@article{maheux_widman_hurst_craig_evans-paulson_choukas-bradley_2022, title={Behavioral Measures to Assess Adolescent Sexual Communication with Partners: A Scoping Review and Call for Further Studies}, volume={60}, ISSN={0022-4499 1559-8519}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2103072}, DOI={10.1080/00224499.2022.2103072}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Sexual communication with partners is important for adolescents’ sexual and socioemotional well-being. Behavioral assessments of partner sexual communication capture the complex and nuanced process of communication and are commonly used with adults, yet the existing literature among adolescents overwhelmingly relies on self-report measures. In the current paper, we reviewed the literature on adolescent partner sexual communication, identifying 14 studies including 2,043 participants (M age = 16) that used behavioral assessments (i.e., dyadic observations, role-plays with confederates, role-plays with vignettes). We also identify key gaps in the current literature: First, only one study recruited couples; studies that assessed dyadic interactions largely relied on confederates. Second, assessments often assumed that participants engaged in heterosexual sex, and no studies specifically recruited LGBTQ+ adolescents. Third, behavioral tasks often involved assumptions of participants’ sexual goals (e.g., desire to refuse sex) and focused almost exclusively on sexual refusal and condom negotiation. Additionally, coding schemes lacked standardization and micro-analytic strategies (e.g., coding change over time). Finally, observational methods have been almost exclusively used to assess intervention efficacy, rather than to understand associations between behaviorally-assessed communication skills and sexual outcomes or self-reported communication in basic research. We discuss recommendations for future research, including regular use of behavioral observation methods with diverse samples, to triangulate across multiple methodologies and identify correspondence between behavioral and self-report measures.}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Sex Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Maheux, Anne J. and Widman, Laura and Hurst, Jeffrey L. and Craig, Elizabeth and Evans-Paulson, Reina and Choukas-Bradley, Sophia}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={36–44} }
 @article{widman_maheux_craig_evans-paulson_choukas-bradley_2022, title={Sexual Communication between Adolescent Partners: A Scoping Review and Directions for Future Research}, volume={59}, ISSN={0022-4499 1559-8519}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2099787}, DOI={10.1080/00224499.2022.2099787}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Sexual communication between adolescent partners is an important component of sexual health and wellbeing. Over 40 years of research on adolescent sexual communication has yielded rich information, yet there remain gaps in our understanding of the communication process. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the body of research on adolescent sexual communication to identify how communication has been conceptualized, how researchers have measured communication, and what theoretical frameworks have been applied across the literature. We identified 198 assessments of sexual communication across 119 quantitative studies. This work included 127,489 adolescents (M age = 15.97) from 15 countries (81.5% U.S.-based). Most studies relied on self-reports (93.4%) and surveyed only one member of a couple (97.5%). The definition of sexual communication was highly varied across the literature: in half of assessments (52.0%) sexual communication was operationalized as a behavior–the verbal or nonverbal exchange of messages about sex–whereas the remaining half of assessments captured social-cognitive aspects of communication (e.g., communication self-efficacy, fear/anxiety). There was also a tendency for investigators to create their own idiosyncratic instruments: half of studies (48.9%) used instruments created by the research team with limited or no discussion of reliability/validity. Regarding the topic of communication, a third of assessments (33.8%) focused exclusively on condom communication and another quarter (24.0%) focused on other safer-sex issues (e.g., STDs, abstinence). Notably absent were studies focused on communication surrounding consent or sexual pleasure. Also absent was a guiding conceptual model or theory that could unify this body of work. Overall, results highlight gaps and inconsistencies in how partner sexual communication has been conceptualized, measured, and theorized about in previous work. We provide several recommendations for future theory-building efforts as well as rigorous, multimethod empirical investigations of adolescent sexual communication that would further our understanding of this important aspect of adolescent sexual wellbeing.}, number={8}, journal={The Journal of Sex Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Widman, Laura and Maheux, Anne J. and Craig, Elizabeth and Evans-Paulson, Reina and Choukas-Bradley, Sophia}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={984–999} }
