@inbook{zijlstra_beltranena_wang_2024, place={Cambridge}, title={Developing alternative sources of feed for pigs: an overview}, booktitle={Advances in Pig Nutrition}, publisher={Burleigh Doods Science Publishing}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E. and Wang, L.F.}, editor={Wiseman), JulianEditor}, year={2024} }
 @article{sanchez-zannatta_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2024, title={Effect of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility of lentil-based diets containing either supplemental plant or animal protein fed to growing pigs}, volume={2}, ISSN={2573-2102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae017}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txae017}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Translational Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Sanchez-Zannatta, Joaquin and Wang, Li Fang and Beltranena, Eduardo and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2023, title={168 Bentley Lecture: Feeding Co-Products to Pigs to Reach Sustainable Food Production and Reduce Feed Cost}, volume={101}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.216}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad341.216}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zijlstra, Ruurd T and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={195–196} }
 @article{van straten_shoveller_wang_beltranena_vasanthan_zijlstra_2023, title={191 Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Fecal Metabolites, and Feces Quality of Pulse-Based Vegan Dog Foods with Or Without Added Enzymes in Adult Dogs and Comparison to Digestibility from a Pig Model}, volume={101}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.126}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.126}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Van Straten, W P G and Shoveller, Anna Kate K and Wang, L F and Beltranena, E and Vasanthan, T and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={104–105} }
 @inproceedings{straten_shoveller_wang_beltranena_vasanthan_zijlstra_2023, title={Apparent total tract digestibility, fecal metabolites, and feces quality of pulse-based dog foods with or without added enzymes in adult dogs and comparison to digestibility from a pig model}, booktitle={ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS Annual Meeting}, author={Straten, W.P.G. and Shoveller, A.K. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Vasanthan, T. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2023} }
 @article{sanchez-zannatta_wang_beltranena_beattie_newkirk_zijlstra_2023, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed barley differing in fermentable starch and fibre profile}, volume={295}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115550}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115550}, abstractNote={Barley grain containing both fermentable starch and fibre might be attractive as energy source in weaned pig diets because of benefits on gut health. Rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and slowly fermentable fibre may decrease diarrhoea in weaned pigs serving as prebiotics. Steam explosion processing may disrupt the fibre matrix of cereal hulls, increasing slowly fermentable fibre of barley grain. Five diets were formulated to provide 10.0 and 9.6 MJ net energy (NE)/kg, 1.32 and 1.22 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE for phase 1 (day 0–14) and phase 2 (day 14–28), respectively. Diets contained 593–644 g cereal grain/kg: 1) low-fermentable hulled barley (LFB); 2) LFB steam-exploded (LFB-SE; 1.2 MPa, 120 s); 3) high-β-glucan (70 g/kg) hull-less barley (HFBB); 4) high amylose (168 g/kg) hull-less barley (HFAB); or 5) low-fermentable wheat (LFW). A total of 220 pigs in 11 blocks of 5 pens each were fed 1 of 5 diets starting 1-week post-weaning for 28 days. For phase 1, the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) of diets was greatest (P < 0.05) for LFW, intermediate for HFBB, followed by LFB-SE, LFB and lowest for HFAB. The calculated NE value was greatest (P < 0.05) for LFW, intermediate for LFB-SE, and lowest for HFBB, LFB and HFAB. For phase 2, the CATTD of GE was greater (P < 0.05) for LFW and HFBB than LFB, LFB-SE and HFAB; the CATTD of CP was greatest (P < 0.05) for LFW, intermediate for HFBB, followed by LFB, HFAB, and lowest for LFB-SE; calculated NE value was greatest (P < 0.05) for HFBB and LFW, intermediate for LFB and HFAB, and lowest for LFB-SE. For the entire trial (day 0–28), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs did not differ among diets, but gain-to-feed (ADG/ADFI) was lowest (P < 0.05) for the LFB-SE diet. For day 21–28, pigs fed LFB-SE diet had greater (P < 0.01) ADFI than pigs fed HFAB diet, whereas pigs fed LFW, LFB and HFBB were intermediate. Faeces consistency of pigs did not differ between LFB and LFW diets, but pigs fed LFB diet had firmer (P < 0.05) faeces than pigs fed HFBB, HFAB and LFB-SE diets. To conclude, the wheat diet had greater GE and CP digestibility than barley diets. Among barley diets, the HFBB had greater GE and CP digestibility than both LFB and LFB-SE; the HFAB diet ranked lowest. However, feeding barley to replace wheat grain in nursery diets formulated to equal NE value and SID amino acid content did not affect growth performance. Finally, dietary fermentable carbohydrates in barley made faeces less firm. Steam explosion of hulled barley grain did not increase GE or CP digestibility.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sanchez-Zannatta, J. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Beattie, A.D. and Newkirk, R.N. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={115550} }
 @article{heyer_wang_beltranena_rodehutscord_zijlstra_2023, title={Effect of increasing dietary fermentable fiber on diet nutrient digestibility and estimation of endogenous phosphorus losses in growing pigs}, volume={101}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad204}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad204}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Heyer, Charlotte M E and Wang, Li Fang and Beltranena, Eduardo and Rodehutscord, Markus and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{nyende_wang_zijlstra_beltranena_2023, title={Energy, protein, and amino acid digestibility of mid- and zero-tannin faba bean differing in vicine and covicine content fed to growing pigs}, volume={295}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115521}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115521}, abstractNote={Novel faba bean cultivars vary in nutrient content, digestibility and antinutritional factors that must be characterized to realize predictable growth performance in growing pigs. Therefore, four diets including 950 g faba bean/kg of either one of two zero-tannin cultivars (Snowbird, Snowdrop; both with vicine and covicine) or one of two mid-tannin cultivars (Fabelle, low vicine and covicine; Florent, high vicine and covicine) were fed to eight ileal-cannulated barrows (37.5 kg) for four 9-day periods to establish energy and nutrient digestibility. A nitrogen-free diet was fed to correct for basal endogenous losses of protein and amino acids. Mid-tannin cultivars had double the tannin content of zero-tannin cultivars (14.0 vs. 6.9 g/kg as is). Fabelle had the least vicine (0.6 g/kg) and covicine (0.4 g/kg) whereas zero-tannin cultivars contained the most vicine (6.8 g/kg) and covicine (3.4 g/kg). Starch ranged from 329 to 356 g/kg in faba bean cultivars. Resistant starch ranged from 124 to 150 g/kg. Crude protein (CP) ranged from 247 to 293 g/kg. Total dietary fibre ranged from 157 to 163 g/kg and was 96 % insoluble. The coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy were greatest (P < 0.05) for Snowbird and Snowdrop, intermediate for Fabelle and lowest for Florent. The coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility of starch was greater (P < 0.05) for zero- than mid-tannin cultivars. Diet and cultivar digestible energy values were greatest (P < 0.05) for Snowbird, intermediate for Fabelle and lowest for Florent; Snowdrop was not different from the latter two. Diet and cultivar net energy values were greater (P < 0.05) for Snowbird but not different among Snowdrop, Fabelle or Florent. The coefficients of standardised ileal digestibility (CSID) of CP, lysine, threonine, and methionine were generally greater (P < 0.05) for Snowbird, Snowdrop or Fabelle than Florent. The CSID of tryptophan was greater (P < 0.05) for Fabelle than Snowbird, Snowdrop or Florent. In conclusion, Florent with mid-tannin and vicine and covicine content, had lower energy, protein and amino acid digestibility than zero-tannin cultivars. Fabelle with mid-tannin but least vicine and convicine content, was intermediate in energy but not different in protein or amino acid digestibility than zero-tannin cultivars. Cultivar variation in content of macronutrients including total and resistant starch, protein and dietary fibre contributed to differences in energy, protein and amino acid digestibility that should be considered in diet formulation.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nyende, Protus W. and Wang, Li Fang and Zijlstra, Ruurd T. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={115521} }
 @article{sanchez-zannatta_le thanh_wang_beltranena_newkirk_zijlstra_2023, title={Ileal nutrient and energy digestibility of steam-exploded canola meal in cannulated grower pigs and total tract nutrient digestibility and growth performance of diets containing steam-exploded canola meal in weaned pigs}, volume={295}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115518}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115518}, abstractNote={Canola meal is a relatively highly fibrous protein meal that could benefit from further processing to disrupt its fibre matrix, reduce anti-nutritional factors and increase nutrient availability. Two studies were conducted to determine effects of steam-explosion on digestibility of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in solvent-extracted Brassica napus canola meal in grower pigs and diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs. Canola meal was steam-exploded at either 0.7 MPa (CM7) or 1.1 MPa (CM11) for 5 min. In study 1, 8 ileal-cannulated barrows (29 kg mean initial body weight) were fed 3 corn starch-based diets including 400 g non-steam-exploded canola meal (CM0), CM7 or CM11/kg and a N-free diet in a replicated 4 × 3 Youden square. The canola meal sample contained 361 g CP/kg and 17.2 g chemically available lysine/kg that was reduced to 14.1 g/kg in CM7 and 14.6 g/kg in CM11. Steam-explosion of canola meal at 0.7 MPa decreased (P < 0.05) the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of dry matter (DM) and GE. Steam-explosion decreased (P < 0.05) the coefficient of standardised ileal digestibility (CSID) of CP and AA in canola meal except for tryptophan, proline and tyrosine. In study 2, four wheat-based diets were formulated to include 200 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), CM0, CM7 or CM11 and to provide 9.6 MJ net energy/kg and 12 g standardised ileal digestible lysine/kg. In total, 256 weaned pigs (10 kg mean initial body weight) were fed the diets for 4 weeks starting 2 weeks post-weaning. The CM0, CM7, and CM11 diets had lower (P < 0.05) coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of DM, CP and GE than the SBM diet. Steam-explosion of canola meal reduced (P < 0.05) dietary CATTD of CP. For the 28-day nursery trial, average daily feed intake (ADFI) of pigs fed the CM0 diet was lower (P < 0.05) than of pigs fed the SBM diet. Steam-explosion of canola meal increased (P < 0.05) ADFI. Average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among pigs fed the 4 diets. Finally, gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the 3 canola meal diets than the SBM diet. In conclusion, steam-explosion reduced ileal digestibility of CP, most indispensable AA and GE of canola meal in grower pigs. Dietary inclusion of 200 g canola meal/kg supplemented with crystalline amino acids and canola oil to replace dehulled soybean meal reduced ADFI, but not ADG, and thus increased G:F in weaned pigs. Steam-explosion of canola meal reduced dietary CATTD of CP and increased ADFI, but not ADG or G:F of weaned pigs.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sanchez-Zannatta, J. and Le Thanh, B.V. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Newkirk, R.W. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={115518} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2023, title={Ingredient fractionation for monogastric animal nutrition: the worth of sum of parts versus the whole}, volume={304}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115737}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115737}, abstractNote={Basic agricultural commodities such as cereal grains, pulses and oilseeds can be fractionated into separate products that can be targeted to high value markets within or outside the feed industry. Resulting nutrient-dense fractions that are enriched in starch, protein, fat, or fibre can then be targeted to animals with different nutritional demands. These value-added nutrient fractions might be targeted at the start of fractionating the commodities or result from human food or biofuel production. Fractions enriched in fibre might be targeted to the feed, paper, or wood industries. Two categories of processes can fractionate cereals, pulses, or oilseeds: (1) an up-front process that produces solely or mostly high value ingredient fractions, or (2) a process that separates one fraction for a high-value market. Examples of category 1 include air classification and sieving. Examples of category 2 include bioethanol production from cereal grains and oil extraction from soybean and canola seed. The resulting non-human edible co-products can be fed to livestock. Dry separation is useful to produce protein-rich fractions from pulse grains. Advantages of dry over wet fractionation are continuous flow rather than batch fractionation, absence of effluents and no drying cost. However, wet fractionation creates more concentrated fractions (isolates) of the nutrient of interest, e.g., protein. Category 1 and 2 processes can occur in tandem. For example, oil can be first extracted from soybeans, resulting in soy oil and soybean meal. Subsequently, soybean meal can be fractionated into protein concentrates or isolates with greater protein content than soybean meal. Fractionation usually has at least one main fraction with a target market in food or industry processes yielding products for human use. This approach is logical, because the feed industry is focussed mostly on small margins and large volumes, whereas higher margins per unit of product can be achieved in markets for food, petfood and feed for fish or animals with high nutritional demands. Animal agriculture remains an ideal approach to convert by-products from ingredient fractionation into high value animal protein. The economic implications of value-added processing are thus important, and sustainable animal agriculture plays a key role turning waste streams into a success story. Although ingredients can be fractionated successfully for animal nutrition, especially for higher margin markets such as aquaculture, petfood or animals with high nutritional demands, most ingredients are fractionated for the human food supply or industrial processes. Using the latter approach with at least one high value fraction targeted to human food or industry and then using non-human edible fractions for feed applications, will ensure that the sum of the parts can be worth more than the whole.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zijlstra, Ruurd T. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={115737} }
 @article{zijlstra_tan_beltranena_nyachoti_2022, title={168 Evaluation and Improvement of the Nutritional Value of Cereal and Pulse Grains for Swine}, volume={100}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.148}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skac247.148}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zijlstra, Ruurd T and Tan, Felina and Beltranena, Eduardo and Nyachoti, Martin}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={75–76} }
 @article{beltranena_zijlstra_2022, title={Alternative ingredients and their feeding in swine and poultry production}, volume={30}, ISSN={2075-8359 1022-1301}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.53588/alpa.300508}, DOI={10.53588/alpa.300508}, abstractNote={With the increase in global human population, people living longer, and relocating from the countryside to urban centres, it is expected that the demand for animal food products will increase. Animal production competes with humans for basic grains. However, humans only consume ~30% of crops directly, therefore animal production is mostly complementary. This overview with a Canadian perspective provides a superficial look at on how we use non-food cereals, oilseeds, pulses and their coproducts and fractions to sustainably convert them into edible protein for human nutrition reducing waste streams. Feeding low-grade grains and coproducts may indeed increase the environmental footprint of animal agriculture. Nonetheless, it is undeniable the role ruminant and monogastric animals play in converting inedible plant material and coproducts into wholesome meat, milk, and eggs. Finding what to feed that is locally grown or sourced, even thought it may be of limited quality and(or) availability, seems a daunting challenge despite that it reduces feed cost and supports the local economy. We should evaluate diets more based on what non-human edible coproducts are included that could become meat, milk, and eggs for human nutrition rather than placing great emphasis on animal performance parameters. Fear of antinutritional factors and mycotoxins on animal performance limits our feed cost advantage. Increased feed and food safety risk is indeed part of getting more out of compromised feedstuffs to reduce waste. Policy changes are required to embrace a circular bioeconomy that would contribute to prevent climate crisis.}, number={Supl. 1}, journal={Proceedings XXXII Reunión Internacional de Producción de Carne y Leche en Climas Cálidos}, publisher={Asociacion Latinoamericana de Produccion Animal}, author={Beltranena, Eduardo and Zijlstra, Ruurd}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={81–94} }
 @article{nyende_wang_zijlstra_beltranena_2022, title={Effect of feeding mid- or zero-tannin faba bean cultivars differing in vicine and covicine content on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs}, volume={6}, ISSN={2573-2102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txac049}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txac049}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Translational Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Nyende, Protus W and Wang, Li Fang and Zijlstra, Ruurd T and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2022, title={Feeding coproducts to pigs to reduce feed cost and reach sustainable food production}, volume={12}, ISSN={2160-6056 2160-6064}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac067}, DOI={10.1093/af/vfac067}, abstractNote={https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac067 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com © Zijlstra, Beltranena Featured Article Feeding coproducts to pigs to reduce feed cost and reach sustainable food production}, number={6}, journal={Animal Frontiers}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zijlstra, Ruurd T and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={18–22} }
 @misc{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2022, title={Pulse Grains and Their Coproducts in Swine Diets}, ISBN={9781119583899 9781119583998}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119583998.ch13}, DOI={10.1002/9781119583998.ch13}, abstractNote={Chapter 13 Pulse Grains and Their Coproducts in Swine Diets Li Fang Wang, Li Fang WangSearch for more papers by this authorEduardo Beltranena, Eduardo BeltranenaSearch for more papers by this authorRuurd T. Zijlstra, Ruurd T. ZijlstraSearch for more papers by this author Li Fang Wang, Li Fang WangSearch for more papers by this authorEduardo Beltranena, Eduardo BeltranenaSearch for more papers by this authorRuurd T. Zijlstra, Ruurd T. ZijlstraSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Lee I. Chiba, Lee I. Chiba Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119583998.ch13 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Summary Pulse grains are important starch and protein sources for humans, especially in developing countries. Cool season and tropical legume seeds are valuable sources of protein and energy in swine diets. The mix of pulses with rapeseed cake rich in sulfur amino acids can fully replace soybean meal (SBM) in growing pig and sow diets and partially replace SBM in piglet diets. Pulse grains contain two to three times more protein than cereals, but are low in fat and high in starch, except for lupin with little starch but more fat and protein. Young pigs fed diets containing field pea, faba bean, lupin, and chickpea can display systemic antibody responses to specific dietary proteins. Pulse grains contain varying quantities of antinutritional factors (ANF). Pulse protein concentrates are attractive nutritionally for substituting specialty protein sources in young pigs. The use of nonstarch polysaccharide degrading enzymes may increase nutrient digestibility of fiber-rich ingredients. References Abd El-Hady , E. A. , and R. A. Habiba . 2003 . Efffect of soaking and extrusion conditions on antinutrients and protein digestibility of legume seeds . LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 36 : 285 – 293 . Abreu , J. F. , and A. M. Bruno-Soares . 1998 . Chemical composition, organic matter digestibility and gas production of nine legume grains . Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 70 : 49 – 57 . Adamidou , S. , I. Nengas , K. Grigorakis , D. Nikolopoulou , K. Jauncey . 2011 . Chemical composition and antinutritional factors of field peas ( Pisum sativum ), chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum ), and faba beans ( Vicia faba ) as affected by extrusion preconditioning and drying temperatures . Cereal Chem. 88 : 80 – 86 . Aguilera , J.F. , E. Molina , and C. Prieto . 1985 . Digestibility and energy value of sweet lupin seed ( Lupinus albus var Multolupa) in pigs . Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 12 : 171 – 178 . Alonso , R. , A. Aguirre , and F. Marzo . 2000 . Effects of extrusion and traditional processing methods on antinutrients and in vitro digestibility of protein and starch in faba and kidney beans . Food Chem. 68 : 159 – 165 . Alonso , R. , E. Orue , and F. Marzo . 1998 . Effects of extrusion and conventional processing methods on protein and antinutritional factor contents in pea seeds . Food Chem. 63 : 505 – 512 . Ambigaipalan , P. , R. Hoover , E. Donner , and G. Liu . 2014 . Starch chain interactions within the amorphous and crystalline domains of pulse starches during heat-moisture treatment at different temperatures and their impact on physicochemical properties . Food Chem. 143 : 175 – 184 . Arbid , M. S. S. , and R. R. Marquardt . 1985 . Hydrolysis of the toxic constituents (vicine and convicine) in fababean (Vicia faba L.) food preparations following treatment with β-glucosidase . J. Sci. Food Agric. 36 : 839 – 846 . Arnoldi , A. , G. Boschin , C. Zanoni , and C. Lammi . 2015 . The health benefits of sweet lupin seed flours and isolated proteins . J. Funct. Foods 18 : 550 – 563 . Attia , R. S. , A. M. E. Shehata , M. E. Aman , and M. A. Hamza . 1994 . Effect of cooking and decortication on the physical properties, the chemical composition and the nutritive value of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L) . Food Chem. 50 : 125 – 131 . Aumiller , T. , R. Mosenthin , and E. Weiss . 2015 . Potential of cereal grains and grain legumes in modulating pigs' intestinal microbiota - A review . Livest. Sci. 172 : 16 – 32 . Bach Knudsen , K. E. 1997 . Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding . Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67 : 319 – 338 . Bampidis , V. A. , and V. Christodoulou . 2011 . Chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum L.) in animal nutrition: A review . Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 168 : 1 – 20 . Batterham , E. S. , and L. M. Andersen . 1994 . Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs - isoleucine . Br. J. Nutr. 71 : 531 – 541 . Batterham , E. S. , L. M. Andersen , B. V. Burnham , and G. A. Taylor . 1986a . Effect of heat on the nutritional value of lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius ) seed meal for growing pigs . Br. J. Nutr. 55 : 169 – 177 . Batterham , E. S. , L. M. Andersen , R. F. Lowe , and R. E. Darnell . 1986b . Nutritional-value of lupin ( Lupinus albus ) seed meal for growing pigs - availability of lysine, effect of autoclaving and net energy content . Br. J. Nutr. 56 : 645 – 659 . Batterham , E. S. , R. D. Murison , ad L. M. Andersen . 1984 . Availability of lysine in vegetable protein concentrates as determined by the slope-ratio assay with growing pigs and rats and by chemical techniques . Br. J. Nutr. 51 : 85 – 99 . Batterham , E. S. , H. S. Saini , L. M. Andersen , and R. D. Baigent . 1993 . Tolerance of growing pigs to trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum ) and pigeonpeas ( Cajanus cajan ) . J. Sci. Food Agric. 61 : 211 – 216 . Becker , P. M. , J. van der Meulen , A. J. M. Jansman , and P. G. van Wikselaar . 2012 . In vitro inhibition of ETEC K88 adhesion by pea hulls and of LT enterotoxin binding by faba bean hulls . J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 96 : 1121 – 1126 . Bell , J. M. , and A. G. Wilson . 1970 . An evaluation of field peas as a protein and energy source for swine rations . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 50 : 15 – 23 . Beltranena , E. , S. Hooda , and R. T. Zijlstra . 2009 . Zero-tannin faba bean as a replacement for soybean meal in diets for starter pigs . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89 : 489 – 492 . Bergthaller , W. , B. H. Dijkink , H.C. Langelaan , and J. M. Vereijken . 2001 . Protein from pea mutants as a co-product in starch separation - isolates from wet and dry separation: Yield, composition and solubility . Nahrung 45 : 390 – 392 . Berrios , J. D. 2012 . Extrusion processing of main commercial legume pulses . In: M. Maskan , and A. Altan , editor, Advances in food extrusion technology . CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group , Boca Raton, FL . p. 209 – 236 . Berrios , J. D. , P. Morales , M. Camara , and M. C. Sanchez-Mata . 2010 . Carbohydrate composition of raw and extruded pulse flours . Food Res. Int. 43 : 531 – 536 . Black , R. G. , J. B. Brouwer , C. Meares , and L. Iyer . 1998 . Variation in physico-chemical properties of field peas ( Pisum sativum ) . Food Res. Int. 31 : 81 – 86 . Bramsnaes , F. , and H. S. Olsen . 1979 . Development of field pea and faba bean proteins . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56 : 450 – 454 . Brand , T. S. , D. A. Brandt , and C. W. Cruywagen . 2004 . Chemical composition, true metabolisable energy content and amino acid availability of grain legumes for poultry . S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 34 : 116 – 122 . Brand , T.S. , D. A. Brandt , J. P. van der Merwe , and C. W. Cruywagen . 2000 . Field peas ( Pisum sativum ) as protein source in diets of growing-finishing pigs . J. Appl. Anim. Res. 18 : 159 – 164 . Brooks , K. R. , B. R. Wiegand , A. L. Meteer , G. I. Petersen , J. D. Spencer , J. R. Winter , J. A. Robb . 2009 . Inclusion of yellow field peas and carbohydrase enzyme in nursery pig diets to improve growth performance . Prof. Anim. Sci. 25 : 17 – 25 . Bugnacka , D. , and J. Falkowski . 2001 . The effect of dietary levels of yellow lupin seeds ( Lupinus luteus L.) on feed preferences and growth performance of young pigs . J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10 : 133 – 142 . Canibe , N. , and K. E. Bach Knudsen . 2002 . Degradation and physicochemical changes of barley and pea fibre along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs . J. Sci. Food Agric. 82 : 27 – 39 . Cansfield , P. E. , R. R. Marquardt , and L. D. Campbell . 1980 . Condensed proanthocyanidins of fababeans . J. Sci. Food Agric. 31 : 802 – 812 . Carew , R. , W. J. Florkowski , and Y. Zhang . 2013 . Review: Industry levy-funded pulse crop research in Canada: Evidence from the prairie provinces . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93 : 1017 – 1028 . Castell , A. G. 1976 . Comparison of faba beans ( Vicia faba ) with soybean meal or field peas ( Pisum sativum ) as protein supplements in barley diets for growing-finishing pigs . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 56 : 425 – 432 . Chavan , J. K. , S. S. Kadam , and D. K. Salunkhe . 1986 . Biochemistry and technology of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) seeds . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 25 : 107 – 158 . Chen , H. , X. Mao , J. He , B. Yu , Z. Huang , J. Yu , P. Zheng , and D. Chen . 2013 . Dietary fibre affects intestinal mucosal barrier function and regulates intestinal bacteria in weaning piglets . Br. J. Nutr. 110 : 1837 – 1848 . Chilomer , K. , M. Kasprowicz-Potocka , P. Gulewicz , and A. Frankiewicz . 2013 . The influence of lupin seed germination on the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in pigs . J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 97 : 639 – 646 . Cho , M. , M. N. Smit , L. He , F. C. Kopmels , and E. Beltranena . 2019 . Effect of feeding zero- or high-tannin faba bean cultivars and dehulling on growth performance, carcass traits and yield of saleable cuts of broiler chickens . J. Appl. Poultry Res. 28 : 1305 – 1323 . Christodoulou , V. , J. Ambrosladis , E. Sossidou , V. Bampidis , J. Arkoudilos , B. Hucko , and C. Iliadis . 2006a . Effect of replacing soybean meal by extruded chickpeas in the diets of growing-finishing pigs on meat quality . Meat Sci. 73 : 529 – 535 . Christodoulou , V. , V. A. Bampidis , E. Sossidou , J. Ambrosiadis , B. Hucko , C. Iliadis , and A. Kodes . 2006b . The use of extruded chlickpeas in diets for growing-finishing pigs . Czech J. Anim. Sci. 51 : 334 – 342 . Chung , H. , Q. Liu , R. Hoover , T. D. Warkentin , and B. Vandenberg . 2008 . In vitro starch digestibility, expected glycemic index, and thermal and pasting properties of flours from pea, lentil and chickpea cultivars . Food Chem. 111 : 316 – 321 . Clemente , A. , E. Jimenez , M. C. Marin-Manzano , and L. A. Rubio . 2008 . Active Bowman-Birk inhibitors survive gastrointestinal digestion at the terminal ileum of pigs fed chickpea-based diets . J. Sci. Food Agric. 88 : 513 – 521 . Clemente , A. , R. Sanchez-Vioque , J. Vioque , J. Bautista , and F. Millan . 1998 . Effect of cooking on protein quality of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) seeds . Food Chem. 62 : 1 – 6 . CVB . 1993 . Net Energy of Feedstuffs for Swine . CVB Report No. 7. Centraal Veevoeder Bureau [Central Feedstuff Bureau], Lelystad, The Netherlands . de Lange , C. F. M. 2000 . Overview of determinants of the nutritional value of feed ingredients . In: P.J. Moughan , M.W.A. Verstegen , and M.I. Visser-Reyneveld , editors, Feed evaluation: Principles and practice . CABI , Wallingford, UK . p. 17 – 32 . Degola , L. , and D. Jonkus . 2018 . The influence of dietary inclusion of peas, faba bean and lupin as a replacement for soybean meal on pig performance and carcass traits . Agron. Res. 16 : 389 – 397 . Donovan , B. C. , M. A. McNiven , T. A. van Lunen , D. M. Anderson , and J. A. Macleod . 1993}, journal={Sustainable Swine Nutrition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wang, Li Fang and Beltranena, Eduardo and Zijlstra, Ruurd T.}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={343–373} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2021, title={262 Fiber and Co-product Utilization in Pigs}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.170}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab054.170}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zijlstra, R T T and Beltranena, E}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={105–105} }
 @article{smit_zhou_landero_young_beltranena_2021, title={Dietary energy level, feeder space, and group size on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing barrows and gilts}, volume={5}, ISSN={2573-2102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab122}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txab122}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Translational Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Smit, Miranda N and Zhou, Xun and Landero, José L and Young, Malachy G and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{heyer_wang_beltranena_gänzle_zijlstra_2021, title={Effect of feeding acidified or fermented barley using <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> with or without supplemental phytase on diet nutrient digestibility in growing pigs}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab165}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab165}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Heyer, Charlotte M E and Wang, Li F and Beltranena, Eduardo and Gänzle, Michael G and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{hugman_wang_beltranena_htoo_vasanthan_zijlstra_2021, title={Energy and amino acid digestibility of raw, steam-pelleted and extruded red lentil in growing pigs}, volume={275}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114838}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114838}, abstractNote={Lentil is an alternative feedstuff providing both starch and protein with a lower energy and amino acid (AA) digestibility in pigs than conventional feedstuffs. However, heat processing may increase the digestibility of energy and AA and thereby increase the nutritive value of lentil. Therefore, a study was conducted to test effects of steam-pelleting and extrusion of lentil on digestible energy (DE) and calculated net energy (NE) values and AA digestibility in growing pigs. Three diets containing 956 g/kg of either raw, steam-pelleted (80–85 °C) or extruded (115 °C) lentil were fed to 9 ileal-cannulated growing pigs (initial body weight = 69.0 ± 6.7 kg) at 2.8 × maintenance DE in a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin square with 3 periods. An N-free diet was fed to all pigs to measure basal endogenous losses of AA at the start of the trial. Each 9-day period comprised sequentially of a 5-day adaptation, 2-day faecal collection and 2-day ileal digesta collection. Steam-pelleting and extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) of lentil, and increased (P < 0.05) the calculated NE values of lentil grain. Steam-pelleting or extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the coefficients of standardised ileal digestibility (CSID) of CP and AA. In conclusion, heat processing can increase the digestibility of AA and the energy value of lentil in growing pigs that may increase the use of lentil as alternative feedstuff for pigs. Among heat processing methods, steam pelleting would be sufficient to achieve increased DE and calculated NE values and CSID of AA of lentil.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hugman, J. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Htoo, J.K. and Vasanthan, T. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={114838} }
 @article{heyer_beltranena_wang_zijlstra_2021, title={Extruded canola meal: is it worth it?}, volume={43}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Heyer, C.M.E. and Beltranena, E. and Wang, L.F. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2021}, pages={46–50} }
 @article{smit_he_beltranena_2021, title={Feeding different cultivars and quality levels of faba bean to broiler chickens}, volume={5}, ISSN={2573-2102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab094}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txab094}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Translational Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Smit, Miranda N and He, Liangfei and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{tan_wang_gao_beltranena_vasanthan_zijlstra_2021, title={Hindgut fermentation of starch is greater for pulse grains than cereal grains in growing pigs}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab306}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab306}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Tan, Felina P Y and Wang, Li Fang and Gao, Jun and Beltranena, Eduardo and Vasanthan, Thava and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{smit_ketelaar_he_beltranena_2021, title={Ileal digestibility of energy and amino acids in three faba bean cultivars (Vicia faba L.) planted and harvested early or late in broiler chickens}, volume={100}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101332}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2021.101332}, abstractNote={A concern of both pulse growers and poultry producers is how the timing of planting and harvesting affect the nutritional quality of faba bean for broiler chickens. To investigate, half of the seed of 2 zero-tannin cultivars (Snowbird and Snowdrop) and 1 low vicine and convicine cultivar (Fabelle) were planted at a single site either in early May and harvested in late September (EARLY) or planted in late May and harvested in late October (LATE). Diets of the 3 EARLY or LATE cultivars (95% inclusion) were fed to 756 broiler chickens (Ross 708) from d 15. Chickens were housed in 56 floor pens (13-14 birds/pen) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (7 pens/diet). A nitrogen-free diet to correct for endogenous amino acid (AA) losses was fed to broilers in 14 pens from d 20. Ileal digesta was collected after euthanizing birds on day 23 or 24. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased the proportion of immature beans from 5 to 64% for Snowbird, 7 to 79% for Snowdrop, and 22 to 80% for Fabelle. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased the proportion of frost-damaged beans from 20 to 83% for Snowbird, 36 to 88% for Snowdrop, and 5 to 29% for Fabelle. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased (P < 0.001) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of gross energy (GE) by 45% and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP by 13%. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased (P < 0.001) SID of AA by 11% except Cys. Snowbird and Snowdrop had greater (P < 0.05) SID of AA by 4.5% except Thr and Trp compared with Fabelle. Fabelle had 13% greater (P < 0.001) SID of Trp compared with Snowbird or Snowdrop. Results indicate that planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased GE, CP, and AA digestibility possibly by frost interrupting bean ripening on the field. Hull tannin content may have reduced the AA digestibility of Fabelle compared with Snowbird or Snowdrop.}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Smit, Miranda N. and Ketelaar, Robin F. and He, Liangfei and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={101332} }
 @article{heyer_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2021, title={Nutrient digestibility of extruded canola meal in ileal-cannulated growing pigs and effects of its feeding on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab135}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab135}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Heyer, Charlotte M E and Wang, Li F and Beltranena, Eduardo and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{hugman_wang_beltranena_htoo_zijlstra_2021, title={Nutrient digestibility of heat-processed field pea in weaned pigs}, volume={274}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114891}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114891}, abstractNote={Field pea grain can be included in growing-finishing pig diets as an alternative starch and protein source without affecting growth performance. However, for weaned pigs, there is a concern to include field pea grain in diets because of lower energy digestibility compared with soybean meal and corn grain and the presence of trypsin inhibitors that may affect protein digestion. Processing using heat and friction may reduce trypsin inhibitor activity in field pea grain and increase both energy and protein digestibility; however, its effect on weaned pigs remains unknown. To explore, field pea grain was cold-pelleted (70–75 °C), steam-pelleted (80–85 °C) or single-screw extruded (115 °C). The raw and 3 processed field pea grain samples were included in 4 test diets at 956 g/kg and fed to 8 ileal-cannulated weaned barrows (initial body weight, 11.6 ± 1.2 kg) in a double 4 × 4 Latin square. A N-free diet was also fed to pigs to measure basal endogenous losses of amino acids. Cold-pelleting and extrusion reduced trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) by 0.8–1.1 mg/g in field pea grain. Cold-pelleting increased (P < 0.05) the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, but not crude protein of field pea grain. Cold-pelleting increased (P < 0.05) digestible energy and calculated net energy values of field pea grain, and the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and starch. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the coefficient of standardised ileal digestibility of threonine, tryptophan, valine, serine and tyrosine of field pea grain. In conclusion, cold-pelleting reduced TIA and increased the energy value of field pea grain, and extrusion reduced TIA and increased ileal digestibility of some amino acids compared with raw field pea grain fed to weaned pigs.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hugman, J. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Htoo, J.K. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={114891} }
