@article{hill_lee_williams_needham_dandley_oldham_parsons_2019, title={Insight on the Sequential Vapor Infiltration Mechanisms of Trimethylaluminum with Poly(methyl methacrylate), Poly(vinylpyrrolidone), and Poly(acrylic acid)}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02153}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02153}, abstractNote={The sequential vapor infiltration (SVI) method, based on atomic layer deposition chemistry, allows the creation of a polymer–inorganic hybrid material through the diffusion of metal–organic vapor reagents into a polymer substrate. This study investigates the reactivity of the ester, amide, and carboxylic acid functional groups of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), respectively, in the presence of trimethylaluminum (TMA) vapor. This work explores the possible reaction mechanisms of these functional groups through in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical analysis. At temperatures of ≤100 °C, TMA physisorbs to the carbonyl groups of PMMA. As the temperature is increased, TMA forms a covalent bond with PMMA. TMA physisorbs to PVP and then partially desorbs in the presence of water for all studied temperatures of ≤150 °C. PAA readily reacts with TMA to form a covalent bond with the carbonyl group at 60 °C. This inc...}, number={26}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Hill, Grant T. and Lee, Dennis T. and Williams, Philip S. and Needham, Craig D. and Dandley, Erinn C. and Oldham, Christopher J. and Parsons, Gregory N.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={16146–16152} }
 @article{hilton_taylor_hussain_dandley_griffith_garantziotis_parsons_bonner_bereman_2017, title={Mapping differential cellular protein response of mouse alveolar epithelial cells to multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a function of atomic layer deposition coating}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1743-5404"]}, DOI={10.1080/17435390.2017.1299888}, abstractNote={Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a prototypical engineered nanomaterial, have been increasingly manufactured for a variety of novel applications over the past two decades. However, since CNTs possess fiber-like shape and cause pulmonary fibrosis in rodents, there is concern that mass production of CNTs will lead to occupational exposure and associated pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to use contemporary proteomics to investigate the mechanisms of cellular response in E10 mouse alveolar epithelial cells in vitro after exposure to multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) that were functionalized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is a method used to generate highly uniform and conformal nanoscale thin-film coatings of metals to enhance novel conductive properties of CNTs. We hypothesized that specific types of metal oxide coatings applied to the surface of MWCNTs by ALD would determine distinct proteomic profiles in mouse alveolar epithelial cells in vitro that could be used to predict oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation. Uncoated (U)-MWCNTs were functionalized by ALD with zinc oxide (ZnO) to yield Z-MWCNTs or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to yield A-MWCNTs. Significant differential protein expression was found in the following critical pathways: mTOR/eIF4/p70S6K signaling and Nrf-2 mediated oxidative stress response increased following exposure to Z-MWCNTs, interleukin-1 signaling increased following U-MWCNT exposure, and inhibition of angiogenesis by thrombospondin-1, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction increased following A-MWCNT exposure. This study demonstrates that specific types of metal oxide thin film coatings applied by ALD produce distinct cellular and biochemical responses related to lung inflammation and fibrosis compared to uncoated MWCNT exposure in vitro.}, number={3}, journal={NANOTOXICOLOGY}, author={Hilton, Gina M. and Taylor, Alexia J. and Hussain, Salik and Dandley, Erinn C. and Griffith, Emily H. and Garantziotis, Stavros and Parsons, Gregory N. and Bonner, James C. and Bereman, Michael S.}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={313–326} }