 @article{nieforth_craig_behmer_wadsworth_marguerite e. o'haire_2021, title={PTSD service dogs foster resilience among veterans and military families}, ISSN={["1936-4733"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12144-021-01990-3}, journal={CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Nieforth, Leanne O. and Craig, Elizabeth A. and Behmer, Virginia A. and Wadsworth, Shelley MacDermid and Marguerite E. O'Haire}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{nieforth_craig_2021, title={Patient-Centered Communication (PCC) in Equine Assisted Mental Health}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1532-7027"]}, DOI={10.1080/10410236.2020.1785376}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Experiencing trauma can lead to a variety of chronic and acute symptoms, including post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and poor social skills. Given the variety of causes for trauma incorporating individualized treatment options is important for efficacy. Equine assisted mental health (EAMH) – a team approach incorporating equines, clients, and practitioners – has been successful in treating those who have experienced trauma, including veterans and individuals with PTSD, at-risk youth, victims of sexual violence, and children who have been neglected. Although researchers and practitioners understand some about how EAMH treatment results in positive outcomes for these individuals, little is known about the communicative processes that support them. The current study included 19 in-depth interviews with EAMH therapists and practitioners to explore the role of equine communication (i.e., congruence, ongoing positive regard, and empathy) as a communicative process that is integral to the facilitation of EAMH as individualized therapeutic treatment. Using tenets of patient-centered communication (PCC) and principles of client-centered therapy, implications for human-horse communication in therapeutic contexts and client-centered care are discussed.}, number={13}, journal={HEALTH COMMUNICATION}, author={Nieforth, Leanne O. and Craig, Elizabeth A.}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={1656–1665} }
 @article{craig_nieforth_rosenfeld_2020, title={Communicating Resilience among Adolescents with Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) through Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP)}, volume={84}, ISSN={1057-0314 1745-1027}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2020.1754451}, DOI={10.1080/10570314.2020.1754451}, abstractNote={This qualitative study explored communicative processes of resilience in Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) among young women with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Utilizing communicative resilience, findings suggest that adults, peers, and equines assist adolescents in (a) crafting normalcy, (b) building new communication networks, (c) legitimizing negative feelings while foregrounding positive action, (d) putting alternative logics to work through goal-oriented talk, and (e) cultivating identities of empowerment. Communication messages and processes in equine assisted therapy are considered, specifically, how relationship building with humans and equines fosters resilience among adolescents with ACEs.}, number={4}, journal={Western Journal of Communication}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Craig, Elizabeth A. and Nieforth, Leanne and Rosenfeld, Cynthia}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={400–418} }
 @article{craig_2020, title={Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy Among Adolescents with ACEs: Cultivating Altercentrism, Expressiveness, Communication Composure, and Interaction Management}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1573-2797"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10560-020-00694-0}, number={6}, journal={CHILD AND ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL}, author={Craig, Elizabeth A.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={643–656} }
 @article{compton_craig_2019, title={Family Communication Patterns, Inoculation Theory, and Adolescent Substance-Abuse Prevention: Harnessing Post-Inoculation Talk and Family Communication Environments to Spread Positive Influence}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1756-2589"]}, DOI={10.1111/jftr.12328}, abstractNote={Inoculation theory offers a robust way to combat substance abuse among children. The theory can guide a messaging strategy that prepares for challenges before they are fully experienced. We argue that inoculation as a messaging strategy could be made even more robust by harnessing family communication patterns and post‐inoculation talk to lead to more, and better, parent–child dialogue. We build on the literature on inoculation and family communication patterns to offer four propositions to guide future work in this area, including the efficacy of inoculating parents against tendencies to avoid conversations about substance abuse with their children and the likelihood of inoculation‐based messages leading to continuing talk in families.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF FAMILY THEORY & REVIEW}, author={Compton, Josh and Craig, Elizabeth A.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={277–288} }
 @article{bulla_craig_steelman_2017, title={Climate change and adaptive decision making: Responses from North Carolina coastal officials}, volume={135}, ISSN={["1873-524X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.10.017}, abstractNote={While climate change is a global phenomenon, adaptive action starts at the local level. Understanding how local decision makers make sense of climate change and the decision to adapt or not is imperative for advancing action on climate change. This article advances the scholarship on local decision making about adaptive action through a study of North Carolina (NC) coastal communities that face an assortment of threats from climate change. During March and April of 2014, 283 officials were surveyed across the 20 NC coastal counties to explore their willingness to take adaptive action (WTAA). The study utilized five risk scenarios to probe officials' knowledge about climate change, whether they perceived climate change as a threat to their community, and their political ideology. Findings indicated an officials' professed knowledge of climate change was not associated with WTAA. Officials who perceived climate change as a threat to their community were largely more WTAA. However, when the perceived threat was identified as uncertain, no significant relationships were identified. Findings for political ideology and WTAA indicated no significant differences under a low level of risk, yet under an average level of risk and an uncertain level of risk moderates were more WTAA than conservatives. Under higher than average and very high levels of risk moderates were more WTAA than both liberals and conservatives.}, journal={OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Bulla, Brian R. and Craig, Elizabeth A. and Steelman, Toddi A.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={25–33} }
