@article{multani_cohen_haas_borst_womble_musulin_2023, title={Pancreatic Torsion Resulting in Acute Pancreatic Necrosis in a Young Dog}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1547-3317"]}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7382}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Multani, Rajdeep and Cohen, Eli B. and Haas, Jason and Borst, Luke and Womble, Mandy and Musulin, Sarah}, year={2023}, pages={297–301} }
 @article{keeney_cohen_lewbart_ozawa_2023, title={ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF COELOMIC FLUID IN HEALTHY CORN SNAKES (PANTHEROPHIS GUTTATUS)}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2022-0102}, abstractNote={Abstract: Free coelomic fluid can be a physiologic or pathologic finding in snakes. In this study, ultrasonography was used to assess the presence, volume, and type of coelomic fluid in 18 (16 females, 2 males) clinically healthy corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) using a semiquantitative scoring system. Each snake was divided into five equal regions (R1–R5) by length (from rostrum to vent) and fluid volume was scored on a scale of 0 to 4. Coelomic fluid was sampled when possible and cytologic analysis was performed. The majority of snakes (16/18) were found to have some degree of free coelomic fluid. The coelomic fluid samples that were collected (n= 6) were classified as transudates, acellular or primarily lymphocytic. Fluid was most likely to be found in R3 compared with all other regions and least likely to be found in R1 compared with R2, R3, and R4. A higher score of volume was found in R3 compared with R1 and R5. This study describes the distribution and abundance of coelomic fluid in snakes, as well as a method for point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in this species.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Keeney, Caitlin M. Hepps and Cohen, Eli B. and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Ozawa, Sarah M.}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={65–72} }
 @article{macleod_reichle_szabo_cohen_artiles_fulkerson_kurihara_mattoon_2023, title={Ultrasonographic Appearance of Gallbladder Neoplasia in 14 Dogs and 1 Cat}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13227}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13227}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={MacLeod, Alexandra N. and Reichle, Jean K. and Szabo, David and Cohen, Eli B. and Artiles, Charles and Fulkerson, Caroline V and Kurihara, Manabu and Mattoon, John}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{seiler_cohen_d'anjou_french_gaschen_knapp_salwei_saunders_2022, title={ACVR and ECVDI Consensus Statement for the Standardization of the Abdominal Ultrasound Examination}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13151}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Cohen, Eli B. and D'anjou, Marc-Andre and French, John and Gaschen, Lorrie and Knapp, Stephanie and Salwei, Rochelle M. and Saunders, H. Mark}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{knutson_petritz_sadar_cohen_schachterle_chen_2022, title={Diagnosis and management of nasopharyngeal stenosis in four guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1931-6283"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2021.10.006}, DOI={10.1053/j.jepm.2021.10.006}, abstractNote={Respiratory disease is common in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). As obligate nasal breathers, disease of the upper airway can result in significant dyspnea. Nasopharyngeal stenosis is defined as a luminal narrowing of the nasopharynx, which extends from the choana to the caudal margin of the soft palate. This condition can be acquired or congenital and has been diagnosed in other species. However, nasopharyngeal stenosis has not been previously described in guinea pigs. Four guinea pigs were presented with chronic, recurrent upper respiratory signs including stertor, oculonasal discharge, tachypnea, and dyspnea. All four animals had signs suggestive of upper respiratory tract disease on examination. Nasopharyngeal stenosis was identified at the rostral aspect of the nasopharynx at the level of the choana via computed tomography (CT) in all cases. Otitis media was also present in three of the four cases. Antibiotic therapy was instituted for all animals. Two of the four guinea pigs were treated with prednisolone and two were treated with meloxicam to control associated inflammation. One animal died 2 months after diagnosis due to complications from severe otitis media. One individual was euthanized due to progressive disease after a year and a half of treatment. One guinea pig was lost to follow up after 6 months. The remaining guinea pig was alive at the time this case series was written (11 months after initial diagnosis) but continues to have signs of upper airway disease. Nasopharyngeal stenosis is an important differential diagnosis for persistent upper respiratory signs in guinea pigs. CT was diagnostic in all cases, identifying nasopharyngeal stenosis at the level of the choana, and allowed identification of comorbidities (otitis media and rhinitis). Medical management resulted in survival times from 2 months to a year and a half following diagnosis. Further investigation into minimally invasive interventions such as balloon dilation and stent placement are warranted for future cases.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Knutson, Kyra A. and Petritz, Olivia A. and Sadar, Miranda J. and Cohen, Eli B. and Schachterle, Karen and Chen, Sue}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={21–28} }
 @article{slead_gremillion_cohen_tolbert_2022, title={Esophageal varices in dogs: A retrospective case series}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16355}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Slead, Tanner S. and Gremillion, Christine L. and Cohen, Eli B. and Tolbert, M. Katherine}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @misc{cohen_gordon_2022, title={First, do no harm. Ethical and legal issues of artificial intelligence and machine learning in veterinary radiology and radiation oncology}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13171}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13171}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Cohen, Eli B. and Gordon, Ira K.}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={840–850} }