 @article{zannatta_wang_beltranena_beattie_newkirk_zijlstra_2021, title={PSIII-16 Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Fed Barley Differing in Fermentable Starch and Fiber Profile}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.296}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab054.296}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zannatta, Joaquin J Sanchez and Wang, L F and Beltranena, Eduardo and Beattie, Aaron D and Newkirk, Rex N and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={175–176} }
 @article{zannatta_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2021, title={PSIII-17 Extrusion Enhances Nutrient and Energy Digestibility of Pulse Grain-based Diets Fed to Growing Pigs}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.298}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab054.298}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zannatta, Joaquin J Sanchez and Wang, L F and Beltranena, Eduardo and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={176–177} }
 @article{le thanh_bergstrom_hahn_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2021, title={PSIII-18 Super Dose Phytase and Carbohydrase Cocktail Enhance Ileal Nutrient and Energy Digestibility of Corn-soybean Diets in Nursery Pigs}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.297}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab054.297}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Le Thanh, B V and Bergstrom, J R R and Hahn, J D and Wang, L F and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T T}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={176–176} }
 @article{heyer_wang_beltranena_gänzle_zijlstra_2021, title={PSIV-B-28 Effect of feeding acidified or fermented barley grain using Limosilactobacillus reuteri with or without supplemental phytase on diet nutrient digestibility in growing pigs}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.713}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab235.713}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Heyer, Charlotte M E and Wang, Li F and Beltranena, Eduardo and Gänzle, Michael G and Zijlstra, Ruurd T T}, year={2021}, month={Oct}, pages={391–392} }
 @article{tan_beltranena_zijlstra_2021, title={Resistant starch: Implications of dietary inclusion on gut health and growth in pigs: a review}, volume={12}, ISSN={2049-1891}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00644-5}, DOI={10.1186/s40104-021-00644-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Tan, Felina P. Y. and Beltranena, Eduardo and Zijlstra, Ruurd T.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{tan_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2020, title={261 Increasing dietary amylose reduces rate of starch digestion and increases microbial fermentation in weaned pigs}, volume={98}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.152}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa054.152}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Tan, F P Y and Wang, L F and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={86–86} }
 @article{oryschak_smit_beltranena_2020, title={Brassica napus and Brassica juncea extruded-expelled cake and solvent-extracted meal as feedstuffs for laying hens: Lay performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility}, volume={99}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez501}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pez501}, abstractNote={Two experiments evaluated feeding Brassica (B.) napus (canola) or B. juncea co-products to brown-shelled egg laying hens. In Exp. 1, diets including 20% B. napus or B. juncea extruded-expelled cakes (NC, JC) or solvent-extracted meals (NM, JM) compared to a control diet with no Brassica co-products, were fed to 120 hens (4 hens/cage, n = 6) for 36 wk. In Exp. 2, DM, gross energy, CP and amino acid (AA) retention/digestibility was determined by feeding diets containing 30% B. napus or B. juncea cakes or meals and basal diet to 240 hens (8 hens/pair of cages, n = 6) for 7 d. Cakes averaged 40 g/kg lower moisture, 28 g/kg lower CP, and 84 g/kg greater fat content compared with meals. In Exp. 1, there was no effect of diet on lay percentage or BW throughout the experiment. Feed consumption was 3.5 g/d lower in layers fed JM compared with controls and egg: feed was reduced by 14 mg egg/g feed in layers fed JC (P < 0.01). Although eggs from layers fed NM were 0.7 g heavier than controls, eggs from layers fed NC, JM or JC were 1.4 g lighter than controls (P < 0.01). Eggs from layers fed Brassica diets contained a greater proportion (1.6%-points) of monounsaturated fatty acids compared with controls (P < 0.01). Eggs from layers fed B. juncea had a relatively greater proportion (0.2%-points) of C18:3 (n3) compared with those of layers fed B. napus diets (P < 0.01). Feeding Brassica diets reduced digestibility of DM (5%-points), gross energy (7%-points) and CP (4%-points) vs. basal (P < 0.01). The digestibility of indispensable AA except tryptophan, was reduced feeding Brassica diets vs. basal (P < 0.01). We concluded that feeding B. napus and B. juncea extruded-expelled cakes and solvent-extracted meal at 20% of diets to hens supported acceptable lay performance and egg quality over a 36 wk production cycle. Digestibility data indicated that indispensable AA in Brassica co-products had moderately high (75 to 85%) apparent ileal digestibility.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Smit, M.N. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={350–363} }
 @article{oryschak_christianson_beltranena_2020, title={Camelina sativa cake for broiler chickens: effects of increasing dietary inclusion on clinical signs of toxicity, feed disappearance, and nutrient digestibility}, volume={4}, ISSN={2573-2102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa029}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txaa029}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Translational Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oryschak, Matthew A and Christianson, Colleen B and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={1263–1277} }
 @article{kopmels_smit_cho_he_beltranena_2020, title={Effect of feeding 3 zero-tannin faba bean cultivars at 3 increasing inclusion levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and yield of saleable cuts of broiler chickens}, volume={99}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.034}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.034}, abstractNote={A trial was conducted to evaluate how rapidly one could introduce faba bean in broiler diets and to what maximum level one could feed 3 zero-tannin faba bean cultivars to broiler chickens based on growth performance, carcass traits, and yield of carcass cuts. A total of 662 male broiler chickens (Ross 708) were fed one of 10 dietary treatments over 3 growth phases (starter [Str], day 0–12; grower [Gwr], day 13–25; and finisher [Fnr], day 26–41). Treatment diets included 3 different zero-tannin faba bean cultivars (Snowbird, Snowdrop, and Tabasco), each fed at 3 different inclusions: low inclusion level of 5% in Str, 10% in Gwr, and 20% in Fnr; medium inclusion level of 10% in Str, 20% in Gwr, and 30% in Fnr; and high inclusion level of 15% in Str, 30% in Gwr, and 40% in Fnr. Wheat grain–soybean meal (SBM) diets were fed as control. Faba bean cultivars replaced SBM and wheat grain in phase diets. Neither cultivar nor inclusion level affected overall trial or growth phase BW, ADFI, ADG, G:F, slaughter weight (WT), chilled carcass WT, and proportion of saleable cuts. Carcass dressing was 0.6% units lower for high vs. medium or low faba bean inclusion level (P < 0.05). There was no effect on overall trial or growth phase ADFI and there were only slight reductions (P < 0.05) in BW, ADG, G:F, slaughter WT, chilled carcass WT, dressing percentage, and percentage of drumstick yield in broilers fed the treatment diets including faba bean compared with those fed the wheat–SBM control diet. The control diet's advantage was largely attributed to dehulling and the greater extent of processing to produce SBM vs. feeding raw, merely rolled, faba bean. In conclusion, broiler producers can feed any of the 3 zero-tannin faba bean cultivars evaluated as the most aggressive of the 3 inclusion levels tested (15, 30, 40% for the starter, grower, finisher phase) to maximize faba bean inclusion in broiler diets.}, number={10}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kopmels, Femke C. and Smit, Miranda N. and Cho, Misaki and He, Liangfei and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={4958–4968} }
 @article{hugman_wang_beltranena_htoo_zijlstra_2020, title={Growth performance of weaned pigs fed raw or heat-processed field pea}, volume={41}, number={5}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Hugman, J. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Htoo, J.K. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2020}, pages={32–34} }
 @article{hugman_wang_beltranena_htoo_zijlstra_2020, title={Growth performance of weaned pigs fed raw, cold-pelleted, steam-pelleted, or extruded field pea}, volume={264}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114485}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114485}, abstractNote={Field pea is an alternative starch and protein source for swine; however, feeding raw field pea to weaned pigs may reduce feed efficiency (G:F). Growth performance of weaned pigs fed field pea processed using treatments with heat and friction is unknown. To explore the effects of feed processing, field pea was ground (4.0-mm sieve), then either cold-pelleted (70–75 °C), steam-pelleted (80–85 °C) or extruded (115 °C) and then re-ground (3.2-mm sieve). Diets included 400 g per kg raw, cold-pelleted, steam-pelleted or extruded field pea replacing 300 g soybean meal (SBM) and 100 g wheat grain and were formulated to provide 10.0 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 12.1 g standardised ileal digestible lysine/kg. In total, 236 pigs (weaned at 20 days of age) were housed in 60 pens in 4 rooms and fed 1 of 5 diets starting 2 weeks post-weaning [initial body weight (BW): 10 kg] for 3 weeks. The CATTD of gross energy and crude protein, digestible energy and predicted NE value were lower (P < 0.001) in field pea diets than in SBM diets and were not affected by processing of field pea. Overall (day 1–21), average daily feed intake of pigs fed raw or processed field pea diets (853–882 g/day) was greater (P = 0.001) than pigs fed SBM diet (813 g/day). Average daily gain did not differ between SBM diet and field pea diets, nor did it differ among field pea treatments. Thus, G:F was lower (P < 0.001) for pigs fed field pea diets (0.60–0.63) than for pigs fed SBM diet (0.68), but did not differ among field pea treatments. Final BW of pigs fed raw, cold-pelleted, steam-pelleted, extruded field pea and SBM diets were 21.0, 21.1, 21.3, 21.4 and 21.7 kg respectively. Final BW was not affected (P > 0.05) by feeding or processing of field pea. To conclude, weaned pigs fed 400 g field pea/kg diet in substitution of SBM could maintain growth performance. Greater ADFI for field pea diets than SBM diet indicated that pigs compensated for the reduced energy value of field pea diets. Raw field pea can be included in late nursery diets without thermal treatment to replace 300 g SBM and 100 g wheat grain/kg diet.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hugman, J. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Htoo, J.K. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={114485} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2020, title={Reconsidering the contribution of Canadian poultry production to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions: returning to an integrated crop–poultry production system paradigm}, volume={99}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.004}, abstractNote={Public discourse around “greenhouse gases” (GHG) has led to the application of life-cycle assessments to ascertain the “global warming potential” of human activities. Life-cycle assessments applied to agricultural systems typically do not consider positive contributions (i.e., fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2]) or consider complex interrelationships among commodities within the larger agricultural sector. The purpose of this article is to present an argument for a paradigm shift and that poultry production should be considered as a value-adding activity within modern crop production systems for GHG foot-printing purposes. To this end, a case study based on 2018 production data is presented where poultry production (chicken and eggs) was contextualized as a sub-component of wheat and corn production in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Ontario, respectively. Total GHG footprint was calculated to be 3.05 and 3.29 million tonnes (MT) of CO2 equivalent (eq) for Alberta wheat and Ontario corn production, respectively. The GHG footprint of chicken production was calculated to be 0.39 and 1.38 MT CO2 eq in Alberta and Ontario, respectively. The GHG footprint of egg production calculated to be 0.12 and 0.47 MT of CO2 eq in Alberta and Ontario, respectively. When carbon (C) fixation as crop biomass is included in the scenario, the combined crop–poultry system C balance in 2018 favored net fixation of 40.70 and 35.15 MT of CO2 eq in Alberta and Ontario, respectively. The calculated total GHG footprint of poultry production in Alberta and Ontario corresponded to only 1.2 and 5.5% of the calculated total net CO2 fixation of their respective cropping systems. This case study demonstrates that by failing to acknowledge real world estimates of C fixation by crop biomass, GHG foot-printing exercises largely misrepresent reality and can thus perpetuate faulty assumptions about the environmental footprint of animal agriculture. The authors propose that the calculations presented herein provide grounds to postulate the hypothesis that modern, integrated crop-livestock agricultural systems in Canada (and elsewhere) act as net sinks for atmospheric CO2.}, number={8}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={3777–3783} }
 @article{zijlstra_fouhse_heyer_tan_vasanthan_beltranena_gänzle_2019, title={114 Role of fiber in promoting health in nursery pigs}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.119}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz122.119}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zijlstra, Ruurd T and Fouhse, Janelle M and Heyer, Charlotte Maria Elisabeth and Tan, Felina and Vasanthan, Thavaratnam and Beltranena, Eduardo and Gänzle, Michael G}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={64–65} }
 @inbook{zijlstra_beltranena_2019, title={11: Co-products in swine nutrition and feed formulation}, ISBN={9789086868841 9789086863334}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_11}, DOI={10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_11}, abstractNote={For sustainable swine production, economics, agronomy, societal acceptance and the environment are key components. Co-products play a key role in these components, and the pig as an omnivorous species is suited to effectively convert co-products into pork. Traditionally, co-products were seen as opportunity to reduce feed costs, but may also reduce the environmental footprint of the entire crop-to-food value chain. Co-products may have value attributes that allow manipulation of animal health, behaviour, nutrient excretion patterns and pork quality. However, co-products also provide challenges. First, co-products add variability in macronutrient profile in the feedstuff matrix beyond the variability intrinsic to crops. Micronutrient profile might also become more variable, but the use of vitamin and mineral premixes in swine feed alleviates that concern. Thus, feed quality evaluation for energy value and amino acid and P content and availability or digestibility is important, as is the system selected for evaluation. Second, co-products may contain chemical residues and mycotoxins that reduce feed intake and affect reproductive performance. Finally, co-products may reduce carcass characteristics and pork quality while the high fibre content of co-products reduces dressing percentage and the high oil content of some co-products provides unsaturated fatty acids that soften pork fat. In conclusion, use of co-products may reduce feed costs per unit of pork produced, but also provides challenges to achieve cost-effective, predictable growth performance, animal health, environmental footprint, carcass characteristics and pork quality.}, booktitle={Poultry and pig nutrition}, publisher={Brill | Wageningen Academic}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={245–262} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2019, title={A comparison of solvent-extracted and expeller-pressed Camelina sativa co-products as feedstuff for laying hens}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={199} }
 @article{thanh_beltranena_zhou_wang_zijlstra_2019, title={Amino acid and energy digestibility of Brassica napus canola meal from different crushing plants fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs}, volume={252}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.04.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.04.008}, abstractNote={Canola meal (CM) can replace soybean meal (SBM) as dietary source of supplemental protein for pigs; however, varying nutritive quality of CM may cause inaccurate diet formulation and unexpected growth performance, but is rarely reported. In an 8 × 8 Latin square, the standardised ileal digestibility coefficient (CSID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE) value and the predicted net energy (NE) value were evaluated for 5 Brassica napus CM samples originating in a single crop year from 5 Western Canadian crushing plants and compared to SBM. Eight ileal-cannulated grower pigs (initial body weight [BW]: 32 ± 1.9 kg) were fed 8 diets (400 g SBM/kg, five 400 g CM/kg, wheat-based basal and N-free) at 2.8 × maintenance (0.46 MJ of DE per kg of BW0.75) for 8 periods of 9 days each. Standardised to 100 g moisture/kg, the SBM and 5 CM samples contained 461 and 357–413 g CP/kg, 23.9 and 10.6–35.8 g ether extract (EE), 69 and 218–251 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg and 17.6 and 17.9–18.1 MJ GE/kg, respectively. The CSID of essential AA such as lysine, threonine and methionine was greater (P < 0.05) in SBM than in the 5 CM samples, except for tryptophan. The CSID of lysine, threonine and methionine differed (P < 0.05) among CM samples and ranged 0.84–0.88 for lysine, 0.82–0.86 for threonine and 0.89–0.92 for methionine. The CATTD of energy ranged 0.753–0.788 and predicted NE value ranged 7.56–7.97 MJ/kg as fed among CM samples. Total glucosinolate content ranged from 1.2–7.6 μmol/g and was negatively correlated (r = −0.390; P = 0.013) with DE value of the 5 CM samples, but not with CSID of AA. In conclusion, samples of CM processed in Western Canada varied in CP and EE content, but CSID of AA varied minimally. The measured DE and predicted NE values were close to NRC (2012), but greater than values for rapeseed meal in the INRA database (Sauvant et al., 2004), indicating that database selection for diet formulation matters.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Thanh, B.V. Le and Beltranena, E. and Zhou, X. and Wang, L.F. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={83–91} }
 @article{oryschak_batres_opoku-yeboah_beltranena_2019, title={Canola seed as a feedstuff for broilers: Effects on growth performance, carcass traits, saleable cuts and feed-associated carbon intensity of chicken meat production}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Batres, D. and Opoku-Yeboah, E. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={197} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2019, title={Dietary approaches to reducing the carbon intensity of chicken meat production: Capping dietary carbon intensity}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={200} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2019, title={Dietary approaches to reducing the carbon intensity of chicken meat production: Optimization of dietary AME density and formulation objective}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={200} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2019, title={Dietary approaches to reducing the carbon intensity of egg production: Optimization of dietary AME density and formulation objective}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={199} }
 @article{oryschak_batres_opoku-yeboah_beltranena_2019, title={Dietary approaches to reducing the carbon intensity of table egg production: Capping dietary carbon intensity}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Batres, D. and Opoku-Yeboah, E. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={198} }
 @article{cho_smit_he_kopmels_beltranena_2019, title={Effect of Feeding Zero- or High-Tannin Faba Bean Cultivars and Dehulling on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Yield of Saleable Cuts of Broiler Chickens}, volume={28}, ISSN={1056-6171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz099}, DOI={10.3382/japr/pfz099}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Color-flowered, high-tannin faba bean (FB; Vicia faba) cultivars are more tolerant to frost around harvest time than white-flowered, zero-tannin cultivars. Tannins concentrated on the seed hull reduce both starch and protein digestibility. We therefore evaluated feeding 2 zero-tannin (Snowbird, Snowdrop) or 2 high-tannin (Fabelle, Malik) FB cultivars and the effect of dehulling to reduce tannin content on broiler growth performance, carcass traits, and yield of saleable cuts. Male Ross 708 chicks (n = 585) were fed 1 of 4 FB cultivars either non-dehulled or dehulled in starter (12%, 0–12 d), grower (24%, 13–25 d), and finisher (36%, 26–41 d) mash diets replacing soybean meal (SBM) and wheat grain (control diet). Overall, daily feed intake was greatest for Snowbird and Fabelle, and lowest for Malik; Snowdrop was intermediate. Daily weight gain was greater for Fabelle than other cultivars, and greater for control than FB cultivars. Gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) was greatest for Fabelle but lowest for Snowbird; Snowdrop was not different from Fabelle or Malik, and Malik was not different from Snowbird. Broiler G:F and chilled carcass weight were greater for controls than FB cultivars. Breast meat yield (BMY) was greater for Snowbird, and lower for Fabelle; Malik was not different from Snowbird or Snowdrop; Snowdrop was not different from Fabelle. Dehulling FB lowered BMY. Feeding broilers low-vicine/convicine high-tannin Fabelle resulted in slightly better growth performance but lower BMY than feeding zero-tannin cultivars or high-tannin Malik. Dehulling FB did not improve broiler growth performance or carcass dressing to the level of controls fed SBM-wheat only.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cho, M. and Smit, M.N. and He, L. and Kopmels, F.C. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={1305–1323} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2019, title={Effect of high (30%) dietary inclusion of lentil and chickpea in layer diets on hen performance and egg quality}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={198} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2019, title={Effect of high dietary inclusion of canola or camelina expeller-pressed cake or solvent-extracted meal on hen performance and egg quality}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={198} }
 @article{le minh_wang_landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2019, title={Feeding Brassica juncea canola cake to weaned pigs}, volume={40}, number={5}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Le Minh, H.A. and Wang, L.F. and Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2019}, pages={33–35} }
 @article{cho_smit_he._kopmels_beltranena_2019, title={Feeding high-tannin or zero-tannin faba bean grain cultivars hulled or dehulled on growth performance, carcass traits and yield of saleable cuts of broiler chickens}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Cho, M. and Smit, M.N. and He., L. and Kopmels, F.C. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2019}, pages={148} }
 @article{zhou_smit_young_zamora_zijlstra_beltranena_2019, title={Feeding hogs extruded and expeller-pressed B. juncea canola meal}, volume={40}, number={3}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Zhou, X. and Smit, M.N. and Young, M.G. and Zamora, V. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2019}, pages={42–45} }
 @article{kopmels_smit_cho_he_beltranena_2019, title={Feeding zero-tannin faba bean cultivars at different increasing inclusion patterns on growth performance, carcass traits and yield of saleable cuts of broiler chickens}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Kopmels, F.C. and Smit, M.N. and Cho, M. and He, L. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2019}, pages={55} }
 @article{smit_zhou_landero_young_beltranena_2019, title={Increasing hybrid rye level substituting wheat grain with or without enzyme on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing barrows and gilts}, volume={3}, ISSN={2573-2102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz141}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txz141}, abstractNote={Abstract:}, number={4}, journal={Translational Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Smit, Miranda N and Zhou, Xun and Landero, José L and Young, Malachy G and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1561–1574} }
 @article{sanchez-zannatta_thanh_wang_beltranena_newkirk_zijlstra_2019, title={PSIV-7 Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed steam-exploded canola meal}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.321}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz122.321}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Sanchez-Zannatta, Joaquin J and Thanh, Bich Van Le and Wang, Lifang and Beltranena, Eduardo and Newkirk, Rex N and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={182–182} }
 @article{thanh_wang_beltranena_newkirk_zijlstra_2019, title={PSVI-9 Nutrient and energy digestibility of steam-exploded canola meal in cannulated grower pigs}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.363}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz122.363}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Thanh, Bich Van Le and Wang, Lifang and Beltranena, Eduardo and Newkirk, Rex N and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={206–207} }
 @article{oryschak_smit_beltranena_2019, title={Replacement of soybean meal with canola meal at two feed energy levels on production performance and egg attributes of laying hens}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Smit, M.N. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={199} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2019, title={The effect of corrugated rollermill processing on the nutrient digestibility of full fat camelina and flax seed fed for laying hens}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2019}, pages={206} }
 @article{le thanh_beltranena_zhou_wang_zijlstra_2019, title={The nutritive value of canola meal fed to growing pigs did not differ greatly among samples from five different Western Canadian crushing plants}, volume={41}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Le Thanh, B.V. and Beltranena, E. and Zhou, X. and Wang, L.F. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2019}, pages={23–26} }
 @article{heyer_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={256 Nutrient Digestibility of Extruded Canola Meal in Grower Pigs.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.253}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky073.253}, abstractNote={Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and antinutritional factors (ANF) such as glucosinolates than soybean meal, and has consequently lower amino acid (AA) digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that increase nutrient digestibility, and thereby increase the feeding value of CM, warrant study. This study assessed the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA and gross energy (GE), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE and digestible energy (DE) value. In a double 4 × 4 Latin square, 8 ileal-cannulated barrows (68.1 kg initial BW) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM, or extruded CM prepared using a singlescrew extruder (X-115; Wenger, Sabetha, KS) by changing extruder speed (250, 350,450 rpm) and related mechanical energy. On DM basis, CM, extruded CM with low, medium or high extruder intensity contained 8.87, 7.84, 7.30 and 7.86 μmol/g total glucosinolates respectively. The AID, ATTD, and hindgut fermentation (ATTDAID) for DM and GE of CM was not affected (P > 0.05) by extrusion processing. Hindgut fermentation of CP for CM, extruded CM with low, medium or high extruder intensity was 5.72, 1.14, 3.78, 0.97% respectively and increased (P < 0.10) hindgut fermentation for CM compared with low and high extrusion intensity. Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Met was lower (P < 0.001) for CM compared with extruded CM. Finally, SID of Trp was lower (P < 0.05) for the raw CM compared with low and high speed extrusion intensity. In conclusion, extrusion of solvent-extracted CM increased SID of several AA, indicating that extruded CM can contribute more dietary AA to the pig than CM. However, increased extruder speed and related increased mechanical energy did not have an effect on SID of AA. In addition, extrusion reduced the glucosinolate content in CM; medium intensity reduced total glucosinolates by 18% compare with raw CM.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Heyer, C M E and Wang, L F and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={137–137} }
 @article{ruiz_luna_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={260 Effects of feeding raw, steam-pelleted, or extruded faba bean on diet nutrient and energy digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.257}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky073.257}, abstractNote={The feed value of raw, steam-pelleted, and extruded faba bean (FB) were evaluated with 208 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.0 ± 0.79 kg), housed in 52 pens, starting 1 wk post-weaning at 21 d of age in a randomized complete block design. Faba bean was ground (2.8-mm hammer mill screen), and then part was steam-pelleted (California Pellet Mill, Crawfordsville, IN) or extruded (X115, Wenger, Sabetha, KS). After processing, FB was reground (2.8-mm screen) and included in diets (raw, steam-pelleted, or extruded) at 30% for phase 1 (d 1–14) and 40% for phase 2 (d 15–35). Diets, including a wheat-soybean meal (SBM) control diet, were formulated to provide 2.45 and 2.33 Mcal NE/kg, and 5.51 and 5.12 g standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal NE for phases 1 and 2, respectively. The 3 FB samples contained (DM-basis) 29.6% CP, 2.3% ether extract, 11.7% ADF, 36.3% starch, and 4.46 Mcal GE/kg. The ADFI, ADG, and G:F were measured weekly. Diet and feces were analyzed to determine diet apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) using the indicator method. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model of SAS with diet and week as fixed effects, and block as random effect with pen as experimental unit. In phase 1, the ATTD of DM, OM, GE, CP, and DE value of wheat-SBM diet and of diets with steam-pelleted and extruded FB were similar (P > 0.05), but were 3.0–6.4% greater (P < 0.05) than those of raw FB diet. In phase 2, the ATTD of DM, OM, GE, and DE value of raw, steam-pelleted and extruded FB diets did not differ (P > 0.05), but were lower than those of wheat-SBM diet. The ATTD of CP of raw and steam-pelleted FB diets were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the wheat-SMB diet. The ATTD of CP of extruded FB diet did not differ (P > 0.05) from other diets in phase 2. Inclusion or processing of FB did not affect ADFI or ADG of pigs. Pigs fed extruded FB diet tended to have greater (P = 0.066) G:F (0.76 vs. 0.84) than pigs fed the raw FB diet in wk 1. In conclusion, steam-pelleting and extrusion increased ATTD of nutrients and energy of FB diets, but it was only reflected in increased G:F for the first week of the study.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Ruiz, U S and Luna, G C and Wang, L F and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={139–139} }
 @article{ruiz_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={261 Effects of extrusion and particle size on nutrient and energy digestibility of wheat millrun in growing pigs.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.258}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky073.258}, abstractNote={Particle size reduction and extrusion can increase the nutritional value of feedstuffs for pigs, but effects on wheat millrun are unclear. Thus, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM, GE, CP, and AA, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and CP, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and GE of coarsely or finely ground wheat millrun that was extruded or non-extruded were evaluated in pigs. Wheat millrun was ground in a hammer mill, and either extruded (X115, Wenger, Sabetha, KS) or not. Samples were ground finely (non-extruded: 283 µm; extruded: 276 µm) or coarsely (non-extruded: 508 µm; extruded: 470 µm), and mixed with 50% wheat-soybean basal diet. Six ileal-cannulated barrows (36.4 ± 0.9 kg) were fed the 4 test diets, basal diet, and N-free diet at 2.8 × maintenance DE for six 9-d periods (5 d adaptation, 2 d feces and 2 d digesta collection) in a 6 × 6 Latin square. Wheat millrun data were analyzed as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using the MIXED model of SAS with extrusion and grinding as fixed effects, and pig and period as random effects. The 4 wheat millrun samples contained (DM basis) 18.2% CP, 13.9% ADF, and 4.6 Mcal/kg GE. Particle size and extrusion interacted (P < 0.05) for AID and SID of AA of wheat millrun. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the AID and SID of Lys and Ile (13–19%), and SID of Arg (6%) for coarsely, but not for finely ground wheat millrun. Coarse grinding increased (P < 0.05) AID and SID of Lys, Leu, Ile, and Arg of extruded wheat millrun (12–17%) compared with non-extruded. Extruding wheat millrun increased (P < 0.05) the AID of His (4.6%), Phe (3.9%), and Thr (6.9%); the SID of Phe (3.9%) and Thr (6.9%); the ATTD of DM (2.6%) and GE (2.4%), and DE value; and tended to increase (P < 0.10) the AID and SID of Met, compared with non-extruded. Coarsely grinding wheat millrun increased (P < 0.05) the AID of His (5.6%), Trp (11.7%), and Val (6.3%), and the SID of Trp (11.5%) and Val (6.0%) compared with finely ground wheat millrun. Extrusion increased AID of AA and ATTD of GE of wheat millrun, indicating that heat processing modified the physicochemical properties of its nutritional components making them more available to the pigs. Fine grinding decreased the nutritional value of wheat millrun.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Ruiz, U S and Wang, L F and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={139–140} }
 @article{hugman_beltranena_htoo_zijlstra_2018, title={266 Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Fed Raw, Cold-Pelleted, Steam-Pelleted, or Extruded Field Pea.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.263}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky073.263}, abstractNote={Abstract Field pea is an alternative starch and protein source for swine; however, feeding raw field pea to weaned pigs may reduce feed efficiency (G:F). Growth performance of weaned pigs fed field pea processed using treatments with heat and friction is unknown. To explore the effects of feed processing, field pea was ground (4.0-mm sieve), then either cold-pelleted (70–75 °C), steam-pelleted (80–85 °C) or extruded (115 °C) and then re-ground (3.2-mm sieve). Diets included 400 g per kg raw, cold-pelleted, steam-pelleted or extruded field pea replacing 300 g soybean meal (SBM) and 100 g wheat grain and were formulated to provide 10.0 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 12.1 g standardised ileal digestible lysine/kg. In total, 236 pigs (weaned at 20 days of age) were housed in 60 pens in 4 rooms and fed 1 of 5 diets starting 2 weeks post-weaning [initial body weight (BW): 10 kg] for 3 weeks. The CATTD of gross energy and crude protein, digestible energy and predicted NE value were lower (P 0.05) by feeding or processing of field pea. To conclude, weaned pigs fed 400 g field pea/kg diet in substitution of SBM could maintain growth performance. Greater ADFI for field pea diets than SBM diet indicated that pigs compensated for the reduced energy value of field pea diets. Raw field pea can be included in late nursery diets without thermal treatment to replace 300 g SBM and 100 g wheat grain/kg diet.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Hugman, J and Beltranena, E and Htoo, J K and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={142–143} }
 @article{wang_zhang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={294 Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed hulled or hull-less barley differing in fermentable starch or fiber to replace wheat.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.291}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky073.291}, abstractNote={Starch and fiber composition of whole grains may differ and thereby change site of digestion of energy-yielding nutrients from the small to large intestine. We selected 5 grains differing in fermentable carbohydrates: low-fermentable wheat (LFW); low-fermentable hulled barley (LFB); and 3 hull-less barley of moderate-fermentable (MFB), high-fermentable and high-amylose (HFA), or high-fermentable and high-β-glucan (HFB) to study apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE and CP, and DE and predicted NE value of diets. In total, 240 pigs were weaned at d 20 and fed diets containing 63.0–70.6% of the 5 grains from 1 wk post-weaning (initial BW 7.3 kg). Diets were formulated to provide 2.3 and 2.2 Mcal NE/kg, and 5.52 and 5.10 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys/Mcal NE for Phase 1 (d 1–14) and Phase 2 (d 15–35), respectively. The ATTD of GE was greatest (P < 0.05) for LFW and MFB diets (87%), intermediate for HFB and HFA diets (85%), and lowest (P < 0.05) for LFB diet (84%) in Phase 1, with similar ranking in Phase 2 and for diet DE value. The ATTD of CP during Phase 1 was greater (P < 0.05) for LFW diet than the 4 barley diets (85 vs. 79%), and during Phase 2 was greatest (P < 0.05) for LFW diet (82%), intermediate for HFA and LFB diets (77%), and lowest (P < 0.05) for MFB and HFB diets (75%). Diet predicted NE value during Phase 1 was greater (P < 0.05) for MFB diet than the other 4 diets (2.39 vs. 2.28-2.33 Mcal/kg), and during Phase 2 was greater (P < 0.05) for MFB (2.23 Mcal/kg) than LFB and HFB diets, and lowest for HFA diet (2.20 Mcal/kg). Overall (d 1–35), the ADFI was greatest (P < 0.05) for LFB, LFW, and MFB diets (829-860 g), followed by HFB diet (789 g), and lowest for HFA diet (770 g). The ADG (514-557 g), but not G:F (0.64-0.67), tended to differ (P < 0.10) among the 5 diets. In conclusion, increased fermentable carbohydrates (starch or β-glucan) or non-fermentable fiber in cereal grains reduced ATTD of energy and protein in young pigs. While increased non-fermentable fiber did not reduce growth performance, increased fermentable carbohydrates reduced ADFI. Fermentable carbohydrates should be titrated carefully in diets for young pigs to ensure that their increased inclusion does not reduce dietary energy and protein intake and thus maintains growth performance.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Wang, L F and Zhang, H and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={158–158} }