 @article{duke_taylor-just_ihrie_shipkowski_thompson_dandley_parsons_bonner_2017, title={STAT1-dependent and -independent pulmonary allergic and fibrogenic responses in mice after exposure to tangled versus rod-like multi-walled carbon nanotubes}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1743-8977"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12989-017-0207-3}, abstractNote={Pulmonary toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is influenced by physicochemical characteristics and genetic susceptibility. We hypothesized that contrasting rigidities of tangled (t) versus rod-like (r) MWCNTs would result in differing immunologic or fibrogenic responses in mice and that these responses would be exaggerated in transgenic mice lacking the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), a susceptible mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.Male wild type (Stat1 +/+ ) and STAT1-deficient (Stat1 -/- ) mice were exposed to 4 mg/kg tMWCNTs, rMWCNTs, or vehicle alone via oropharyngeal aspiration and evaluated for inflammation at one and 21 days post-exposure via histopathology, differential cell counts, and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Granuloma formation, mucous cell metaplasia, and airway fibrosis were evaluated by quantitative morphometry. Airway epithelial cell proliferation was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Cytokine protein levels in BALF and serum IgE levels were measured by ELISA. Lung protein Smad2/3 levels and activation were measured by Western blot. Lung mRNAs were measured by PCR.There was a 7-fold difference in rigidity between tMWCNTs and rMWCNTs as determined by static bending ratio. Both MWCNT types resulted in acute inflammation (neutrophils in BALF) after one-day post-exposure, yet only rMWCNTs resulted in chronic inflammation at 21 days as indicated by neutrophil influx and larger granulomas. Both MWCNTs induced BrdU uptake in airway epithelial cells, with the greatest proliferative response observed in rMWCNT-exposed mice after one-day. Only rMWCNTs induced mucous cell metaplasia, but this index was not different between genotypes. Stat1 -/- mice had higher levels of baseline serum IgE than Stat1 +/+ mice. Greater airway fibrosis was observed with rMWCNTs compared to tMWCNTs, and exaggerated airway fibrosis was seen in the Stat1 -/- mouse lungs with rMWCNTs but not tMWCNTs. Increased fibrosis correlated with elevated levels of TGF-β1 protein levels in the BALF of Stat1 -/- mice exposed to rMWCNTs and increased lung Smad2/3 phosphorylation.Rigidity plays a key role in the toxicity of MWCNTs and results in increased inflammatory, immunologic, and fibrogenic effects in the lung. STAT1 is an important protective factor in the fibroproliferative response to rMWCNTs, regulating both induced TGF-β1 production and Smad2/3 phosphorylation status. Therefore, both rigidity and genetic susceptibility should be major considerations for risk assessment of MWCNTs.}, journal={PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY}, author={Duke, Katherine S. and Taylor-Just, Alexia J. and Ihrie, Mark D. and Shipkowski, Kelly A. and Thompson, Elizabeth A. and Dandley, Erinn C. and Parsons, Gregory N. and Bonner, James C.}, year={2017}, month={Jul} }
 @article{wang_zhao_bagal_dandley_oldham_fang_parsons_chang_2016, title={Wicking Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Nanostructures}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84982307197&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01864}, abstractNote={Wicking, the absorption of liquid into narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces, has drawn much attention due to its potential applications in many engineering fields. Increasing surface roughness using micro/nanostructures can improve capillary action to enhance wicking. However, reducing the structure length scale can also result in significant viscous forces to impede wicking. In this work, we demonstrate enhanced wicking dynamics by using nanostructures with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical features to increase the surface area while mitigating the obstruction of liquid flow. The proposed structures were engineered using a combination of interference lithography and hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanowires, where structures at two length scales were independently designed to control wicking behavior. The fabricated hierarchical 3D structures were tested for water and ethanol wicking properties, demonstrating improved wicking dynamics with intermediate nanowire lengths. The experimental data agree with the derived fluid model based on the balance of capillary and vicious forces. The hierarchical wicking structures can be potentially used in applications in water harvesting surfaces, microfluidics, and integrated heat exchangers.}, number={32}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Wang, Zhiting and Zhao, Junjie and Bagal, Abhijeet and Dandley, Erinn C. and Oldham, Christopher J. and Fang, Tiegang and Parsons, Gregory N. and Chang, Chih-Hao}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={8029–8033} }
 @article{barney_dandley_jansen_reich_mercurio_peyton_2015, title={A cell-ECM screening method to predict breast cancer metastasis}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={Integrative Biology}, author={Barney, L. E. and Dandley, E. C. and Jansen, L. E. and Reich, N. G. and Mercurio, A. M. and Peyton, S. R.}, year={2015}, pages={198–212} }