 @article{lehman_cohen_ozawa_hepps keeney_sommer_2022, title={Imaging Diagnosis: Thoracic radiographic features of toxoplasmosis in a 14-month-old Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus)}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13155}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13155}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, author={Lehman, K. and Cohen, E. and Ozawa, S. and Hepps Keeney, C. and Sommer, S.}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={E26–E30} }
 @article{bini_cohen_chiavaccini_messenger_bailey_2022, title={Intravenous dexmedetomidine, morphine, or a combination can result in gallbladder wall thickening; with no significant association with plasma histamine concentrations}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13056}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13056}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Bini, Gianluca and Cohen, Eli B. and Chiavaccini, Ludovica and Messenger, Kristen M. and Bailey, Kate M.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{meyers_diener_cohen_2022, title={What Is Your Diagnosis?}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.20.11.0632}, abstractNote={HistoryA 6-year-old 16.8-kg spayed female Golden Retriever–Poodle cross was initially seen 5.5 months prior to the time of imaging for excessive licking at the left paw and was treated empirically for allergies and a lick granuloma. The patient was seen again 1 month prior to time of imaging, for a toe-touching, left thoracic limb lameness, and continued licking of the left front paw. On physical examination at that visit, fluctuant swelling was identified on the dorsal aspect of the left metacarpus, which was draining clear serous fluid at the distal margin of the swelling. Strict cage rest for 2}, number={12}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Meyers, Rachel C. and Diener, Michelle K. and Cohen, Eli B.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={1452–1454} }
 @article{houck_cohen_harms_runde_rudershausen_buckel_2021, title={Computed Tomographic Assessment of Hooking‐Related Injuries in Recreationally Angled Blue Marlin}, volume={34}, ISSN={0899-7659 1548-8667}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aah.10145}, DOI={10.1002/aah.10145}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Aquatic Animal Health}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Houck, Emma L. and Cohen, Eli B. and Harms, Craig A. and Runde, Brendan J. and Rudershausen, Paul J. and Buckel, Jeffrey A.}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={20–27} }
 @article{cotter_zwicker_waldner_randall_gagnon_wiebe_cohen_hespel_swarte_mayer_2021, title={Inter- and intraobserver agreement for CT measurement of mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes is excellent in dogs with histologically confirmed oral melanoma}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13029}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Cotter, Brad and Zwicker, Lesley A. and Waldner, Cheryl and Randall, Elissa and Gagnon, Jerome and Wiebe, Sheldon and Cohen, Eli B. and Hespel, Adrien-Maxence and Swarte, Marie and Mayer, Monique N.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{laifer_cohen_rushing_hopkins_meeks_2021, title={Multimodal Imaging Characteristics of a Migrating Oropharyngeal-Spinal Foreign Body in a Cat}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1547-3317"]}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7161}, abstractNote={A 2.5 yr old female spayed domestic shorthair presented for acute tetraparesis, dull mentation, and fever. MRI and computed tomography identified a thin linear foreign body extending from the caudal nasopharynx through the atlanto-occipital joint and cervicomedullary junction. Signal changes within the musculature were consistent with myositis, edema, and abscessation. Inflammation and edema surrounded the foreign body, and a dorsal cervical myelopathy extended caudally to the level of C6. Computed tomography attenuation values of the foreign body were most consistent with plant material. Euthanasia was performed; postmortem dissection of the soft palate confirmed a plant stem with abscess.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Laifer, Jeffrey and Cohen, Eli B. and Rushing, Robert and Hopkins, Andrew and Meeks, John}, year={2021}, pages={149–152} }
 @article{gremillion_cohen_vaden_seiler_2021, title={Optimization of ultrasonographic ureteral jet detection and normal ureteral jet morphology in dogs}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13000}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Gremillion, Christine and Cohen, Eli B. and Vaden, Shelly and Seiler, Gabriela}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_villegas_gioso_baroni_unruh_cohen_reiter_2021, title={Radiographic Assessment of the Feline Temporomandibular Joint with Oblique Projections: A Preliminary Ex Vivo Study}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2470-4083"]}, DOI={10.1177/08987564211066571}, abstractNote={ Radiographic assessment of the temporomandibular joint in the domestic cat using conventional radiographic views can be challenging due to superimposition of overlying structures and the complex anatomy of the skull. The use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cone beam computed tomography to assess the temporomandibular joint in the cat has increased, but these modalities are not always available in general veterinary practices. Conventional radiography is still commonly used for first line assessment of the temporomandibular joint. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine optimal angle of obliquity of lateroventral-laterodorsal and laterorostral-laterocaudal (nose up lateral oblique) oblique radiographic views in the assessment of the temporomandibular joints in five feline mesaticephalic dry skulls. Visibility of the mandibular head, mandibular fossa, retroarticular process, and temporomandibular joint space were evaluated and scored by two veterinary radiologists. The results of this study identified that the dependent temporomandibular joint anatomy was best seen on the latero-10°-ventral-laterodorsal, latero-15°-ventral-laterodorsal, and latero-20°-ventral-laterodorsal, oblique views, and opposite lateral oblique views at these angulations may be helpful in characterization of this anatomy in clinical patients. The results also indicate that the laterorostral-laterocaudal (nose up lateral oblique) oblique view did not allow adequate discrimination of all TMJ anatomy at any angle, and is not recommended. }, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DENTISTRY}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. and Villegas, Cristian M. and Gioso, Marco A. and Baroni, Carina Outi and Unruh, Silvana M. and Cohen, Eli B. and Reiter, Alexander M.