 @article{le thanh_fouhse_bergstrom_hahn_willling_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={301 Effects of Benzoic Acid and Enzyme Blend on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Diarrhea Incidence in Weaned Pigs.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.298}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky073.298}, abstractNote={To facilitate the reduction in antibiotics used to manage post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), alternative dietary management strategies are required. Two such nutritional strategies, inclusion of benzoic acid and enzyme blend, were studied in weaned pigs (n = 200; 7.0 kg BW; Duroc × Large White/Landrace F1). Diets fed were based on wheat, barley, soybean meal, and canola meal and were formulated without antibiotics to provide 5.3 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys/Mcal NE that resulted in 22%-CP diets. At 7 d post-weaning, pigs were assigned in a randomized complete block design to be fed 5 diets for 21 d: positive control (Ctrl+; 2.37 Mcal NE/kg enriched with canola oil); negative control (Ctrl–; 2.27 Mcal NE/kg by reducing canola oil), and 3 diets that supplemented the Ctrl– diet with either 0.5% benzoic acid (BA), 0.045% enzyme blend (ENZ; phytase, β-glucanase, xylanase, and α-amylase), or both BA and ENZ (BAE). For the entire study, growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP and GE did not differ between Ctrl– and Ctrl+ diets. The Ctrl– diet had lower (P<0.05) predicted NE value than Ctrl+ diet (2.41 vs. 2.52 Mcal/kg of DM). The ADG was greater (P<0.05) for the BA diet than for the Ctrl– diet (482 vs. 435 g). The BAE diet had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of CP (79.6 vs. 82.4%), ATTD of GE (80.9 vs. 83.2%), and predicted NE value (2.56 vs. 2.41 Mcal/kg of DM) than the Ctrl‒ diet. In wk 2, diarrhea incidence [identified as a pen with at least 1 pig with diarrhea] was lower (P<0.05) for the BAE diet than for the Ctrl‒ diet (44.3 vs. 64.3%). Diarrhea incidence was affected (P<0.001) by week and was 40, 56, and 22 % for wk 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Ileal digesta pH was lower (P<0.05) for the ENZ diet than for the Ctrl‒ diet (6.27 vs. 6.76). In summary, BA increased ATTD of nutrients and BW gain. The BAE increased ATTD of nutrients and reduced incidence of PWD. In conclusion, supplementation of BA and /or ENZ might enhance nutrient utilization and reduce PWD thereby increasing growth performance in weaned pigs.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Le Thanh, B V and Fouhse, J M and Bergstrom, J R and Hahn, J D and Willling, B P and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={162–162} }
 @article{heyer_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={327 Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Fed Raw or Extruded Canola Meal with Low to High Extrusion Intensity.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.324}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky073.324}, abstractNote={Hydrothermal processes with high shear force, such as extrusion cooking, may increase solubility of fiber and may inactivate heat-labile anti-nutritional factors in feedstuffs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of extrusion of solvent-extracted Brassica napus canola meal (CM) on growth performance in weaned pigs. The CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder (X-115; Wenger, Sabetha, KS). Extruder intensity ranged from low to high by changing extruder speed (250, 350, 450 rpm). A total of 200 pigs (Duroc × Large White/Landrace F1; Hypor, Regina, SK, Canada) with an initial BW of 8.3 kg weaned at 21 d of age were divided within gender and BW using a randomized complete block design (4 pigs/pen). Then 14 d after weaning, pigs were fed 1 of 5 diets containing 20% soybean meal (SBM), raw CM, or CM extruded with low, medium, or high extruder intensity for 3 wk. Wheat based diets were formulated to provide 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. On DM basis, raw CM and extruded CM with low, medium or high extruder intensity contained 5.31, 4.85, 4.51 and 4.78 μmol/g total glucosinolates respectively. The ADFI, ADG, and G:F ratio did not differ (P > 0.05) among the 5 diets. Pig final BW for SBM, raw CM, extruded CM with low, medium or high extruder intensity was 19.5, 19.4, 19.2, 19.8, and 19.8 kg respectively and did not differ (P > 0.05) among diets. In conclusion, extrusion reduced total glucosinolate content in CM, and medium intensity extrusion reduced total glucosinolates 15% compared to raw CM. Additional extrusion of solvent-extracted Brassica napus CM was expected to increase nutritive quality and palatability of CM. However, extrusion of solvent-extracted Brassica napus CM across a range of intensity using extruder speed and mechanical energy did not affect growth performance of weaned pigs fed diets with CM to replace 20% SBM.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Heyer, C M E and Wang, L F and Beltranena, E and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={176–176} }
 @article{wang_zhang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={Diet nutrient and energy digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed hulled or hull-less barley differing in fermentable starch and fibre to replace wheat grain}, volume={242}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.012}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.012}, abstractNote={Starch and fibre composition of feed grain may alter site of digestion and fermentation of energy-yielding nutrients within the swine gut. Especially dietary amylose and β-glucan increase fermentation; however, their effect on growth performance has not been well defined. Starting 1 week post-weaning (BW, 7.3 kg), 240 pigs were fed 5 diets that contained 630–706 g cereal grain/kg differing in fermentable carbohydrates: high-fermentable β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB), high-fermentable amylose hull-less barley (HFA), moderate-fermentable hull-less barley (MFB); low-fermentable hulled barley (LFB) or low-fermentable hard red spring wheat (LFW). Diets were formulated to provide 9.7 and 9.4 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.32 and 1.22 g standardised ileal digestible lysine/MJ NE for Phase 1 (day 1–14) and Phase 2 (day 15–35), respectively. The coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of gross energy (GE) was greatest (P < 0.05) for MFB and LFW for both phases and was lower (P < 0.05) for LFB than HFB and HFA for Phase 1 and HFA for Phase 2. The CATTD of crude protein (CP) was greater (P < 0.05) for LFW than the 4 barley diets for both phases. The CATTD of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for HFA and LFB than HFB and MFB for Phase 2. Calculated NE value for Phase 1 was greatest (P < 0.05) for MFB, greater (P < 0.05) for LFW than LFB and HFB and greater (P < 0.05) for HFA than HFB. Calculated NE value for Phase 2 was greater (P < 0.05) for MFB than LFB, HFB and HFA and greater (P < 0.05) for LFW than HFA. For the entire trial (day 1–35), gain:feed (G:F) did not differ (P > 0.05) among diets. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was greater (P < 0.05) for LFB, LFW or MFB than HFA. The ADFI was greater (P < 0.05) for LFB than HFB. Average daily gain tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for LFB than HFA. Faeces consistency was greater (P < 0.05) for LFW than HFB or HFA and greater (P < 0.05) for LFB than HFB. In conclusion, moderate dietary fermentable carbohydrates did not alter feed intake, gain and G:F of weaned pigs; however, high dietary fermentable carbohydrates may reduce feed intake, gain and faeces consistency. Nevertheless, hulled and hull-less barley replacing wheat grain in diets did not affect feed intake, gain and G:F in weaned pigs.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, L.F. and Zhang, H. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={59–68} }
 @article{smit_landero_young_beltranena_2018, title={Effects of feeding canola meal or soy expeller at two dietary net energy levels on growth performance, dressing and carcass characteristics of barrows and gilts}, volume={235}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.013}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.013}, abstractNote={Feeding solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) with relatively high-fibre content or extruded-expelled soybean cake (SE) with remaining oil content offers the opportunity to either reduce or increase dietary net energy (NE) level at low cost. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, 504 barrows and 504 gilts (33 kg) were fed two NE densities (low [9.3–9.4 MJ/kg for grower and finisher, respectively] or high [9.9–10.2 MJ/kg]) and two supplemental protein sources (CM [250–200 g/kg] or SE [150–125 g/kg]). Pigs were housed by gender in 48 pens of 21 pigs each and were fed over 5 growth phases (Grower 1: d0-12, Grower 2: d13-33, Grower 3: d34-53, Finisher 1: d54-74, Finisher 2: d75-slaughter). Pen BW, feed added and orts were measured at d0, 12, 33, 53, 74, biweekly thereafter, and at slaughter weight (130 kg). Warm carcasses were weighed and graded (Destron). For the overall trial (d0-74), pigs fed low NE consumed (P < 0.001) 72 g/d more feed than those fed high NE diets, but their NE intake was 1.17 MJ/d less (P < 0.001). Intake was 0.82 MJ/d greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed SE that grew 37 g/d faster (P < 0.001) than those fed CM. Dietary NE level did not affect ADG. Feed efficiency (G:F) was 0.014 kg/kg greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed high vs. low NE and 0.012 kg/kg greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed SE vs. CM diets. Dressing was 6 g/kg greater feeding high vs. low NE (P = 0.001) or SE vs. CM diets (P < 0.010). Carcass weight was 0.8 kg greater (P < 0.050) for pigs fed high vs. low NE; 1.4 kg greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed SE vs. CM diets. Pigs fed SE averaged 2.3 mm greater (P < 0.001) loin depth than those fed CM. Dietary energy level or supplemental protein source had no effect on backfat depth, pork yield or carcass index. Pigs fed CM stayed 2.6 d longer (P < 0.001) in the barn than those fed SE. In conclusion, feeding reduced NE diets to pigs did not result in major changes in growth performance. Abruptly introducing 250 g/kg CM in the grower phase diets was a challenge to pigs. Pigs fed CM never caught up to those fed more palatable, lower fibre SE likely in part because we slightly overestimated the SID AA content of CM and slightly underestimated the NE content of SE.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Smit, M.N. and Landero, J.L. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={166–176} }
 @article{landero_wang_beltranena_bench_zijlstra_2018, title={Feed preference of weaned pigs fed diets containing soybean meal, Brassica napus canola meal, or Brassica juncea canola meal}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skx052}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skx052}, abstractNote={Brassica napus and Brassica juncea canola meal (CM) may replace soybean meal (SBM) in pig diets, but differ in fiber, glucosinolates content and profile. Preference of weaned pigs provided double-choice selections to diets containing 20% SBM, B. napus CM, or B. juncea CM was evaluated in two studies. In experiment 1, 216 pigs (9.4 ± 1.6 kg initial BW) were housed in 27 pens of 8 pigs (four gilts and four barrows). In experiment 2, 144 pigs (8.9 ± 1.1 kg) were housed in 36 pens of 4 pigs (two gilts and two barrows). Pigs were offered three dietary choices: B. napus CM with SBM as reference (B. napus CM [SBM]), B. juncea CM with SBM as reference (B. juncea CM [SBM]), and B. juncea CM with B. napus CM as reference (B. juncea CM [B. napus CM]) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. Diets were formulated to provide 2.4 Mcal NE/kg and 4.5 g standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal NE and were balanced using canola oil and crystalline AA. Each pair of diets was offered in two self-feeders per pen as mash (experiment 1) or pellets (experiment 2) during three test-periods of 4-d, followed by a 3-d non-test period when a common diet was offered in both feeders. Feeders with different diets were rotated daily among pens during preference periods for both experiments, and feeder positions (right or left) were switched daily in experiment 2. Prior to the study and between periods, pigs were fed non-test diets containing SBM (experiment 1) or without test feedstuffs (experiment 2). Overall in both experiments, pigs preferred (P < 0.001) SBM over B. napus and B. juncea CM diets, and preferred (P < 0.001) B. napus over B. juncea CM diet. Dietary choice did not affect (P > 0.05) growth performance in both experiments, except for greater G:F (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the B. juncea CM [B. napus CM] diets than pigs fed the B. napus CM [SBM] or B. juncea CM [SBM] diets in experiment 1. In conclusion, weaned pigs preferred SBM over CM diets when given a choice, and preferred B. napus over the B. juncea diet that contained more total glucosinolates especially gluconapin. Weaned pigs fed the B. juncea CM [B. napus CM] diets in the double-choice selection did not reduce feed intake, weight gain, and G:F compared to pigs fed the B. napus CM [SBM] or B. juncea CM [SBM] diets.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Landero, Jose L and Wang, Li Fang and Beltranena, Eduardo and Bench, Clover J and Zijlstra, Ruurd T}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={600–611} }
 @article{landero_wang_beltranena_bench_zijlstra_2018, title={Feed preference of weaned pigs for soybean meal, Brassica napus canola meal, or Brassica juncea canola meal}, volume={39}, number={5}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Landero, J.L. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Bench, C.J. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2018}, pages={43–45} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={Feeding chickpea to weaned pigs}, volume={39}, number={3}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2018}, pages={53–55} }
 @article{landero_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={Feeding field peas to weaned pigs}, volume={40}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Landero, J.L. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2018}, pages={44–45} }
 @article{wang_zhang_beltranena_zijlstra_2018, title={Feeding hulled or hull-less barley differing in fermentable starch and fibre to weaned pigs}, volume={40}, number={1}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Wang, L.F. and Zhang, H. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2018}, pages={20–22} }
 @article{smit_zhou_landero_young_beltranena_2018, title={Hybrid rye replacing wheat grain for hogs}, volume={40}, number={1}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Smit, N.M. and Zhou, X. and Landero, J.L. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2018}, pages={33–37} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2018, title={Increasing inclusions of faba bean in laying hen diets: Effects on productivity, egg quality and carbon intensity}, booktitle={Prairie Poultry Meeting}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2018} }
 @article{tan_wang_gao_beltranena_vasanthan_zijlstra_2017, title={190 Comparative starch, fiber, and energy digestibility and characterization of undigested starch using confocal laser scanning of pulse and cereal grains in growing-finishing pigs}, volume={95}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.190}, DOI={10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.190}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Tan, F. P. and Wang, L. F. and Gao, J. and Beltranena, E. and Vasanthan, T. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={91–91} }
 @article{ruiz_luna_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2017, title={191 Nutrient digestibility of mash, steam pelleted, and extruded barley and faba bean in growing pigs}, volume={95}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.191}, DOI={10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.191}, abstractNote={The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of barley and faba bean in mash, steam pelleted, and extruded forms in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in growing pigs. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of gross energy (GE), starch, crude protein (CP), and amino acid (AA), the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and CP, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE were measured in a 7 × 7 Latin square. The 2 feedstuffs were prepared in forms of mash (2.8-mm hammer mill screen), steam pelleted (California Pellet Mill, Crawfordsville, IN), or extruded (X115, Wenger, Sabetha, KS). Seven crossbred ileal-cannulated barrows (54.3 ± 3.9 kg) were fed diets containing 96.5% of each of the 2 test feedstuffs in 3 forms and a N-free diet. Pigs were fed at 2.8 × maintenance energy (110 kcal of digestible energy (DE) per kg of body weight0.75) for seven 9-day periods (sequentially 5 day adaptation and 2 day collections of feces and digesta). Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure in SAS. The 3 faba bean and 3 barley samples contained (dry matter basis) 28.2–29.7% and 12.0–12.3% CP, 8.62–9.90% and 4.66–5.73% acid detergent fiber, and 4.37–4.39 Mcal/kg and 4.44–4.46 Mcal/kg GE, respectively. Feedstuffs and processing interacted on AID and SID of AA, AID of starch, ATTD of GE, DE and predicted net energy (NE) value. Steam-pelleting of faba bean increased the AID of CP, Ile, Leu, Met, Val, and starch by 3–12%, the SID of these AA and Phe by 3–9%, and the predicted NE value by 4%, and tended to increase the AID of GE, compared to mash. Extrusion of faba bean increased the AID of Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Val and starch by 3–10%, and the SID of these AA by 3–9%, and tended to increase the AID of GE, compared to mash. Steampelleting of barley increased the ATTD of GE by 2.0%, DE and predicted NE value compared to mash. Extrusion of barley increased the ATTD of GE by 2.4%, DE and predicted NE value compared to mash. The greater efficacy of heat processing for faba bean than barley indicates that the protein and starch matrix in faba bean is more resistant to digestion than that in barley.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Ruiz, U. S. and Luna, G. C. and Wang, L. F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={91–91} }
 @article{zhou_beltranena_zijlstra_2017, title={Apparent and true ileal and total tract digestibility of fat in canola press-cake or canola oil and effects of increasing dietary fat on amino acid and energy digestibility in growing pigs1}, volume={95}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.0757}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016.0757}, abstractNote={Digestibility of remaining oil in canola press-cake (CPC) may be lower than that of extracted, liquid canola oil (CO) because oil may be partly entrapped in the CPC matrix. To determine true digestibility of fat in ingredients, endogenous fat losses should be estimated. Dietary fat may interact with digestion of other dietary components. To test these hypotheses, 10 ileal-cannulated pigs (initial BW, 25.4 kg) were fed 10 diets for 8 periods in a 10 × 8 Youden square. A basal diet was formulated based on wheat, barley, and canola meal. The 4 CPC and 4 CO test diets were prepared by replacing identical portion of basal diet with 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% CPC, or 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, or 6.0% CO, respectively, to match the fat content of CPC diet with CO diet at each fat level. An N-free diet based on corn starch was prepared to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) were calculated for each diet. True ileal digestibility (TID) and true total tract (TTTD) digestibility of AEE in CPC and CO, and total endogenous losses of AEE were estimated by regressing apparent digestible AEE (g/kg of DMI) against dietary AEE intake (g/kg of DM) at the total tract and distal ileum, respectively. The mean AID and ATTD of AEE in CPC diets were 78.9% and 61.5%, which were lower ( < 0.01) than 81.9% and 63.4% in CO diets. Apparent ileal and total tract digestible AEE content in CPC and CO diets increased linearly ( < 0.01) with increasing AEE intake. Endogenous losses of AEE were greater ( < 0.05) for the total tract than for the ileum (23.4 vs. 9.4 g/kg of DMI). Dietary fat source did not affect ( > 0.05) total tract or ileal endogenous losses of AEE. The TID and TTTD of AEE in CPC were 92.3% and 94.5%, respectively, lower ( < 0.01) than 96.5% and 100% in CO. Increasing dietary inclusion of CO linearly increased ( < 0.001) standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP, Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, and quadratically increased ( < 0.001) the AID and ATTD of energy in the basal part of the test diets. In conclusion, CPC had lower TID and TTTD of AEE than CO. Dietary fat source did not affect endogenous losses of AEE. The lower digestibility of AEE in CPC than in CO indicates that fat digestibility of CPC should be considered to predict its nutritional value accurately. Dietary inclusion of CO may increase digestibility of CP and energy originating from the balance of the diet.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={2593–2604} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2017, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed Brassica napus canola meal varying in nutritive quality}, volume={223}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.011}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.011}, abstractNote={Canola meal (CM) is the second most fed protein source in swine production worldwide. However, nutritive quality of CM varies and may affect growth performance of pigs. To explore, 240 pigs (initial body weight: 9.6 ± 0.7 kg) were weaned at 19 ± 1 days of age and fed diets containing 200 g/kg soybean meal (SBM) or 4 Brassica napus CM samples (CM1, CM2, CM3 and CM4 selected from 4 solvent extraction plants in 3 western Canadian provinces) starting 2 weeks post-weaning for 4 weeks (day 1–28). In the 4 CM samples, crude protein (CP) ranged from 362 to 419 g/kg, acid detergent fibre from 158 to 195 g/kg and total glucosinolates from 1.13 to 7.38 μmol/g. Diets were formulated to provide 9.6 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.2 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)/MJ NE and were steam-pelleted. Comparing CM with SBM, dietary inclusion of CM decreased (P < 0.001) diet CATTD of dry matter (DM) by 0.037, of gross energy (GE) by 0.036 and of CP by 0.040, whereas digestible energy (DE) value of CM diets was maintained and predicted NE value of CM diets was increased (P = 0.027) by 0.078 MJ/kg. Among the 4 CM diets, the CATTD of DM, GE and CP did not differ, but DE and predicted NE value differed (P < 0.01). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs did not differ between CM diets and the SBM diet for each week and for the entire trial (day 1–28), but gain:feed was greater (P < 0.05) for the CM diets than the SBM diet for day 1–7 and for the entire trial. Among the 4 CM diets, ADFI and ADG differed (P < 0.05) for the entire trial. In conclusion, inclusion of 200 g CM/kg to replace SBM did not affect ADFI and ADG in weaned pigs. However, growth performance differed among CM sources indicating that quality differences among CM samples affect growth performance of pigs.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={90–98} }
 @article{le_buchet_beltranena_gerrits_zijlstra_2017, title={Digestibility and intestinal fermentability of canola meal from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs}, volume={234}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.005}, abstractNote={Yellow-seeded Brassica (B.) juncea is a novel canola species. Therefore, its meal co-product requires feed quality evaluation and comparison to conventional, dark-seeded B. napus canola meal for pigs. The B. juncea canola meal contains less fibre than B. napus canola meal (190 vs. 260 g NDF/kg, as is), but also less lysine (20.3 vs. 22.1 g/kg). Nutrient digestibility and fermentibility of B. juncea and B. napus canola meal were assessed in a 2 × 2factorial arrangement. Six ileal-cannulated pigs (47 kg BW) were fed six diets in a 6 × 6 Latin square: basal diet (460 g wheat/kg and corn starch), 4 diets with 460 g wheat/kg and either B. juncea or B. napus canola meal at 250 or 500 g/kg replacing corn starch, sugar and canola oil, and an N-free diet based on corn starch. The B. juncea canola meal had greater (P < 0.05) CATTD of gross energy than B. napus canola meal (0.70 vs. 0.63) most likely due to its lower fibre content. Ileal total VFA concentration was lower (P < 0.001) in pigs fed B. juncea than B. napus canola meal diets (15.2 vs. 20.8 μmol/g of wet digesta). In pigs fed B. juncea canola meal instead of B. napus canola meal diets, the molar ratio was greater (P < 0.01) for digesta propionate and faecal acetate, but lower (P < 0.05) for digesta and faecal butyrate. Canola meal species did not affect the CAID of gross energy, CSID of amino acid and faecal VFA content. The digestible energy (DE) value was greater (P < 0.01; 12.1 vs. 10.9 MJ/kg, standardised to 100 g/kg moisture) for B. juncea than B. napus canola meal. Increasing dietary inclusion of canola meal up to 500 g/kg reduced (P < 0.01) diet digestibility of gross energy but not amino acids and decreased (P < 0.05) intestinal fermentability of B. napus but not B. juncea. In conclusion, B. juncea canola meal had greater fermentability and ATTD of gross energy than B. napus canola meal, but digestibility of amino acids did not differ. Increasing dietary inclusion of canola meal up to 500 g/kg reduced digestibility of gross energy but not digestibility of AA. Fermentability of B. napus canola meal but not B. juncea canola meal decreased in the pig intestine with increased dietary inclusion. Hence, yellow-seeded B. juncea canola meal had a greater DE value, similar amino acid digestibility as conventional dark-seed B. napus canola meal and may limit protein fermentation in the pig intestine.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Le, M.H.A. and Buchet, A.D.G. and Beltranena, E. and Gerrits, W.J.J. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={43–53} }
 @article{woyengo_beltranena_zijlstra_2017, title={Effect of anti-nutritional factors of oilseed co-products on feed intake of pigs and poultry}, volume={233}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.006}, abstractNote={Soybean, canola, camelina and flaxseed co-products from the oilseed industry are used to formulate pig and poultry feeds. However, these co-products contain various anti-nutritional factors (ANF). The major ANF in soybean and potentially co-products is trypsin inhibitor (TI). Pigs and poultry can tolerate TI levels up to 3.00 and 4.00 TIU/mg in the diet, respectively. Solvent-extracted soybean meal has low TI activity (<14.0 TIU/mg); most TI is destroyed during the desolventising-toasting stage of oil extraction. Thus, inclusion of soybean meal in diets for pigs and poultry does not affect feed intake and nutrient utilization. However, soybean or expeller-pressed soybean co-products can contain considerable amounts of TI (>50.0 TIU/mg), implying that the raw soybean or expeller-pressed soybean co-products should be sufficiently heated to inactivate most of the TI before feeding. The major ANF in canola co-products are glucosinolates. Poultry and pigs can tolerate up to 2.00 and 2.50 μmol/g of glucosinolates in their diets. Total glucosinolate content in most canola co-products is moderate (<10 μmol/g). Thus, while co-products from modern canola cultivars do not affect feed intake, dietary inclusion of original canola co-products (with total glucosinolate content of ≤35 μmol/g) reduced feed intake of grow-finish pigs by 80 g/day and of broiler chickens in the starter phase by 4 g/day. Glucosinolates and TI are the major ANF in camelina co-products. In camelina co-products, total glucosinolate content ranged from 34.4 to 36.3 μmol/g and TI activity from 12 to 28 TIU/mg. Camelina co-products are not solvent-extracted and thus have high TI activity. Dietary inclusion of camelina co-products reduced feed intake of broiler chickens in the starter phase by 3.4 g/day. Cyanogenic glucosides are the major ANF in flaxseed co-products. Flaxseed meal contained 127 mg cyanogenic glucoside/kg. Dietary inclusion of flaxseed meal reduced feed intake by poultry by 3.4 g/day. In conclusion, soybean, canola, camelina and flaxseed co-products contain various ANF that reduce feed intake by pigs and poultry.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={76–86} }
 @article{smit_beltranena_2017, title={Effects of feeding camelina cake to weaned pigs on safety, growth performance, and fatty acid composition of pork1}, volume={95}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.1265}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016.1265}, abstractNote={Feeding cake with remaining oil contributes dietary energy (fat) in addition to protein (AA) and may provide an opportunity to enrich the n-3 fatty acid content of pork. Information regarding safety, growth performance, and efficacy of feeding camelina cake to pigs is limited. We therefore evaluated the effects of camelina cake inclusion in pig nursery diets. In total, 192 pigs (9.4 kg BW) were randomly allocated by sex to 48 pens, 2 heavy and 2 light pigs per pen. Pigs were fed 1 of 4 wheat-based diets including camelina cake (0%, 6%, 12%, or 18%; variety Celine) replacing soybean meal for 4 wk. Individual pigs, pen feed added, and orts were weighed weekly. Feces were collected on d 26 and 27. A blood sample was taken on d 29 from 24 pigs with the lowest BW/pen, which were then euthanized and necropsied. Gross pathological examination was conducted, and organ weights were measured. Samples of liver, back fat, belly fat, and jowl fat were collected for fatty acid analysis. Increasing dietary camelina cake inclusion linearly decreased ( 0.001) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, GE and ash but did not affect ATTD of CP and P. For the entire trial (d 0 to 28), increasing camelina cake inclusion by 6% linearly decreased ( 0.001) ADFI by 74 g/d, ADG by 51 g/d, and BW by 0.8 kg but did not affect feed efficiency (G:F). Increasing camelina cake inclusion linearly increased ( 0.001) liver weight relative to BW, linearly decreased ( 0.050) kidney weight, but did not affect spleen, heart, and thyroid weights. Increasing camelina cake inclusion did not result in serological (large-animal standard panel, T3, and T4) or gross clinical (morphology) findings that might suggest toxicity. In liver, back fat, belly fat, and jowl fat, increasing dietary camelina cake inclusion linearly increased ( 0.050) total n-3 fatty acids and shorter-chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids but did not increase docosahexaenoic acid (n-3) or arachidonic acid (n-6). In conclusion, feeding camelina cake to weaned pigs at up to 18% did not elicit clinical signs of toxicity and increased n-3 fatty acids in carcass fat depots. The decrease in ADFI as camelina cake inclusion increased resulted in pigs fed 18% weighing 5 kg less than controls at the end of the nursery period.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Smit, M. N. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={2496–2508} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2017, title={Feed nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed canola meal varying in nutrient quality}, volume={38}, number={5}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2017}, pages={46–48} }
 @article{smit_landero_young_beltranena_2017, title={Feeding canola meal or soy expeller at two feed energy levels to growout hogs}, volume={39}, number={1}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Smit, M.N. and Landero, J.L. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2017}, pages={24–27} }
 @article{zhou_beltranena_wang_zijlstra_2017, title={Feeding lower than typical nutrient dense diets based on barley or wheat grain to weaned pigs}, volume={38}, number={3}, journal={Canadian Hog Journal}, author={Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Wang, L.F. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2017}, pages={48–50} }
 @article{smit_beltranena_2017, title={Increasing dietary inclusions of camelina cake fed to pigs from weaning to slaughter: Safety, growth performance, carcass traits, and n-3 enrichment of pork1}, volume={95}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.1308}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016.1308}, abstractNote={Feeding cake with remaining oil content not only provides additional dietary energy but may also enrich pork with -3 fatty acids. Limited information is available on feeding camelina cake to pigs relating to feeding safety (toxicity), growth performance, and efficacy of -3 enrichment of pork. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of feeding increasing camelina cake (12.2% crude fat) inclusions in diets for nursery and grower-finisher pigs. In total, 128 pigs (9.2 kg BW) were randomly allocated by sex to 32 nursery pens for 4 wk and were then moved and combined into 16 mixed-sex grower-finisher pens. Pigs were fed 1 of 4 wheat/barley-based diets including camelina variety 'Celine' cake (0%, 6%, 12%, or 18% in the nursery phase and 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% in the grower-finisher phase) replacing soybean meal over 5 feeding phases (d 0 to 7, d 7 to 28, d 28 to 56, d 56 to 84, and d 84 to slaughter). Individual pigs and pen feed added were weighed. On d 106, a blood sample was collected from the pig with the lowest BW per pen, which was then euthanized. A pathologist conducted a gross clinical examination, and organs were weighed. Liver, back fat, and belly and jowl fat were sampled for fatty acid analysis. Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 125 kg BW. Increasing dietary camelina cake inclusion linearly decreased ( < 0.010) ADFI, ADG, BW, and G:F over the 105-d trial. Increasing dietary camelina cake inclusion linearly increased days to slaughter ( < 0.001) and carcass lean yield ( < 0.010) and linearly decreased farm ship weight ( < 0.010), carcass weight ( < 0.001), dressing percentage ( < 0.050), and back fat thickness ( < 0.010) but did not affect loin depth and index. Increasing camelina cake inclusion linearly increased liver and pancreas weight ( < 0.050) relative to BW but did not affect heart, thyroid, or kidney weights. Increasing camelina cake inclusion did not result in gross clinical or serological findings that would indicate toxicity. Increasing dietary camelina cake inclusion linearly increased ( < 0.050) -3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid, in back fat and belly and jowl fat. In conclusion, feeding camelina cake to pigs at up to 18% in the nursery phase and 15% in the grower, developer, and finisher phases did not result in clinical signs of toxicity and enriched carcass fat depots with -3 fatty acids. The observed decrease in ADFI and, consequently, ADG as camelina cake inclusion increased resulted in pigs fed 15% reaching slaughter weight 27 d later than controls.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Smit, M. N. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={2952–2967} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2017, title={Nutrient digestibility of chickpea in ileal-cannulated finisher pigs and diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed chickpea-based diets}, volume={234}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.004}, abstractNote={In 2 studies, ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA), energy value of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and effects of increasing dietary inclusion of chickpea on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance were evaluated. In Exp. 1, 6 ileal-cannulated barrows (89.9 kg BW) were fed diets containing 965 or 812.5 g chickpea (Kabuli type; mix of cultivars CDC Frontier, CDC Orion, CDC Luna and CDC Leader)/kg in a crossover design. Chickpea contained 213 g crude protein (CP), 328 g starch, 88 g crude fat, 125 g total dietary fibre, 12.9 g chemically available lysine, 5.2 g trypsin inhibitory activity and 4 g tannin per kg (as-is basis). For chickpea, coefficients of standardised ileal digestibility were 0.660 for CP and 0.717 for lysine, the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of gross energy (GE) was 0.623, the apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of GE was 0.886, the digestible energy (DE) value was 15.8 MJ/kg (as fed) and the predicted net energy (NE) value was 11.3 MJ/kg. In Exp. 2, 320 pigs (initial BW: 9.6 kg), weaned at 20 ± 1 days of age, were fed diets containing 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 g chickpea/kg in substitution for up to 200 g soybean meal and 100 g wheat grain/kg for 3 weeks starting 2 weeks post-weaning. Steam-pelleted diets were formulated to provide 9.8 MJ NE/kg and 1.2 g standardised ileal digestible lysine/MJ NE. Increasing chickpea inclusion quadratically increased (P < 0.001) diet CATTD of dry matter and GE by up to 0.024, diet DE by up to 0.6 MJ/kg and predicted diet NE value by up to 0.4 MJ/kg, but quadratically decreased (P < 0.001) CATTD of CP by up to 0.046. Overall (day 0–21), increasing chickpea quadratically increased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), quadratically increased then decreased (P < 0.001) average daily gain (ADG) and quadratically decreased (P < 0.001) feed efficiency (G:F) and final BW. Pigs fed diet containing 150 g chickpea/kg had increased (P < 0.01) ADFI by 65 g/d and ADG by 53 g/d while maintaining G:F compared with pigs fed a diet without chickpea. In conclusion, chickpea in the present study had DE and NE similar to reported values, but had a lower CSID of AA than reported. Dietary inclusion of up to 300 g chickpea/kg did not affect feed intake in weaned pigs. Maximum growth and feed efficiency were attained at 150 g chickpea/kg diet fed to weaned pigs.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={205–216} }
 @article{beltranena_2017, title={There’s more to pulses as feed ingredient than protein}, journal={Alberta Pulse Growers Newsletter}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2017}, month={Mar} }
 @article{han_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={197 Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed chickpea}, volume={94}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/msasas2016-197}, DOI={10.2527/msasas2016-197}, abstractNote={Using alternative feedstuffs to replace soybean meal (SBM) and cereal grains in swine diets is economically important for pork producers. Chickpea may serve as an alternative source of protein and energy; however, little information is available regarding its dietary inclusion for weaned pigs. The effects of increasing dietary inclusion of chickpea by substituting SBM and wheat grain on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of young pigs were evaluated. Three hundred pigs (initial body weight 9.6 kg) weaned at 20 ± 1 d of age and housed in pens with 4 pigs were involved. Pigs were fed a SBM diet or diets with 7.5, 15, 22.5, or 30% Kabuli chickpea in substitution for up to 20% SBM and 10% wheat grain for 3 wk starting 2 wk postweaning. The chickpea sample contained (DM basis) 23.9% CP, 4.7% ADF, 5.2 mg/g trypsin inhibitor activity, and 0.4% tannin. Diets were formulated to provide 2.34 Mcal NE/ kg and 5.1 g standard ileal digestible (SID) Lys/Mcal NE and were steam-pelleted. Increasing dietary inclusion of chickpea quadratically increased (P < 0.001) diet apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and GE by up to 2.5%-units, quadratically increased (P < 0.001) DE and predicted NE value by up to 0.13 and 0.21 Mcal/kg, respectively, but quadratically reduced (P < 0.001) ATTD of CP by 4.6%-units. Overall (d 1–21), increasing dietary chickpea quadratically increased (P < 0.05) ADFI, quadratically increased then decreased (P < 0.001) ADG, and quadratically decreased (P < 0.001) G:F and final BW. Pigs fed 15% chickpea had increased ADFI by 66 g/d and ADG by 55 g/d, but similar G:F and increased final body weight compared with pigs fed diet with 0% chickpea. In conclusion, increasing inclusion of up to 30% chickpea in diets for weaned pigs reduced growth performance. Dietary inclusion of 15% chickpea increased feed intake and growth performance of weaned pigs and sustained feed efficiency.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Han, Y. and Wang, L. F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={93–93} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={224 Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed canola meal samples varying in nutritive quality}, volume={94}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/msasas2016-224}, DOI={10.2527/msasas2016-224}, abstractNote={Canola meal (CM) is a supplemental protein feedstuff for swine, but its nutritive quality varies more than SBM. The implications of variation in CM quality on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs are unclear. Thus, 240 pigs (BW, 9.6 kg; 4 pigs/pen) were weaned at 19 d of age and were fed a 20% SBM diet or 4 diets containing 20% CM solvent-extracted from common dark-seeded Brassica napus starting 2 wk postweaning for 4 wk (d 1–28). The 4 CM samples were sourced from 4 crushing plants in Western Canada and contained (DM-basis) 39.7–46.2% CP, 3.4–4.1% ether extract, 17.5–21.4% ADF, and 1.2–8.0 µmoles/g total glucosinolates. Pelleted wheat-based diets were formulated to provide 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g standard ileal digestible (SID) Lys/Mcal NE. Inclusion of CM instead of SBM reduced (P < 0.001) diet apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM by 3.7%-units, of GE by 3.6%-units, and of CP by 4.0%-units. The DE value of CM diets was similar to, but their predicted NE value was 0.02 Mcal/kg greater (P = 0.027) than that of the SBM diet. Among the 4 CM diets, ATTD of DM, GE, and CP did not differ. Growth performance of pigs fed the 4 CM diets did not differ from pigs fed SBM except for greater (P < 0.05) G:F for d 1–7 and for the entire trial. Among the 4 CM diets, ADFI (973–1047 g/d) and ADG (650–686 g/d) differed (P < 0.05) for the entire trial. However, G:F did not differ among the 4 CM diets for the entire trial. In conclusion, inclusion of 20% CM from 4 crushing plants to replace SBM did not reduce feed intake, weight gain, or feed efficiency in weaned pigs indicating that variation in nutritive quality among the 4 Brassica napus CM samples did not affect growth performance of young pigs.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Wang, L. F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={105–106} }