 @article{craig_harvey-knowles_johnson_2012, title={Childless Stepmothers: Communicating with Other Stepmothers about Spouses and Stepchildren}, volume={13}, ISSN={1745-9435 1745-9443}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17459435.2012.722164}, DOI={10.1080/17459435.2012.722164}, abstractNote={With little known about the stepmother/father household, recent efforts have been made to explore the role of the childless stepmother within the stepfamily. The purpose of the project was to examine what childless stepmothers were discussing regarding their stepfamilies. An inductive approach was utilized for 35 discussion board postings in an online support group for childless stepmothers. Findings suggest that childless stepmothers discuss issues related to their relationship with the significant other. Additionally, stepmothers stress the importance of relationships with other stepmothers in coping with their role as stepmother. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={Qualitative Research Reports in Communication}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Craig, Elizabeth A. and Harvey-Knowles, Jacquelyn A. and Johnson, Amy Janan}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={71–79} }
 @article{craig_wright_2012, title={Computer-Mediated Relational Development and Maintenance on Facebook®}, volume={29}, ISSN={0882-4096 1746-4099}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2012.667777}, DOI={10.1080/08824096.2012.667777}, abstractNote={This study examines the use of Facebook® for developing and maintaining relationships among 283 college students. Based on theories of relational development and maintenance and research on perceptions of relational partners using computer-mediated communication, the researchers propose a model of relational development/maintenance for Facebook users, and empirically test it using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study focuses on the relationship among relational interdependence, commitment, and predictability. An SEM analysis revealed support for all paths of the model. Implications for computer-mediated relationship maintenance are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={Communication Research Reports}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Craig, Elizabeth and Wright, Kevin B.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={119–129} }
 @article{craig_johnson_2011, title={Role strain and online social support for childless stepmothers}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1460-3608"]}, DOI={10.1177/0265407510393055}, abstractNote={ Using Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) Transactional Theory of Stress, a content analysis of 62 message sets identified role strain and social supportive behaviors utilized within an online support group for childless stepmothers. The stepmothers focused on issues related to stepchild living arrangements and interference of the biological mother. Results revealed positive correlations between stepchild investment and biological mother interference, stepchild investment, informational support, stepmother frustration and esteem support. Study implications include understanding issues and relationships that impact stepmother role strain, identifying the stress reappraisal process within actual messages written online, and focusing on the use of online social support for relationship based issues. }, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS}, author={Craig, Elizabeth A. and Johnson, Amy J.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={868–887} }
 @article{pfau_banas_semmler_deatrick_lane_mason_craig_nisbett_underhill_2010, title={Role and Impact of Involvement and Enhanced Threat in Resistance}, volume={58}, ISSN={0146-3373 1746-4102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463370903520307}, DOI={10.1080/01463370903520307}, abstractNote={This study examined the relative impact of outcome-relevant (OR), value-relevant (VR), and impression-relevant (IR) involvement on resistance to influence and whether it is possible to enhance elicited threat levels and, if so, to what effect on resistance to counterattitudinal attacks. An experiment was conducted featuring 281 participants. Results indicated that both OR and VR involvement functioned similarly. They both bypassed threat and counterarguing, instead exerting direct impacts on elicited anger, attitude strength, and resistance. There were no statistically significant results for IR involvement. Results concerning standard and enhanced threat revealed that both manipulations functioned similarly: They enhanced elicited threat, boosted the number and strength of cognitive responses to counterarguments, increased elicited anger, enhanced attitude strength, and contributed to resistance. However, the only booster effect for enhanced threat involved greater attitude certainty.}, number={1}, journal={Communication Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Pfau, Michael and Banas, John and Semmler, Shane M. and Deatrick, Leslie and Lane, Lindsay and Mason, Alicia and Craig, Elizabeth and Nisbett, Gwen and Underhill, Jill}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={1–18} }