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{tucker_archibald_cohen_sommer_keene_minter_delk_2021, title={What Is Your Diagnosis?}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/21-00060}, abstractNote={A captive 38-year-old female Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) presented with an approximately 4-day history of being listless and moving slowly behind the flock. The flamingo had been housed at the North Carolina Zoo (Asheboro, NC, USA) for the previous 28 years. This bird’s medical history included mild intermittent lameness associated with pododermatitis and a cloacal papilloma diagnosed via biopsy 9 years earlier. The flamingo habitat at the North Carolina Zoo covers approximately 12.23 15.2 m with a 3.2 3 5.6-m indoor holding area. The mixed sex (9:8 ratio) flock of 17 flamingoes are fed a diet consisting of Mazuri Flamingo Complete pellets (Mazuri Exotic Animal Nutrition, St Louis, MO, USA). On presentation, the flamingo weighed 1.85 kg (historical weight 2–2.4 kg), with a body condition score (BCS) of 1.5/5. Tachycardia was auscultated and later confirmed by electrocardiogram (ECG) to be a ventricular tachycardia of approximately 400 beats per minute (Fig 1). Complete blood count revealed a monocytosis (31%; reference range, 0.0%–7.8%) with a total white blood cell count of 22 610 cells/lL (reference range, 2900– 20 000 cells/lL). An echocardiogram (SonoSite M-Turbo, Bothell, WA, USA) performed with a C11X (8–5-MHz transducer) semilinear probe revealed severe dilation of the left ventricle and decreased cardiac systolic function (fractional shortening 18.3% compared with 81.5% in an ageand sex-matched clinically normal flamingo) (Fig 2A through D). Comparison ECG and echocardiographic findings were obtained on a sex-matched 32-year-old female Chilean flamingo from the same flock. This apparently healthy younger bird had a heart rate of 200 beats per minute with sinus rhythm, more robust systolic left ventricular function, and no cardiac chamber dilation. Further diagnostic imaging and medical management of the cardiac abnormalities were discussed.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Tucker, Samuel and Archibald, Kate and Cohen, Eli B. and Sommer, Samantha and Keene, Bruce W. and Minter, Larry J. and Delk, Katie W.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={486–493} }
 @article{granick_lynch_cohen_2020, title={Extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction secondary to a diaphragmatic rent in a dog}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2052-6121"]}, DOI={10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001060}, abstractNote={A 13‐month‐old intact female Akita was referred to a specialty hospital with suspected pancreatitis. Radiographs at the time of presentation showed atypical positioning of the pylorus and proximal descending duodenum, spleen and right kidney. Abdominal ultrasound showed features suggestive of a diaphragmatic rent with pyloric entrapment, resulting in pyloric and extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Subsequent exploratory coeliotomy identified a right dorsolateral diaphragmatic rent with pyloric, proximal duodenal, right pancreatic and associated omental entrapment. A diaphragmatic herniorraphy was performed resulting in complete clinical resolution.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS}, author={Granick, Martin and Lynch, Alex Michael and Cohen, Eli}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{houck_cohen_womble_lewbart_petritz_2019, title={Radiographic anatomy and barium sulfate contrast study of the gastrointestinal tract of eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12792}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12792}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Houck, Emma L. and Cohen, Eli B. and Womble, Mandy and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Petritz, Olivia A.}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={473–484} }
 @article{robertson_brandao_blas-machado_cohen_mayer_2019, title={SPONTANEOUS PANCREATIC ISLET CELL ADENOMA WITH PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN A PET RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1931-6283"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2018.10.003}, DOI={10.1053/j.jepm.2018.10.003}, abstractNote={Abstract A pancreatic islet cell adenoma was suspected in a 2.5-year-old pet rat that was presented for lethargy and progressive paraparesis. Hypoglycemia was confirmed using a handheld glucometer. Mild improvement was noted after initial corticosteroid treatment. No evidence of a pituitary mass was identified on magnetic resonance imaging. Although a slight treatment response was observed following drug administration the patient's clinical condition deteriorated to the point that the owners elected to have the rat euthanized. Histopathologically, an islet cell adenoma was identified within the pancreas, along with peripheral neuropathy and muscle atrophy, which were consistent with clinical findings. Immunohistochemical staining of neoplastic cells was positive for insulin. Pancreatic islet cell adenomas are not commonly reported, and their clinical prevalence in pet rats is undetermined. The current report describes a case of pancreatic islet cell adenoma in a rat with concurrent peripheral neuropathy secondary to hypoglycemia.}, number={C}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Robertson, Jessica and Brandao, Joao and Blas-Machado, Uriel and Cohen, Eli and Mayer, Joerg}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={166–172} }
 @article{marin_savage_adley_cohen_2019, title={What Is Your Diagnosis?}, volume={254}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.254.1.61}, number={1}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Marin, Jennifer K. and Savage, Mason Y. and Adley, Brandon D. and Cohen, Eli B.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={61–64} }