 @article{le thanh_zhou_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={226 Amino acid digestibility of five samples of canola meal fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs}, volume={94}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/msasas2016-226}, DOI={10.2527/msasas2016-226}, abstractNote={Canola meal (CM) is an alternative for soybean meal (SBM), but CM quality varies among crushing plants. An 8 × 8 Latin square was conducted feeding 8 ileal-cannulated grower pigs (32 kg initial BW) to evaluate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in 5 Brassica napus CM samples from 5 Western Canadian crushing plants. Pigs were fed 8 diets (SBM, 5 CM samples, basal, and N-free). For SBM and CM diets, 40% of test feedstuff sample was mixed with 60% barley and wheat-based basal diet. Pigs were fed diets at 2.8 × maintenance (110 kcal of DE per kg of BW0.75) divided into equal 2 meals daily offered at 8:00 and 15:00 for eight 9-d periods. Digesta was collected on d 8 and 9. The SID of CP and AA was determined by subtracting basal endogenous AA losses. On DM basis, the SBM and 5 CM samples contained 51 and 39–45% CP; 7 and 24–27% NDF; and 4.70 and 4.73–4.82 Mcal/kg GE, respectively. The SID of Lys, other indispensable AA (except His), dispensable AA (except Glu) was greater (P < 0.05) for SBM than for the 5 CM samples. Among the 5 CM samples, the SID of Lys ranged from 75 to 80% (P < 0.05), of Thr from 70 to 76% (P < 0.05), and of Met from 82 to 86% (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the SID of most AA was lower in CM than in SBM likely due to the greater fiber content in CM. The SID of AA differed among the 5 CM samples, but could not be associated to changes in chemical composition. The range in quality of CM is sufficient to warrant establishment of rapid quality evaluation measurements to predict AA quality of CM.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Le Thanh, B. V. and Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={106–107} }
 @article{zijlstra_fouhse_beltranena_le_gaenzle_2016, title={269 Use of dietary carbohydrates as prebiotic in swine diets}, volume={94}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/msasas2016-269}, DOI={10.2527/msasas2016-269}, abstractNote={Using dietary antibiotics as growth promotant will be reduced; thus, dietary alternatives are being investigated. Dietary carbohydrates include oligosaccharides, starch, and fiber (non-starch polysaccharides) and these may be part of a toolkit to manage gut health in pigs. Antibiotics are hypothesized to control gut health via manipulations of intestinal microbial profiles but may also reduce intestinal inflammation. Oligosaccharides may be rapidly fermented and thereby influence intestinal microbial profiles and metabolite production. Specific exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus reuteri may serve as scavenger molecules for pathogenic bacteria, e.g., enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), to bind to instead of adhering to the gut wall, thereby avoiding diarrhea initiation by ETEC. Starch is mostly digested and absorbed as glucose; however, resistant starch is not digested but fermented. Resistant starch acts as fiber but is unique, because it 1) specifically increases digesta content of bifidobacteria that have been associated with improved gut health and 2) is completely fermented within the gut. Sources of fiber differ in their 2 key characteristics: viscosity and fermentability. Increased viscosity has been associated with increased gut content of virulence factors that are linked with diarrhea. Increased kinetics of fiber fermentation is associated with changes in microbial profiles and increased metabolite production. Recently, microbial composition was hypothesized to be less important and the focus should be on their combined output of metabolites. Raw materials and prebiotic feed additives both influence kinetics of fermentation and have prebiotic activity. Their kinetics of fermentation should be quantified so that it can be included in feed formulation. In conclusion, dietary carbohydrates via their prebiotics activity are part of the solution to remove antibiotics as growth promotant from swine diets.}, number={suppl_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zijlstra, R. T. and Fouhse, J. M. and Beltranena, E. and Le, A. M. H. and Gaenzle, M. G.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={127–127} }
 @article{bench_oryschak_korver_beltranena_2016, title={Behaviour, Growth Performance, Foot Pad Quality, Bone Density and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chickens Reared with Barrier Perches and fed Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels}, volume={97}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0202}, DOI={10.1139/cjas-2015-0202}, abstractNote={Abstract Perches serve as a behavioural enrichment and may yield benefits on broiler foot health and growth performance. The benefit may be greater for birds fed high crude protein (HCP) diets, which results in poorer litter conditions. This study investigated the effect of two perch configurations (I shaped vs. X shaped, compared with no perch) and dietary crude protein (CP) level (standard vs. high) on behaviour, foot pad health, bone density, growth performance, and carcass traits of broilers raised to 35 d of age. Perch configuration did not affect body weight (BW) at day 35 or overall average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F). Likewise, there was no effect of perch provision independent of CP level for any carcass variable. Feeding standard CP (SCP) level resulted in greater bone density, carcass weight, and dressing percentage but lower breast, wing, and total edible meat yield. We confirmed that greater litter moisture (16%) related to excess dietary CP (13%) caused footpad dermatitis in broilers trending from 3 wk old to significant at 27 and 35 d of age. Provision of barrier perches did not reprieve from litter contact (perching), although more focal birds were observed resting against them and did not affect growth performance, bone density, or carcass traits.}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Bench, Clover and Oryschak, Matt and Korver, Doug R. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={268–280} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed sugar beet pulp}, volume={211}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.005}, abstractNote={Dietary inclusion of fibrous alternative feedstuffs in swine diets to replace cereal grains can be economically important for pork producers; however, limits for young pigs to ingest high-fibre diets are not well established. The effects of increasing inclusion of sugar beet pulp (SBP) by substituting wheat grain on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of young pigs were evaluated. In total, 220 pigs (initial body weight 7.5 kg) were fed Phase 1 diets for 2 weeks (day 1–14) starting 1 week after weaning at 19 days of age and sequentially Phase 2 diets for 3 weeks (day 15–35). Five pelleted wheat-based diets including 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 g SBP/kg were fed. The SBP contained (as-fed) 90 g crude protein (CP) and 249 g acid detergent fibre (ADF)/kg. Phase 1 and 2 diets were formulated to provide 9.6 and 9.4 MJ NE/kg and 1.3 and 1.2 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) Lys/MJ NE, respectively. Diets were balanced for NE by increasing canola oil from 5 to 50 g/kg for Phase 1 and 2 diets and for AA by increasing crystalline AA. Increasing dietary inclusion of SBP up to 240 g/kg increased ADF content of diets to 101 g/kg, linearly reduced (P < 0.001) apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of gross energy (GE) by 0.04 and of CP by 0.08 feeding Phase 1 diets, quadratically reduced (P < 0.001) CATTD of GE by 0.01 and linearly reduced (P < 0.001) CATTD of CP by 0.06 feeding Phase 2 diets. Increasing inclusion of SBP up to 240 g/kg linearly reduced (P < 0.001) calculated diet NE value by 0.35 MJ/kg in Phase 1 and quadratically increased (P < 0.001) calculated diet NE value by 0.29 MJ/kg in Phase 2. Increasing inclusion of SBP quadratically reduced ADFI (P < 0.05) for day 29–35 and linearly reduced average daily gain (ADG; P < 0.05) for day 15–35. The G:F was linearly increased (P < 0.05) for day 1–7, linearly reduced (P = 0.01) for day 15–21 and quadratically reduced (P < 0.05) for day 15–28. Overall (day 1–35), increasing dietary inclusion of SBP up to 240 g/kg linearly reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG by 46 g/d, quadratically reduced (P < 0.01) G:F and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) final BW at day 35 by 1.1 kg. However, growth performance did not differ (P > 0.05) between pigs fed diets containing 0 or 60 g SBP/kg. In conclusion, weaned pigs maintained growth performance with diets containing 65 g ADF/kg, but not for diets containing up to 101 g ADF/kg.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={145–152} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)}, volume={218}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.005}, abstractNote={Biofuel co-products such as wheat distillers dried grains and solubles (DDGS) are used increasingly in swine feed to reduce feed cost. Wheat DDGS is rich in protein and phosphorus, thus may replace soybean meal (SBM) in swine diets. To explore, the effects of increasing inclusion of wheat DDGS by substituting SBM on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of young pigs were evaluated. In total, 160 pigs (initial BW: 12.5 ± 1.8 kg) were involved in a 3-week trial. Five pelleted wheat-based diets including 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 g wheat DDGS/kg in substitution for up to 200 g SBM/kg were fed. Diets were formulated to provide 9.8 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.16 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE. Diets were balanced for NE by increasing canola oil inclusion and for amino acids (AA) by increasing crystalline AA. Each 50 g/kg increase in dietary inclusion of wheat DDGS linearly reduced (P < 0.001) the apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of dry matter (DM) by 0.008, of gross energy (GE) by 0.009 and of crude protein (CP) by 0.010. Increasing wheat DDGS quadratically decreased (P = 0.01) diet digestible energy (DE) value and quadratically decreased then increased (P = 0.01) diet calculated NE value. Increasing wheat DDGS did not affect average daily feed intake (ADFI) overall or for any week, but linearly decreased (P < 0.01) feed efficiency (G:F) for day 1–7. For the entire trial (day 1–21), each 50 g/kg increase of dietary inclusion of wheat DDGS up to 200 g/kg linearly reduced (P < 0.05) ADG by 8.5 g/d and G:F by 0.007. In conclusion, weaned pigs fed diets with increasing inclusion of up to 200 g wheat DDGS/kg and supplemental AA to replace SBM had reduced G:F due to reduced ADG, but maintained feed intake.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={26–32} }
 @article{zhou_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Effect of feeding wheat- or barley-based diets with low or and high nutrient density on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs}, volume={218}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.011}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.011}, abstractNote={Barley grain is commonly fed to growing-finishing pigs as the major cereal feed energy source in western Canada. However, its nutritional value for weaned pigs is poorly characterized. Formulating low nutrient dense diets may reduce feed cost. Weaned pigs may be able to maintain growth performance by adjusting feed intake to meet nutrient requirement. Four diets based on either 644 g wheat/kg or 676 g barley/kg with either 9.63 or 10.0 MJ net energy (NE)/kg were fed to 208 weaned pigs (9.0 kg) as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 13 replicate pens per diet. Diets were formulated to have 1.07 g standardised ileal digestible lysine/MJ NE and were fed for 21 days. Feed added, feed remaining and pig body weight were measured weekly to calculate pen average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F). Faeces were collected to calculate diet apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP). Compared with wheat-based diets, feeding barley-based diets reduced (P < 0.001) ATTD of DM, GE and CP by 2.7, 3.0 and 4.4%, respectively. Compared with high nutrient density (ND) diets, feeding low ND diets reduced (P < 0.001) ATTD of DM, GE and CP by 2.6, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. For the entire trial (day 0–21), feeding barley increased (P < 0.001) ADG by 41.2 g/d and G:F by 0.04 compared with feeding wheat but did not affect ADFI (P > 0.05). Diet ND did not affect (P > 0.05) ADFI, ADG or G:F. In conclusion, feeding barley as cereal energy for weaned pigs instead of wheat grain may increase growth performance. Reducing dietary NE value by 0.37 MJ/kg while maintaining the SID AA content/NE ratio did not affect growth performance in weaned pigs.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={93–99} }
 @article{zhou_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Effects of feeding canola press-cake on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs}, volume={211}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.001}, abstractNote={Canola press-cake (CPC) is a co-product of biodiesel production from small to medium-scale processing plants that mechanically press canola seed without pre-pressing conditioning, flaking, cooking and post-pressing solvent extraction. The CPC contains 370 g/kg CP and 204 g/kg remaining oil. Thus, CPC could be a source of AA and energy in pig diets. Growth responses to increasing dietary CPC inclusion have not been extensively evaluated in young pigs. In total, 240 pigs (7.5 ± 0.31 kg) starting 1 week after weaning at 19 d of age were fed five wheat-based diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 g/kg CPC replacing soybean meal in two phases (Phase 1 and 2). Diets were formulated to contain 10.3 and 10.1 MJ NE/kg and 1.2 and 1.0 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) Lys/MJ NE, respectively, and were fed for 2 weeks as Phase 1 (day 0–14) and 3 weeks as Phase 2 (day 15–35). Feed added and remaining and individual pigs were weighed weekly to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) per pen (four pigs per pen). Freshly-voided faeces were collected on day 12 and 13 and day 33 and 34 for Phase 1 and 2, respectively, to determine diet apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) value. Increasing dietary inclusion of CPC linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the CATTD of GE, diet DE and calculated NE values for Phase 1 and 2. Increasing dietary inclusion of CPC did not affect overall (d 0–35) ADFI and ADG of pigs, but quadratically reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI for day 29–35, linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG for day 15–21 and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) ADG for day 29–35. Increasing CPC inclusion linearly increased (P < 0.05) G:F for the overall trial and day 15–21 and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) G:F for day 8–14. In conclusion, feeding up to 200 g/kg of CPC reduced CATTD of GE and CP, but did not affect overall growth performance of weaned pigs fed phase diets balanced for NE and SID Lys/NE ratio.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={208–215} }
 @article{le_galle_yang_landero_beltranena_gänzle_zijlstra_2016, title={Effects of feeding fermented wheat with Lactobacillus reuteri on gut morphology, intestinal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in weaned pigs1}, volume={94}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016-0693}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-0693}, abstractNote={Feeding fermented feed to weaned pigs may improve nutrient digestibility and gut health and thereby reduce diarrhea incidence. Effects of feeding wheat grain fermented for 24 h with were evaluated with 36 weaned pigs (7.3 kg BW). Fermented wheat grain contained (DM basis) 14.2% CP, 0.45% chemically available Lys, and 7.8% NDF, whereas unfermented wheat grain contained 16.4% CP, 0.45% chemically available Lys, and 9.9% NDF. Pigs were fed 6 mash wheat-based diets balanced for water content during 2 phases: Phase 1 diets for 1 wk (d 0-7) with 20% unfermented or fermented wheat and, subsequently, Phase 2 diets for 2 wk (d 8-21) with 50% unfermented or fermented wheat. The 6 diets were unfermented wheat (CTRL), unfermented and chemically acidified wheat (ACD), fermented wheat with TMW1.656 and 10% sucrose, fermented wheat with TMW1.656 and 5% glucose + 5% fructose, fermented wheat with LTH5794 and 10% sucrose, and fermented wheat with LTH5794 and 5% glucose + 5% fructose. Diets were formulated to provide 2.5 and 2.4 Mcal NE/kg and 5.3 and 5.0 g standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal NE for Phase 1 and 2 diets, respectively. Feeding fermented wheat reduced ( < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of diet DM (84.7 vs. 85.4%), GE (84.4 vs. 85.3%), and CP (81.8 vs. 83.6%) for d 15 through 21 compared with the CTRL and ACD diets. Weaned pigs fed fermented wheat diets had lower ( < 0.05) ADFI than pigs fed the CTRL and ACD diets for d 0 through 7. The ADFI, ADG, and G:F did not differ between pigs fed fermented and unfermented diets. Concentrations of acetic, propionic, and branched-chain fatty acids and total VFA in feces increased ( < 0.05) for pigs fed fermented wheat diets containing exopolysaccharides (EPS). However, VFA did not differ in ileal digesta. Villus height in the duodenum and jejunum increased in pigs fed fermented wheat without EPS ( < 0.05) compared with pigs fed fermented wheat with EPS. However, pigs fed the CTRL and ACD diets had longer ( < 0.05) villi and deeper crypts in the ileum than pigs fed fermented wheat. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth did not differ in the 3 segments of small intestine of weaned pigs. In conclusion, feeding fermented wheat grain diets to weaned pigs did not affect gut morphology, intestinal fermentation, growth performance, and ATTD of nutrients; however, EPS stimulated hindgut fermentation and may promote health benefits.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Le, M. H. A. and Galle, S. and Yang, Y. and Landero, J. L. and Beltranena, E. and Gänzle, M. G. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={4677–4687} }
 @article{nasir_wang_young_swift_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Feeding barley to starter pigs}, volume={37}, number={4}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Nasir, Z. and Wang, L.F. and Young, M.G. and Swift, M.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, pages={48–50} }
 @article{zhou_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Feeding canola press-cake to starter pigs}, volume={37}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, pages={54–56} }
 @article{smit_landero_young_beltranena_2016, title={Feeding diets with reduced net energy level to growing-finishing barrows and gilts}, volume={97}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2016-0045}, DOI={10.1139/cjas-2016-0045}, abstractNote={Abstract: We evaluated feeding reduced net energy (NE) levels to growing–finishing pigs. In a 2 × 4 factorial, 1008 pigs (29 kg) housed in 48 pens of 21 barrows or gilts were fed 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, or 2.1 Mcal NE kg-1 diets over five growth phases resulting in six pens per NE level × gender. For the entire trial, reducing NE by 0.1 Mcal kg-1 linearly increased (P < 0.001) average daily feed intake by 43 g and linearly decreased (P < 0.001) caloric intake by 0.12 Mcal d-1 and feed efficiency (G:F) by 0.007 Mcal kg-1; average daily weight gain was not affected. The proportion of pigs remaining in pens after the start of shipping for slaughter (day 78) was greatest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 2.1 Mcal NE kg-1, but days to target slaughter weight (124 kg) did not differ. Carcass backfat, loin depth, lean yield, index, and carcass lean gain were not affected by NE. Reduced NE diets (≤2.3 Mcal NE kg-1) can therefore be fed to growing–finishing pigs instead of traditional energy levels (≥2.4 Mcal NE kg-1) as long as pigs can increase feed intake to compensate for reduced NE density.}, number={1}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Smit, Miranda Nicolette and Landero, José Luis and Young, Malachy Gabriel and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={30–41} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Feeding wheat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to weaned pigs}, volume={38}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, pages={56–58} }
 @article{woyengo_jha_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of canola co-products simulate their digestion in the pig intestine}, volume={10}, ISSN={1751-7311}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115002566}, DOI={10.1017/S1751731115002566}, abstractNote={Canola co-products are sources of amino acid and energy in pig feeds, but their fermentation characteristics in the pig intestine are unknown. Thus, we determined the in vitro fermentation characteristics of the canola co-products Brassica juncea solvent-extracted canola meal (JSECM), Brassica napus solvent-extracted canola meal (NSECM), B. napus expeller-pressed canola meal (NEPCM) and B. napus cold-pressed canola cake (NCPCC) in comparison with soybean meal (SBM). Samples were hydrolysed in two steps using pepsin and pancreatin. Subsequently, residues were incubated in a buffer solution with fresh pig faeces as inocula for 72 h to measure gas production. Concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) per gram of dry matter (DM) of feedstuff was measured in fermented solutions. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent hindgut fermentation (AHF) of gross energy (GE) for feedstuffs were obtained from pigs fed the same feedstuffs. On DM basis, SBM, JSECM, NSECM, NEPCM and NCPCC contained 15, 19, 22, 117 and 231 g/kg ether extract; and 85, 223, 306, 208 and 176 g/kg NDF, respectively. In vitro digestibility of DM (IVDDM) of SBM (82.3%) was greater (P<0.05) than that of JSECM (68.5%), NSECM (63.4%), NEPCM (67.5%) or NCPCC (69.8%). The JSECM had greater (P<0.05) IVDDM than NSECM. The IVDDM for NSECM was lower (P<0.05) than that for NEPCM, which was lower (P<0.05) than that for NCPCC. Similarly, AID of GE was greatest for SBM followed by NCPCC, JSECM, NEPCM and then NSECM. Total VFA production for SBM (0.73 mmol/g) was lower (P<0.05) than that of JSECM (1.38 mmol/g) or NSECM (1.05 mmol/g), but not different from that of NEPCM (0.80 mmol/g) and NCPCC (0.62 mmol/g). Total VFA production of JSECM was greater (P<0.05) than that of NSECM. Total VFA production of NSECM was greater (P<0.05) than that of NEPCM or NCPCC, which differed (P<0.05). The ranking of feedstuffs for total VFA production was similar to AHF of GE. In conclusion, in vitro fermentation characteristics of canola co-products and SBM simulated their fermentation in the small and large intestine of pigs, respectively. The 30% greater VFA production for JSECM than NSECM due to lower lignified fibre of JSECM indicates that fermentation characteristics differ between canola species. The NSECM had the highest fermentability followed by NEPCM and then NCPCC, indicating that fat in canola co-products can limit their fermentability in the hindgut.}, number={6}, journal={Animal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, pages={911–918} }
 @article{woyengo_sánchez_yáñez_beltranena_cervantes_morales_zijlstra_2016, title={Nutrient digestibility of canola co-products for grower pigs}, volume={222}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.009}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to determine the coefficient of standardized ileal digestibility (CSID) of amino acids (AA) and calculate net energy (NE) for 4 canola co-products namely: Brassica (B.) juncea canola meal and B. napus canola meal, B. napus expeller and B. napus press-cake for growing pigs. From canola seed, the co-product meal is from solvent extraction, expeller from expelling after conditioning and press-cake from pressing without conditioning. Five ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 65.7 kg) were fed 5 diets in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Five diets were maize starch-based diets with one of each of 4 canola co-products as sole source of protein and an N-free diet. The CSID of AA for diets was calculated using the N-free diet. Amino acid digestibility was determined by the direct method, whereas gross energy (GE) digestibility of test feedstuffs was determined by difference from the N-free diet. On as is basis, B. juncea canola meal and B. napus canola meal, expeller and press-cake contained 381, 384, 391 and 248 g/kg crude protein; 19.9, 21.4, 22.6 and 13.8 g/kg lysine; 24.6, 28.5, 104 and 313 g/kg ether extract and 183, 261, 231 and 182 g/kg neutral detergent fibre, respectively. The CSID of lysine, coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) and calculated NE value were greater (P < 0.05) for B. juncea canola meal than for B. napus canola meal (0.79 vs. 0.72, 0.79 vs. 0.67, 9.7 vs. 8.3 MJ/kg; respectively). The CSID of lysine for B. napus canola meal (0.72) and B. napus canola press-cake (0.68) did not differ, but was lower (P < 0.05) than that for B. napus canola expeller (0.80). The CATTD of GE for B. napus canola meal (0.67) and B. napus canola press-cake (0.64) did not differ, but was lower (P < 0.05) than that for B. napus canola expeller (0.74). However, the calculated NE value for B. napus canola press-cake (10.9 MJ/kg) was greater (P < 0.05) than that for B. napus canola expeller (10.5 MJ/kg), but both were greater (P < 0.05) than that for B. napus canola meal (8.3 MJ/kg DM). In conclusion, B. juncea canola meal had greater CSID of AA and calculated NE value than B. napus canola meal, indicating that B. juncea canola meal can contribute more dietary digestible AA and energy to the pig than B. napus canola meal. Differences in CATTD of GE, NE value and CSID of AA data among B. napus canola co-products indicate that method of oil extraction from canola seed can affect energy and AA availability in the resulting canola co-products.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Sánchez, J.E. and Yáñez, J. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Morales, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={7–16} }
 @article{woyengo_patterson_slominski_beltranena_zijlstra_2016, title={Nutritive value of cold-pressed camelina cake with or without supplementation of multi-enzyme in broiler chickens}, volume={95}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew098}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pew098}, abstractNote={The objectives were to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and AMEn value of cold-pressed camelina cake (CPCC) and the effect of adding multi-enzyme to a corn-CPCC diet for broilers. The 600 male broiler chicks were divided into 40 groups and fed 5 diets in a completely randomized design (8 groups per diet) from d 15 to d 21 of age. A corn basal diet and the basal diet with 30% of it replaced by CPCC were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with or without multi-enzyme (2,800 U of cellulase, 1,800 U of pectinase, 400 U of mannanase, 50 U of galactanase, 1,000 U of xylanase, 600 U of glucanase, 2,500 U of amylase, and 200 U of protease/kilogram of diet; Superzyme OM, 1 g/kg). The fifth diet was N-free. The corn basal diet was fed to determine nutrient digestibility and retention for CPCC by substitution. The N-free diet was fed to estimate basal endogenous AA losses for determining SID of AA. Diets contained TiO2 as indigestible marker. On a DM basis, CPCC contained 39.8% CP, 38.3% neutral detergent fiber, 12.7% ether extract, 1.89% Lys, 0.70% Met, 1.56% Thr, and 0.45% Trp. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for CPCC were 76.5, 85.5, 72.8, and 84.1%, respectively. The AMEn value for CPCC was 1,671 kcal/kg of DM. Multi-enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the SID of Met and Thr and the AMEn value of the corn-CPCC-based diet by 1.4, 1.3, and 3.0%, respectively. The multi-enzyme increased (P = 0.026) the AMEn value of CPCC from 1,671 to 1,941 kcal/kg of DM. In conclusion, the CPCC evaluated in the present study can be included in poultry diets as a source of energy and AA. Multi-enzyme supplementation increased the AMEn value of CPCC for broilers.}, number={10}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Patterson, R. and Slominski, B.A. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={2314–2321} }
 @article{smit_beltranena_2016, title={The Monogastric Feed Research Group at Alberta Agriculture and Forestry}, volume={38}, number={1}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Smit, M.N. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2016}, pages={42–48} }
 @article{zhou_beltranena_zijlstra_2015, title={Apparent and true ileal and total tract digestibility of fat in diets including canola press-cake or canola oil and endogenous fat loss in growing pigs}, volume={93}, number={Supplement S3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={592} }
 @article{nain_oryschak_betti_beltranena_2015, title={Camelina sativa cake for broilers: Effects of increasing dietary inclusion from 0 to 24% on tissue fatty acid proportions at 14, 28, and 42 d of age}, volume={94}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev080}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pev080}, abstractNote={The benefits to human from the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 PUFAS) have been recognized. Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop grown for biofuel production. Feeding its cake with 10 to 20% remaining oil (28 to 30% α-linolenic acid [ALA]) has the potential to enrich poultry products with n-3 PUFA. An experiment was conducted to assess lipid deposition in brain, liver, breast, and thigh tissue by increasing inclusions of camelina cake (CC) fed to broiler chickens. Male chicks (744, Ross 308) housed in 24 cages were fed 0, 8, 16, or 24% CC for 42 d, 6 replicates per CC level. At the end of the starter (14 d), grower (28 d), and finisher (42 d) phase, brain, liver, breast, and thigh samples were collected from 3 birds/cage and diets were analyzed for fatty acid content. Feeding increasing CC inclusions from 0 to 8, 16, and 24% increased dietary ALA (5.3, 11.1, 15.2, 17.8, respectively) as a proportion of the total fatty acid content. All diets provided a similar level of long-chain n-3 PUFA (about 0.9%). Irrespective of growth phase, increases in dietary CC inclusion led to a linear increase (P<0.001) in the proportion of ALA in breast, thigh, and liver (76, 128, 288%, respectively), but not in brain tissue. An increase in dietary CC inclusion led to a linear increase (P<0.001) in the proportion of long-chain n-3 PUFAs, including docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in liver (109 and 80%, respectively) and brain (24 and 6%, respectively) tissue. However, in breast and thigh tissue, increases in dietary CC inclusion led to an increase in only (P<0.005) DPA (24 and 27%, respectively). The predominant n-3 PUFA in liver and brain tissue feeding 24% CC was DHA (48% and 88%, respectively), unlike in breast and thigh meat, where ALA increased (65 and 86%, respectively). The labeling claim requirement for n-3 PUFA enrichment (300 mg/100 g meat) was exceeded in breast and thigh by feeding a 24% CC diet for 28 d or 16% CC diet for 42 d, respectively.}, number={6}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nain, S. and Oryschak, M.A. and Betti, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={1247–1258} }
 @article{wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2015, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed sugar beet pulp}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={138} }
 @article{garcia_wang_landero_beltranena_cervantes_morales_zijlstra_2015, title={Effect of feeding wheat millrun on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in starter pigs}, volume={207}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.018}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.018}, abstractNote={Wheat by-products could be an alternative feedstuff for sustainable pork production. The effects of substitution of soybean meal (SBM) and wheat with increasing inclusion of wheat millrun on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of young pigs were evaluated. In total, 160 weaned pigs were fed five pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 g wheat millrun/kg in substitution for up to 150 g SBM/kg and 50 g wheat/kg for 3 weeks (day 1–21) starting 2 weeks after weaning at 21 days of age. Diets were balanced for net energy (NE) using canola oil and for amino acids using crystalline amino acids to provide 10.1 MJ NE/kg and 1.05 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)/MJ NE. Increasing inclusion of wheat millrun to 200 g/kg linearly reduced (P < 0.001) diet apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of dry matter by 0.04 and CATTD of gross energy by 0.03, but did not affect CATTD of crude protein. Increasing dietary inclusion of wheat millrun linearly increased (P < 0.05) the calculated diet NE value by 0.07 MJ/kg indicating that the NE value of wheat millrun was underestimated. Increasing dietary inclusion of wheat millrun did not affect average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) for each week or for the entire trial (day 1–21). Increasing dietary inclusion of wheat millrun linearly increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency (G:F) by 0.12 for day 8–14 or by 0.04 for the entire trial. In conclusion, up to 200 g wheat millrun/kg can replace 150 g SBM/kg and 50 g wheat/kg in diets formulated to equal dietary NE value and SID Lys content and fed to nursery pigs starting 2 weeks after weaning without detrimental effects on growth performance.}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Garcia, H. and Wang, L.F. and Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Morales, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={283–288} }
 @article{zhou_young_swift_beltranena_zijlstra_2015, title={Effect of feeding wheat- or barley-based diets with high- or low- nutrient density on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs}, volume={93}, number={Supplement S3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zhou, X. and Young, M.G. and Swift, M.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={592} }
 @article{le_yang_galle_landero_beltranena_gänzle_zijlstra_2015, title={Effects of feeding fermented wheat grain with Lactobacillus reuteri on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and intestinal fermentation in weaned pigs}, volume={93}, number={Supplement S3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Le, M.H. and Yang, A.Y. and Galle, S. and Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Gänzle, M. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={872–873} }
 @article{zhou_beltranena_zijlstra_2015, title={Effects of feeding increasing inclusion of canola press-cake on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zhou, X. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={574} }
 @article{smit_zamora_young_campbell_uttaro_beltranena_2015, title={Empiric narrowing of the net energy value of reduced-oil corn distillers’ dried grain with solubles for growing-finishing pigs}, volume={95}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas-2014-106}, DOI={10.4141/cjas-2014-106}, abstractNote={Smit, M. N., Zamora, V., Young, M. G., Campbell, N., Uttaro, B. and Beltranena, E. 2015. Empiric narrowing of the net energy value of reduced-oil corn distillers’ dried grain with solubles for growing-finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 225–241. This study attempted to empirically narrow down the net energy (NE) value of reduced-oil corn distillers’ dried grains and solubles (RO-cDDGS) by evaluating the response in pig growth performance, live backfat and loin depth, carcass traits, and primal pork cuts tissue composition to feeding diets formulated increasing the assumed NE value of RO-cDDGS, expecting a brisk change in slope of the response at the point at which the NE value of RO-cDDGS would be identified. In total, 1056 cross-bred pigs (31.7 kg) housed in 48 pens by gender were fed dietary regimens including 30% RO-cDDGS (6.7% ether extract) with assumed NE values of 1.7, 1.85, 2.0, 2.15, 2.3, or 2.45 Mcal kg−1over five growth periods (Grower 1: days 0–21, Grower 2: days 22–42, Grower 3: days 43–63, Finisher 1: days 64–76, Finisher 2: day 77 to market weight). Pig body weights were measured and feed disappearance (ADFI) was calculated by pen on days 0, 21, 42, 63, 76 and weekly thereafter until target slaughter weight (120 kg). For the entire trial (days 0–76), increasing the assumed NE value of RO-cDDGS linearly increased (P<0.01) ADFI and total lysine intake, did not affect NE intake and daily weight gain (ADG), quadratically decreased (P<0.05) feed efficiency, linearly decreased (P<0.05) live backfat depth and backfat:loin depth ratio, and did not affect carcass characteristics or pork primal cut tissue composition. Segmented regression only identified a change in slope for carcass ADG and lean ADG at 1.85 Mcal kg−1. These results indicate that the experimental approach taken was not reliable in narrowing down the NE value of RO-cDDGS because the decrease in dietary NE was too small (0.03 Mcal kg−1d), which limited the change in dietary Lys:NE ratio with increasing assumed NE value of RO-cDDGS. The approach resulted in progressive, but small changes in slope rather than a clearly identifiable point where one could conclude that the incremental dietary energy contribution from RO-cDDGS changed the response in a given variable.}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Smit, M. N. and Zamora, V. and Young, M. G. and Campbell, N. G. and Uttaro, B. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={225–241} }
 @article{beltranena_2015, title={Feed cost and net income: Impact of low energy diets on the bottom line}, volume={36}, number={4}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2015}, pages={47–48} }
 @article{smit_zamora_young_beltranena_2015, title={Feeding hogs low energy diets}, volume={36}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Smit, M.N. and Zamora, V. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2015}, pages={51–54} }
 @article{garcia_wang_landero_beltranena_cervantes_morales_zijlstra_2015, title={Feeding wheat millrun to starter pigs}, volume={37}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Garcia, H. and Wang, L.F. and Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Morales, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={66–69} }
 @inproceedings{dehghani_oryschak_beltranena_2015, title={High feed inclusion levels of canola meal and cake on egg layer production performance and egg quality}, booktitle={Prairie Poultry Meeting}, author={Dehghani, Z. and Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2015} }
 @article{zhou_zijlstra_beltranena_2015, title={Nutrient digestibility of solvent-extracted Brassica napus and Brassica juncea canola meals and their air-classified fractions fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs1}, volume={93}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-7451}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2014-7451}, abstractNote={Energy and nutrient digestibility of solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) is limited in pigs by its relatively high fiber content. The seed hull, which greatly contributes to the fiber content of CM, is denser than the oil-free cotyledon. By utilizing streams of air, air classification partially separates these seed components on the basis of their different sizes and densities to produce a low-fiber, light-particle fraction and a high-fiber, heavy-particle fraction. Compared with parent CM, ADF and NDF were reduced by 31.9% and 29.5% in the light-particle fraction and were enriched by 16.5% and 9.0% in the heavy-particle fraction (DM basis), respectively. Particle size was 638, 18.9, and 76.1 µm for the parent CM and light- and heavy-particle fractions, respectively. To determine the nutrient digestibility of CM and their air-classified fractions, Brassica napus and B. juncea CM and their 2 air-classified fractions were evaluated in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement together with a basal diet and an N-free diet. The experiment was conducted as an 8 × 8 Latin square in which diets contained 40% B. napus or B. juncea CM or their air-classified fractions and 60% basal diet. Digesta data from pigs fed the N-free diet served to subtract basal endogenous AA losses. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (32 kg initial BW) were fed the 8 diets at 2.7 times maintenance DE for eight 11-d periods. At the end of each period, feces were collected for 48 h, and ileal digesta were collected for two 12-h periods. The DE and calculated NE values and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE were 6.3%, 10.0%, and 7.8% greater (P < 0.001) for B. juncea CM than for B. napus CM; 6.1%, 10.8%, and 5.3% greater (P < 0.001) for the light-particle fraction than for parent CM; and 5.4%, 7.2%, and 3.8% lower (P < 0.001) for the heavy-particle fraction than for parent CM, respectively. The standardized ileal digestibilities (SID) of His, Ile, Val, Asp, and Tyr were greater (P < 0.05) for B. juncea CM than for B. napus CM. The SID of CP and AA were greater (P < 0.01) in the light-particle fraction than in the heavy-particle fraction. The SID of Trp, Glu, Pro, and Tyr were greater (P < 0.05) in the light-particle fraction than in parent CM. In conclusion, B. juncea CM had greater energy and AA digestibility than B. napus CM because of reduced fiber content. Air classification of CM increased its energy and AA digestibility in the light-particle fraction for pigs because of the reduced dietary fiber content and decreased particle size.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zhou, X. and Zijlstra, R. T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={217–228} }
