989}, month={Mar}, pages={302–305} }
 @article{lunn_mayhew_1989, title={The neurological evaluation of horses}, volume={1}, ISSN={0957-7734 2042-3292}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1989.tb01355.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.1989.tb01355.x}, abstractNote={Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 1, Issue 2 p. 94-101 The neurological evaluation of horses D.P. Lunn, University of Cambridge, Dept of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES.Search for more papers by this authorI.G. Mayhew, University of Cambridge, Dept of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES. Animal Health Trust, P.O. Box 5, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7DW.Search for more papers by this author D.P. Lunn, University of Cambridge, Dept of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES.Search for more papers by this authorI.G. Mayhew, University of Cambridge, Dept of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES. Animal Health Trust, P.O. Box 5, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7DW.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1989.tb01355.xCitations: 23 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue2December 1989Pages 94-101 RelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lunn, D.P. and Mayhew, I.G.}, year={1989}, month={Dec}, pages={94–101} }
 @article{lunn_peel_1985, title={Successful treatment of traumatic oesophageal rupture with severe cellulitis in a mare}, volume={116}, ISSN={0042-4900 2042-7670}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.116.20.544}, DOI={10.1136/vr.116.20.544}, abstractNote={A five-year-old standardbred mare suffered a cervical oesophageal rupture subsequent to a kick. Marked cellulitis and extensive soft tissue damage resulted. Treatment consisted of creating an oesophageal fistula, local debridement and systemic antibiotics. The mare made a long but successful recovery. Treatment of oesophageal rupture in the horse is discussed.}, number={20}, journal={Veterinary Record}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Lunn, D. and Peel, J.}, year={1985}, month={May}, pages={544–545} }