 @article{lewbart_cohen_hirschfeld_pablo munoz-perez_garcia_fu_chen_lohmann_2018, title={Field-Based Radiographic Imaging of Marine Megafauna: Marine Iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) as a Case Study}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2296-7745"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85042092997&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3389/fmars.2018.00040}, abstractNote={Effective conservation of marine megafauna requires a thorough understanding of the ecology, physiology, population dynamics, and health of vulnerable species. Assessing the health of large, mobile marine animals poses particular challenges, in part because the subjects are difficult to capture and restrain, and in part because standard laboratory and diagnostic tools are difficult to apply in a field setting. Radiography is a critically important diagnostic tool used routinely by veterinarians, but it has seldom been possible to image live marine vertebrates in the field. As a first step toward assessing the feasibility of incorporating radiography into studies of vulnerable species in remote locations, we used portable radiographic equipment to acquire the first digital internal images of living marine iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, an iconic lizard endemic only to the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador. The radiographic machinery was powered by batteries and performed well on a rocky beach environment of an uninhabited island, despite high heat and humidity. The accuracy of radiographic measurements was validated by computing a snout-vent length (SVL) using bone dimensions and comparing this to standard measurements of SVL made externally with a tape measure. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using radiography to study animals in remote sites, a technique that may prove useful for a variety of physiological, ecological, and biomechanical studies in which reliable measurements of skeletal and soft-tissue dimensions must be acquired under challenging field conditions. Refinements are discussed that will help the technology reach its full potential in field studies.}, number={FEB}, journal={FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE}, author={Lewbart, Gregory A. and Cohen, Eli B. and Hirschfeld, Maximilian and Pablo Munoz-Perez, Juan and Garcia, Juan and Fu, Andy and Chen, Emile P. and Lohmann, Kenneth J.}, year={2018}, month={Feb} }
 @article{balko_gatson_cohen_griffith_harms_bailey_2018, title={INHALANT ANESTHETIC RECOVERY FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR EPINEPHRINE IN THE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLE (CARETTA CARETTA)}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1638/2017-0182.1}, DOI={10.1638/2017-0182.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Prolonged anesthetic recovery time is a common complication of chelonian inhalant anesthesia and may be exacerbated by right-to-left intracardiac shunting of blood. Epinephrine may decrease intracardiac shunting, which may shorten anesthetic recovery time. The study objective was to assess inhalant anesthetic recovery time following intramuscular epinephrine compared with saline in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). With the use of a prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design with a 1-wk washout period, six turtles were anesthetized with intravenous (IV) alfaxalone 3 mg/kg, orotracheally intubated, manually ventilated with 3.5% isoflurane inhalant in 100% oxygen for 90 min, and administered either intramuscular (IM) epinephrine 0.1 mg/kg or IM saline 0.1 ml/kg. Isoflurane administration was immediately discontinued and turtles were manually ventilated with room air until extubation. Physiologic variables, sedation scores, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and isoflurane (ETISO) concentrations, time to first movement, and time to extubation were recorded and two-time-point venous blood gas analyses performed. Data were compared with the use of paired t-tests and repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) (P < 0.05). No morbidity, mortality, or adverse events occurred. ETCO2 and ETISO did not significantly change over time during the isoflurane delivery period (P = 0.990). Mean time to first movement was significantly faster following epinephrine (69.24 ± 12.28 min) compared with saline (87.71 ± 27.05 min, P = 0.047). Although differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.133), time to extubation was at least 30 min faster (31–123 min) in 4/6 turtles following epinephrine compared with saline. Intramuscular epinephrine significantly reduces time to first movement during isoflurane anesthetic recovery in loggerhead sea turtles.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Balko, Julie A. and Gatson, Bonnie J. and Cohen, Eli B. and Griffith, Emily H. and Harms, Craig A. and Bailey, Kate M.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={680–688} }
 @misc{cohen_shive_borst_almeida_2018, title={Lameness in a 3-year-old backyard chicken Response}, volume={252}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Cohen, E. B. and Shive, H. R. and Borst, L. B. and Almeida, S. M. B.}, year={2018}, pages={648–648} }
 @article{gremillion_savage_cohen_2018, title={Radiographic findings and clinical factors in dogs with surgically confirmed or presumed colonic torsion}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85040863270&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12595}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Gremillion, Christine L. and Savage, Mason and Cohen, Eli B.}, year={2018}, pages={272–278} }
 @article{padalkar_savage_cohen_2018, title={SMALL INTESTINAL INTRAMURAL HEMATOMA SECONDARY TO A MIGRATING WIRE FOREIGN BODY IN A DOG}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85013660530&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12485}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Padalkar, Mukul and Savage, Mason and Cohen, Eli B.}, year={2018}, pages={E61–E65} }