 @article{woyengo_patterson_zijlstra_2015, title={Nutritive value of cold-pressed camelina cake and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed cold-pressed camelina cake-containing diets supplemented with multi-carbohydrase}, volume={94}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Patterson, R. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={94} }
 @inproceedings{dehghani_oryschak_beltranena_2015, title={Replacement of soybean meal with canola meal at two dietary energy densities on layer production performance and egg quality}, booktitle={Prairie Poultry Meeting}, author={Dehghani, Z. and Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2015} }
 @article{nasir_wang_young_swift_beltranena_zijlstra_2015, title={The effect of feeding barley on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of starter pigs}, volume={210}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.014}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.014}, abstractNote={Wheat and barley are feed grains used as dietary sources of energy for swine in western Canada, Australia and northern Europe. Inclusion of high quality (HQ) barley grain in starter pig diets is limited due to its greater fibre content and lower net energy (NE) value than wheat. Low quality (LQ) barley due to adverse agronomic conditions is also available, but its feed value for young pigs is unknown. To explore, 280 starter pigs (initial body weight: 8.65 ± 0.87 kg) were fed pelleted diets including HQ or LQ barley (with or without balancing for NE value) to replace 650 g wheat/kg for 3 weeks starting 1 week post-weaning. Five diets were formulated as [MJ NE/kg; g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE]: 1) wheat (10.0, 1.07); 2) HQ barley (10.0, 1.06); 3) LQ barley without NE correction (9.76, 1.09); 4) LQ barley with NE correction (10.0, 1.06); and 5) LQ barley with low NE value (9.42, 1.12). The apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of gross energy (GE) was greater (P < 0.05) for the wheat diet than for barley diets. The CATTD of GE was lower (P < 0.05) for the HQ barley diet than for LQ barley diets and greater (P < 0.05) for the LQ low NE barley diet than the LQ barley diet without NE correction. The digestible energy (DE) and predicted diet NE value were greater (P < 0.05) for the wheat diet than barley diets except for the LQ barley diet with NE correction. These energy values were lower (P < 0.05) for the HQ barley diet than for LQ barley diets and greater (P < 0.05) for the LQ barley diet with NE correction than LQ barley diets without NE correction or low NE. For day 1–21, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) of the wheat diet did not differ from that of the HQ barley diet but was lower (P < 0.05) than those of LQ barley diets. The ADG of the HQ barley diet did not differ from LQ barley diets. The NE correction did not affect ADFI, ADG and G:F of LQ barley diets. In conclusion, despite lower nutrient digestibility and energy value, LQ or HQ barley can fully replace wheat grain in diets for starter pigs and achieve equivalent or better growth performance.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nasir, Z. and Wang, L.F. and Young, M.G. and Swift, M.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={287–294} }
 @article{wang_swift_beltranena_zijlstra_2015, title={Use of spectroscopy to predict nutrient digestibility in pigs and to identify in vitro digestion limits}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Wang, L.F. and Swift, M.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2015}, pages={139} }
 @inbook{beltranena_zijlstra_2014, edition={1st}, title={Barley in swine diets}, booktitle={Barley Grain, Feed Industry Guide}, publisher={Canadian Barley Grain Commission}, author={Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, editor={Mc Allister, T. and Meale, S.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={26–29} }
 @book{beltranena_2014, title={Canola co-products for feeding pigs}, url={https://open.alberta.ca/publications/7199403}, number={440/68-2}, institution={Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2014} }
 @article{landero_wang_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed field pea}, volume={198}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.10.014}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.10.014}, abstractNote={Abstract Striving for maximum replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with field pea in swine diets is economically important for pork producers. To explore, effects of increasing inclusion of field pea by substituting SBM on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of young pigs were evaluated. In total, 260 pigs (8.5 kg) starting 1 week after weaning at 19 days of age were fed Phase 1 diets for 2 weeks (day 1–14) and sequentially Phase 2 diets for 3 weeks (day 15–35). Five pelleted wheat-based diets including 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g yellow field pea ( Pisum sativum L., subsp. hortense )/kg in substitution for up to 300 g SBM/kg and 100 g wheat/kg were fed. Phase 1 and 2 diets were formulated to provide 10.2 and 9.8 MJ net energy (NE)/kg, and 1.2 and 1.0 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) Lys/MJ NE, respectively. Diets were balanced for NE by reducing dietary canola oil from 48 to 34 g/kg and from 27 to 12 g/kg for Phase 1 and 2 diets, respectively, and for amino acids by increasing crystalline amino acids. Increasing inclusion of field pea to 400 g/kg linearly reduced (P G : F ). Growth performance was not affected for day 8–14 and 15–21. Increasing inclusion of field pea quadratically increased (P G : F for day 22–28. For day 29–35, increasing inclusion of field pea tended to linearly increase (P G : F . Overall (day 1–35), increasing dietary inclusion of field pea did not affect ADFI, ADG or G : F . In conclusion, up to 400 g/kg field pea can entirely replace SBM in nursery diets formulated to equal NE value and SID amino acid content without detrimental effects on growth performance after a 7-day adaptation.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Landero, J.L. and Wang, L.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={295–303} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed field pea}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2014}, pages={80} }
 @article{yáñez_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={Dry fractionation creates fractions of wheat distillers dried grains and solubles with highly digestible nutrient content for grower pigs1}, volume={92}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6820}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-6820}, abstractNote={Nutrient digestibility in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is limited by constraints such as particle size and fiber. Wheat DDGS contains more fiber than corn DDGS that may reduce its nutritional value in swine feeds. Dry fractionation may create DDGS fractions with low and high fiber content; therefore, wheat DDGS was processed sequentially using a vibratory sifter and gravity table. Sufficient material was obtained from 3 wheat DDGS fractions that differed in particle size from fine to coarse (Fraction A [FA], Fraction C [FC], and Fraction D [FD]). Five cornstarch-based diets were mixed that contained either 40% wheat DDGS, 30% FA, 30% FC plus 10% soybean meal (SBM), 30% FD plus 15% SBM, or 35% SBM. A sixth, N-free diet served to subtract basal endogenous AA losses and as control for energy digestibility calculations. Six ileal-cannulated barrows (29 kg BW) were fed 6 diets at 2.8 times maintenance for DE in six 9-d periods as a 6 × 6 Latin square. Feces and ileal digesta were collected sequentially for 2 d each. Wheat DDGS FA, FC, and FD were 258, 530, and 723 μm in mean particle size and contained 44.8, 39.3, and 33.8% CP and 29.1, 35.1, and 37.5% in NDF, respectively. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE was greater (P < 0.05) for SBM than wheat DDGS, was greater (P < 0.05) for FA than wheat DDGS, and did not differ between FC, FD, and wheat DDGS. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) did not differ between SBM and wheat DDGS (P > 0.05) for most AA. The SID of Arg, Lys, Trp, and available Lys was greater (P < 0.05) for FD than wheat DDGS but was similar for FA, FC, and wheat DDGS and was greater (P < 0.05) for FD than SBM. The DE and NE value was greater (P < 0.05) for SBM, FA, and FC than wheat DDGS and did not differ between FD and wheat DDGS. The SID content of indispensable AA and available Lys was greater (P < 0.05) for SBM than wheat DDGS. The SID content of Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, and Val was greater (P < 0.05) for FA than wheat DDGS but did not differ for indispensable AA between FC and wheat DDGS. The SID content of His, Ile, Leu, Met, and Phe was lower (P < 0.05) for FD than wheat DDGS. In conclusion, dry fractionation creates DDGS fractions with a differing chemical composition. Fine particle fractions contain less fiber and more CP than coarse particle fractions, but their AA digestibility was lower, likely due to most of the solubles being fine particles that are more susceptible to AA damage than protein entrapped in particles of larger size.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Yáñez, J. L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={3416–3425} }
 @article{nasir_young_swift_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={Effects of feeding high and low quality barley on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Nasir, Z. and Young, M.L. and Swift, M.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2014}, pages={224} }
 @article{grageola_landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={Energy and amino acid digestibility of high residual oil canola co-products fed to finisher pigs}, volume={35}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Grageola, F. and Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2014}, pages={43–45} }
 @article{smit_seneviratne_young_lanz_zijlstra_beltranena_2014, title={Feeding Brassica juncea or Brassica napus canola meal at increasing dietary inclusions to growing-finishing gilts and barrows}, volume={198}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.010}, abstractNote={Novel Brassica (B.) juncea has a thinner seed coat and therefore lower fibre content than conventional B. napus canola meal (CM) and could potentially be fed at greater dietary inclusions to pigs. In a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, 528 barrows and 528 gilts [33.6 kg body weight] housed in 48 pens (22 barrows or gilts) were fed either B. juncea or B. napus CM at 100, 200 or 300 g/kg of diet with up to 200 g/kg wheat DDGS to slaughter weight (120 kg). Compared with B. napus, B. juncea CM had 32 g/kg greater CP, 12 g/kg lower crude fat, 86 g/kg lower ADF, and 91 g/kg lower NDF content. However, aliphatic glucosinolate content was 2.7 times greater in B. juncea (11.76 μmol/g) than B. napus CM (4.34 μmol/g). For the entire trial (d 0–72), daily weight gain (ADG) was not affected by canola species, but feed disappearance (ADFI) was 45 g/d lower (P = 0.06) and feed efficiency 7 g/g greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed B. juncea than B. napus CM. Carcass traits were not affected by canola species except dressing, which was 1% lower (P < 0.05) for pigs fed B. juncea than B. napus CM. For the entire trial, increasing CM inclusion from 100 to 300 g/kg of diet decreased ADFI (P < 0.001) by 184 g/d, decreased ADG by 32 g/d (P < 0.05), but increased feed efficiency (P < 0.001) by 14 g/g. Dietary CM inclusion level did not affect farm ship live weight to slaughter, carcass backfat thickness, lean yield, or index. Nonetheless, carcass weight was 0.9 kg lower (P < 0.05), dressing was 1% lower (P < 0.001), loin depth was 1.3 mm lower (P < 0.01), and days to slaughter was 2.3 days greater for pigs fed 300 compared with those fed 100 g CM/kg diet. In conclusion, growing-finishing pigs can be fed diets including B. juncea CM the same as conventional B. napus CM without decreasing growth performance or carcass traits. Feeding growing-finishing pigs a diet with 300 vs. 200 or 100 g/kg CM with up to 200 g/kg of wheat DDGS resulted in decreased weight gain and a minor decrease in carcass weight, dressing and loin depth, but increased feed efficiency.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Smit, M.N. and Seneviratne, R.W. and Young, M.G. and Lanz, G. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={176–185} }
 @article{zhou_young_zamora_zijlstra_beltranena_2014, title={Feeding increasing dietary inclusions of extruded<i>Brassica juncea</i>canola expeller-pressed cake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and jowl fatty acids of growing-finishing pigs}, volume={94}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2013-198}, DOI={10.4141/cjas2013-198}, abstractNote={Zhou, X., Young, M. G., Zamora, V., Zijlstra, R. T. and Beltranena, E. 2014. Feeding increasing dietary inclusions of extruded Brassica juncea canola expeller-pressed cake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and jowl fatty acids of growing-finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 331–342. The energy value of canola meal is considered low because of its relatively higher fibre and depleted oil content. Brassica juncea is a novel canola species with thinner seed coat and reduced fibre, but twice the glucosinolate content of B. napus. Remaining oil in canola cake provides greater dietary energy compared with solvent-extracted meal. Extrusion prior to expeller pressing may increase fat and protein digestibility and decrease the antinutritive effects of glucosinolates. A total of 880 pigs (38 kg), housed in 40 pens by sex, were fed 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% extruded B. juncea expeller-pressed cake (EPC) to slaughter weight (120 kg) to evaluate the effects on growth performance, dressing, carcass traits, and jowl fatty acids. Diets provided 9.6 MJ net energy (NE) and 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.7 g standardized ileal digestible Lys:MJ NE over five growth phases (days 0–14, 15–35, 36–56, 57–74, day 75 to slaughter weight). Each 5% EPC inclusion linearly decreased (P<0.05) feed disappearance (ADFI) by 46 g and weight gain (ADG) by 8 g, but did not affect gain:feed. Each 5% EPC inclusion linearly decreased (P<0.01) carcass weight by 440 g, loin depth by 0.6 mm, and increased days on test by 0.43, but did not affect dressing, backfat thickness, lean yield, or carcass index. Each 5% EPC inclusion linearly increased (P<0.001) mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid content and iodine value by 0.8, 1.0 and 1.4 g 100 g−1of jowl fat, respectively. In conclusion, increasing dietary EPC inclusions decreased ADFI, ADG, carcass weight, and loin depth, and increased jowl fat unsaturation. We attributed much of the decrease in feed intake to greater 3-butenyl (9.7 µmol g−1) content in extruded B. juncea canola expeller-pressed cake, a glucosinolate more bitter than others in conventional canola.}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Zhou, X. and Young, M. G. and Zamora, V. and Zijlstra, R. T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={331–342} }
 @article{smit_seneviratne_young_lanz_zijlstra_beltranena_2014, title={Feeding increasing inclusions of canola meal with distillers dried grains and solubles to growing-finishing barrows and gilts}, volume={189}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.12.012}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.12.012}, abstractNote={The effect of feeding increasing inclusions of solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) in diets including a relatively high content (150 g/kg) of co-fermented wheat and corn (70:30) distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on diet nutrient digestibility, growth performance, dressing and carcass traits of pigs was evaluated in a commercial-scale study. In total, 550 barrows and 550 gilts [29.9 ± 0.2 kg body weight] housed in 50 pens (22 barrows or gilts) were fed one of 5 dietary regimens over 5 growth phases (3 grower and 2 finisher). Canola meal (0, 60, 120, 180 or 240 g/kg) replaced barley, soybean meal and field pea in diets formulated to equal net energy (NE; 9.7, 9.7, 9.6, 9.4 and 9.4 MJ/kg) and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine content (10.9, 9.9, 7.6, 6.7 and 6.2 g/kg). Considering all 5 growth phases, dietary crude protein (CP), crude fibre, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre increased 13.7, 3.4, 8.2 and 5.8 g/kg, respectively, per each 60 g/kg increase in CM inclusion. Increasing dietary CM inclusion by 60 g/kg decreased (P > 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility coefficient of gross energy, CP, dry matter, organic matter and ash by 0.01, 0.004, 0.02, 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. For the entire trial (d 0 to 90), increasing dietary CM inclusion by 60 g/kg linearly reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake (ADFI) by 19 g/d and weight gain (ADG) by 7.4 g/d. Increasing dietary CM inclusion resulted in a quadratic response on G:F (ADG/ADFI; P < 0.05). Pigs fed 240 g/kg attained slaughter weight (120 kg) 3 days after pigs fed 60 g/kg CM (linear; P < 0.05). Increasing dietary CM inclusion in diets including 150 g/kg DDGS did not affect carcass weight, dressing, backfat thickness, loin depth, estimated lean yield, or index. In conclusion, increasing dietary CM inclusion from 0 to 240 g/kg in grower-finisher diets including 150 g/kg DDGS had only a minor effect on overall growth performance and did not affect carcass traits of barrows and gilts.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Smit, M.N. and Seneviratne, R.W. and Young, M.G. and Lanz, G. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={107–116} }
 @article{woyengo_jha_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={In vitro degradation and fermentation characteristics of canola co-products in pigs}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2014}, pages={233–234} }
 @article{zhang_yan_beltranena_yu_2014, title={Molecular spectroscopic investigation on fractionation-induced changes on biomacromolecule of co-products from bioethanol processing to explore protein metabolism in ruminants}, volume={122}, ISSN={1386-1425}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.081}, DOI={10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.081}, abstractNote={Fractionation processing is an efficient technology which is capable to redesign/redevelop a new food or feed product with a specified chemical and nutrient profile. This processing technique was able to produce four different fractions (called "A", "B", "C", "D" fractions/treatments) with different nutrient profile form a co-product of bioethanol processing [wheat dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS)]. To date, there is no study on the effect of fractionation processing on inherent molecular structure of different fractions and how the processing-induced structural change affect the metabolic characteristics of protein and nutrient availability. The objectives of this experiment were to: (1) investigate the effect of fractionation processing on changes of protein functional groups (amide I, amide II, and their ratio) and molecular structure (modeled α-helix, β-sheet, and their ratio), and (2) study the relationship between the fractionation processing-induced changes of protein molecular structure and nutrients availability as well as the metabolic characteristics of protein. The hypothesis of this study was that the fractionation processing changes the molecular structure and such changes affect the metabolic characteristics of protein. The protein molecular structure spectral profile of the fractions A, B, C and D were identified by Fourier-transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT/IR-ATR). The results showed that the fractionation processing significantly affected the protein molecular spectral profiles. The differences in amide I to amide II peak area and height ratios were strongly significant (P<0.01) among the treatment fractions, ranging from 4.98 to 6.33 and 3.28 to 4.00, respectively. The difference in the modeled protein α-helix to β-sheet ratio was also strongly significant (P<0.01) among the treatment fractions. Multivariate molecular spectral analysis with cluster (CLA) and principal component analyses (PCA) showed that there are no clear distinguished clusters and ellipses among the fractions (A, B, C and D) in the protein amide I and II region ca. 1726-1485 cm(-1). The correlation study showed that the modeled α-helix to β-sheet ratio tended to have a negative correlation with truly absorbed rumen undegraded protein (ARUP(DVE): r=-0.944, P=0.056<0.10) and total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine (DVE: r=-0.946, P=0.054<0.10), but there was no correlation between the α-helix to β-sheet ratio and the degraded protein balance (DPB(OEB): P=0.267<0.10). In conclusion, the fractionation processing changed the molecular structural spectral profiles in terms of amide I to II ratio and α-helix to β-sheet ratio. These changes negatively affected the metabolic characteristics of protein and true protein supply. These results indicated that spectral features of different fractions could be used as a potential tool to predict true protein nutritive value.}, journal={Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, Xuewei and Yan, Xiaogang and Beltranena, Eduardo and Yu, Peiqiang}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={591–597} }
 @article{woyengo_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={NONRUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Controlling feed cost by including alternative ingredients into pig diets: A review1,2}, volume={92}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7169}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-7169}, abstractNote={Sustained price increases for traditional cereal grain and protein meal feed commodities have forced the pork industry to consider the dietary inclusion of alternative feedstuffs. Crop seed may serve as feedstuffs but their demand as feedstock for human food, biofuel, and bioindustrial products has increased. Together with these products, coproducts such as distillers dried grains with solubles, wheat millrun, and canola meal are produced. As omnivores, pigs are ideally suited to convert these non-human-edible coproducts into high-quality food animal protein. Therefore, coproducts and other low-cost alternative feedstuffs such as pulses and oilseeds can be included in pig diets to reduce feed cost per metric ton of feed. However, inclusion of alternative feedstuffs in pig diets does not necessarily reduce feed cost per kilogram of gain. Therefore, the use of novel and existing feedstuffs in pig diets must be optimized following their characterization for energy and AA profile. Alternative feedstuffs generally have a high content of at least 1 of the following antinutritional factors (ANF): fiber, tannins, glucosinolates, and heat-labile trypsin inhibitors. Several methods can optimize nutrient use of pigs fed alternative feedstuffs by reducing effects of their ANF. These methods include 1) particle size reduction to increase nutrient digestibility, 2) dehulling or scarification to reduce tannin and fiber content of pulses and oilseeds, 3) air classification to create fractions that have a greater content of nutrients and lower content of ANF than the feedstock, 4) heat treatments such as extrusion, toasting, roasting, and micronization to reduce heat-labile ANF, 5) dietary supplementation with fiber-degrading enzymes or predigestion of fibrous feedstuffs or diets with fiber-degrading enzymes to increase dietary nutrient availability, and 6) formulation of diets based on bioavailable AA coefficients. In conclusion, the feeding of alternative ingredients may reduce feed cost per unit of pork produced provided that their price per unit NE or digestible lysine is less than that of the traditional feedstuffs and that negative effects of their ANF are controlled.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Woyengo, T. A. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={1293–1305} }
 @article{woyengo_jha_beltranena_pharazyn_zijlstra_2014, title={Nutrient digestibility of lentil and regular- and low-oligosaccharide, micronized full-fat soybean fed to grower pigs1}, volume={92}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6555}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-6555}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and calculate the NE value for regular-oligosaccharide, micronized full-fat soybean (R-MFFSB), low-oligosaccharide, micronized full-fat soybean (LO-MFFSB), lentil, and enzymatically hydrolyzed casein (EHC) for growing pigs. Six ileal-cannulated barrows (31.4 kg BW) were fed 6 diets in a 6 × 6 Latin square. Five diets were cornstarch based, containing either soybean meal (SBM), R-MFFSB, LO-MFFSB, or EHC as sole protein source or N free. The sixth diet contained lentil as sole protein and energy source. The SID of AA for diets was calculated using the N-free diet. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in SBM, R-MFFSB, and LO-MFFSB was determined by difference from the N-free diet whereas energy digestibility in lentil was determined by the direct method. On DM basis, SBM, R-MFFSB, LO-MFFSB, and lentil contained 52, 43, 43, and 27% CP, 8, 12, 14, and 16% NDF, and 1.8, 19, 21, and 1.6% ether extract, respectively. The SID of Lys for SBM was greater (P < 0.05) than that for R-MFFSB or LO-MFFSB (76 vs. 79 and 79%). The SID of other indispensable AA (except Trp) for SBM was also greater (P < 0.05) than that for R-MFFSB or LO-MFFSB. The R-MFFSB and LO-MFFSB were similar in SID of AA. The SID of Lys for lentil (81%) was lower (P < 0.05) than that for SBM with a similar trend for SID of other indispensable AA except for Met and Thr whose SID was similar to SBM. The SID of AA for EHC ranged from 98 to 112%. The SBM had a lower (P < 0.05) NE value than R-MFFSB or LO-MFFSB (2.63 vs. 2.95 and 3.00 Mcal/kg DM). Lentil and SBM were similar in NE value (2.60 vs. 2.63 Mcal/kg DM). In conclusion, R-MFFSB and LO-MFFSB were similar in energy and AA value for pigs. Lentil had lower SID of AA than SBM. However, lentil and SBM were similar in NE value; therefore, lentil can serve as alternative pulse feedstuff for pigs. The AA in EHC were mostly completely digested indicating that EHC can be fed to estimate ileal endogenous AA losses.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Woyengo, T. A. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Pharazyn, A. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={229–237} }
 @article{zhou_zijlstra_beltranena_2014, title={Nutrient digestibility of solvent-extracted B. napus and B. juncea canola meals and their air-classified fractions fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zhou, X. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, pages={39} }
 @article{woyengo_yánez_young_lanz_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={Nutritional value of full-fat green canola seed fed to growing–finishing pigs1}, volume={92}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6730}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-6730}, abstractNote={Immature green canola seed (full-fat green canola seed [FFGC]) is rejected by canola crushing plants due to chlorophyll staining of oil destined for human consumption. With >35% oil, FFGC can contribute energy to pig diets. The nutritive value of FFGC for growing-finishing pigs was determined in 2 studies. In Exp. 1, 6 ileal-cannulated barrows (46.5 kg BW) were fed 3 diets as a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square to determine standardized ileal digestible (SID) coefficients of AA and calculate DE and NE values for FFGC. A diet including 40% FFGC replaced wheat in a basal diet and a cornstarch-based N-free diet were fed to determine energy and nutrient digestibility by difference and to estimate basal endogenous AA losses to calculate SID of AA. In Exp. 2, 1,100 pigs (32.9 kg BW), housed in 50 pens of 22 barrows or gilts per pen, were fed 5 diets including 0, 5, 10, and 15% constant or declining amounts (15, 10, 5, 0, and 0%, respectively) of FFGC over 5 phases to determine effects of feeding FFGC on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Phase diets were formulated to provide 4.00, 3.60, 3.25, 2.90, and 2.65 g SID Lys/Mcal NE for d 0 to 21, d 22 to 42, d 43 to 62, d 63 to 74, and d 75 to 123 kg market weight. Carcass characteristics were measured using the Destron grading system. On DM basis, FFGC contained 43% ether extract, 25% CP, 22% NDF, 10 μmol/g glucosinolates, 1.35% Lys, 0.5% Met, 0.9% Thr, and 0.27% Trp. In FFGC, SID coefficients of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were 86.9, 87.3, 76.9, and 84.3%, respectively, and calculated DE and NE values were 4.92 and 3.50 Mcal/kg of DM, respectively. Overall, increasing dietary FFGC inclusion from 0 to 15% linearly decreased (P < 0.05) G:F, carcass weight, and dressing percentage (0.392 to 0.381 kg/kg, 96.7 to 95.7 kg, and 78.4 to 77.8%, respectively) and tended to decrease (P = 0.078) ADG. Pigs fed decreasing amounts of FFGC by growth phase compared with controls (0% FFGC) had lower (P = 0.011) overall G:F (0.392 vs. 0.372 kg/kg). Increasing dietary FFGC inclusion did not affect carcass backfat thickness and loin depth. The FFGC was a good source of dietary energy and AA. However, increasing dietary FFGC inclusion for pigs reduced G:F and dressing percentage likely because of the increased dietary fiber content, resulting from increasing FFGC and barley and reducing wheat, soybean meal, and tallow in diets. Inclusion of FFGC in swine diets should, therefore, be based on targeted G:F and relative cost to other feedstuffs.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Woyengo, T. A. and Yánez, J. and Young, M. G. and Lanz, G. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={3449–3459} }
 @article{smit_roeske_cameron_beltranena_2014, title={On-farm trial confirms the impact of overcrowded pens in the grower-finisher barn}, volume={35}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Smit, M. and Roeske, M. and Cameron, A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, pages={55–57} }
 @article{zijlstra_woyengo_nasir_beltranena_2014, title={Opportunities and challenges with the use of carbohydrase and protease enzymes in swine formulations}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Woyengo, T.A. and Nasir, Z. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, pages={372} }
 @article{prieto_uttaro_mapiye_turner_dugan_zamora_young_beltranena_2014, title={Predicting fat quality from pigs fed reduced-oil corn dried distillers grains with solubles by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy: Fatty acid composition and iodine value}, volume={98}, ISSN={0309-1740}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.009}, abstractNote={This study tested the ability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the fatty acid (FA) composition and iodine value (IV) of backfat from carcasses of pigs fed reduced-oil corn dried distillers grains with solubles. NIRS was suitable for screening purposes for the proportions of total saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 FAs and some individual FAs such as C16:0, C18:1, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 (R(2)=0.80-0.89; RMSECVs, root mean square errors of cross-validation=0.21-1.37% total FA) in both cold and warm intact backfat samples. This technology also met the requirements for a quick screening for the backfat IV in both cold and warm intact samples (R(2)=0.90 and 0.87; RMSECVs=1.66 and 1.80% total FA, respectively), which would help provide differential feed-back to pig producers and the feed industry and may provide the opportunity for breeding pigs for a desirable fat quality.}, number={4}, journal={Meat Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Prieto, N. and Uttaro, B. and Mapiye, C. and Turner, T.D. and Dugan, M.E.R. and Zamora, V. and Young, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={585–590} }
 @article{smit_oryschak_beltranena_2014, title={The Monogastric Feed Research group at Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development}, volume={36}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Smit, M.N. and Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2014}, pages={44–48} }
 @article{le_landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2014, title={The effect of feeding increasing inclusion of extruded Brassica juncea canola expeller on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs}, volume={192}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.02.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.02.006}, abstractNote={Expellers contain more dietary energy than meals to support growth performance of young pigs. The feeding value of extruded Brassica (B.) juncea canola expeller was evaluated feeding 240 weaned pigs (initial body weight 7.6 kg), starting 1 week after weaning at 19 days of age. The extruded B. juncea expeller contained (as is) 344 g crude protein, 15.7 g chemically available lysine (Lys), 169 g ether extract, 127 g acid detergent fibre, 195 g neutral detergent fibre/kg and 11 μmol/g total glucosinolates. Pigs were fed five pelleted wheat-based diets for two growth phases: Phase 1, days 0–14; and Phase 2, days 15–35. Diets including 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 g extruded B. juncea expeller/kg were formulated to provide 10.0 and 9.7 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.17 and 1.06 standardised ileal digestible (SID) Lys/MJ NE for Phase 1 and 2 diets, respectively. The extruded B. juncea expeller substituted soybean meal. Diets were balanced for NE by decreasing canola oil inclusion from 55 to 29 and 26 to 0 g/kg for Phase 1 and 2, respectively; and for amino acids by increasing crystalline amino acids. Increasing dietary inclusion of extruded B. juncea expeller linearly reduced (P < 0.001) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and crude protein and decreased diet digestible energy values in both phases. For days 0–35, increasing inclusion of extruded B. juncea expeller did not affect feed efficiency, but quadratically increased average daily feed intake (ADFI; P < 0.001) and average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.01), which corresponded with a quadratic increase (P < 0.01) in intake of NE and SID Lys. On day 35, pigs fed 60, 120, 180 and 240 g extruded B. juncea expeller/kg were 1.1, 1.5, 1.5 and 1.1 kg heavier (P < 0.05), respectively, than control pigs. Feed energy values may explain the achieved performance. For diet formulation, we used 22.46 MJ NE/kg for canola oil (NRC, 1998) instead of the more recent 31.63 MJ NE/kg (NRC, 2012). Using the revised NE value, calculated diet NE values (as fed) decreased from 10.55 to 10.30 in Phase 1 and from 9.92 to 9.71 MJ NE/kg in Phase 2 diets for pigs fed 0 to 240 g extruded B. juncea expeller/kg. In conclusion, reduced diet NE value coincided with increased NE and SID Lys intake that consequently increased ADG. The linear increase of ADFI and ADG may have been curved at 240 g extruded B. juncea expeller/kg by increased dietary glucosinolates intake that prevented further increases in ADFI.}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Le, M.H.A. and Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={73–80} }
 @article{beltranena_2014, title={Validating the net energy value of wheat DDGS}, volume={1}, number={17}, journal={Swine Innovation Porc}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2014} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2013, title={A comparison of B. napus and B. juncea meals and their air-classified fractions: Growth performance, carcass traits, and measured AME in growing broilers}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{beltranena_oryschak_2013, title={Camelina, another egg out of the canola basket}, booktitle={University of Saskatchewan}, author={Beltranena, E. and Oryschak, M.A.}, year={2013} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2013, title={Co-Products: A must for sustainable pork production}, volume={29}, number={4}, journal={Pig Progress}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, pages={500–502} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2013, title={Controlling feed cost by including alternative ingredients into swine diets}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, pages={463} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed solvent-extracted Brassica juncea canola meal}, volume={180}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.003}, abstractNote={The effects of substituting soybean meal (SBM) with increasing levels of solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) derived from modern Brassica juncea were evaluated on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of young pigs. In total, 240 weaned pigs with an initial body weight of 7.7 kg, starting 1 week after weaning at 19 days of age were involved. Pigs were fed Phase 1 test diets for 2 weeks (days 0–14) and sequentially Phase 2 test diets for 3 weeks (days 15–35). Five pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 60, 120, 180 or 240 g juncea CM/kg were formulated to contain 10.0 and 9.7 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.2 and 1.1 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE, for the Phase 1 and 2 diets, respectively. Juncea CM was added at the expense of SBM and the diets were balanced for NE by increasing canola oil from 56 to 80 and 26 to 50 g/kg for Phase 1 and 2 diets, respectively, and for amino acids by increasing crystalline amino acids. Increasing inclusion of juncea CM linearly reduced (P<0.001) the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, and crude protein for both feeding phases. Increasing inclusion of juncea CM also decreased diet digestible energy values in Phase 1 (P<0.001) and Phase 2 (P<0.05). For the entire trial (days 0–35), increasing inclusion of juncea CM linearly reduced (P<0.01) body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency (gain:feed). At the end of the experiment, pigs fed 60, 120, 180 and 240 g juncea CM/kg were 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.9 kg lighter than pigs not fed juncea CM. In conclusion, substitution of SBM with increasing inclusion of juncea CM in nursery diets formulated to equal NE and SID amino acid content linearly reduced diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs in a dose–response manner. These reductions were likely due to a sensitivity of young pigs to the glucosinolate gluconapin that is the most abundant in juncea CM or high dietary crude fat content due to oil addition.}, number={1-4}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={64–72} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2013, title={Effect of increasing dietary inclusion of solvent-extracted B. napus and B. juncea meals for broilers grown to 35d of age on nutrient mass balance and calculated nitrogen emissions}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{beltranena_young_zamora_bussières_2013, title={Effects of dietary net energy feeding pattern on pig growth performance and carcass characteristics}, booktitle={Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Section/ADSA Midwestern Branch}, author={Beltranena, E. and Young, M. and Zamora, V. and Bussières, D.}, year={2013} }
