@article{hubbe_savithri_2024, title={Cellulose Fibers as a Trendsetter for the Circular Economy that We Urgently Need}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.19.2.2007-2009}, abstractNote={Picking up a discarded can or bottle and placing it in a recycling bin may seem like a very small step to take in the direction of making a better world. The scope of benefits that might accrue, by combining many such steps, and making careful plans, was highlighted in a recent Waste to Advanced Resources Matter (WARM) workshop hosted at this university. As shown during the discussions at the workshop, those who are deeply involved with issues of waste management, climate change issues, and care for our planet already know the “broad brush” answers regarding what needs to be done. Now is the time for action in implementing efficient and widespread recovery of valuable materials and energy from what we presently throw away.}, number={2}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Hubbe, Martin A. and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi}, year={2024}, month={May}, pages={2007–2009} }
 @article{jung_savithri_sharma-shivappa_kolar_2020, title={Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment on Lignin Monomeric Components of Miscanthus x giganteus and Enzymatic Hydrolysis}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1877-265X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12649-019-00859-8}, number={11}, journal={WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION}, author={Jung, Woochul and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Kolar, Praveen}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={5891–5900} }
 @article{jung_savithri_sharma-shivappa_kolar_2018, title={Changes in Lignin Chemistry of Switchgrass due to Delignification by Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1996-1073"]}, DOI={10.3390/en11020376}, abstractNote={Switchgrass was pretreated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at various concentrations and pretreatment times to investigate how delignification caused by NaOH affects its lignin chemistry. NaOH resulted in significant delignification ranging from 44.0 to 84.6% depending on pretreatment intensity. While there was no significant glucan loss due to NaOH pretreatment, higher NaOH concentrations removed xylan by up to 28.3%. Nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO) was used to study changes in lignin chemistry, and indicated that at higher NaOH concentrations, the amount of 4-hydroxygenzaldehyde (Hy) degraded from p -hydroxyphenyl propanol (H) lignin units was significantly reduced ( p 0.05) change with 15 min pretreatment, but it increased to 0.75 and 0.72, respectively, with 30 and 60 min pretreatments ( p 0.05) change S/G ratio, but H/G ratio (=0.48 raw switchgrass) decreased significantly to 0.14 regardless of pretreatment times. Overall, the H unit was found to be more susceptible to NaOH than S and G unit monolignols. Though changes in lignin chemistry due to NaOH concentration were observed, their impact on cellulolytic enzyme action during hydrolysis could not be fully understood. Further studies on lignin isolation may help to determine how these changes in lignin chemistry by NaOH impact cellulolytic enzymes.}, number={2}, journal={ENERGIES}, author={Jung, Woochul and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Kolar, Praveen}, year={2018}, month={Feb} }
 @article{xiang_sen_min_savithri_lu_jameel_chiang_chang_2017, title={Field-Grown Transgenic Hybrid Poplar with Modified Lignin Biosynthesis to Improve Enzymatic Saccharification Efficiency}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2168-0485"]}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02740}, abstractNote={Hybrid poplars (Populus nigra L. × Populus maximowiczii A.) were genetically modified through antisense insertion of the 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) gene. Compositional changes in response to this genetic change were measured in the field after 2 and 3 years of growth. The stem samples were treated with either green liquor or dilute acid pretreatments, representing alkaline and acid pretreatments. The enzymatic saccharification of the untreated and pretreated transgenic poplars were evaluated. After transgenic species were transplanted into the environment, they showed reduced recalcitrance to chemicals (i.e., pretreatments) and enzymes despite their lignin content and S/V ratio being comparable to those of the wild types. Compared to the field-grown poplars, the sugar yield increased up to 103% for untreated transgenic samples and increased 22% for acid- and green liquor-pretreated transgenic samples. This shows that field-grown transgenic hybrid poplars with modified lignin biosynthesis have imp...}, number={3}, journal={ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING}, author={Xiang, Zhouyang and Sen, Suman Kumar and Min, Douyong and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi and Lu, Fachuang and Jameel, Hasan and Chiang, Vincent and Chang, Hou-min}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={2407–2414} }