 @article{cohen_shivedvm_borstdvm_bessauer almeida_2018, title={The authors respond}, volume={252}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85042947153&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Cohen, E.B. and Shivedvm, H.R. and Borstdvm, L.B. and Bessauer Almeida, S.M.}, year={2018}, pages={648} }
 @article{appleby_roode_cohen_2018, title={What Is Your Diagnosis?}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/2017-278}, DOI={10.1647/2017-278}, abstractNote={A 3-year-old female chicken presented for a 3week history of progressive coelomic distention. Over the 36 hours prior to presentation, the patient was lethargic, showed progressive weakness, and had a decreased appetite. The patient had last laid an egg 2 months prior to presentation, and was otherwise healthy with no previous health concerns. On presentation, the patient was quiet, alert, and responsive, with a decreased body condition score (keel score 2/5) and was 5% dehydrated based on decreased skin turgor. The patient’s respiratory rate and effort increased with the stress of handling, but heart rate was low-normal. The skin at the caudal aspect of the keel had hyperkeratinization. The coelom was severely distended and firm on palpation, with a large region of patchy feather loss and erythema caudoventrally. Surrounding the vent extending to the ventral coelom, fetid-smelling, white to yellow cloacal discharge and staining were present. The feather quality was poor with broken primary feathers on both wings and tattered feathers over the remainder of the body. Physical examination findings were consistent with coelomic effusion. The skin lesions were suspected to be secondary to mechanical injury from the degree of coelomic distention resulting in sagging against the ground; trauma from conspecifics was also considered. Based on physical examination findings and clinical history, a coelomic ultrasound was performed (Fig 1).}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Appleby, Ryan B. and Roode, Sarah C. and Cohen, Eli B.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={351–355} }
 @article{almeida_shive_harvey_borst_cohen_2018, title={What is your diagnosis?}, volume={252}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85040519711&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.252.2.173}, abstractNote={On clinical examination, the dog was bright, alert and responsive with a body weight of 17.2kg and a body condition score of 5/9. The mucous membranes were pink and moist, with a capillary refill time of one second. The heart rate was 140 beats/min but the dog was quite nervous. The dog was panting but no adventitious lung sounds were auscultated. A clear abdominal fluid thrill was detected but there were no other specific finding on palpation. The rectal temperature was normal at 38.9°C.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Almeida, S.M. Bessauer and Shive, H.R. and Harvey, J.B. and Borst, Luke and Cohen, Eli}, year={2018}, pages={173–175} }
 @article{fuerst_reichle_szabo_cohen_biller_goggin_griffin_aarsvold_emerson_2017, title={COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN 24 DOGS WITH LIPOSARCOMA}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84991594374&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12436}, abstractNote={Computed tomography (CT) continues to become more widely available for assessment of tumors in dogs, yet there are no studies describing the CT appearance of canine liposarcomas. In this retrospective, multicenter study, CT images of dogs with histologically confirmed liposarcomas were reviewed for size, location, attenuation, contrast enhancement, border definition, internal homogeneity, local infiltration, and mineralization. A total of 24 dogs with 26 liposarcomas were sampled. Mean attenuation was +15.2 (SD = 22.3) Hounsfield units (HU) with a range of –36 to +47.5 HU based on representative regions of interest. Twenty tumors (77%) contained focal areas of fat attenuation. All masses enhanced with contrast medium administration, which is distinct from what has been reported previously in infiltrative lipomas. Other CT features associated with canine liposarcomas included heterogeneous internal attenuation (81%) and lack of a clearly defined capsule (38%) suggesting infiltration of local structures. Six tumors (23%) had foci of mineralization. Findings from the current study indicated that liposarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for mixed‐attenuation, contrast‐enhancing masses in dogs that contain at least one focus of fat attenuation on precontrast images; however, presence of foci of fat attenuation was not a necessary finding for the diagnosis of canine liposarcoma.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Fuerst, Jason A. and Reichle, Jean K. and Szabo, David and Cohen, Eli B. and Biller, David S. and Goggin, Justin M. and Griffin, John F. and Aarsvold, Stacie and Emerson, Susan E.}, year={2017}, pages={23–28} }
 @article{paradise_mathews_cohen_2017, title={IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-USE OF RADIOGRAPHY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, AND ENDOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION BY AN EXTRA-LUMINAL TRACHEAL RING PROSTHESIS IN A GOLDEN RETRIEVER}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979243547&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12400}, abstractNote={A 6‐year‐old neutered male, Golden retriever presented with regurgitation and excitement‐induced coughing. Two years prior, extra‐thoracic tracheal collapse was diagnosed and extra‐luminal tracheal ring prostheses were placed. Radiographs at presentation showed mineralized and undulant cervical tracheal cartilages. A dorsally broad‐based soft tissue opacity bulged into the caudal cervical tracheal lumen. Esophageal dysmotility and barium accumulation were identified at this level on contrast esophography. Computed tomography showed migration of a prosthetic tracheal ring, resulting in perforation of the esophagus. Hair, foreign material, and dynamic tracheal narrowing were identified on esophagoscopy and tracheoscopy, respectively. Esophagostomy and foreign body removal were performed.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Paradise, Hayley and Mathews, Kyle G. and Cohen, Eli B.}, year={2017}, pages={E37–E41} }
