@article{schultz_haddad_henry_crone_2019, title={Movement and Demography of At-Risk Butterflies: Building Blocks for Conservation}, volume={64}, ISSN={["0066-4170"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-112204}, abstractNote={The number of insect species at risk of population decline and extinction is increasing rapidly. Yet we know almost nothing about the ecology of these species, except for at-risk butterflies. A growing body of literature shows how butterfly vital rates, including demography and movement, are essential for guiding conservation and recovery. History has shown us that without these data, conservation decisions often weaken, rather than enhance, population viability. This is especially true in changing landscapes. We review knowledge of vital rates across all at-risk butterflies. We have information on movement for 17 of 283 butterfly species and information on demography for 19 species. We find that habitat-specific movement behavior is key to understanding how to connect populations, and habitat-specific demography is central to managing habitats. Methods and analyses worked out for butterflies can provide a scaffold around which to build studies for the conservation of other at-risk insects.}, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 64}, author={Schultz, Cheryl B. and Haddad, Nick M. and Henry, Erica H. and Crone, Elizabeth E.}, year={2019}, pages={167–184} }
 @article{salvato_salvato_henry_pluer_2018, title={TRICHOGRAMMA SP (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) AN EGG PARASITOID OF STRYMON ACIS BARTRAMI (LYCAENIDAE)}, volume={72}, ISSN={["0024-0966"]}, DOI={10.18473/lepi.v72i2.a11}, abstractNote={Bartram’s scrub-hairstreak, Strymon acis bartrami (Comstock & Huntington) (Lycaenidae), occurs locally within the pine rocklands of southern Florida and the lower Florida Keys (Minno and Emmel 1993, Smith et al. 1994), where it is endemic. Due in large part to habitat loss, S. a. bartrami populations have declined considerably during the last several decades (Salvato and Salvato 2010). Hennessey and Habeck (1991) and Worth et al. (1996) described many aspects of S. a. bartrami natural history. Salvato and Hennessey (2004), Salvato and Salvato (2008, 2010), and Salvato et al. (2012) also discussed S. a. bartrami ecology and provided a review of known parasites and predators for the species. However, no egg parasitoids have been recorded for S. a. bartrami. On 11 March 2017 Erica H. Henry and Benjamin D. Pluer observed a S. a. bartrami oviposit a single egg on the flower raceme of Croton linearis Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae), the subspecies larval hostplant, within the Long Pine Key region of Everglades National Park (Miami-Dade County, Florida). Four days later on 15 March 2017 they noted that the egg had darkened in color (Fig. 1). Salvato and Hennessey (2003) indicated that eggs of the endangered Florida leafwing (Anaea troglodyta floridalis F. Johnson and Comstock [Nymphalidae]), which also occurs within Long Pine Key and uses C. linearis as hostplant, turn black after being parasitized by Trichogramma Westward wasps. Therefore, on 17 March 2017, after photographing the observation in the field, the S. a. bartrami egg was subsequently collected by MHS in order to identify any possible parasitoids. The S. a. bartrami egg was maintained in a 20-gram glass vial and monitored daily until 24 March 2017 when several minute parasitic wasps (n = 7) emerged (Fig. 2). After photographing the wasps they were preserved 95 percent ethanol and sent to Dr. Richard Stouthamer (University of California, Riverside) who identified them as Trichogramma sp. near pretiosum. Pinto (1999) described T. sp. near pretiosum from specimens collected in Long Pine Key and Naranja, Florida, designating it as Florida species E until further taxonomic studies are conducted. The gene sequences for Florida species E have been placed on GenBank (accession number: MF796677) (R. Stouthamer, pers. comm.). Hennessey and Habeck (1991) identified T. sp. near pretiosum as a key mortality factor towards Anaea t. floridalis eggs, noting an average parasitism rate of 66 percent (based on a sample size of 50 eggs) within Long Pine Key, and elsewhere in its historic range. Conversely, initial studies by EHH and BDP within Long Pine Key during 2017 suggest parasitism rates for S. a. bartrami eggs are much lower (10 percent, sample size 126 eggs). Little is known regarding the distribution, host preference and natural history of Trichogramma sp. near pretiosum. However, the similar T. pretiosum Riley occurs worldwide and has been}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY}, author={Salvato, Mark H. and Salvato, Holly L. and Henry, Erica H. and Pluer, Benjamin D.}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={175-+} }