 @article{dandley_taylor_duke_ihrie_shipkowski_parsons_bonner_2016, title={Atomic layer deposition coating of carbon nanotubes with zinc oxide causes acute phase immune responses in human monocytes in vitro and in mice after pulmonary exposure}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1743-8977"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000378430800002&KeyUID=WOS:000378430800002}, DOI={10.1186/s12989-016-0141-9}, abstractNote={Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method for applying conformal nanoscale coatings on three-dimensional structures. We hypothesized that surface functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polycrystalline ZnO by ALD would alter pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes in vitro and modulate the lung and systemic immune response following oropharyngeal aspiration in mice.Pristine (U-MWCNTs) were coated with alternating doses of diethyl zinc and water over increasing ALD cycles (10 to 100 ALD cycles) to yield conformal ZnO-coated MWCNTs (Z-MWCNTs). Human THP-1 monocytic cells were exposed to U-MWCNTs or Z-MWCNTs in vitro and cytokine mRNAs measured by Taqman real-time RT-PCR. Male C57BL6 mice were exposed to U- or Z-MWCNTs by oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) and lung inflammation evaluated at one day post-exposure by histopathology, cytokine expression and differential counting of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells. Lung fibrosis was evaluated at 28 days. Cytokine mRNAs (IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL10, TNF-α) in lung, heart, spleen, and liver were quantified at one and 28 days. DNA synthesis in lung tissue was measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake.ALD resulted in a conformal coating of MWCNTs with ZnO that increased proportionally to the number of coating cycles. Z-MWCNTs released Zn(+2) ions in media and increased IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL10, and TNF-α mRNAs in THP-1 cells in vitro. Mice exposed to Z-MWCNTs by OPA had exaggerated lung inflammation and a 3-fold increase in monocytes and neutrophils in BALF compared to U-MWCNTs. Z-MWCNTs, but not U-MWCNTs, induced IL-6 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein in the lungs of mice and increased IL-6 mRNA in heart and liver. U-MWCNTs but not Z-MWCNTs stimulated airway epithelial DNA synthesis in vivo. Lung fibrosis at 28 days was not significantly different between mice treated with U-MWCNT or Z-MWCNT.Pulmonary exposure to ZnO-coated MWCNTs produces a systemic acute phase response that involves the release of Zn(+2), lung epithelial growth arrest, and increased IL-6. ALD functionalization with ZnO generates MWCNTs that possess increased risk for human exposure.}, journal={PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY}, author={Dandley, Erinn C. and Taylor, Alexia J. and Duke, Katherine S. and Ihrie, Mark D. and Shipkowski, Kelly A. and Parsons, Gregory N. and Bonner, James C.}, year={2016}, month={Jun} }
 @article{bagal_dandley_zhao_zhang_oldham_parsons_chang_2015, title={Multifunctional nano-accordion structures for stretchable transparent conductors}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2051-6355"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000359586600003&KeyUID=WOS:000359586600003}, DOI={10.1039/c5mh00070j}, abstractNote={Nano-accordion structures allow brittle materials to stretch, enabling transparent conductors that are stretchable and flexible.}, number={5}, journal={MATERIALS HORIZONS}, author={Bagal, Abhijeet and Dandley, Erinn C. and Zhao, Junjie and Zhang, Xu A. and Oldham, Christopher J. and Parsons, Gregory N. and Chang, Chih-Hao}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={486–494} }
 @article{zhang_bagal_dandley_zhao_oldham_wu_parsons_chang_2015, title={Ordered 3D Thin-Shell Nanolattice Materials with Near-Unity Refractive Indices}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1616-3028"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000365532100009&KeyUID=WOS:000365532100009}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.201502854}, abstractNote={The refractive indices of naturally occurring materials are limited, and there exists an index gap between indices of air and available solid materials. With many photonics and electronics applications, there has been considerable effort in creating artificial materials with optical and dielectric properties similar to air while simultaneously being mechanically stable to bear load. Here, a class of ordered nanolattice materials consisting of periodic thin‐shell structures with near‐unity refractive index and high stiffness is demonstrated. Using a combination of 3D nanolithography and atomic layer deposition, these ordered nanostructured materials have reduced optical scattering and improved mechanical stability compared to existing randomly porous materials. Using ZnO and Al2O3 as the building materials, refractive indices from 1.3 down to 1.025 are achieved. The experimental data can be accurately described by Maxwell Garnett effective media theory, which can provide a guide for index design. The demonstrated low‐index, low‐scattering, and high‐stiffness materials can serve as high‐quality optical films in multilayer photonic structures, waveguides, resonators, and ultra‐low‐k dielectrics.