 @article{dejesus_cohen_galban_suran_2017, title={MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF INTRAVENTRICULAR EPENDYMOMAS IN Five CATS}, volume={58}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85007392192&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12464}, abstractNote={Intraventricular ependymoma is a rare type of feline intracranial neoplasia and published information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics is currently lacking. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to describe the clinical and MRI characteristics of histopathologically confirmed intraventricular ependymomas in a group of cats. Five cats met inclusion criteria. In relation to normal gray matter, ependymomas appeared hyperintense on T2W, T2W‐FLAIR, PD, and DW‐EPI images; isointense on ADC images; and had subtle to strong contrast enhancement. Some variability was seen on T2*GRE and on T1W images with masses being isointense to hyperintense. Four ependymomas were small and homogeneous, and one was centrally cavitated. All cats had obstructive hydrocephalus, transtentorial herniation, and foramen magnum herniation. Perilesional edema was identified in most cats but was questionable in one. Intraventricular ependymoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for cats with this combination of MRI signs.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, author={DeJesus, A. and Cohen, E.B. and Galban, E. and Suran, J.N.}, year={2017}, pages={326–333} }
 @article{adamovicz_kennedy-stoskopf_talley_cullen_cohen_bizikova_grunkemeyer_2017, title={MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE INFECTION CAUSING A RETROPERITONEAL MASS IN A BINTURONG (ARCTICTIS BINTURONG)}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85026496685&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/2016-0117r.1}, abstractNote={Abstract A 19-yr-old castrated male binturong (Arctictis binturong) with a history of recurrent pyogranulomatous panniculitis, lymphangitis, and dermatitis was presented for evaluation of hyporexia and tenesmus. A large caudal abdominal mass was palpated on physical examination. On ultrasound, the mass encircled and obstructed the left ureter, resulting in hydroureter and hydronephrosis. The animal was euthanized, and necropsy revealed a large retroperitoneal pyogranuloma with acid-fast organisms identified in both the mass and the perineal skin. The acid-fast organisms within the retroperitoneal mass were identified as Mycobacterium intracellulare by PCR. This case represents an unusual presentation of M. intracellulare in a novel species.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Adamovicz, Laura and Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne and Talley, Ashley and Cullen, John M. and Cohen, Eli B. and Bizikova, Petra and Grunkemeyer, Vanessa}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={544–548} }
 @article{lewis_cohen_olby_2017, title={Magnetic resonance imaging features of dogs with incomplete recovery after acute, severe spinal cord injury}, volume={56}, ISSN={1362-4393 1476-5624}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41393-017-0004-8}, DOI={10.1038/s41393-017-0004-8}, abstractNote={Retrospective case series. Describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of dogs chronically impaired after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) and investigate associations between imaging variables and residual motor function. United States of America. Thoracolumbar MRI from dogs with incomplete recovery months to years after clinically complete (paralysis with loss of pain perception) thoracolumbar SCI were reviewed. Lesion features were described and quantified. Gait was quantified using an ordinal, open field scale (OFS). Associations between imaging features and gait scores, duration of injury (DOI), or SCI treatment were determined. Thirty-five dogs were included. Median OFS was 2 (0–6), median DOI was 13 months (3–83), and intervertebral disk herniation was the most common diagnosis (n = 27). Myelomalacia was the most common qualitative feature followed by cystic change; syringomyelia and fibrosis were uncommon. Lesion length corrected to L2 length (LL:L2) was variable (median LL:L2 = 3.5 (1.34–11.54)). Twenty-nine dogs had 100% maximum cross-sectional spinal cord compromise (MSCC) at the lesion epicenter and the length of 100% compromised area varied widely (median length 100% MSCC:L2 = 1.29 (0.39–7.64)). Length 100% MSCC:L2 was associated with OFS (p = 0.012). OFS was not associated with any qualitative features. DOI or treatment type were not associated with imaging features or lesion quantification. Lesion characteristics on MRI in dogs with incomplete recovery after severe SCI were established. Length of 100% MSCC was associated with hind limb motor function. Findings demonstrate a spectrum of injury severity on MRI among severely affected dogs, which is related to functional status.}, number={2}, journal={Spinal Cord}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Lewis, Melissa J. and Cohen, Eli B. and Olby, Natasha J.}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={133–141} }
 @article{johnson_simone_cullen_talley_cohen_2017, title={Radiographic features of congenital segmental dilation of the intestine in a german shepherd dog}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85037666628&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12581}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, author={Johnson, L. and Simone, K. and Cullen, J. and Talley, A. and Cohen, E.B.}, year={2017} }
 @article{wightman_hill_cohen_bridges_bolwell_french_adler_green_2016, title={An imaging investigation of in situ uroliths in hospitalized cats in New Zealand and in the United States}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2053-1095"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85050481624&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/vms3.41}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE}, author={Wightman, Paul F. and Hill, Kate E. and Cohen, Eli B. and Bridges, Janis and Bolwell, Charlotte F. and French, John and Adler, Brian A. and Green, Ron}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={255–265} }
 @article{hsuan_tulley_cohen_2016, title={What is your diagnosis? Computed tomography in the diagnosis of left abomasal displacement and ulceration with abomasal-subcutaneous fistula in a calf}, volume={248}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84964826471&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.248.10.1117}, number={10}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Hsuan, L.Y. and Tulley, W. and Cohen, E.B.}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={1117–1119} }