 @article{zhou_oryschak_zijlstra_beltranena_2013, title={Effects of feeding high- and low-fibre fractions of air-classified, solvent-extracted canola meal on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs}, volume={179}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.12.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.12.002}, abstractNote={The dietary energy value of solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) is limited by its relative high fibre content. The fibre-rich hull of canola is denser than the oil-free cotyledons, so these seed components partially fractionate in a stream of air. Air classification thus separates CM into a low-fibre, light-particle fraction and a high-fibre, heavy-particle fraction of interest for feeding monogastric and ruminant species, respectively. Crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in light-particle fraction were reduced by 96, 34 and 28% compared with CM (83 CF, 165 ADF, 238 NDF g/kg, as-is). Brassica (B) napus, Brassica juncea, or their fractions were evaluated feeding 288 weaned pigs (7.1 kg) for 37 d as a 2 × 3 factorial with 12 replicate pens per treatment. Wheat-based diets including 200 g of test feedstuff/kg provided 10.5 and 10.0 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.27 and 1.15 g standardised ileal digestible lysine/MJ NE and were fed for 9 and 28 d, respectively. Pen feed added, orts, and individual pig body weight were measured weekly to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency (G:F). Pen faecal samples were collected on d 16 and 17 to calculate diet apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (CATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) value. Pigs fed B. juncea had 3 and 2% higher (P<0.001) CATTD of DM (0.82 vs. 0.79) and GE (0.84 vs. 0.82) than pigs fed B. napus. Feeding the light-particle fraction increased (P<0.001) CATTD of DM (0.82 vs. 0.79), GE (0.84 vs. 0.82), and CP (0.79 vs. 0.77) by 4, 3 and 3% compared with CM, respectively. For the entire trial, pigs fed B. juncea consumed 33 g/d less (P<0.001) feed (723 vs. 756 g/d), had 0.02 higher (P<0.05) G:F (0.735 vs. 0.718 g:g), but ADG (503 vs. 514 g/d) was not different (P>0.05) compared to pigs fed B. napus. Feeding pigs the light-particle fractions did not affect (P>0.05) ADFI (741 vs. 736 g/d), increased (P<0.05) G:F 0.02 (0.739 vs. 0.721 g:g) and tended to increase (P=0.07) ADG (519 vs. 501 g/d) by 18 g/d compared to CM. In conclusion, air classification of canola meal increased diet nutrient digestibility, but only modestly increased G:F of weaned pigs due to dietary fibre reduction.}, number={1-4}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhou, X. and Oryschak, M.A. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={112–120} }
 @article{jha_htoo_young_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={Effects of increasing co-product inclusion and reducing dietary protein on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and jowl fatty acid profile of growing–finishing pigs1}, volume={91}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-5065}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2011-5065}, abstractNote={Dietary inclusion of co-products (Co-P) provides opportunities for diversifying the feedstuff matrix by using local feedstuffs, reducing feed costs, and producing value-added pork. In 2 studies, we determined effects of Co-P (canola meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, and co-extruded oil seed and field pea) inclusion level and reduced dietary CP concentration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and jowl fatty acid profiles of growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were fed isoenergetic and isolysinic diets over 4 growth phases with 8 pen observations per dietary regimen. At slaughter, carcasses were characterized for all pigs and jowl fat was collected from 2 pigs per pen. In Exp. 1, 1,056 pigs (initial BW, 35.3 ± 0.4 kg) were fed 3 levels of dietary Co-P (low, mid, and high) and 2 CP concentrations (low and normal). Overall (d 0 to 86), increasing Co-P inclusion from low to mid or high decreased (P < 0.001) ADFI and ADG of pigs. Low CP concentration increased (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG compared with normal CP concentration. An interaction (P = 0.026) occurred between dietary Co-P inclusion and CP concentration for G:F; low CP reduced (P < 0.05) G:F compared with normal CP for pig fed low Co-P, but G:F did not differ between CP concentrations for pigs fed mid and high Co-P. Increasing dietary Co-P inclusion from low to high increased (P < 0.001) α-linolenic acid (ALA) in jowl fat but decreased (P < 0.001) carcass weight and loin depth. In Exp. 2, 1,008 pigs (initial BW, 30.3 ± 0.4 kg) were assigned to 5 dietary regimens with Co-P increasing from 2.0 to 50.0% or a sixth regimen with 10% extra supplemental AA for the 37.5% Co-P diet. Overall (d 0 to 97), increasing Co-P inclusion did not affect ADFI, ADG, and G:F. Increasing dietary Co-P inclusion linearly decreased (P < 0.01) carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and loin depth but linearly increased (P < 0.001) jowl ALA. Supplementing 10% extra AA to the 37.5% Co-P diet did not affect growth performance or dressing percentage but increased (P = 0.014) carcass leanness and decreased (P = 0.023) backfat thickness compared with the 37.5% Co-P diet, indicating that dietary AA supply did not limit BW gain. In conclusion, Co-P can be included by up to 50% in diets for growing-finishing pigs without affecting G:F. However, increasing dietary Co-P may reduce ADG, ADFI, and carcass weight even if diets are balanced for dietary NE and standardized ileal digestible AA content.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Jha, R. and Htoo, J. K. and Young, M. G. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={2178–2191} }
 @inproceedings{nain_oryschak_betti_beltranena_2013, title={Effects of increasing inclusions of camelina meal in broiler diets on tissue fatty acid composition}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association Meeting}, author={Nain, S. and Oryschak, M.A. and Betti, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{zamora_young_campbell_uttaro_beltranena_2013, title={Empiric narrowing of the net energy value of low-oil corn DDGS on pig growth performance and carcass characteristics}, booktitle={Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Section/ADSA Midwestern Branch}, author={Zamora, V. and Young, M. and Campbell, N. and Uttaro, B. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @article{grageola_landero_beltranena_cervantes_araiza_zijlstra_2013, title={Energy and amino acid digestibility of expeller-pressed canola meal and cold-pressed canola cake in ileal-cannulated finishing pigs}, volume={186}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.010}, abstractNote={Residual oil content that increases the dietary energy value makes expeller-pressed canola meal (EPCM) and cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC) attractive feedstuffs for swine. The energy and amino acid (AA) digestibility of EPCM and CPCC were evaluated feeding six crossbred Hypor barrows (initial weight of 65.7 ± 1.7 kg) surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. Pigs were fed twice daily at 2.8 times the estimated maintenance requirement of digestible energy (DE). Diets containing 500 g/kg of either EPCM or CPCC and an N-free diet were tested in a replicated 3×3 Latin square. The oil content of EPCM was half that of CPCC (105 vs. 202 g/kg). Total glucosinolate content of EPCM was double that of CPCC (11.9 vs. 5.6 μmol/g). The apparent total tract digestibility coefficient and apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (CAID) of energy were lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. The DE (P<0.05) and calculated net energy (NE) content were lower (P<0.001) in EPCM than CPCC (14.3 vs. 16.5 and 9.0 vs. 11.5 MJ NE/kg as fed, respectively). The CAID of lysine and cysteine was lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. The standardized ileal digestibility coefficient (CSID) of alanine, cysteine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine and valine was lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. However, the standardized ileal digestible content of all AA was greater (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. In conclusion, lower residual oil and greater content of antinutritional factors (glucosinolates and fibre) in EPCM compared with CPCC were important factors that lowered energy digestibility and DE and NE values in EPCM compared to CPCC and likely lowered CSID of some indispensable AA in EPCM vs. CPCC, including lysine.}, number={3-4}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grageola, F. and Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Araiza, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={169–176} }
 @inproceedings{prieto_uttaro_mapiye_dugan_zamora_young_beltranena_2013, title={Estimation of pork fatty acid content from pigs fed reduced-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles using near infrared spectroscopy}, booktitle={Proceeding of the 59th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology}, author={Prieto, N. and Uttaro, B. and Mapiye, C. and Dugan, M.E.R. and Zamora, V. and Young, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, pages={112} }
 @inproceedings{prieto_uttaro_mapiye_dugan_zamora_young_beltranena_2013, title={Estimation of pork loin fatty acid composition from pigs fed reduced-oil corn dried distillers grains with solubles using near infrared spectroscopy and two sample treatments}, booktitle={CSAS-CMSA Joint Annual Meeting}, author={Prieto, N. and Uttaro, B. and Mapiye, C. and Dugan, M. and Zamora, V. and Young, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2013, title={Evaluation of Camelina sativa as a feedstuff for layers: Effects of increasing dietary inclusion and copper supplementation on egg production and physical egg quality}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2013, title={Evaluation of Camelina sativa as a feedstuff for layers: Effects of increasing dietary inclusion and layer strain on feed intake, egg production, and physical egg quality}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_christianson_beltranena_2013, title={Evaluation of Camelina sativa as a feedstuff for layers: Effects of increasing dietary inclusion, copper supplementation and layer strain on post-mortem signs of toxicity, organ weights, and serology}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Christianson, C. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2013, title={Expeller-pressed vs. solvent-extracted B. napus and B. juncea canola meal for laying hens}, booktitle={Prairie Poultry Meeting}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={Feed preference of nursery pigs fed diets with soybean meal, Napus canola meal or Juncea canola meal}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={30} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={Feeding solvent-extracted, yellow-coloured canola meal to weaned pigs}, volume={34}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={47–48} }
 @article{woyengo_yáñez_young_lanz_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={Feeding value of green canola seed fed to growing-finishing pigs}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Yáñez, J. and Young, M. and Lanz, G. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={28} }
 @article{woyengo_jha_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={In vitro degradation and fermentation characteristics of expeller-pressed canola meal and cold-pressed canola cake in the pig intestine}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={634} }
 @article{woyengo_jha_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={In-vitro degradation and fermentation characteristics of expeller-pressed canola meal and cold-pressed canola cake simulating the pig intestine}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={634} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2013, title={Increasing dietary inclusion of camelina meal for laying hens; effects on performance and egg quality}, booktitle={Prairie Poultry Meeting}, author={Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @article{zhou_young_zamora_zijlstra_beltranena_2013, title={Increasing dietary levels of extruded and expeller-pressed canola juncea meal on pig growth performance and carcass traits}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zhou, X. and Young, M. and Zamora, V. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, pages={45} }
 @article{beltranena_schoonderwoerd_2013, title={Is the mineral content of hog diets too low?}, volume={34}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Schoonderwoerd, M.}, year={2013}, pages={30–33} }
 @inproceedings{prieto_uttaro_mapiye_dugan_zamora_young_zijlstra_aalhus_beltranena_2013, title={Near infrared spectroscopy predicting fatty acid composition in backfat from pigs fed reduced-oil corn dried distillers grains with solubles}, booktitle={Proceeding of the 59th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology}, author={Prieto, N. and Uttaro, B. and Mapiye, C. and Dugan, M.E.R. and Zamora, V. and Young, M. and Zijlstra, R. and Aalhus, J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, pages={112} }
 @article{woyengo_moehn_beltranena_zijlstra_2013, title={Net energy of field pea, Napus and Juncea canola meals, and wheat millrun fed to growing-finishing pigs}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Moehn, S. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={687} }
 @article{beltranena_2013, title={Not withdrawing feed from hogs before slaughter is costly to producers, packers, and Canada’s pork exports}, volume={34}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, pages={48–50} }
 @article{woyengo_jha_beltranena_pharazyn_zijlstra_2013, title={Nutritional value of lentil and micronized full-fat soybean fed to growing-finishing pigs}, volume={91}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Pharazyn, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={26} }
 @article{woyengo_jha_beltranena_pharazyn_zijlstra_2013, title={Nutritive value of lentil, regular and low-oligosaccharides full-fat soybean fed to grower pigs}, volume={34}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Pharazyn, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2013}, pages={58–61} }
 @inproceedings{prieto_uttaro_mapiye_dugan_zamora_young_beltranena_2013, title={Potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict fatty acid composition in subcutaneous fat from pigs fed reduced-oil corn dried distillers grains with solubles}, booktitle={CSAS-CMSA Joint Annual Meeting}, author={Prieto, N. and Uttaro, B. and Mapiye, C. and Dugan, M. and Zamora, V. and Young, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_beltranena_2013, title={Solvent-extracted vs. extruded-expeller-pressed B. napus and B. juncea fed to layers: Effects on feed intake, egg production, and physical egg quality}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2013, title={Swine convert co-products from food and biofuel industries into animal protein for food}, volume={3}, ISSN={2160-6056 2160-6064}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/af.2013-0014}, DOI={10.2527/af.2013-0014}, abstractNote={As omnivores, pigs are ideally suited to convert non human-edible feedstuffs into high quality food animal protein. Dietary inclusion of co-products from food and bio-fuel production will considerably improve the human-edible protein balance (edible protein output/input) of swine production. Compared with traditional diets based on a single grain as an energy source and soybean meal as a protein source, feeding high inclusion levels of co-products has a greater risk. This risk can be managed using modern feed formulation, feed evaluation, feed enzymes, and feed processing to attain predictable swine growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality. Dietary inclusion of co-products reduces feed cost per unit of pork produced and is part of an effort to create sustainable swine production systems. Fast adoption of feeding co-products is driven by unprecedented high corn and soybean meal prices.}, number={2}, journal={Animal Frontiers}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zijlstra, R. T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={48–53} }
 @article{thacker_deep_beltranena_2013, title={Use of a post-production fractionation process improves the nutritional value of wheat distillers grains with solubles for young broiler chicks}, volume={4}, ISSN={2049-1891}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-4-18}, DOI={10.1186/2049-1891-4-18}, abstractNote={Post-production fractionation of wheat distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) increases their crude protein content and reduces their fiber content. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fractionation of wheat DDGS on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and performance when fed to broiler chicks (0-21 d).A total of 150, day-old, male broiler chicks (Ross-308 line; Lilydale Hatchery, Wynyard, Saskatchewan) weighing an average of 49.6 ± 0.8 g were assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The control diet was based on wheat and soybean meal and contained 20% regular wheat DDGS. The experimental diets contained 5, 10, 15 or 20% fractionated wheat DDGS added at the expense of regular wheat DDGS.The ATTD of dry matter and gross energy were linearly increased (P < 0.01) as the level of fractionated wheat DDGS in the diet increased. Nitrogen retention was unaffected by level of fractionated wheat DDGS (P > 0.05). Weight gain increased linearly (P = 0.05) as the level of fractionated wheat DDGS in the diet increased. Feed intake, feed conversion and mortality were unaffected by level of fractionated wheat DDGS in the diet (P > 0.05).Post-production fractionation of wheat DDGS improves their nutritional value by lowering their fiber content and increasing their content of crude protein and energy. These changes in chemical composition supported increased weight gain of broilers fed wheat DDGS.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Thacker, Philip and Deep, Aman and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2013}, month={Apr} }
 @misc{zijlstra_beltranena_2012, title={Alternative Feedstuffs in Swine Diets}, ISBN={9780813805344 9781118491454}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118491454.ch10}, DOI={10.1002/9781118491454.ch10}, abstractNote={This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Feed Formulation and Risk Management Crops Co-products Summary References}, journal={Sustainable Swine Nutrition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zijlstra, Ruurd T. and Beltranena, Eduardo}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={229–253} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2012, place={Athens}, title={Comparison of ileal endogenous amino acid measurements in growing broilers fed an N-free diet or a diet containing a source of highly digestible protein}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={115} }
 @article{beltranena_2012, title={Densing up energy in young pig diets}, volume={1}, number={5}, journal={Swine Innovation Porc}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2012} }
 @article{le_buchet_beltranena_gerrits_zijlstra_2012, title={Digestibility energy and amino acids of canola meal from two species (Brassica juncea and Brassica napus) fed to distal ileum cannulated grower pigs1}, volume={90}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.53952}, DOI={10.2527/jas.53952}, abstractNote={Yellow-seeded Brassica juncea is a novel canola species targeted to grow in the southern Canadian prairies where thermotolerance, disease resistance, and adaptation to dry agronomic conditions are required. The support of its cultivation needs nutritional evaluation of its coproduct. The B. juncea canola meal (CM) contains less fiber than conventional, dark-seeded Brassica napus CM but also slightly less Lys. In a 6 × 6 Latin square, 6 distal ileum cannulated pigs (47 kg BW) were fed 6 diets to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA, AID and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, and VFA content in digesta and feces. Pigs were fed 6 diets: basal [46% wheat (Triticum aestivum) and corn (Zea mays) starch], 4 diets with 46% wheat and either B. juncea or B. napus CM at 25 or 50%, and a N-free diet based on corn starch. The B. juncea CM had higher (P < 0.05) ATTD of energy than B. napus CM (68.6 vs. 60.3%) likely due to its lower fiber content. Ileal total VFA was lower (P < 0.001) in pigs fed B. juncea than B. napus CM diets. In pigs fed B. juncea CM, the molar ratio in digesta was lower (P < 0.001) for acetate and butyrate whereas the propionate ratio was lower (P < 0.001) in feces than in pigs fed B. napus CM diets. The CM species did not affect the AID of energy, SID of AA, and feces VFA content. The DE value was higher (P < 0.05) and content of SID Lys was lower (P < 0.05) for B. juncea than B. napus CM. In conclusion, availability of B. juncea CM, a coproduct of a canola species grown in Canadian prairie land, will increase flexibility in swine feed formulation.}, number={suppl_4}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Le, M. H. A. and Buchet, A. D. G. and Beltranena, E. and Gerrits, W. J. J. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={218–220} }
 @inproceedings{le_buchet_beltranena_gerrits_zijlstra_2012, title={Digestibility of canola meal from 2 species (Brassica juncea and Brassica napus) fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs}, booktitle={12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Book of Abstracts}, author={Le, M.H.A. and Buchet, A.D.G. and Beltranena, E. and Gerrits, W.J.J. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2012}, pages={82–83} }
 @article{beltranena_2012, title={Driving down feed costs with alternative ingredients}, volume={33}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={31–40} }
 @article{oryschak_slominski_beltranena_2012, place={Athens}, title={Effect of increasing dietary inclusion of solvent-extracted B. juncea vs. B. napus canola meal on broiler growth performance, carcass traits and yield of carcass components}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Slominski, B. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={86} }
 @inproceedings{bench_oryschak_beltranena_2012, title={Effects of dietary crude protein level and provision of perches on growth performance, carcass traits, foot pad quality and behaviour of broilers}, booktitle={International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE)}, author={Bench, C.J. and Oryschak, M.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2012} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2012, title={Feeding expeller-pressed canola meal to weaned pigs}, volume={33}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2012}, pages={44–47} }
 @inproceedings{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2012, title={Growth performance and preference studies to evaluate solvent-extracted Brassica napus or Brassica juncea canola meal fed to weaned pigs}, booktitle={12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Book of Abstracts}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2012}, pages={132–133} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2012, title={Growth performance and preference studies to evaluate solvent-extracted Brassica napus or Brassica juncea canola meal fed to weaned pigs1}, volume={90}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.53955}, DOI={10.2527/jas.53955}, abstractNote={Inclusion of conventional dark-seeded (Brassica napus) and novel yellow-seeded (Brassica juncea) canola meal (CM) can potentially replace soybean (Glycine max) meal (SBM) in pig diets. Our objective was to examine the preference of weaned pigs fed diets containing SBM or B. napus or B. juncea CM and to compare it against previously reported growth performance data (Exp. 1 and 2). In Exp. 1 and 2, growth performance was evaluated using 220 and 240 weaned pigs, respectively, by replacing dietary SBM with up to 20% B. napus (Exp. 1) or 24% B. juncea CM (Exp. 2). Feeding up to 20% B. napus CM to pigs did not affect growth performance, but increasing inclusion of B. juncea CM linearly reduced (P < 0.001) ADFI, ADG, and G:F most likely due to the higher content of glucosinolates, particularly gluconapin in B. juncea CM as confirmed by principle component analysis. In Exp. 3 and 4, SBM and B. napus and B. juncea CM fed at 20% dietary inclusion were evaluated in 2 preference studies using 216 and 144 pigs of 35 d of age, respectively. Pens equipped with 2 feeders housed 8 or 4 pigs per pen, in Exp. 3 and 4, respectively. Diets formulated to equal NE and standardized ileal digestible AA were offered in a paired choice as mash (Exp. 3) or pellets (Exp. 4) for 3 consecutive 7-d periods (3 d nontest and 4 d preference test). The 3 treatments offered were (i) SBM vs. B. napus CM, (ii) SBM vs. B. juncea CM, and (iii) B. napus vs. B. juncea CM. Pigs preferred SBM (P < 0.001) over B. napus and B. juncea CM diets, and pigs preferred B. napus (P < 0.001) over B. juncea CM diet. High content of the glucosinolate gluconapin likely reduced feed preference in B. juncea more than in B. napus CM. In conclusion, the contrast between preference and performance studies feeding CM to pigs indicates that preference studies should be interpreted cautiously until validated by growth performance data.}, number={suppl_4}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Landero, J. L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={406–408} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2012, title={Nutrient and energy digestibility of air-classified faba bean and field pea protein and starch concentrates in 21-day old broilers}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={137} }
 @article{oryschak_korver_beltranena_2012, title={Nutrient digestibility in Canadian-grown pulse crops compared to soybean meal for growing broilers at 15- and 29-d of age}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={43} }
 @article{oryschak_korver_beltranena_2012, title={Nutrient digestibility of air-classified pulse protein concentrates and wet-fractionated soy protein concentrate for 15-d-old broiler chicks}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={136} }
 @article{woyengo_yáñez_young_beltranena_zijlstra_2012, title={Nutritional value of green canola seed fed to growing-finishing pigs}, volume={34}, number={1}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Woyengo, T.A. and Yáñez, J. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2012}, pages={39–42} }
 @article{beltranena_2012, title={Oilseed co-products as alternative ingredients}, volume={33}, number={4}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={42–44} }
 @article{beltranena_2012, title={Reducing feed cost with canola meal}, volume={1}, number={6}, journal={Swine Innovation Porc}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2012} }
 @article{oryschak_annett_beltranena_2012, place={Athens}, title={Screw-pressed Camelina sativa meal as feedstuff for broilers: Effects of graded dietary inclusion on organ weights and post-mortem signs of toxicity}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Annett, C. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2012}, pages={137} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_cervantes_araiza_zijlstra_2012, title={The effect of feeding expeller-pressed canola meal on growth performance and diet nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs}, volume={171}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.11.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.11.004}, abstractNote={The effects of feeding increasing levels of expeller-pressed (EP) canola meal in substitution for soybean meal as an energy and amino acid source were evaluated in 240 weaned pigs with an initial body weight of 7.3 ± 0.6 kg. Five pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 g EP canola meal/kg were formulated to contain 10.0 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.18 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE and were fed for 4 wk starting 1 wk after weaning at 19 days of age. Expeller-pressed canola meal was added at the expense of soybean meal and the diets were balanced for NE using canola oil and for amino acids using crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. Increasing inclusion of EP canola meal linearly reduced (P<0.001) the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, dry matter and crude protein and the digestible energy content of diets. From 0 to 28 days on trial, increasing inclusion of EP canola meal did not affect body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency. In conclusion, up to 200 g EP canola meal/kg can replace soybean meal in diets formulated to equal NE and SID amino acid content and fed to nursery pigs starting 1 wk after weaning without reducing growth performance.}, number={2-4}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Araiza, A.B. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={240–245} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2012, title={The effect of feeding lentil on growth performance and diet nutrient digestibility in starter pigs}, volume={174}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.02.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.02.010}, abstractNote={The effects of substitution of soybean meal with increasing levels of green lentil (Lens culinaris) were evaluated in 240 starter pigs from 9 to 20 kg. Five pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 75, 150, 225, or 300 g lentil/kg were formulated to contain 9.76 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.20 g standardised ileal digestible lysine (Lys)/MJ NE and were fed for 3 weeks starting 2 weeks after weaning at 19 days of age. Lentil was added by replacing soybean meal and wheat and the diets were balanced for NE using canola oil and for amino acids using crystalline Lys, threonine, methionine and tryptophan. Increasing dietary inclusion of lentil linearly decreased (P<0.001) the diet apparent total tract digestibility coefficient for crude protein from 0.821 to 0.798 and digestible energy value from 14.4 to 14.0 MJ/kg. For the entire trial (day 0–21), increasing dietary inclusion of lentil linearly decreased (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and quadratically reduced (P<0.01) feed efficiency (G:F). Specifically, pigs fed 75–225 g lentil/kg had a similar ADG and G:F than pigs fed 0 g lentil/kg, whilst the inclusion of 300 g lentil/kg reduced (P<0.01) both ADG and G:F by 10%. Differences in feed intake were not observed (P>0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of green lentil should not exceed 225 g/kg in diets for nursery pigs to maintain similar performance as pigs fed a diet with soybean meal as the main supplemental protein feedstuff.}, number={1-2}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2012}, month={Jun}, pages={108–112} }
 @article{jha_htoo_young_beltranena_zijlstra_2012, title={The effect of increasing feed inclusions of co-products and reducing dietary crude protein on pork omega-3 fatty acid content and feed cost}, volume={33}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Jha, R. and Htoo, J.K. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2012}, pages={46–49} }
 @article{zhang_beltranena_christensen_yu_2012, title={Use of a Dry Fractionation Process To Manipulate the Chemical Profile and Nutrient Supply of a Coproduct from Bioethanol Processing}, volume={60}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf3009487}, DOI={10.1021/jf3009487}, abstractNote={With an available processing technology (fractionation), coproducts from bioethanol processing (wheat dried distillers grains with solubles, DDGS) could be fractionated to a desired/optimal chemical and nutrient profile. There is no study, to the author's knowledge, on manipulating nutrient profiles through fractionation processing in bioethanol coproducts in ruminants. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of fractionation processing of a coproduct from bioethanol processing (wheat DDGS) on the metabolic characteristics of the proteins and to study the effects of fractionation processing on the magnitude of changes in chemical and nutrient supply to ruminants by comparing chemical and nutrient characterization, in situ rumen degradation kinetics, truly absorbed protein supply, and protein degraded balance among different fractions of coproduct of wheat DDGS. In this study, wheat DDGS was dry fractionationed into A, B, C, and D fractions according to particle size, gravity, and protein and fiber contents. The results showed that the fractionation processing changed wheat DDGS chemical and nutrient profiles. NDF and ADF increased from fraction A to D (NDF, from 330 to 424; ADF, from 135 to 175 g/kg DM). Subsequently, CP decreased (CP, from 499 to 363 g/kg DM), whereas soluble CP, NPN, and carbohydrate increased (SCP, from 247 to 304 g/kg CP; NPN, from 476 to 943 g/kg SCP; CHO, from 409 to 538 g/kg DM) from fraction A to D. The CNCPS protein and carbohydrate subfractions were also changed by the fractionation processing. Effective degradability of DM and CP and total digestible protein decreased from fraction A to D (EDDM, from 734 to 649; EDCP, from 321 to 241; TDP, from 442 to 312 g/kg DM). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine decreased from fraction A to D (DVE value, from 186 to 124 g/kg DM; MP in NRC-2001, from 193 to 136 g/kg DM). Degraded protein balance decreased from wheat DDGS fractions A-D (DPB in the DVE/OEB system, from 245 to 161 g/kg DM; DPB in NRC-2001, from 242 to 158 g/kg DM). The fractionation processing had a great impact on the chemical and nutrition profiles. Total truly digested and absorbed protein supply and degraded protein balance were decreased. The processing relatively optimized the protein degraded balance of the coproducts to dairy cattle. Compared with the original wheat DDGS (without fractionation), fractionation processing decreased truly absorbed protein supply of DVE and MP values. In conclusion, fractionation processing can be used to manipulate the nutrient supply and N-to-energy degradation synchronization ratio of coproducts from bioethanol processing. Among the fractions, fraction A was the best in terms of its highest truly absorbed protein DVE and MP values. Fractionation processing has great potential to fractionate a coproduct into a desired and optimal chemical and nutrient profile. To the author's knowledge, this is the first paper to show that with fractionation processing, the coproducts from bioethanol processing (wheat DDGS) could be manipulated to provide a desired/optimized nutrient supply to ruminants.}, number={27}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Zhang, Xuewei and Beltranena, Eduardo and Christensen, Colleen and Yu, Peiqiang}, year={2012}, month={Jun}, pages={6846–6854} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_korver_beltranena_2011, title={A comparison of nutrient digestibility in wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 3 wheat DDGS fractions produced using a 2-step dry fractionation process for broilers}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D.R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011} }
 @article{jha_htoo_young_beltranena_zijlstra_2011, title={Dietary co-products may enhance pork omega-3 fatty acid and reduce feed costs without affecting carcass quality and growth}, volume={32}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Jha, R. and Htoo, J.K. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2011}, pages={56–58} }
 @article{yáñez_beltranena_2011, title={Dry fractionation creates highly digestible fractions of wheat DDGS for grower pigs}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Yáñez, J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011}, pages={60} }
 @article{seneviratne_beltranena_goonewardene_zijlstra_2011, title={Effect of crude glycerol combined with solvent-extracted or expeller-pressed canola meal on growth performance and diet nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs}, volume={170}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.07.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.07.009}, abstractNote={Partially substituting soybean meal and wheat with canola co-products was evaluated using 240 weaned pigs [6.3 kg initial body weight (BW)]. Pigs were fed for 4 week pelleted diets containing 150 g/kg of solvent-extracted or expeller-pressed canola meal either with 0 or 50 g/kg crude glycerol or a soybean meal control diet to measure performance and diet nutrient digestibility. The wheat-based diets were formulated to contain 9.45 MJ/kg net energy (NE) and 1.13 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)/MJ NE. Glycerol increased (P<0.05) diet digestible energy content by 0.6 and 0.2 MJ/kg of dry matter for solvent-extracted and expeller-pressed canola meal diets, respectively. Canola co-product diets had a lower (P<0.05) nutrient digestibility than the control diet, while DE content did not differ. For days 0–28, BW gain and feed efficiency did not differ between the types of canola meal, the two levels of glycerol, and the canola co-product diets and control diet, although feed intake was 6% higher (P<0.05) for the control than canola co-product diets. In conclusion, 150 g/kg of solvent-extracted or expeller-pressed canola meal or with 50 g/kg glycerol can partially replace soybean meal and wheat in diets formulated to equal NE and SID amino acid content fed to weaned pigs without affecting growth performance.}, number={1-2}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Seneviratne, R.W. and Beltranena, E. and Goonewardene, L.A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={105–110} }
 @article{seneviratne_zijlstra_beltranena_2011, title={Effect of feeding spring triticale cultivars and low-protein feed wheat on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Seneviratne, R. and Zijlstra, R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011}, pages={249} }
 @article{yáñez_beltranena_cervantes_zijlstra_2011, title={Effect of phytase and xylanase supplementation or particle size on nutrient digestibility of diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles cofermented from wheat and corn in ileal-cannulated grower pigs1}, volume={89}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3127}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2010-3127}, abstractNote={Nutrient digestibility in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is limited by physical constraints such as particle size and by biochemical limitations such as phytate and fiber or nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). To determine the separate effects of these limitations on nutrient digestibility, ground DDGS (383 µm) supplemented with phytase (0 or 250 units/kg of feed) and xylanase (0 or 4,000 units/kg of feed) was evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments together with unground DDGS (517 µm) and an N-free diet in a 6 × 6 Latin square. Cofermented wheat and corn DDGS contained 8.6% moisture, 31.0% CP, 1.04% Lys, 8.0% ether extract, 2.0% starch, 40% NDF, and 0.85% P (as-is basis). Diets contained 43.7% DDGS as the sole source of AA; the digesta from pigs fed the N-free diet served to subtract basal endogenous AA losses and as control for energy digestibility. Six ileal-cannulated barrows (37.1 ± 0.8 kg of BW) were fed 6 diets at 2.8 × maintenance for DE in six 9-d periods. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d each. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of GE and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE and NDF were 2.3, 0.5, and 5.1%-units greater (P < 0.05) for the ground than unground DDGS diet, respectively. Consequently, the ATTD of GE was 1.3%-units greater (P < 0.05) and the DE content was 0.06 Mcal/kg greater (P < 0.05) for ground than unground DDGS, respectively. Grinding of DDGS did not affect (P > 0.05) the ATTD of crude fiber, ADF, P, and Ca in diets. Grinding of DDGS increased (P < 0.05) the AID of most AA in diets including Lys, Met, and Thr by 6.9, 1.1, and 1.7%-units, respectively. Grinding of DDGS increased (P < 0.05) the SID of Lys by 6.2%-units and SID content of Lys and Thr by 0.06 and 0.02%-units, respectively. Phytase and xylanase did not interact (P > 0.05) to affect nutrient digestibility. Phytase increased (P < 0.001) the ATTD of P by 10.5%-units, but did not affect (P > 0.05) AA digestibility. Xylanase did not affect nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, particle size is an important physical characteristic affecting digestibility of energy and AA, but not P in DDGS. Phytate in DDGS limits digestibility of P, but not energy and AA. The substrate for xylanase in DDGS did not hinder energy and AA digestibility.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Yáñez, J. L. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={113–123} }
 @article{kandel_beltranena_yañez_zijlstra_2011, title={Energy, CP, and AA digestibility of wheat, triticale, and corn distillers dried grains with solubles and digesta and feces VFA content in grower-finisher pigs}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Kandel, K. and Beltranena, E. and Yañez, J. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2011}, pages={59} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2011, title={Evaluating the nutrient quality of co-product feedstuffs}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011}, pages={68} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2011, title={Feeding increasing canola meal levels to weaned pigs}, volume={33}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2011}, pages={56–58} }
 @article{seneviratne_young_lanz_zijlstra_beltranena_2011, title={Feeding increasing canola meal levels with wheat distillers dried grains with solubles to grower-finisher pigs}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Seneviratne, R. and Young, M. and Lanz, G. and Zijlstra, R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011}, pages={60} }