}, number={42}, journal={ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, author={Zhang, Xu A. and Bagal, Abhijeet and Dandley, Erinn C. and Zhao, Junjie and Oldham, Christopher J. and Wu, Bae-Ian and Parsons, Gregory N. and Chang, Chih-Hao}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={6644–6649} }
 @article{dandley_lemaire_zhu_yoon_sheet_parsons_2016, title={Wafer-Scale Selective-Area Deposition of Nanoscale Metal Oxide Features Using Vapor Saturation into Patterned Poly(methyl methacrylate) Templates}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2196-7350"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000370043000006&KeyUID=WOS:000370043000006}, DOI={10.1002/admi.201500431}, abstractNote={Patterned, chemically reactive poly(methyl)methacrylate can act as a chemical “sponge” via Lewis acid/base adduct formation with metal‐organic reactants commonly used in atomic layer deposition. Extended reactant exposures saturate the reactant within the polymer, and subsequent oxidation removes the polymer and converts the saturated reactant to a metal oxide film that precisely mimics the lateral dimensions of the original polymer. Resulting oxide thickness scales with the starting polymer thickness. Regions without polymer are coated with less than 1 nm of metal oxide. Repeatable nanoscale features are formed simultaneously and uniformly across a 150 mm diameter silicon wafer.}, number={2}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES}, author={Dandley, Erinn C. and Lemaire, Paul C. and Zhu, Zhongwei and Yoon, Alex and Sheet, Lubab and Parsons, Gregory N.}, year={2016}, month={Jan} }
 @article{dandley_needham_williams_brozena_oldham_parsons_2014, title={Temperature-dependent reaction between trimethylaluminum and poly(methyl methacrylate) during sequential vapor infiltration: experimental and ab initio analysis}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2050-7534"]}, DOI={10.1039/c4tc01293c}, abstractNote={We propose a temperature dependent reaction scheme between trimethylaluminum and poly(methyl methacrylate) for enhanced control of vapor phase polymer modification.}, number={44}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C}, author={Dandley, Erinn C. and Needham, Craig D. and Williams, Philip S. and Brozena, Alexandra H. and Oldham, Christopher J. and Parsons, Gregory N.}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={9416–9424} }
 @misc{parsons_atanasov_dandley_devine_gong_jur_lee_oldham_peng_spagnola_et al._2013, title={Mechanisms and reactions during atomic layer deposition on polymers}, volume={257}, ISSN={["1873-3840"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000327915000012&KeyUID=WOS:000327915000012}, DOI={10.1016/j.ccr.2013.07.001}, abstractNote={There is significant growing interest in atomic layer deposition onto polymers for barrier coatings, nanoscale templates, surface modification layers and other applications. The ability to control the reaction between ALD precursors and polymers opens new opportunities in ALD materials processing. It is well recognized that ALD on many polymers involves subsurface precursor diffusion and reaction which are not encountered during ALD on solid surfaces. This article reviews recent insights into chemical reactions that proceed during ALD on polymers, with particular focus on the common Al2O3 reaction sequence using trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and water. We highlight the role of different polymer reactive groups in film growth, and how the balance between precursor diffusion and reaction can change as deposition proceeds. As a strong Lewis acid, TMA forms adducts with Lewis base sites within the polymer, and the reactions that proceed are determined by the neighboring bond structure. Moreover, the Lewis base sites can be saturated by TMA, producing a self-limiting half-reaction within a three-dimensional polymer, analogous to a self-limiting half-reaction commonly observed during ALD on a solid planar surface.}, number={23-24}, journal={COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS}, author={Parsons, Gregory N. and Atanasov, Sarah E. and Dandley, Erinn C. and Devine, Christina K. and Gong, Bo and Jur, Jesse S. and Lee, Kyoungmi and Oldham, Christopher J. and Peng, Qing and Spagnola, Joseph C. and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={3323–3331} }