 @article{blume_worth_hartman_cohen_bridges_2015, title={Accuracy of determination of the cranial sacral lamina on radiographs.}, volume={56}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, author={Blume, L.M. and Worth, A.J. and Hartman, A.C. and Cohen, E.B. and Bridges, J.P.}, year={2015} }
 @article{blume_worth_cohen_bridges_hartman_2015, title={Accuracy of radiographic detection of the cranial margin of the dorsal lamina of the canine sacrum}, volume={56}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955202519&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12282}, abstractNote={An elongated sacral lamina has been described as one of the contributing factors for dogs with cauda equina syndrome due to degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS); however, published evidence is lacking on the accuracy of radiographic screening for the presence of this lesion. Objectives of this prospective, cross‐sectional cadaver study were to describe the accuracy and repeatability of detection of the cranial sacral lamina margin on plain lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral junction in dogs. Twenty‐five medium and large breed canine cadavers were radiographed before and after placement of a radiopaque hook in the cranial margin of the sacral lamina. Three independent evaluators placed digital markers at the perceived margin on preinterventional radiographs. The distance from perceived location to the true location on postinterventional radiographs was recorded for each dog and observer. A discordance threshold (distance between perceived and actual margin) of 1.5 mm was subjectively defined as clinically relevant. The three evaluators demonstrated good repeatability, although the accuracy for margin detection was only fair (mean discordance 1.7 mm). Evaluators demonstrated greater accuracy in identifying the landmark in juveniles (1.4 mm) vs. adults (1.8 mm; P < 0.01). Results of this study indicated that observer repeatability is good and accuracy is fair for correctly identifying the radiographic cranial margin of the sacral lamina in dogs. This should be taken into consideration when interpreting elongation of the sacral lamina in radiographs of dogs with suspected DLSS, especially adults.}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, author={Blume, L.M. and Worth, A.J. and Cohen, E.B. and Bridges, J.P. and Hartman, A.C.}, year={2015}, pages={579–588} }
 @article{cohen_sharma_smith_holladay_holmes_2015, title={Clinically silent calvarial defects in a dog secondary to failure of endochondral and intramembranous ossification.}, volume={1}, number={1}, journal={Jacobs Journal of Anatomy}, author={Cohen, E.B. and Sharma, A. and Smith, B. and Holladay, S. and Holmes, S.P.}, year={2015} }
 @article{mejia-fava_mayer_divers_cohen_schmiedt_holmes_2015, title={Focused assessment with sonography as an aid for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforation in a bobcat (felis rufus)}, volume={46}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949760510&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/2013-0116.1}, abstractNote={Abstract:  A 10-yr-old female spayed bobcat (Felis rufus) presented with a 3-day history of lethargy, anorexia, and two episodes of vomiting. An emergency field visit was scheduled to perform abdominal radiography and ultrasonography. The bobcat was assessed to be approximately 5–10% dehydrated, on the basis of decreased skin turgor and tacky mucous membranes. Free peritoneal gas, reduced abdominal serosal detail, and an abnormal-appearing right-sided intestinal segment were identified in the abdominal radiographs. However, the emergency field clinicians were not knowledgeable of these abnormalities, because the radiographs could not be processed in the field. During an initial complete abdominal ultrasound evaluation, a nondependent hyperechoic interface with reverberation artifact suggestive of intestinal or free gas and focal intestinal changes indicative of marked enteritis or peritonitis were identified. Free peritoneal fluid was not present on initial examination. In a focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) scan, made after subcutaneous fluid administration, a small volume of anechoic free fluid was present in the peritoneal space. With ultrasound guidance, the fluid was aspirated and appeared grossly turbid. This fluid was subsequently confirmed as septic suppurative effusion, secondary to a foreign body-associated intestinal perforation. The use of a FAST scan is well described in human medicine, and to a limited degree in veterinary literature. This case represents a novel application of FAST scanning in an emergency field setting in a nontraumatized patient. This case report illustrates the utility of the FAST scan in yielding critical clinical information after fluid resuscitation in a zoological setting.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Mejia-Fava, J. and Mayer, J. and Divers, S.J. and Cohen, E.B. and Schmiedt, C. and Holmes, S.P.}, year={2015}, pages={921–924} }
 @article{gjeltema_maclean_cohen_de voe_2015, title={Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in two red Wolf (Canis rufus) pups}, volume={2015}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85048326607&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1155/2015/970742}, abstractNote={A 6-month-old red wolf (Canis rufus) pup presented for evaluation of progressive thoracic and pelvic limb lameness, joint swelling, and decreased body condition. Radiographic evaluation revealed medullary sclerosis centered at the metaphyses of multiple long bones, well-defined irregular periosteal proliferation, and ill-defined lucent zones paralleling the physes, consistent with hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD). Biopsies of affected bone revealed medullary fibrosis and new bone formation. The pup improved following treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, opioids, and supportive care over the course of 4 weeks. Metaphyseal periosteal bone proliferation persisted until the animal was humanely euthanized several years later for poor quality of life associated with bilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture. A second red wolf pup of 4.5 months of age presented for evaluation of lethargy, kyphotic posture, and swollen carpal and tarsal joints. Radiographs revealed bilateral medullary sclerosis and smooth periosteal reaction affecting multiple long bones, suggestive of HOD. Further diagnostics were not pursued in this case to confirm the diagnosis, and the clinical signs persisted for 4 weeks. In light of these two case reports, HOD should be recognized as a developmental orthopedic disease in growing red wolves.}, journal={Case Report in Veterinary Medicine}, author={Gjeltema, J.L. and MacLean, R.A. and Cohen, E.B. and De Voe, R.S.}, year={2015} }