 @article{seneviratne_young_lanz_campbell_zijlstra_beltranena_2011, title={Feeding increasing levels of canola meal with distillers dried grains and solubles to hogs}, volume={32}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Seneviratne, R. and Young, M. and Lanz, G. and Campbell, N. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011}, pages={39–43} }
 @article{seneviratne_young_lanz_campbell_zijlstra_beltranena_2011, title={Feeding increasing levels of yellow-vs. dark-seeded canola meal to hogs}, volume={32}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Seneviratne, R. and Young, M. and Lanz, G. and Campbell, N. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011}, pages={44–47} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_zijlstra_2011, title={Feeding lentil to weaned pigs}, volume={33}, number={1}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2011}, pages={52–55} }
 @article{oryschak_aalhus_dugan_young_campbell_zijlstra_beltranena_2011, title={Graded inclusion of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for grower finisher pigs: growth performance, carcass traits, dissected pork yield, loin and belly quality}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Oryschak, M. and Aalhus, J. and Dugan, M. and Young, M. and Campbell, N. and Zijlstra, R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011}, pages={60–61} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_korver_beltranena_2011, title={Nutrient digestibility in canola meal for broilers: Effects of oil extraction method and fractionation by air classification}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D.R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_korver_beltranena_2011, title={Nutrient digestibility of 4 varieties of triticale compared to that of Canadian Prairie Spring wheat for broilers}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D.R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2011} }
 @article{yáñez_beltranena_zijlstra_2011, title={Nutritional value of co-products for ileal-cannulated grower pigs}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Yáñez, J. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2011}, pages={61–62} }
 @article{seneviratne_beltranena_newkirk_goonewardene_zijlstra_2011, title={Processing conditions affect nutrient digestibility of cold-pressed canola cake for grower pigs1}, volume={89}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3569}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2010-3569}, abstractNote={Cold-pressed canola cake is a coproduct of biodiesel production that contains more residual oil than expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted canola meal. Cold-pressed canola cake might be an attractive feedstuff for swine due to local availability from small plants. However, the nutritional quality and content of anti-nutritional factors of cold-pressed canola cake are poorly defined and vary with processing conditions. This experiment evaluated cold-pressed canola cake processed using 4 different conditions: a nonheated and heated barrel at slow and fast screw speed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Seven ileally cannulated barrows (26 kg of BW) were fed twice daily at 2.8 × maintenance diets containing either 44% of 1 of the 4 cold-pressed canola cake samples, expeller-pressed canola meal, canola seed, or an N-free diet in a 7 × 7 Latin square. The objectives were to measure the energy and AA digestibility and to calculate standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA and NE content. Each 9-d experimental period consisted of a 5-d diet adaptation, followed by 2-d feces and 2-d ileal digesta collections, and 7 observations per diet were obtained. Cold-pressed canola cake contained 41% CP, 16% ether extract, and 5 µmol of total glucosinolates/g (DM basis). Both apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract energy digestibility of energy in cold-pressed canola cake was 36% greater (P < 0.05) in heated vs. nonheated conditions and 8% greater (P < 0.05) in fast vs. slow screw speed without interaction, indicating that heat enhanced energy digestibility. The AID of energy of cold-pressed canola cake was 13 and 118% greater (P < 0.01) than expeller-pressed canola meal and canola seed, respectively. Heat and speed interacted (P < 0.05) for SID of AA of test ingredients, but effects were not consistent among AA. The DE and calculated NE content of cold-pressed canola cake was 0.73 and 0.52 Mcal/kg greater (P=0.001; DM basis), respectively, than expeller-pressed canola meal and did not differ from canola seed. Cold-pressed canola cake averaged 4.17 Mcal of DE/kg, 2.84 Mcal of NE/kg, 0.87% SID Lys, 0.46% SID Met, and 0.79% SID Thr (DM basis). In conclusion, processing conditions greatly affected the digestible nutrient content of cold-pressed canola cake. Content of residual ether extract was an important determinant of the energy value of cold-press canola cake, whereas residual glucosinolates did not seem to hamper nutrient digestibility.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Seneviratne, R. W. and Beltranena, E. and Newkirk, R. W. and Goonewardene, L. A. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={2452–2461} }
 @article{landero_beltranena_cervantes_morales_zijlstra_2011, title={The effect of feeding solvent-extracted canola meal on growth performance and diet nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs}, volume={170}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.08.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.08.003}, abstractNote={The effects of feeding increasing levels of solvent-extracted canola meal in substitution for soybean meal as an energy and amino acid source were evaluated in 220 weaned pigs with an initial body weight of 8.1 ± 1.8 kg. Five pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 g canola meal/kg were formulated to contain 9.74 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.21 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE and were fed for 4 wk starting 1 wk after weaning at 19 days of age. Canola meal was added at the expense of soybean meal and the diets were balanced for NE using canola oil and for amino acids using crystalline lysine, threonine and tryptophan. Increasing inclusion of canola meal reduced linearly (P<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, dry matter and crude protein and quadratically (P<0.05) the digestible energy content of diets. From 0 to 28 days on trial, increasing inclusion of canola meal did not affect body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency. In conclusion, up to 200 g solvent-extracted canola meal/kg can replace soybean meal in diets formulated to equal NE and SID amino acid content and fed to weaned pigs without detrimental effects on growth performance.}, number={1-2}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Landero, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Morales, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={136–140} }
 @book{beltranena_2010, title={Boar taint control in pork: a new alternative}, url={https://open.alberta.ca/publications/5333886}, number={443/67-1}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={443 67–1} }
 @article{gunawardena_zijlstra_beltranena_2010, title={Characterization of the nutritional value of air-classified protein and starch fractions of field pea and zero-tannin faba bean in grower pigs1}, volume={88}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1980}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2009-1980}, abstractNote={Most pulse (nonoilseed legume) seed flours can be fractionated rapidly and economically by air classification into protein and starch concentrates. The nutritional value of air-classified field pea and faba bean concentrates requires characterization to assess the feeding opportunity for pigs. Thus, the objectives were to characterize the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, energy, starch, CP, fat, and ash; apparent ileal digestibility of CP and starch; standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA; and the SID AA, DE, and NE content of air-classified zero-tannin faba bean and field pea protein and starch concentrates in grower pigs. Pulse protein and starch concentrates were compared with soy protein concentrate and corn starch, respectively, as corresponding standards. The corn starch diet served as an N-free diet to correct for basal endogenous AA losses. In a Youden square design, 8 ileal-cannulated barrows (24.9 +/- 2.3 kg of BW) were fed 6 diets over 7 periods at 3 times the maintenance DE requirement. Periods encompassed a 5-d diet acclimation, 3-d feces collection, and 3-d ileal digesta collection. The ATTD of GE was 2% greater (P < 0.05) for faba bean than soy and was intermediate for field pea protein (95.6, 93.7, and 94.9%, respectively). The ATTD of GE was 3.6% greater (P < 0.05) for corn and field pea than faba bean starch (96.2, 95.1, and 92.3%, respectively). The DE content of faba bean was 5.0% greater (P < 0.05) than for field pea or soy protein (4.47, 4.23, and 4.26 Mcal/kg, respectively). The DE content of faba bean and field pea was 1.7% greater (P < 0.05) than for corn starch (3.72, 3.77, and 3.68 Mcal/kg, respectively). The NE content was 5% greater (P < 0.05) for faba bean than field pea and soy protein (3.08, 2.94, and 2.92 Mcal/kg, respectively). The NE content for field pea starch was 2.0% greater (P < 0.05) than for corn starch and faba bean starch (2.68, 2.63, and 2.61 Mcal/kg, respectively). Protein concentrates had a 14 and 11% greater (P < 0.05) DE and NE content, respectively, than starch concentrates. The SID of Lys was 6.0% greater (P < 0.05) for faba bean and field pea protein than soy protein (95.5, 92.6, and 88.7%, respectively). The SID of Lys was 6.0% greater (P < 0.05) for faba bean than field pea starch. Nutrient digestibility and digestible nutrient profiles indicated that air-classified fractions of zero-tannin faba bean and field pea constitute concentrated sources of AA and energy for pigs with high nutritional demands.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Gunawardena, C. K. and Zijlstra, R. T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={660–670} }
 @inproceedings{beltranena_oryschak_korver_2010, title={Co-products and fractions for broiler feeding}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Prairie Poultry Meeting}, author={Beltranena, E. and Oryschak, M. and Korver, D.}, year={2010} }
 @article{oryschak_korver_zuidhof_meng_beltranena_2010, title={Comparative feeding value of extruded and nonextruded wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles for broilers}, volume={89}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00758}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2010-00758}, abstractNote={The feeding value of extruded and nonextruded wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) for broilers was evaluated in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, male broilers (n=360) housed in battery cages were fed assay diets that included either 15 or 30% wheat or corn DDGS (extruded or not) in relation to a basal diet from d 21 to 28. Birds were killed on d 28 and ileal digesta was collected to establish the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficients of energy and nutrients for test ingredients using the difference method based on 5 cages of 8 birds per diet. In experiment 2, a 42-d study compared the growth performance of broilers fed phase diets including 0, 5, or 10% wheat or corn DDGS, based on 4 pens of 55 birds per diet×sex combination. Diets within phase were formulated to have a similar content of AME, CP, and digestible lysine. Breast meat weight and yield were determined on d 37 by sampling 5 birds per pen. In experiment 1, at 15% inclusion, AID coefficients of most amino acids were higher for corn DDGS than for wheat DDGS (P<0.05). At 30% inclusion, however, there were fewer differences in AID between corn and wheat DDGS. Twin-screw extrusion increased the AID of AA in both corn and wheat DDGS by 10 to 34% (P<0.05). In experiment 2, there was no adverse effect of including corn or wheat DDGS at up to 10% of the diet on pen average daily weight gain, feed disappearance, feed efficiency, breast meat weight, or yield. In conclusion, extrusion increased the feeding value of DDGS. The AID coefficients for amino acids were similar between corn and wheat DDGS. We also confirmed that either corn or wheat DDGS can be included at up to 10% of wheat-based broiler diets without affecting growth performance or breast meat yield.}, number={10}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D. and Zuidhof, M. and Meng, X. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={2183–2196} }
 @article{jha_htoo_young_beltranena_zijlstra_2010, title={Effects of co-products inclusion on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs}, volume={88}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Jha, R. and Htoo, J.K. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2010}, pages={553–554} }
 @article{zijlstra_jha_young_patience_beltranena_htoo_2010, title={Effects of dietary crude protein and inclusion of co-products on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs}, volume={88}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Jha, R. and Young, M.G. and Patience, J.F. and Beltranena, E. and Htoo, J.K.}, year={2010}, pages={554} }
 @inproceedings{zijlstra_beltranena_2010, title={Evaluation and use of co-products from the biofuel industry in pigs}, number={16}, booktitle={Book of Abstracts of the 61st Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, pages={77} }
 @article{beltranena_2010, title={Feed research finds fractions of distillers dried grains favourable}, journal={Agri-News}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, month={Apr} }
 @article{jha_avelar_beltranena_cervantes_morales_zijlstra_2010, title={Feeding wheat distillers dried grain with solubles to weaned pigs}, volume={31}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Jha, R. and Avelar, E. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Morales, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2010}, pages={38–39} }
 @article{beltranena_2010, title={Low cost processing of wheat DDGS yields fractions targeted for monogastric and ruminant animal feeding}, volume={32}, number={1}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, pages={36} }
 @article{oryschak_korver_zuidhof_beltranena_2010, title={Nutritive value of single-screw extruded and nonextruded triticale distillers dried grains with solubles, with and without an enzyme complex, for broilers}, volume={89}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2009-00619}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2009-00619}, abstractNote={The nutritive value of triticale distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) for broilers was investigated in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, four hundred male broilers housed in battery cages were fed diets including 15 or 30% triticale DDGS (extruded or not) or a basal diet, supplemented with or without a multi-enzyme complex from d 21 to 28. Birds were killed and ileal digesta was collected on d 28 to establish the apparent ileal nutrient digestibility (AID) coefficients for both assay diets and DDGS as test ingredients based on 5 cages per diet. In experiment 2, a 42-d performance study compared growth phase-specific diets formulated to similar levels of AME, CP, and digestible lysine with graded levels (0, 5, or 10%) of triticale DDGS inclusion based on a minimum of 4 pens per diet x sex combination. Breast muscle weight and percentage yield were determined on d 37 by sampling 5 birds per pen. In experiment 1, there was a significant (P < 0.05) DDGS level of inclusion x enzyme interaction for CP, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine, and phenylalanine, such that the AID increased with enzyme supplementation based on 15% but not 30% DDGS inclusion. At 15% DDGS inclusion, enzyme supplementation increased the AID of these nutrients in DDGS between 6 and 19 percentage units. Extrusion of triticale DDGS increased (P < 0.05) the AID of GE, CP, methionine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, and phenylalanine between 3 and 8 percentage units. In experiment 2, feeding up to 10% triticale DDGS had no adverse effect on feed intake, weight gain, or feed efficiency of broilers compared with controls over the 42-d study. Feeding up to 10% triticale DDGS did not affect breast weight or yield on d 37. In conclusion, feed enzyme complex supplementation and extrusion both increased the nutritive value of triticale DDGS for broilers. Triticale DDGS can be fed at up to 10% of practical broiler diets without adverse effect on performance and breast muscle yield.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D. and Zuidhof, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={1411–1423} }
 @inproceedings{keenliside_wilkinson_willis_forgie_lu_patterson_beltranena_stigger_webby_fonseca_et al._2010, title={Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in a swine herd}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Pig Veterinary Society Congress}, author={Keenliside, J. and Wilkinson, C. and Willis, J. and Forgie, S. and Lu, P. and Patterson, J. and Beltranena, E. and Stigger, E. and Webby, R. and Fonseca, K. and et al.}, year={2010} }
 @article{seneviratne_beltranena_goonewardene_newkirk_zijlstra_2010, title={Processing conditions affect nutrient digestibility of cold-pressed canola cake for grower pigs}, volume={88}, number={E-Supplement 3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Seneviratne, R.W. and Beltranena, E. and Goonewardene, L.A. and Newkirk, R.W. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2010}, pages={60} }
 @article{gunawardena_zijlstra_goonewardene_beltranena_2010, title={Protein and starch concentrates of air-classified field pea and zero-tannin faba bean for weaned pigs1}, volume={88}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2291}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2009-2291}, abstractNote={Air-classified pulse (non-oilseed legume) protein and starch may replace specialty protein and starch feedstuffs in diets for weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, three specialty protein sources (5% soy protein concentrate, 5% corn gluten meal, and 5% menhaden meal in the control diet) were replaced with 16% zero-tannin hulled or dehulled faba bean, or 17.5% field pea protein concentrate. In total, 192 group-housed pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows per pen; BW = 7.5 +/- 1.4 kg) were fed wheat-based diets (3.60 Mcal/kg of DE and 3.3 g of standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal DE) over 28 d for 12 pen observations per each of 4 diets. Overall, protein source did not affect ADFI, ADG, or G:F. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, GE, and P was greater (P < 0.05) for dehulled faba bean and field pea protein concentrate diets than the diet with 3 specialty protein sources. In Exp. 2, faba bean and field pea starch concentrates were compared with corn, wheat, tapioca, and potato starch as dietary energy sources. In total, 36 individually housed barrows (BW = 8.0 +/- 1.5 kg) were fed 1 of 6 diets for 15 d. Feces and urine were collected from d 8 to 14, and jugular blood was sampled after overnight fast and refeeding on d 15. Starch source did not affect N retention as a percentage of N intake. For d 0 to 14, ADFI of pigs fed field pea starch was greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed corn, wheat, potato, and faba bean starch. Pigs fed tapioca, field pea, wheat, or corn starch grew faster (P < 0.05) than those fed faba bean or potato starch. For d 0 to 14, pigs fed corn or wheat starch had a 0.1 greater (P < 0.05) G:F than pigs fed faba bean, field pea, or potato starch. The ATTD of DM, GE, CP, and starch and the DE value of potato starch were much less (P < 0.05) than those of other starch diets. Postprandial plasma glucose was 4.9, 6.3, and 9 mmol/L greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed tapioca than for pigs fed faba bean, wheat, and potato starch, respectively. However, postprandial plasma insulin tended to be 844 and 577 pmol/L greater (P < 0.10) for pigs fed faba bean and corn starch, respectively, than for pigs fed potato starch. The high insulin response of pigs fed faba starch could not be explained. In conclusion, air-classified pulse protein concentrates can replace specialty protein feedstuffs in diets for weaned pigs. Feeding air-classified pulse starch concentrates to starter pigs achieved a similar N retention as a percentage of N intake. The factors responsible for the reduced ADFI associated with feeding faba bean starch remain unclear.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Gunawardena, C. K. and Zijlstra, R. T. and Goonewardene, L. A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={2627–2636} }
 @article{avelar_jha_beltranena_cervantes_morales_zijlstra_2010, title={The effect of feeding wheat distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs}, volume={160}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.06.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.06.009}, abstractNote={The effects of substituting soybean meal with wheat distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) as an energy and amino acid source on growth performance and dietary nutrient digestibility were evaluated in 240 weaned pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 6.2 ± 1.2 kg. Five pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 g wheat DDGS/kg were formulated to contain 10.0 MJ/kg net energy (NE) and 1.15 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)/MJ NE and were fed for 4 wk. For d 0–28, increasing dietary inclusion of wheat DDGS quadratically reduced BW gain (P<0.001) mainly due to a quadratically reduced (P<0.001) feed intake but also a reduced (P<0.001) feed efficiency. At d 28, pigs fed 50, 100, 150 and 200 g wheat DDGS/kg were 0.1, 0.1, 0.4 and 5.5 kg lighter (P<0.001) than pigs fed 0 g wheat DDGS/kg. In conclusion, weaned pigs fed diets formulated to equal NE and SID amino acids can be fed up to 100 g wheat DDGS/kg without reducing final body weight (BW) and up to 150 g wheat DDGS/kg with limited reductions in growth performance. Despite similar DE content among diets, inclusion of 200 g wheat DDGS/kg of drastically reduced growth performance of weaned pigs.}, number={1-2}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Avelar, E. and Jha, R. and Beltranena, E. and Cervantes, M. and Morales, A. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={73–77} }
 @article{patterson_beltranena_foxcroft_2010, title={The effect of gilt age at first estrus and breeding on third estrus on sow body weight changes and long-term reproductive performance1}, volume={88}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1756}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2008-1756}, abstractNote={The objective of this trial was to determine the effect of age at first estrus on BW changes and long-term reproductive performance of sows. At approximately 100 d of age, prepubertal C22 gilts (n = 431) were allocated to trial. At a pen average of 140 d of age, gilts began daily direct contact with mature boars to stimulate onset of puberty. Gilts (n = 317, 73%) were recorded as cyclic by 180 d of age (select) and were classified on the basis of age at puberty into 3 puberty groups: 1) early puberty (EP; <153 d of age; n = 85); 2) intermediate puberty (IP; 154 to 167 d of age; n = 140); or 3) late puberty (LP; 168 to 180 d of age; n = 90). Gilts not exhibiting the standing reflex by 180 d of age were considered nonselect (NS; n = 91). Mean day to puberty and age at puberty attainment in each of the classifications were EP: 9.6 +/- 0.5 d and 147.4 +/- 0.5 d; IP: 19.3 +/- 0.5 d and 159.9 +/- 0.3 d; LP: 33.8 +/- 0.7 and 175.7 +/- 0.6 d, respectively. Fewer NS gilts (73.0%) were bred than were EP (97.7%), IP (93.2%), or LP (93.0%) gilts (P < 0.05). Total number of piglets born and born alive were not different between classifications and increased (P < 0.05) over successive parities in EP, IP, and NS gilts. For gilts initially served, there was no effect of puberty group classification on retention in the herd to farrow a third litter, but the rate of fallout per parity tended to be greatest for NS (17.2%) compared with EP (12.4%), IP (15.6%), and LP (14.2%) gilts (P < 0.08). Taken together, these data suggest that the response to a standardized protocol of boar stimulation can identify 50 to 75% of gilts that will have greatest lifetime productivity in the breeding herd. In the known cyclic (select) gilts, BW increased over the productive life of the sow, and EP gilts were lighter than LP gilts at every measured event (P < 0.05). Plasma IGF-1 only differed between puberty groups at d 100 of age (EP: 169.0 +/- 4.4; IP: 157.2 +/- 3.5; LP: 144.0 +/- 4.4 ng/mL), suggesting a mechanism linking IGF-1 status and age at puberty in the present study.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Patterson, J. L. and Beltranena, E. and Foxcroft, G. R.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={2500–2513} }
 @article{seneviratne_young_beltranena_goonewardene_newkirk_zijlstra_2010, title={The nutritional value of expeller-pressed canola meal for grower-finisher pigs1}, volume={88}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2437}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2009-2437}, abstractNote={Expeller-pressed (EP) canola meal contains more residual oil than solvent-extracted canola meal and might be an attractive feedstuff for swine, but it has been poorly characterized. In Exp. 1, six ileal-cannulated barrows (36 kg of BW) were fed at 3x maintenance either a 44% EP canola meal diet or a N-free diet in a crossover design to measure energy and AA digestibility and calculate standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA and NE content, with 6 observations per diet. Each period consisted of a 5-d diet adaptation and a 2-d feces and 3-d digesta collection. The EP canola meal contained (% of DM) 38.5% CP, 13.3% ether extract, 2.42% Lys, 1.54% Thr, 0.62% Met, and 23.2 micromol/g of glucosinolates. Apparent total tract energy digestibility was 75.0% and the DE and predicted NE content were 3.77 and 2.55 Mcal/kg (in DM), respectively. The SID AA content (% of DM) was 1.77% Lys, 1.04% Thr, and 0.52% Met. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,100 pigs (25 kg of BW) housed in 50 pens were fed 5 dietary regimens with 0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5% or decreasing amounts (22.5, 15, 7.5, and 0%, respectively) of EP canola meal over 4 phases to validate performance and carcass characteristics. Diets were formulated to contain equal NE:SID Lys for each growth phase (g/Mcal; 4.04, d 0 to 25; 3.63, d 26 to 50; 3.23, d 51 to 77; 2.83, d 78 to 90). At slaughter, carcass characteristics were measured for all pigs, and jowl fat was sampled for 2 pigs per pen. For d 51 to 90, the 22.5% EP canola meal regimen was reduced to 18% (22.5/18%) because of decreased ADFI in phases 1 and 2. Overall (d 0 to 90), increasing dietary EP canola meal linearly decreased (P < 0.001) ADG and ADFI and linearly increased (P < 0.01) G:F. For 0 and 22.5/18% EP canola meal, respectively, ADG was 978 and 931 g/d, ADFI was 2.77 and 2.58 kg/d, and G:F was 0.366 and 0.378. Increasing dietary EP canola meal did not alter the carcass backfat thickness, loin depth, or jowl fat fatty acid profile. Pigs fed 22.5/18% EP canola meal reached slaughter weight 3 d after (P < 0.05) pigs fed 0% EP canola meal. In summary, EP canola meal provided adequate energy and AA; however, ADG was reduced by 3 g/d per 1% of EP canola meal inclusion, likely because of increased dietary glucosinolates. Thus, the amount of EP canola meal included in swine diets should be targeted to an expected growth performance and carcass quality. Finally, diets formulated to contain an equal NE and SID AA content did not entirely eliminate the risks for reduced growth performance associated with inclusion of an alternative feedstuff.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Seneviratne, R. W. and Young, M. G. and Beltranena, E. and Goonewardene, L. A. and Newkirk, R. W. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={2073–2083} }
 @article{beltranena_young_campbell_aalhus_dugan_oryschak_zijlstra_2009, title={Corn DDGS withdrawal rates for hogs. Effects on animal performance, carcass traits, and cost variables}, volume={30}, number={5}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Young, M. and Campbell, N. and Aalhus, J. and Dugan, M. and Oryschak, M. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2009}, pages={46–48} }
 @article{beltranena_dugan_aalhus_young_campbell_oryschak_zijlstra_2009, title={Corn DDGS withdrawal rates for hogs: Backfat and belly quality}, volume={31}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Dugan, M. and Aalhus, J. and Young, M. and Campbell, N. and Oryschak, M. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2009}, pages={49–52} }
 @article{beltranena_aalhus_dugan_young_campbell_oryschak_zijlstra_2009, title={Corn DDGS withdrawal rates for hogs: Tissue composition, loin quality, retail appearance, and sensory results}, volume={31}, number={1}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Aalhus, J. and Dugan, M. and Young, M. and Campbell, N. and Oryschak, M. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2009}, pages={48–52} }
 @article{oryschak_beltranena_2009, title={Distiller’s grains: an opportunity?}, journal={Canadian Poultry Magazine}, author={Oryschak, M. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={13–18} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_korver_pishnamazi_beltranena_2009, title={Effect of graded inclusion levels of wheat, corn and triticale dried distiller’s grains and solubles on growth performance and breast muscle weight in broilers}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D. and Pishnamazi, A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2009} }
 @article{yañez_beltranena_zijlstra_2009, title={Effect of phytase and xylanase supplementation or particle size on nutrient digestibility of diets containing distillers dried grain and solubles (DDGS) co-fermented from wheat and corn in cannulated grower pigs}, volume={87}, number={e-Supplement 3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Yañez, J and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2009}, pages={52} }
 @article{beltranena_sánchez torres_gooneawardene_meng_zijltra_2009, title={Effect of single- or twin-extrusion on energy and amino acid digestibility of wheat or corn distillers dried grain and solubles (DDGS) for growing pigs}, volume={87}, number={e-Supplement 3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Beltranena, E. and Sánchez Torres, J. and Gooneawardene, L. and Meng, X. and Zijltra, R.T.}, year={2009}, pages={52} }
 @article{beltranena_2009, title={Mitigating the effects of dry, cool growing conditions on feed quality}, journal={Agri-News}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2009}, month={Sep} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_nyachoti_kim_2009, title={Phytase and NSP-degrading enzymes for alternative feed ingredients}, volume={87}, number={E-Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E. and Nyachoti, C.M. and Kim, S.W.}, year={2009}, pages={187} }
 @inproceedings{zijlstra_beltranena_nyachoti_kim_2009, title={Phytase and NSP-degrading enzymes for alternative feed ingredients. ASAS-CSAS combined mtg Montreal}, booktitle={ASAS-CSAS combined Meeting}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E. and Nyachoti, C.M. and Kim, S.W.}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_korver_zuidhof_hernandez_beltranena_2009, title={Single screw extrusion and enzyme supplementation improve nutrient digestibility in triticale dried distiller’s grain and solubles for broilers}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D. and Zuidhof, M. and Hernandez, F. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2009} }
 @article{t._young_beltranena_htoo_2009, title={The effect of co-product use in diets for grower-finisher pigs on growth performance and carcass characteristics}, volume={87}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={T., R. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E. and Htoo, J.}, year={2009} }
 @article{zijlstra_menjivar_lawrence_beltranena_2009, title={The effect of feeding crude glycerol on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs}, volume={89}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/CJAS08072}, DOI={10.4141/CJAS08072}, abstractNote={ The effects of substituting wheat with crude glycerol as a dietary energy source were evaluated. Seventy-two weaned pigs were fed for 4 wk one of three pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 4, or 8% glycerol and formulated to 2.28 Mcal kg-1 net energy (NE) and 5.02 g standardized ileal digestible lysine Mcal-1 NE. For day 0 to 28, body weight increased linearly (P = 0.04); pigs fed 8% glycerol were 1.11 kg heavier than pigs fed 0% glycerol. Glycerol inclusion tended to increase average daily gain linearly (P = 0.066) and increased average daily feed intake quadratically (P = 0.037) without affecting feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Feeding up to 8% dietary crude glycerol by substituting wheat can enhance the growth performance of weaned pigs. Key words: Co-product, digestibility, glycerol, weaned pig }, number={1}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Zijlstra, R T and Menjivar, K. and Lawrence, E. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={85–89} }
 @article{seneviratne_young_beltranena_goonewardene_newkirk_zijlstra_2009, title={The nutritional value of expeller-pressed canola meal for grower-finisher pigs}, volume={30}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Seneviratne, R.W. and Young, M.G. and Beltranena, E. and Goonewardene, L.A. and Newkirk, R.W. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2009}, pages={45–46} }
 @inproceedings{oryschak_korver_zuidhof_hernandez_beltranena_2009, title={Twin screw extrusion improves nutrient digestibility in wheat and corn dried distiller’s grain and solubles for broilers}, booktitle={Poultry Science Association}, author={Oryschak, M. and Korver, D. and Zuidhof, M. and Hernandez, F. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2009} }
 @article{zijlstra_beltranena_2009, title={Variability of Quality in Biofuel Co-products}, volume={2008}, ISSN={0269-5642 2046-3510}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5661/recadv-08-313}, DOI={10.5661/recadv-08-313}, number={1}, journal={Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={313–326} }
 @article{beltranena_hooda_zijlstra_2009, title={Zero-tannin faba bean as a replacement for soybean meal in diets for starter pigs}, volume={89}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/CJAS09034}, DOI={10.4141/CJAS09034}, abstractNote={ The nutritional value of zero-tannin (ZT) faba bean for starter pigs is poorly characterized. Five mash diets containing 0, 10, 20, 30 or 40% ZT faba bean in substitution for soybean meal were fed to 75 pens of 5-wk-old pigs for 21 d. Increasing the dietary level of ZT faba bean did not affect average daily weight gain, feed intake or feed efficiency (P > 0.05) for each weekly period and the entire study (days 0 to 21). Increasing the dietary level of ZT faba bean linearly increased apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein and P (P < 0.05), but not of dry matter, gross energy and Ca (P > 0.05). In conclusion, young pigs can be fed up to 40% raw, ground ZT faba bean (var. Snowbird) in full substitution for soybean meal in the starter diet.Key words: Digestibility, faba bean, growth performance, soybean meal, starter pig }, number={4}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Beltranena, E and Hooda, S and Zijlstra, R T}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={489–492} }
 @article{gunawardena_zijlstra_goonewardene_beltranena_2008, title={Faba bean and field pea protein concentrates as replacements for specialty proteins in nursery diets for weaned pigs}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Gunawardena, C.K. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Goonewardene, L. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2008}, pages={45} }
 @article{gunawardena_robertson_young_goonewardene_zijlstra_beltranena_2008, title={Feeding zero-tannin fababean to hogs: Effects on pork yield in primal cuts and loin quality}, volume={30}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Gunawardena, C. and Robertson, W. and Young, M. and Goonewardene, L. and Zijlstra, R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2008}, pages={57–62} }
 @article{patterson_foxcroft_beltranena_2008, title={Management tools help improve reproductive efficiencies}, journal={National Hog Farmer}, author={Patterson, J.L. and Foxcroft, G.R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={14–15} }
 @article{gunawardena_zijlstra_beltranena_2008, title={Nutrient digestibility of lupin and the air-classified protein and starch fractions of field pea and faba bean in grower pigs}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Gunawardena, C.K. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2008}, pages={44} }
 @article{wierenga_beltranena_yáñez_zijlstra_2008, title={Starch and energy digestibility in weaned pigs fed extruded zero-tannin faba bean starch and wheat as an energy source}, volume={88}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07092}, DOI={10.4141/cjas07092}, abstractNote={ Digestion of extruded starch is poorly characterized. Two diets containing wheat or faba bean starch were extruded individually or combined 50:50 (wt/wt) and fed to weaned pigs. Ileal starch digestion tended to be higher (P < 0.10) for the extruded wheat diet than the extruded faba bean diets, while total tract digestibility of starch and energy was higher (P< 0.05) for the two extruded faba bean starch diets than the extruded wheat diet. Feed intake tended to be higher (P < 0.10) for extruded faba bean starch diet, but final body weight was not affected by extruded starch source. The in vivo kinetics of starch and energy digestion differed between extruded wheat and faba bean starch diets. Key words: digestibility, extrusion, faba bean, starch, weaned pig, wheat }, number={1}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Wierenga, K. T. and Beltranena, E. and Yáñez, J. L. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={65–69} }
 @article{degenstein_o’donoghue_patterson_beltranena_ambrose_foxcroft_dyck_2008, title={Synchronization of ovulation in cyclic gilts with porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) and its effects on reproductive function}, volume={70}, ISSN={0093-691X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.027}, DOI={10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.027}, abstractNote={The overall objective was to evaluate the use of porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) for synchronization of ovulation in cyclic gilts and its effect on reproductive function. In an initial study, four littermate pairs of cyclic gilts were given altrenogest (15 mg/d for 14 d). Gilts received 500 microg cloprostenol (Day 15), 600 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) (Day 16) and either 5mg pLH or saline (Control) 80 h after eCG. Blood samples were collected every 4h, from 8h before pLH/saline treatment to the end of estrus. Following estrus detection, transcutaneous real-time ultrasonography and AI, all gilts were slaughtered 6d after the estimated time of ovulation. Peak plasma pLH concentrations (during the LH surge), as well as the amplitude of the LH surge, were greater in pLH-treated gilts than in the control (P=0.01). However, there were no significant differences between treatments in the timing and duration of estrus, or the timing of ovulation within the estrous period. In a second study, 45 cyclic gilts received altrenogest for 14-18d, 600 IU eCG (24h after last altrenogest), and 5mg pLH, 750 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or saline, 80 h after eCG. For gilts given pLH or hCG, the diameter of the largest follicle before the onset of ovulation (mean+/-S.E.M.; 8.1+/-0.2 and 8.1+/-0.2mm, respectively) was smaller than in control gilts (8.6+/-0.2mm, P=0.05). The pLH and hCG groups ovulated sooner after treatment compared to the saline-treated group (43.2+/-2.5, 47.6+/-2.5 and 59.5+/-2.5h, respectively; P<0.01), with the most synchronous ovulation (P<0.01) in pLH-treated gilts. Embryo quality (total cell counts and embryo diameter) was not significantly different among groups. In conclusion, pLH reliably synchronized ovulation in cyclic gilts without significantly affecting embryo quality.}, number={7}, journal={Theriogenology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Degenstein, K.L. and O’Donoghue, R. and Patterson, J.L. and Beltranena, E. and Ambrose, D.J. and Foxcroft, G.R. and Dyck, M.K.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={1075–1085} }
