@article{book_snow_long_fang_baldauf_2015, title={Temperature effects on particulate emissions from DPF-equipped diesel trucks operating on conventional and biodiesel fuels}, volume={65}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84942616652&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/10962247.2014.984817}, abstractNote={Emissions tests were conducted on two medium heavy-duty diesel trucks equipped with a particulate filter (DPF), with one vehicle using a NOx absorber and the other a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for control of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Both vehicles were tested with two different fuels (ultra-low-sulfur diesel [ULSD] and biodiesel [B20]) and ambient temperatures (70ºF and 20ºF), while the truck with the NOx absorber was also operated at two loads (a heavy weight and a light weight). The test procedure included three driving cycles, a cold start with low transients (CSLT), the federal heavy-duty urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), and a warm start with low transients (WSLT). Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured second-by-second using an Aethalometer for black carbon (BC) concentrations and an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) for particle count measurements between 5.6 and 560 nm. The DPF/NOx absorber vehicle experienced increased BC and particle number concentrations during cold starts under cold ambient conditions, with concentrations two to three times higher than under warm starts at higher ambient temperatures. The average particle count for the UDDS showed an opposite trend, with an approximately 27% decrease when ambient temperatures decreased from 70ºF to 20ºF. This vehicle experienced decreased emissions when going from ULSD to B20. The DPF/SCR vehicle tested had much lower emissions, with many of the BC and particle number measurements below detectable limits. However, both vehicles did experience elevated emissions caused by DPF regeneration. All regeneration events occurred during the UDDS cycle. Slight increases in emissions were measured during the WSLT cycles after the regeneration. However, the day after a regeneration occurred, both vehicles showed significant increases in particle number and BC for the CSLT drive cycle, with increases from 93 to 1380% for PM number emissions compared with tests following a day with no regeneration. Implications: The use of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) on trucks is becoming more common throughout the world. Understanding how DPFs affect air pollution emissions under varying operating conditions will be critical in implementing effective air quality standards. This study evaluated particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) emissions with two DPF-equipped heavy-duty diesel trucks operating on conventional fuel and a biodiesel fuel blend at varying ambient temperatures, loads, and drive cycles.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association}, author={Book, E.K. and Snow, R. and Long, T. and Fang, Tiegang and Baldauf, R.}, year={2015}, pages={751–758} }
 @article{kailasanathan_book_fang_roberts_2013, title={Hydrocarbon species concentrations in nitrogen diluted ethylene-air laminar jet diffusion flames at elevated pressures}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1873-2704"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84877712376&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.148}, abstractNote={Hydrocarbon species concentrations are measured in a laminar jet diffusion flame at elevated pressures with the objective of better understanding soot production and oxidation mechanisms, which will ultimately lead to a reduction in soot emissions from practical combustion hardware. Samples were extracted from the centerline of an ethylene flame diluted with nitrogen. The diluted fuel and co-axial air top-hat exit velocities were matched and the mass fluxes were held constant at all pressures. This paper reports centerline concentration profiles of major non-fuel hydrocarbons and 5 different PAH species measured via extractive sampling with a quartz microprobe and quantification using GC/MS + FID. The peak concentration of acetylene decreased with increase in pressure, suggesting rapid conversion to heavier compounds, whereas the concentrations of the other major heavier non-fuel hydrocarbons increase with an increase in pressure. The measured peak species concentration as a function of pressure is seen to closely follow a power law function, Pn, where n varies from less than zero for acetylene, propane and diacetylene to greater than unity for the larger PAH species.}, number={1}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE}, author={Kailasanathan, Ranjith Kumar Abhinavam and Book, Emily K. and Fang, Tiegang and Roberts, William L.}, year={2013}, pages={1035–1043} }