 @article{wightman_cohen_hunter_gartrell_2015, title={Imaging diagnosis-use of radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of a mineralized yolk sac in a brown kiwi (apteryx mantelli)}, volume={56}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84936190242&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12208}, abstractNote={A 12‐day‐old Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) was presented with anorexia, torticollis, head‐tilt, and coelomic distension. Radiographs showed an ill‐defined, fat‐opaque, coelomic mass displacing viscera craniodorsally. Curvilinear mineral opacities were superimposed over the ventral aspect of the mass. Computed tomography demonstrated the presence of mineral within the periphery of a fat attenuating mass consistent with a retained yolk sac. A deutectomy (yolk sac excision) was performed. Histopathology of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a retained yolk sac with multifocal mineralization.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound}, author={Wightman, P. and Cohen, E.B. and Hunter, S. and Gartrell, B.}, year={2015}, pages={E40–E43} }
 @article{monk_cohen_hart_kent_jimenez_credille_2014, title={What is your diagnosis? Cervical malformation in a goat.}, volume={245}, url={https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.245.7.757}, DOI={10.2460/javma.245.7.757}, number={7}, journal={Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Monk, C.S. and Cohen, E.B. and Hart, K.A. and Kent, M. and Jimenez, D. and Credille, B.C.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={757–759} }
 @article{credille_tennent-brown_cato_cohen_manickam_howerth_jiménez_2013, title={What is your diagnosis?}, volume={242}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84876569341&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.242.9.1219}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Credille, B.C. and Tennent-Brown, B.S. and Cato, S. and Cohen, E.B. and Manickam, B. and Howerth, E.W. and Jiménez, D.A.}, year={2013}, pages={1219–1220} }
 @article{credille_tennent-brown_cato_cohen_manickam_howerth_jimenez_2013, title={What is your diagnosis? Sinonasal cyst in a goat.}, volume={242}, number={9}, journal={Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Credille, B.C. and Tennent-Brown, B.S. and Cato, S. and Cohen, E.B. and Manickam, B. and Howerth, E.W. and Jimenez, D.A.}, year={2013} }
 @article{brandão_manickam_blas-machado_cohen_mejia-fava_divers_mayer_2012, title={Productive thyroid follicular carcinoma in a wild barred owl (Strix varia)}, volume={24}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84868013101&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/1040638712463562}, abstractNote={ An adult male barred owl ( Strix varia) was found unable to fly on a pasture during the day. On presentation, several lacerations were noted on the left wing. The animal was anesthetized for radiographic examination, which revealed mild swelling and irregularity of the soft tissues of the left wing. Over the plane of the syrinx and great vessels, ill-defined soft tissue opacity was present. The anesthetic recovery was unsuccessful, and the patient died. On gross necropsy, a 1 cm in diameter, round, soft, red-tan nodule, with scattered light tan to white foci was noticed between the right subclavian artery and the syrinx. The histopathology of this structure was characteristic of a thyroid follicular carcinoma. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to thyroglobulin and pancytokeratin proteins. A blood sample, taken antemortem, was analyzed for total and free thyroxine. Due to the lack of reference intervals for the current species, 4 blood samples from other barred owls were taken, 2 of which were clinically normal and 2 with an unhealthy status. The thyroid values were higher than the controls (total thyroxine by radioimmunoassay [µg/dl] 1.1 vs. <0.2, <0.2, 0.6, <0.2; free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis [ng/dl] >10 vs. <0.3, <0.3, 2.1, <0.3). Although the other 4 birds are not intended to serve as a reference interval because of the low number and unhealthy status, findings are indicative of a productive thyroid follicular carcinoma. }, number={6}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation}, author={Brandão, J. and Manickam, B. and Blas-Machado, U. and Cohen, E. and Mejia-Fava, J. and Divers, S. and Mayer, J.}, year={2012}, pages={1145–1150} }
 @article{kent_holmes_cohen_sakals_roach_platt_schatzberg_howerth_2010, title={CT myelography in a dog with intramedullary intervertebral disc herniation}, volume={52}, ISSN={1058-8183}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01755.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01755.x}, abstractNote={A 5‐year‐old Chihuahua was examined for peracute pain and paraparesis. Neuroanatomic localization was consistent with a symmetric T3‐L3 myelopathy. Computed tomography (CT) of the T9‐L5 vertebrae was normal. Myelography disclosed attenuation of the subarachnoid space from T11 to L1, consistent with spinal cord swelling. CT following the myelogram disclosed a focal area of intramedullary iodinated contrast medium at T13‐L1. At surgery, intervertebral disc material was removed from the spinal cord. Based on the findings in this patient, intramedullary disc herniation should be considered a cause for focal intramedullary contrast medium accumulation.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kent, Marc and Holmes, Shannon and Cohen, Eli and Sakals, Sharise and Roach, Wesley and Platt, Simon and Schatzberg, Scott and Howerth, Elizabeth}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={185–187} }