 @article{zijlstra_lopetinsky_beltranena_2008, title={The nutritional value of zero-tannin faba bean for grower-finisher pigs}, volume={88}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/CJAS07146}, DOI={10.4141/CJAS07146}, abstractNote={ The nutrient profile of zero-tannin faba bean and its effects on performance and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs was investigated. In exp. 1, chemical characteristics were analyzed. Faba bean contained (as fed) 27.5% crude protein (CP), 1.75% lysine, 0.88% threonine, and 0.21% methionine. Twelve 55-kg barrows were fitted with an ileal cannula and fed twice daily at 3 x maintenance either a 96% faba bean diet or a 62% faba bean diet containing cornstarch to measure apparent total tract energy and ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility, respectively, and calculate standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA and net energy (NE) content. After a 6-d acclimation, faeces were collected for 2 d and ileal digesta for 2 d. Apparent total tract energy digestibility, and digestible energy and NE content were 88.5%, and 3.47 and 2.27 Mcal kg-1 (as fed), respectively. Apparent ileal digestibility was 85.9, 76.1, and 74.1%, and SID AA content was 1.54, 0.70, and 0.16% (as fed), for lysine, threonine, and methionine, respectively. In exp. 2, 100 grower pigs in 20 pens were fed either a soybean or faba bean-based diet regimenfrom 35 to 115 kg. Diets were formulated to equal NE and SID [Grower (35 to 60 kg), 2.40/3.95; Finisher 1 (60 to 90 kg), gilts 2.38/3.15, barrows 2.38/2.76; Finisher 2 (90 to 115 kg), gilts 2.38/2.92, barrows 2.35/2.55; Mcal kg-1 NE/g SID lysine Mcal-1 NE, respectively] using determined NE and SID values for faba bean. Pigs were weighed, feed intake was measured, and carcass measurements were obtained. From 35 to 115 kg, average daily feed intake (ADFI; 2.58 and 2.56 kg d-1, respectively) and gain (0.96 and 0.98 kg d-1) did not differ between faba bean and soybean meal. Feed efficiency was 0.02 higher for soybean meal than for faba bean in the Grower phase (P < 0.05). At slaughter, back fat thickness did not differ; however, loin depth was 4.0 mm thicker for soybean meal than for faba bean (P < 0.05). In summary, zero-tannin faba bean has an attractive nutrient profile and does not alter ADFI or average daily gain (ADG) of grower-finisher pigs at inclusion rates up to 30%.The reduced feed efficiency in the Grower phase and reduced lean thickness for pigs fed faba bean indicate that dietary AA supply might have been limiting for the faba bean diets early in the study. In conclusion, the zero-tannin faba bean is a worthwhile energy and protein feedstuff to consider in swine feed formulation. Key words: Digestibility, energy, faba bean, growth performance, nutritional value, pig }, number={2}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Zijlstra, R. T. and Lopetinsky, K. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={293–302} }
 @article{beltranena_salmon_goonewardene_zijlstra_2008, title={Triticale as a replacement for wheat in diets for weaned pigs}, volume={88}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas08025}, DOI={10.4141/cjas08025}, abstractNote={ The nutritional value of triticale for weaned pigs is poorly characterized. Six mash diets containing either 66.5% one of two wheat samples or one of four winter or spring triticale cultivars were fed to 72 pens of weaned pigs for 28 d. Average daily feed intake and gain did not differ between pigs fed wheat and triticale diets (P > 0.05). Replacing wheat with triticale increased feed efficiency by 0.02 for spring triticale and 0.03 for winter triticale (P < 0.001). Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy was 1.2, 2.5, and 1.0% higher, respectively, for the triticale diets than the wheat diets (P < 0.05). The nutritional value of the four triticale samples was 1.5% higher for energy than the two wheat samples included in western Canada diets for weaned pigs. Key words: Digestibility, growth, triticale, weaned pig, wheat }, number={4}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Beltranena, E. and Salmon, D. F. and Goonewardene, L. A. and Zijlstra, R. T.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={631–635} }
 @inproceedings{degenstein_beltranena_ambrose_foxcroft_dyck_2007, title={Application of porcine luteinizing hormone to synchronize ovulation and its effect on embryo quality in cyclic gilts}, booktitle={SFT meeting}, author={Degenstein, K.L. and Beltranena, E. and Ambrose, D.J. and Foxcroft, G.R. and Dyck, M.K.}, year={2007} }
 @article{gunawardena_robertson_young_zijlstra_beltranena_2007, title={Feeding zero-tannin fababean to hogs: Effects on animal performance and carcass traits}, volume={29}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Gunawardena, C. and Robertson, W. and Young, M. and Zijlstra, R. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2007}, pages={47–51} }
 @article{zijlstra_casano_helm_oatway_beltranena_2007, title={In-vitro analysis to predict energy digestibility of cereals for grower pigs}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Casano, M. and Helm, J. and Oatway, L. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2007}, pages={43} }
 @inbook{zijlstra_beltranena_2007, title={New frontier in processing: ingredient fractionation}, booktitle={Australasian Pig Science Association}, publisher={Australasian Pig Science Association,}, author={Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, editor={Patterson, J.E. and Barker, J.A.Editors}, year={2007}, pages={216–222} }
 @article{oresanya_beaulieu_beltranena_patience_2007, title={The effect of dietary energy concentration and total lysine/digestible energy ratio on the growth performance of weaned pigs}, volume={87}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-064}, DOI={10.4141/a05-064}, abstractNote={ Amino acids should be defined in relation to dietary energy concentration in diets for young pigs. However, the literature contains diverse estimates of the optimum lysine:digestible energy (DE) ratio for weanling pigs performing at levels commonly observed in commercial practice. Further, there is a poor understanding of the reponse of the weanling pig to dietary energy concentration. A growth experiment was conducted to define the optimum total lysine:DE ratio for pigs from 4 to 8 wk of age. Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 5 factorial: low (LDE, 3.4 Mcal kg-1) or high DE (HDE, 3.6 Mcal kg-1) and the following total lysine:DE ratios: 3.7, 4.0, 4.3, 4.6, or 4.9 g Mcal-1). The experiment ran for 28 d, beginning 7 d post-weaning, using four pigs per pen and six pens per diet for a total of 240 pigs (27 ± 2 d; 7.5 ± 1.1 kg). No DE × lysine:DE ratio interactions were detected for any performance parameter (P > 0.05). The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was 4% greater with pigs on LDE than HDE diets (DE,P < 0.05), but was not affected by lysine:DE ratio (P > 0.05). Conversely, DE did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (P > 0.05), but increased quadratically (day 0 to 14; P < 0.05) and (day 0 to 28; P < 0.10) with increasing lysine:DE ratio. Feed efficiency increased linearly with increasing lysine:DE ratio (P < 0.05) and was 4% greater with the HDE than LDE diets (P < 0.05). The optimum total lysine:DE ratio for ADG was determined to be 4.46 and 4.27 g Mcal-1 for pigs between 7.5 to 13 kg and 7.5 to 22.5 kg BW, respectively. Key words: Pig, total lysine, digestible energy, growth }, number={1}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Oresanya, T. F. and Beaulieu, A. D. and Beltranena, E. and Patience, J. F.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={45–55} }
 @article{omogbenigun_zijlstra_salmon_beltranena_2007, title={The effect of replacing dietary wheat with triticale on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Omogbenigun, F. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Salmon, D.F. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2007}, pages={45} }
 @article{gunawardena_robertson_young_zijlstra_beltranena_2007, title={Zero-tannin fababean, field pea and soybean meal as dietary protein sources for growing-finishing pigs}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Gunawardena, C.K. and Robertson, W. and Young, M. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2007}, pages={42} }
 @article{beltranena_2006, title={Getting started batch farrowing gilts}, volume={28}, number={1}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2006}, pages={56} }
 @article{omogbenigun_zijlstra_beltranena_2006, title={Inclusion of zero-tannin fababean and substitution for soybean meal in nursery diets on weaned pig performance}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Omogbenigun, F. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2006}, pages={94–95} }
 @article{beltranena_2006, title={Switching from weekly to batch farrowing sows}, volume={28}, number={1}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2006}, pages={63} }
 @inproceedings{omogbenigun_zijlstra_beltranena_2006, title={The effect of feed antimicrobial on the prevention and treatment of E. coli K88 diarrhoea in young piglets}, booktitle={39th meeting of the Midwestern Section, American Society of Animal Science}, author={Omogbenigun, F. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2006} }
 @article{omogbenigun_zijlstra_salmon_beltranena_2006, title={Triticale, an excellent feed grain for weaned pigs}, volume={28}, number={3}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Omogbenigun, O. and Zijlstra, R.T. and Salmon, D. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2006}, pages={48–53} }
 @inproceedings{pettitt_beltranena_sands_2005, title={Apparent digestibility of nutrients in sows fed wheat-based diets supplemented with phytase}, booktitle={Australian Pig Science Association}, author={Pettitt, M. and Beltranena, E. and Sands, J.S.}, year={2005} }
 @book{beltranena_2005, title={Deployment of an Altrenogest protocol to switch from weekly to batch farrowing & weaning in multiplier herds}, institution={AgriMarche}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2005} }
 @article{omogbenigun_beltranena_2005, title={Feed antimicrobials improved the appearance but not the performance of weaned pigs affected by E. coli}, volume={27}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Omogbenigun, O. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2005}, pages={37} }
 @article{omogbenigun_beltranena_2005, title={Feed antimicrobials improved the appearance but not the performance of weaned pigs affected by E. coli}, volume={XIX}, number={3}, journal={Bacon Bits}, author={Omogbenigun, O. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2005} }
 @article{foxcroft_patterson_beltranena_francisco_williams_2005, title={Gilt management drives performance}, journal={Pork}, author={Foxcroft, G. and Patterson, J. and Beltranena, E. and Francisco, C. and Williams, N.}, year={2005}, month={Mar} }
 @article{beltranena_patterson_foxcroft_2005, title={Optimizing boar power use in the gilt development unit}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Patterson, J.L. and Foxcroft, G.R.}, year={2005}, pages={29–31} }
 @article{beltranena_patterson_willis_foxcroft_2005, title={The boar exposure area of the GDU}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Patterson, J.L. and Willis, J. and Foxcroft, G.R.}, year={2005}, pages={29–31} }
 @article{guzik_pettitt_beltranena_southern_kerr_2005, title={Threonine and tryptophan ratios fed to nursery pigs*}, volume={89}, ISSN={0931-2439 1439-0396}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00529.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00529.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={7-8}, journal={Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Guzik, A. C. and Pettitt, M. J. and Beltranena, E. and Southern, L. L. and Kerr, B. J.}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={297–302} }
 @article{omogbenigun_zijlstra_beltranena_2005, title={Zero-tannin fababean can fully replace soybean meal in late nursery diets}, volume={27}, number={2}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Omogbenigun, O. and Zijlstra, R and Beltranena, E.}, year={2005}, pages={47} }
 @article{beltranena_patterson_foxcroft_pettitt_2004, title={12 Non-negotiables of gilt development}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Patterson, J. and Foxcroft, G. and Pettitt, M.}, year={2004}, pages={45–50} }
 @article{beltranena_2004, title={CFIA to revamp the Medicated Feed Regulations}, volume={XVIII}, number={5}, journal={Bacon Bits}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2004} }
 @article{pettitt_beltranena_2004, title={Cooling method and incubation time affect storage of extended boar semen at 5C}, volume={9}, number={4}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Centred on Swine}, author={Pettitt, M.J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2004} }
 @article{beltranena_patterson_foxcroft_pettitt_2004, title={Develop replacement gilts early}, journal={National Hog Farmer}, author={Beltranena, E. and Patterson, J. and Foxcroft, G. and Pettitt, M.}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={15} }
 @article{giesting_pettitt_beltranena_2004, title={Evaluation of organic acid blends and antibiotics for promoting growth of young pigs}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Giesting, D.W. and Pettitt, M.J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2004}, pages={25} }
 @article{patterson_foxcroft_pettitt_beltranena_2004, title={Gilt selection for improved lifetime productivity}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Patterson, J.L. and Foxcroft, G. and Pettitt, M.J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2004} }
 @article{beltranena_2004, title={New Olywest Contract -Strategies to turn challenges into opportunities}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2004}, pages={42–46} }
 @article{beltranena_hanneson_2004, title={Rendering and the hog industry: The issue of meat & bone meal}, journal={Western Hog Journal}, author={Beltranena, E. and Hanneson, J.}, year={2004}, pages={64–67} }
 @inproceedings{pettitt_simmins_beltranena_2004, title={The effect of β-glucanase, xylanase and α-amylase combinations in barley-based diets on the performance of weaner pigs}, booktitle={Midwest American Society of Animal Science}, publisher={Midwest American Society of Animal Science}, author={Pettitt, M. and Simmins, H. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2004}, pages={41} }
 @inproceedings{patterson_foxcroft_pettitt_beltranena_2003, title={Gilt selection based on age at first estrus and breeding herd efficiency}, booktitle={Federation of Animal Sciences Societies, Annual Meeting}, author={Patterson, J.L. and Foxcroft, G. and Pettitt, M.J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2003} }
 @article{levesque_patience_beltranena_zijlstra_2003, title={Impact of stocking density/group size on the response to changes in dietary energy content by weanling pigs from 25 to 53d of age}, volume={80}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Levesque, C. and Patience, J. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.}, year={2003}, pages={29} }
 @article{beltranena_2003, title={Losing meat and bone meal in pig diets}, volume={XVII}, number={11}, journal={Bacon Bits}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2003} }
 @article{oresanya_beltranena_patience_beaulieu_2003, title={Optimum versus maximum lysine levels for weanling pigs}, volume={10}, number={1}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Centred on Swine}, author={Oresanya, T.F. and Beltranena, E. and Patience, J.F. and Beaulieu, A.D.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{patterson_pettitt_foxcroft_beltranena_2002, title={Growth rate and age at first estrus in relation to efficient gilt pool management}, booktitle={Federation of Animal Sciences Societies, Annual Meeting}, author={Patterson, J.L. and Pettitt, M.J. and Foxcroft, G. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{patterson_pettitt_foxcroft_beltranena_2002, title={Growth rate and age at first estrus: Impact on managing the gilt pool}, volume={9}, number={3}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Centred on Swine}, author={Patterson, J.L. and Pettitt, M.J. and Foxcroft, G. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{beltranena_2002, title={On-farm feed milling, an introduction to good manufacturing practices}, volume={8}, number={4}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Centred on Swine}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={2002} }
 @inproceedings{ward_fakler_pettitt_beltranena_2002, title={The effect of dietary tribasic copper chloride, Availa®Cu copper amino acid complex, zinc oxide and combinations on nursery pig growth performance}, booktitle={Federation of Animal Sciences Societies, Annual Meeting}, author={Ward, T.L. and Fakler, T.M. and Pettitt, M.J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2002} }
 @article{levesque_patience_beltranena_zijlstra_2001, title={Effect of site of weaning and diet digestible energy content on weanling pig performance}, volume={79}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Levesque, C.L. and Patience, J.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.}, year={2001} }
 @article{levesque_patience_beltranena_zijlstra_2001, title={Effect of weaning and dietary DE content on performance of pigs to 56d of age}, volume={79}, number={Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Levesque, C.L. and Patience, J.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.}, year={2001}, pages={55} }
 @book{levesque_patience_beltranena_zijlstra_2001, place={Saskatoon, SK}, title={Response to dietary energy concentration and stocking density in weaned pigs}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Annual Research Report}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc}, author={Levesque, C.L. and Patience, J.F. and Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T.}, year={2001}, pages={22} }
 @article{patience_gonyou_whittington_beltranena_rhodes_van kessel_2000, title={Evaluation of site and age of weaning on pig growth performance.}, volume={78}, ISSN={0021-8812}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2000.7871726x}, DOI={10.2527/2000.7871726x}, abstractNote={Site-segregated early weaning (SSEW) refers to the practice of weaning pigs from the sow at an early age and placing them in a nursery that is physically isolated from the breeding herd. An experiment involving 369 pigs was conducted at the Prairie Swine Center to investigate the impact of SSEW on pig performance when the herd of origin has a high health status and when housing and management conditions are kept as similar as possible across weaning regime. Three treatments were compared: weaning at 21+/-3 d and keeping the pigs on-site in an all-in-all-out nursery room (Control), weaning at 12+/-2 d of age and keeping the pigs on-site in a separate but identical all-in-all-out nursery room (OSEW), or weaning at 12+/-2 d of age and moving the pigs off-site to an all-in-all-out nursery room located 16 km from the Center (SSEW). Ventilation, feed, penning, feeders, and drinkers were kept as similar as possible for all treatments. Off-site weaning improved 56-d body weight (P < .05) by 12.5 and 8.3% compared with OSEW and Control, respectively. The improvement appeared to be the result of improvements primarily in feed intake but also due to enhanced efficiency of nutrient utilization. This experiment confirms that SSEW results in significant improvements in 56-d weights, even when the herd of origin has a relatively high health status.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Patience, J F and Gonyou, H W and Whittington, D L and Beltranena, E and Rhodes, C S and Van Kessel, A G}, year={2000}, pages={1726} }
 @book{orr_petracek_pettitt_beltranena_2000, title={Micronized and flaked wheat in nursery diets}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Annual Research Report}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc.}, author={Orr, A. and Petracek, R. and Pettitt, M.J. and Beltranena, E.}, year={2000} }
 @book{beltranena_schulze_petracek_orr_1999, title={Growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing hogs offered diets including wheat middlings and feed enzyme Porzyme 9300}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Annual Report}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc.}, author={Beltranena, E. and Schulze, H. and Petracek, R. and Orr, A.}, year={1999} }
 @book{beltranena_patience_orr_jardine_1998, title={Defining the lysine response of early weaned piglets to dietary lysine:energy ratios}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Annual Report}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc.}, author={Beltranena, E. and Patience, J.F. and Orr, A. and Jardine, C.}, year={1998}, pages={22} }
 @article{gonyou_beltranena_whittington_patience_1998, title={The behaviour of pigs weaned at 12 and 21 days of age from weaning to market}, volume={78}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-023}, DOI={10.4141/a98-023}, abstractNote={ Segregated early weaning (SEW) of piglets at less than 21 d of age is becoming an increasingly common procedure in North America. Such early weaning has become commercially feasible through the use of highly palatable nursery diets, which increase intake during the week following weaning. A study was conducted to determine the effects of such early weaning on the behaviour of piglets. Thirty-two litters were weaned at either 12 or 21 d of age. During the subsequent 48 h, pigs were videotaped and the tapes used to determine the development of eating behaviour using scan sampling. Pigs weaned at 21 d of age spent more time eating than those weaned at 12 d of age (P < 0.05). Although both age groups ate little (<3% of time) during the initial 12 h, those weaned at 21 d of age began increasing time spent eating during the subsequent 12 h and reached a normal level of approximately 9% of time spent eating by 36 h post-weaning. No noticeable increase in eating occurred among those weaned at 12 d of age until after 36 h, at which point the level quickly increased to 10% of time. During the subsequent 6 wk, live scan sampling revealed that pigs weaned at 12 d of age spent more time eating (11.6 vs. 10.5%; P < 0.05), drinking (1.65 vs. 1.22%; P < 0.01), nosing other pigs (1.23 vs. 0.74%; P < 0.01), and chewing on objects (2.48 vs. 2.33%; P < 0.01) than did those weaned at 21 d of age. Nosing of other pigs peaked during the 2nd and 3rd weeks after weaning in both weaning age groups, but the maximum level was approximately twice as high for piglets weaned at 12 as for those weaned at 21 d of age. Piglets weaned at 12 d of age continued to nose and chew other piglets more during the growing/finishing period than did those weaned at 21 d of age (P < 0.05). Partial, within-pen, correlations indicated that less-active pigs grew faster (r = 0.18) and were less likely to nose or chew other pigs (r = –0.15 and −0.26, respectively). Nosing other pigs and being nosed were negatively correlated (r = −0.17), but neither was correlated with rate of gain (P < 0.05). The delay in eating and the higher incidence of anomalous behaviours by the earlier weaned pigs suggest that additional improvements in early weaning management are desirable. Key words: Pigs, behaviour, weaning, age }, number={4}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Gonyou, H. W. and Beltranena, E. and Whittington, D. L. and Patience, J. F.}, year={1998}, month={Dec}, pages={517–523} }
 @article{patience_gonyou_beltranena_whittington_rhodes_1998, title={The impact of age and site of weaning on pig performance under high health conditions}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Patience, J.F. and Gonyou, H.W. and Beltranena, E. and Whittington, D.L. and Rhodes, C.S.}, year={1998}, pages={246} }
 @book{gonyou_beltranena_whittington_patience_1997, title={Behaviour of the early weaned pigs in the nursery and grower-finisher barn}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Annual Report}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc.}, author={Gonyou, H.W. and Beltranena, E. and Whittington, D.L. and Patience, J.F.}, year={1997}, pages={48} }
 @book{patience_gonyou_whittington_beltranena_rhodes_kessel_1997, place={Saskatoon, SK}, title={Evaluation of Site and Age of Weaning on Piglet Growth Performance and Post-Weaning Behaviour and on Sow Productivity}, number={97-01}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc}, author={Patience, J.F. and Gonyou, H.W. and Whittington, D.L. and Beltranena, E. and Rhodes, C.S. and Kessel, A.}, year={1997} }
 @article{beltranena_gonyou_patience_blair_1996, title={Weanling pigs show no methionine source preference}, volume={68}, number={40}, journal={Feedstuffs}, author={Beltranena, E. and Gonyou, H.W. and Patience, J.F. and Blair, M.}, year={1996}, pages={11, 22} }
 @article{beltranena_1995, title={Manipulating shipping weights impacts revenue and production costs}, volume={2}, number={3}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc Centred on Swine}, publisher={Prairie Swine Centre Inc}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={1995} }
 @article{beltranena_1995, title={Maximize revenue by manipulating shipping weights}, volume={2}, number={2}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Centred on Swine}, publisher={Prairie Swine Centre Inc}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={1995} }
 @book{beltranena_petracek_bzowey_gonyou_patience_1995, title={Methionine sources for weanling pigs}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Annual Report}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc.}, author={Beltranena, E. and Petracek, R. and Bzowey, A. and Gonyou, H.W. and Patience, J.F.}, year={1995}, pages={32} }
 @book{beltranena_bzowey_petracek_1995, title={Whey replacement for nursery diets}, journal={Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Annual Report}, institution={Prairie Swine Centre Inc.}, author={Beltranena, E. and Bzowey, A. and Petracek, R.}, year={1995}, pages={26} }
 @article{beltranena_aherne_foxcroft_schaefer_1994, title={Recombinant porcine somatotropin effects on sexual development and metabolic status of gilts}, volume={74}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-037}, DOI={10.4141/cjas94-037}, abstractNote={ Prepubertal Yorkshire gilts (61.7 ± SD 3.7 kg) served as untreated controls (n = 8), were injected daily (at 15:00) for 28 d with 2 mg of porcine somatotropin (pST; n = 8), or were implanted with a prolonged-release (2 mg d−1 for 28 d) pST implant (n = 7). Gilts had ad libitum access to feed except during an overnight fast before blood sampling (06:00 to 22:00 h) on day 23 or 24. Feeding on day 23 or 24 resumed at 09:00 h and injected gilts received pST at 15:05 h. Gilts were slaughtered on day 28. Endogenous episodic ST secretion in both injected and implanted gilts was suppressed, but basal plasma ST in implanted gilts was elevated. Plasma insulin was elevated in response to pST injection and in implanted gilts postprandially, compared with controls. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was elevated in both injected and implanted gilts preprandially and postinjection. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids and creatinine were similar among groups. Urea nitrogen declined after feeding, and this decline was greater in injected than in implanted or control gilts. Basal episodic luteinizing-hormone (LH) secretion, reproductive-tract weight, follicular volume, and plasma and follicular-fluid estradiol-17β were similar among groups. However, follicular-fluid IGF-I concentrations were greater in injected and implanted, than control gilts. We conclude that pST administration (2 mg d−1) for 28 d significantly affected the ST–insulin–IGF–1 axis, but it did not affect LH secretion or reproductive-tract development. The pST-induced increase in follicular-fluid IGF–I may be of physiological significance to continued follicular development. Key words: Gilts, somatotropin, reproduction, metabolic status }, number={2}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Beltranena, E. and Aherne, F. X. and Foxcroft, G. R. and Schaefer, A. L.}, year={1994}, month={Jun}, pages={265–271} }
 @article{beltranena_aherne_foxcroft_1993, title={Innate variability in sexual development irrespective of body fatness in gilts1}, volume={71}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1993.712471x}, DOI={10.2527/1993.712471x}, abstractNote={To separate the effects of fatness from those of lean tissue growth on reproductive development, 52 gilts (33.2 kg, 75 d) had ad libitum access to a high-energy diet (HE; n = 31) or were fed restrictively a low-energy diet (approximately 80% of ad libitum; LE; n = 31) until 160 d of age. All HE and 15 LE gilts were then slaughtered; the 16 LE gilts that remained were then allowed ad libitum access to the low-energy diet until slaughter at 175 d (LER). Twelve littermate trios allocated across treatments were cannulated and bled during both unfed and fed states before slaughter. Gilts in the HE group were 8 kg heavier, 3.5 mm fatter (backfat), and consumed 14.9 MJ of DE more per day than gilts in the LE group at 160 d (hereafter P < .05); LER gilts were 7 kg heavier, 2.2 mm fatter, and consumed 21 MJ of DE more per day at 175 d than LE gilts at 160 d. Carcass fat was lower in LE gilts than in HE or LER gilts, but carcass lean was similar among groups. Treatment did not affect basal or episodic LH or growth hormone secretion, reproductive tract weight, follicular volume, or plasma or follicular fluid estradiol-17 beta. Postprandial plasma insulin was greater in LER than in HE or LE gilts, but plasma insulin-like growth factor I and urea nitrogen were similar among groups. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids and creatinine were greater in HE than in LE or LER gilts. These results suggest that when protein accretion rate is maximal, differences in fatness do not influence reproductive development in the prepubertal gilt. Irrespective of treatment, the only measured factor showing an association with ovarian development was the innate variability in episodic and basal LH secretion.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Beltranena, E. and Aherne, F. X. and Foxcroft, G. R.}, year={1993}, month={Feb}, pages={471–480} }
 @book{beltranena_schaefer_aherne_foxcroft_1992, title={Administration of pig growth hormone may not affect sexual development of replacement gilts}, journal={71st Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={Beltranena, E. and Schaefer, A.L. and Aherne, F.X. and Foxcroft, G.R.}, year={1992}, pages={69} }
 @book{beltranena_aherne_foxcroft_1992, title={Body fatness does not influence sexual development of the replacement gilt}, journal={71st Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={Beltranena, E. and Aherne, F.X. and Foxcroft, G.R.}, year={1992}, pages={68} }
 @phdthesis{beltranena_1992, place={Edmonton, Alberta, Canada}, title={Influence of nutrition, growth and body composition on endocrine status and reproductive development of the gilt}, school={Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alberta}, author={Beltranena, E.}, year={1992} }
 @article{beltranena_aherne_foxcroft_kirkwood_1991, title={Effects of pre- and postpubertal feeding on production traits at first and second estrus in gilts.}, volume={69}, ISSN={0021-8812}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1991.693886x}, DOI={10.2527/1991.693886x}, abstractNote={The effects of feeding level on body weight (BW), lifetime growth rate, backfat thickness (BF), fatness (BF/BW) and ovulation rate at first (puberty) and second estrus were examined in 145 gilts. From 47.2 kg until puberty, gilts were fed 2.0 kg/d (L) or had ad libitum access to feed (H). From puberty to second estrus, the feed allowance of one-half of the L gilts was increased to 2.8 kg/d. Flush-feeding only normalized ovulation rate (OR) to that observed in gilts with ad libitum access to feed. At puberty, a quadratic negative relationship between lifetime growth rate and age indicated that age at puberty was minimum at a growth rate of less than or equal to .60 kg/d. Thereafter, age at puberty became independent of, or possibly positively related to, lifetime growth rate. Gilts with higher lifetime growth rate also were heavier and fatter at puberty. It was concluded that puberty may have been attained when a certain BF or fatness was achieved, because growth rate of restricted-fed gilts and quickly growing gilts with ad libitum access to feed may have been associated with reduced fat deposition. Hence, maximizing growth rate in replacement gilts does not hasten the attainment of puberty. Growth rate may be manipulated by feed restriction, in order to attain a target BW at boar stimulation (approximately 90 kg), which would coincide with a minimum age (approximately 155 d) and BW at puberty (approximately 97 kg). Nutritional flushing during the first estrous cycle then could be used to normalize OR at mating at second estrus of gilts that were restricted-fed when prepubertal.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Beltranena, E and Aherne, F X and Foxcroft, G R and Kirkwood, R N}, year={1991}, pages={886} }
 @article{beltranena_foxcroft_aherne_kirkwood_1991, title={Endocrinology of nutritional flushing in gilts}, volume={71}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-128}, DOI={10.4141/cjas91-128}, abstractNote={ As part of a nutritional flushing study, the endocrine status of gilts was compared to gain further knowledge of the mechanism(s) that mediate the restoration of ovulation rate. From 45.3 kg BW to puberty, 42 gilts were fed 2.0 kg d−1 (L) or ad libitum (H). From puberty to second estrus, one-half of the L gilts had their feed allowance increased to 2.8 kg d−1 (LH). Gilts in the H group continued to be fed ad libitum (HH). Gilts in the LH and H groups showed a greater increase in ovulation rate between first and second estrus than LL gilts (P < 0.05). Based on sampling every 4 h through the peri-estrous period of 28 gilts, feeding level did not affect mean plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (pLH), estradiol-17β or progesterone concentrations (P > 0.05). During the follicular phase, however, LH and HH gilts had not only a greater proportion of samples > 1 ng mL−1 but also showed an increased mean pLH daily sample variance compared with LL gilts (P < 0.05). The latter parameters were interpreted as indicators of an increased frequency of episodic pLH release. Furthermore, HH gilts had greater (P < 0.05) plasma insulin concentrations through the peri-estrous period and greater insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations during the pLH-surge period than LL gilts. These results confirm that increased plasma insulin may be an important metabolic cue, which in an independent or synergistic action with gonadotropins and IGF-I mediates the ovulatory response to flush-feeding. Key words: Gilt, flushing, ovulation, gonadotropins, insulin, IGF-I. }, number={4}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Beltranena, E. and Foxcroft, G. R. and Aherne, F. X. and Kirkwood, R. N.}, year={1991}, month={Dec}, pages={1063–1071} }
 @article{schaefer_tong_sather_beltranena_pharazyn_aherne_1991, title={Preparturient diabetogenesis in primiparous gilts}, volume={71}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-008}, DOI={10.4141/cjas91-008}, abstractNote={ The objective of the present study was to examine gestational diabetogenic effects in lean gilts and the influence that dietary protein may have on glucose tolerance, reproductive performance, maternal insulin and progesterone levels. Twenty-six Lacombe gilts (14 control, 12 treated) and 229 neonate offspring were examined. During gestation all gilts received a 13% crude protein balanced diet on the basis of body weight. The treated animals received the same diet plus an additional 1.3 g kg−1 body weight d−1 of casein starting on day 1 postcoitus. No differences in litter size or birth weight between treatments were observed. However, the proportion of mummified or still-birth fetuses, while within a normal range, tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in control (1.64 ± 0.43 per litter) than in treated pigs (0.58 ± 0.46). In addition, the muscle protein concentration in the neonatal offspring of treated gilts (91.3 ± 0.35 mg g−1) tended to be higher (P = 0.15) than that seen in the control animals (88.7 ± 0.34 mg g−1). All pregnant gilts, irrespective of treatment, displayed a degree of diabetogenesis two weeks prepartum (P ≤ 0.05). However, no differences in blood insulin or progesterone levels were observed between treatments. The data suggest that protein supplementation to the dam may slightly retard gestational onset diabetogenic effects but has only moderate effects on fetal outcome. Key words: Diabetogenesis, lean gilts, dietary protein }, number={1}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Schaefer, A. L. and Tong, A. K. W. and Sather, A. P. and Beltranena, E. and Pharazyn, A. and Aherne, F. X.}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={69–77} }
 @book{beltranena_foxcroft_aherne_kirkwood_1990, title={Endocrinology of nutritional flushing in gilts}, journal={69th Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={Beltranena, E. and Foxcroft, G.R. and Aherne, F.X. and Kirkwood, R.N.}, year={1990}, pages={9} }
 @book{aherne_baidoo_beltranena_foxcroft_1990, title={The effects of nutrition on the reproductive performance of gilts and sows - A review}, journal={69th Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={Aherne, F.X. and Baidoo, S.K. and Beltranena, E. and Foxcroft, G.R.}, year={1990}, pages={3} }
 @book{beltranena_aherne_foxcroft_kirkwood_1990, title={The influence of feeding level on the attainment of puberty of replacement gilts}, journal={69th Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={Beltranena, E. and Aherne, F.X. and Foxcroft, G.R. and Kirkwood, R.N.}, year={1990}, pages={11} }
 @article{trudeau_pharazyn_aherne_beltranena_1989, title={NALOXONE ELEVATES PLASMA FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE BUT NOT LUTEINIZING HORMONE LEVELS IN THE IMMATURE MALE PIG}, volume={69}, ISSN={0008-3984 1918-1825}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-126}, DOI={10.4141/cjas89-126}, abstractNote={ The effects of intraperitoneal injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) alone, naloxone (NAL) alone, or in combination on plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was studied in 4- to 5-wk-old male pigs. GnRH (1 μg kg−1) effectively stimulated (P < 0.05) secretion of both gonadotropins whereas NAL (1 and 10 mg kg−1) stimulated only FSH secretion (P < 0.05). There was no interaction between GnRH and NAL on gonadotropin release. These results suggest that endogenous opiates are involved in the regulation of FSH secretion but not LH secretion in the immature male pig. Key words: Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, naloxone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, male pig }, number={4}, journal={Canadian Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Trudeau, V. and Pharazyn, A. and Aherne, F. X. and Beltranena, E.}, year={1989}, month={Dec}, pages={1095–1098} }
 @book{beltranena_aherne_1987, title={Effect of the antibiotic tiamulin in the diet of pigs from adequately or underfed sows}, journal={66th Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={Beltranena, E. and Aherne, F.X.}, year={1987}, pages={12} }
 @book{e._a._deacon_shires_aherne_1987, title={Influence of enzyme treatment on the energy content of canola meal for poultry}, journal={66th Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={E., Von Keyserlingk and A., M. and Deacon, M.A. and Shires, A. and Aherne, F.X.}, year={1987}, pages={44} }
 @book{kirkwood_aherne_beltranena_1986, title={The influence of the plane of feeding on the onset of puberty and ovulation rates at first and second estrus in gilts}, journal={65th Annual Feeders' Day Report - Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin}, author={Kirkwood, R.N. and Aherne, F.X. and Beltranena, E.}, year={1986}, pages={110} }
 @book{newell_beltranena_ramírez_flores_1984, place={México, D.F}, title={Canola, buen substituto de la soya (Canola, a good substitute for soybean meal}, journal={Síntesis Porcina}, institution={Editorial Año Dos Mil}, author={Newell, J.A. and Beltranena, E. and Ramírez, O. and Flores, H.}, year={1984}, pages={38} }
 @book{hernández_newell_beltranena_1984, place={Monterrey, Nuevo León, México}, title={Evaluación del producto HASPA K-6 en raciones de engorda para cerdos de abasto (HASPA K-6 meat and bone meal as a partial substitute for soybean meal in diet for growing and finishing diets}, institution={Grupo APELSA - Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey - Vicerrectoría del Área de Enseñanza Profesional y de Graduados, Dirección Asociada de Investigación y Extensión,}, author={Hernández, E. and Newell, J.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={1984} }
 @book{newell_beltranena_1984, title={Partial and total substitution of soybean meal by canola meal on sorghum-based diets for growing and finishing pigs}, institution={Canola Council of Canada - Alberta Agriculture International}, author={Newell, J.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={1984} }
 @book{newell_beltranena_1984, title={Partial substitution of soybean meal by canola meal on sorghum-based diets for broilers}, institution={Canola Council of Canada - Alberta Agriculture International}, author={Newell, J.A. and Beltranena, E.}, year={1984} }