 @article{jiang_savithri_du_pawar_jameel_chang_zhou_2017, title={Fractionation and Characterization of Kraft Lignin by Sequential Precipitation with Various Organic Solvents}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2168-0485"]}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02174}, abstractNote={The value-added utilizations of technical lignin are restricted by its heterogeneous features, such as high polydispersity, complex functional group distribution, ununiformed reactivity, etc. Fractionation of lignin into more homogeneous parts represents a promising approach to overcome this challenge. In the present study, softwood kraft lignin was fractionated into four different portions (F1, F2, F3, and F4) by first dissolving it in a methanol–acetone mixture followed by sequential precipitation with various organic solvents (ethyl acetate, 1:1 ethyl acetate/petroleum ether, petroleum ether) of decreasing solubility parameters. The yields of various fractions F1, F2, F3, and F4 were 48%, 39%, 10%, and 3%, respectively. The results from gel permeation chromatography indicated that the molecular weights of each fraction decreased from F1 to F4. The lowest molecular weight fraction F4 contained mainly monomeric and dimeric aromatic structures such as guaiacol and vanillin formed from lignin degradation. ...}, number={1}, journal={ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING}, author={Jiang, Xiao and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi and Du, Xueyu and Pawar, Siddhesh and Jameel, Hasan and Chang, Hou-Min and Zhou, Xiaofan}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={835–842} }
 @article{xiang_sen_roy_min_savithri_jameel_chiang_chang_2015, title={Wood characteristics and enzymatic saccharification efficiency of field-grown transgenic black cottonwood with altered lignin content and structure}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-014-0541-7}, number={1}, journal={CELLULOSE}, author={Xiang, Zhouyang and Sen, Suman Kumar and Roy, Aparna and Min, Douyong and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi and Jameel, Hasan and Chiang, Vincent and Chang, Hou-min}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={683–693} }
 @article{mays_pourhossein_savithri_genzer_chiechi_dickey_2013, title={Thiol-containing polymeric embedding materials for nanoskiving}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2050-7534"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84879924924&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1039/c2tc00030j}, abstractNote={This paper describes the characterization of new embedding resins for nanoskiving (ultramicrotomy) that contain thiols. Nanoskiving is a technique to produce nanoscale structures using an ultramicrotome to section thin films of materials (e.g., gold) embedded in polymer. Epoxies are used typically as embedding resins for microtomy. Epoxies, however, do not adhere well to gold or other smooth metallic structures that are used commonly for nanoskiving. Thiol–ene and thiol–epoxy polymers provide improved adhesion to gold due to the thiol functional group. In addition, the thiol–ene polymers can be prepared within minutes using photopolymerization, which allows for rapid prototyping. Two commercial thiol-containing adhesives were evaluated as resins in addition to several formulations of commercially available monomers. The important physical and mechanical properties for microtomy of these unconventional embedding resins were characterized and the properties were compared to commercial epoxy resins. Gold nanowires were fabricated using nanoskiving of gold films embedded in these unconventional resins. These studies show that a 3 : 4 mixture of thiol (pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate)) and ene (triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione) works very well as a resin for nanoskiving and provides improved adhesion and reduced preparation time relative to epoxies.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Mays, Robin L. and Pourhossein, Parisa and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi and Genzer, Jan and Chiechi, Ryan C. and Dickey, Michael D.}, year={2013}, pages={121–130} }
 @article{ptaszek_yao_savithri_boyle_lindsey_2007, title={Synthesis and structural properties of porphyrin analogues of bacteriochlorophyll c}, volume={63}, ISSN={["0040-4020"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.023}, abstractNote={The self-assembling photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll c contains α-hydroxyethyl and keto groups on opposite sides of the macrocycle. A porphyrin has been synthesized that contains a 3-hydroxymethyl group and a 15-ethoxycarbonyl group (ZnP2-OH). X-ray analysis of ZnP2-OH and the related porphyrin containing 5-hydroxymethyl and 15-ethoxycarbonyl groups (ZnP1-OH) in each case revealed infinite coordination polymers wherein the zinc porphyrins are bound by Zn–O coordination and are cofacially offset in a staircase architecture.}, number={51}, journal={TETRAHEDRON}, author={Ptaszek, Marcin and Yao, Zhen and Savithri, Dhanalekshmi and Boyle, Paul D. and Lindsey, Jonathan S.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={12629–12638} }