 @article{henry_anderson_2016, title={Abundance estimates to inform butterfly management: double-observer versus distance sampling}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1572-9753"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10841-016-9883-9}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION}, author={Henry, Erica H. and Anderson, Chad T.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={505–514} }
 @article{henry_haddad_wilson_hughes_gardner_2015, title={Point-count methods to monitor butterfly populations when traditional methods fail: a case study with Miami blue butterfly}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1572-9753"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10841-015-9773-6}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION}, author={Henry, Erica H. and Haddad, Nick M. and Wilson, John and Hughes, Phillip and Gardner, Beth}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={519–529} }
 @article{henry_beyer_2013, title={A note on overwintering of Polites mardon (Hesperiinae) in the wild}, volume={67}, DOI={10.18473/lepi.v67i4.a9}, abstractNote={Polites mardon W.H. Edwards (Washington State endangered) is a grass skipper endemic to the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Currently P. mardon occurs in four disjunct populations from northern California to the Puget lowland of Washington (Fig. 1, Mattoon et al. 1998). The butterfly’s historic distribution in each geographic region is unknown but has likely contracted over the last 100 years along with the loss of grassland and montane meadow habitats due to development, forest succession, fire suppression, and spread of invasive species (Potter et al. 1999). Because little habitat remains throughout the butterfly’s range, active habitat restoration and management such as prescribed burning, invasive species control, and conifer removal is ongoing (Beyer & Schultz 2010, Henry & Schultz 2013). Until recently, much of this management occurred with very little knowledge of the habitat requirements and life history of the butterfly. Early knowledge of the life history of P. mardon is based on captive rearing work by Newcomer (1966). He found the larval period of captive individuals to last approximately three months and diapause to occur in the pupal stage. More recently, James and Nunnallee (2011) also found captive individuals to overwinter as pupae. Our field observations of wild populations contradict these observations of captive individuals and provide insights into the biology of the butterfly that can inform conservation and habitat restoration planning. In this note we document P. mardon overwintering as larvae in the wild and describe larval shelters observed in the field. The data presented herein were collected as part of larger studies of the oviposition habitat requirements of P. mardon in Washington State (Beyer & Schultz 2010, Henry & Schultz 2013). To determine the overwintering stage of P. mardon in the wild, we followed larval development in two disjunct areas of the butterfly’s range in Washington State. In 2006/2007, we worked in the Bunny Hill Meadow, a 164 m2 alpine meadow (1097m elevation) on the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Cascade Mountains, hereafter referred to as the Cascades (Beyer & Black 2006). In 2009/2010 our focus was Scatter Creek Wildlife Area (60m elevation), a remnant glacial outwash prairie in the south Puget Lowland containing 250 hectares of prairie, hereafter referred to as Puget prairie (Henry & Schultz 2013). In the wild, female P. mardon lay eggs singly in the grass without affixing them to the hostplant (unlike in captivity where James and Nunallee (2011) observed females lightly gluing eggs to hosts). Therefore, to establish egg locations, we performed extensive oviposition surveys in the Cascade Mountains and the Puget prairie during the 2006 and 2009 flight seasons, respectively (see Beyer & Schultz 2010 and Henry & Schultz 2013 for detailed methods). We marked all observed oviposition locations with a wooden skewer as close to the egg as possible and re-visited egg locations every few weeks to determine developmental stages of butterfly larvae.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society}, author={Henry, E. H. and Beyer, L. J.}, year={2013}, pages={304–307} }