 @article{johnson_becker_craig_gilchrist_haigh_2009, title={Changes in Friendship Commitment: Comparing Geographically Close and Long-Distance Young-Adult Friendships}, volume={57}, ISSN={0146-3373 1746-4102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463370903313430}, DOI={10.1080/01463370903313430}, abstractNote={The existence of long-distance (LD) friendships throws into question assumptions that scholars of interpersonal communication often make about commitment to relationships, the development of relationships, and friendships. An analysis of turning points comparing commitment changes in young-adult geographically close and LD same-sex friendships revealed high and fluctuating levels of commitment over the history of the friendships for both types. Over 80% of those having LD friends reported their levels of commitment were currently increasing, rather than decreasing. Women were more likely than men to report nonlinear trajectories for their friendships, more downturns in commitment to their friendships, and more turning points related to changes in commitment to their friendships.}, number={4}, journal={Communication Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Johnson, Amy Janan and Becker, Jennifer A. H. and Craig, Elizabeth A. and Gilchrist, Eileen S. and Haigh, Michel M.}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={395–415} }
 @article{becker_johnson_craig_gilchrist_haigh_lane_2009, title={Friendships are flexible, not fragile: Turning points in geographically-close and long-distance friendships}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1460-3608"]}, DOI={10.1177/0265407509344310}, abstractNote={Prior research has characterized friendships, particularly long-distance friendships, as fragile. A turning point analysis compared changes in friendship levels for 100 college students in geographically-close (GC) and long-distance (LD) same-sex friendships. Results indicated that friendship level and commitment level are strongly and positively associated. Moreover, friendship level and proximity are interdependent with several categories of turning points. Finally, a linear sequence of shifts in friendship level is associated with both GC and LD friends, but a nonlinear sequence that includes a shift back to the casual friendship level with recovery is more typical for LD friends. Findings highlight transformation within friendships and suggest that it may be more accurate to conceptualize friendships as flexible rather than fragile.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS}, author={Becker, Jennifer A. H. and Johnson, Amy Janan and Craig, Elizabeth A. and Gilchrist, Eileen S. and Haigh, Michel M. and Lane, Lindsay T.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={347–369} }
 @article{pfau_semmler_deatrick_mason_nisbett_lane_craig_underhill_banas_2009, title={Nuances about the Role and Impact of Affect in Inoculation}, volume={76}, ISSN={0363-7751 1479-5787}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637750802378807}, DOI={10.1080/03637750802378807}, abstractNote={This study examined the role and impact of affect in resistance. A three-phase experiment was conducted. The results indicated that inoculation treatments conferred resistance and exerted nuanced outcomes involving cognitive and affective responses to counterarguments and affect. The investigation also compared the effectiveness of cognitive, affective-positive, and affective-negative treatments. The results revealed that affective-negative messages were superior in eliciting threat, issue involvement, and cognitive counterarguing output and in enhancing the cognitive content of associative networks.}, number={1}, journal={Communication Monographs}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Pfau, Michael and Semmler, Shane M. and Deatrick, Leslie and Mason, Alicia and Nisbett, Gwen and Lane, Lindsay and Craig, Elizabeth and Underhill, Jill and Banas, John}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={73–98} }
 @article{johnson_becker_wigley_haigh_craig_2007, title={Reported Argumentativeness and Verbal Aggressiveness Levels: The Influence of Type of Argument}, volume={58}, ISSN={1051-0974 1745-1035}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10510970701341154}, DOI={10.1080/10510970701341154}, abstractNote={Arguments in interpersonal relationships can be divided into two types: public issue arguments and personal issue arguments. This study examines the ability of type of argument, trait argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness, and gender to predict reported argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness levels related to a particular argument episode. Reported argumentativeness levels were higher in the public argument condition, and reported verbal aggressiveness levels were higher in the personal argument condition. Trait argumentativeness predicted reported argumentativeness levels better in the public argument condition than the personal argument condition, suggesting that type of argument may serve as a moderator for the relationship between trait argumentativeness levels and argument-specific argumentativeness levels. Implications for using these two scales to examine interpersonal argument are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={Communication Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Johnson, Amy Janan and Becker, Jennifer A. H. and Wigley, Shelley and Haigh, Michel M. and Craig, Elizabeth A.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={189–205} }
 @article{johnson_wittenberg_haigh_wigley_becker_brown_craig_2004, title={The process of relationship development and deterioration: Turning points in friendships that have terminated}, volume={52}, ISSN={0146-3373 1746-4102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463370409370178}, DOI={10.1080/01463370409370178}, abstractNote={This study examines friendships that have ended. Five recalled trajectories for dissolved friendships were found. Certain turning points were generally associated with increases in friendship closeness, while others were associated with decreases in closeness. In addition, gender differences were found for several of the turning points reported. Implications are discussed for interpersonal communication research based on a traditional linear conceptualization of relational development and deterioration.}, number={1}, journal={Communication Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Johnson, Amy Janan and Wittenberg, Elaine and Haigh, Michel and Wigley, Shelley and Becker, Jennifer and Brown, Ken and Craig, Elizabeth}, year={2004}, month={Jan}, pages={54–67} }