@article{bini_bailey_voyvodic_chiavaccini_munana_keenihan_2023, title={Effects of alfaxalone, propofol and isoflurane on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide in dogs: A pilot study}, volume={291}, ISSN={["1532-2971"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105939}, abstractNote={Propofol total intravenous anesthesia is a common choice to anesthetize patients with increased intracranial pressure, reducing cerebral blood flow while maintaining cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2. Propofol and alfaxalone are commonly used for total intravenous anesthesia in dogs, but the effects of alfaxalone on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 are unknown. Our hypothesis was that alfaxalone would not be significantly different to propofol, while isoflurane would increase cerebral blood flow and decrease cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2. Six healthy hound dogs were evaluated in this randomized crossover trial. Dogs were anesthetized with 7.5 mg/kg propofol, 3 mg/kg alfaxalone or 8 % sevoflurane, mechanically ventilated and maintained with propofol (400 µg/kg/min), alfaxalone (150 µg/kg/min) or 1.7 % end-tidal isoflurane, respectively, with one week washout between treatments. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 during hypercapnic and hypocapnic challenges were measured using arterial spin labelling and blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging sequences, respectively. Median (interquartile range, IQR) normocapnic cerebral blood flow was significantly lower (P = 0.016) with alfaxalone compared to isoflurane, in the whole brain 15.39 mL/min/100 g (14.90–19.90 mL/min/100 g) vs. 34.10 mL/min/100 g (33.35–43.17 mL/min/100 g), the grey matter 14.57 mL/min/100 g (13.66–18.72 mL/min/100 g) vs. 32.37 mL/min/100 g (31.03–42.99 mL/min/100 g), the caudal brain 15.47 mL/min/100 g (13.37–21.45 mL/min/100 g) vs. 36.85 mL/min/100 g (32.50–47.18 mL/min/100 g) and the temporal lobe grey matter 18.80 mL/min/100 g (15.89–20.84 mL/min/100 g) vs. 43.32 (36.07–43.58 mL/min/100 g). Median (IQR) hypocapnic cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 was significantly higher (P = 0.016) for alfaxalone compared to isoflurane 8.85 %S/mm Hg (6.92–10.44 %S/mm Hg) vs. 3.90 %S/mm Hg (3.80–4.33 %S/mm Hg). Alfaxalone maintained lower cerebral blood flow and higher hypocapnic cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 than isoflurane.}, journal={VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Bini, G. and Bailey, K. M. and Voyvodic, J. T. and Chiavaccini, L. and Munana, K. R. and Keenihan, E. K.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{woelfel_mariani_nolan_keenihan_topulos_early_munana_musulin_olby_2023, title={Presumed pituitary apoplexy in 26 dogs: Clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16703}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16703}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Woelfel, Christian W. and Mariani, Christopher L. and Nolan, Michael W. and Keenihan, Erin K. and Topulos, Sophia P. and Early, Peter J. and Munana, Karen R. and Musulin, Sarah E. and Olby, Natasha J.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{briley_keenihan_mathews_chiavaccini_2022, title={<p>Development of an ultrasound-guided transgluteal injection of the pudendal nerve in cats: a cadaveric study</p>}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1467-2995"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2021.11.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaa.2021.11.004}, abstractNote={To develop an ultrasound-guided interfascial plane technique for injection of the pudendal nerve near its sacral origin in cats.Prospective, randomized, anatomical study.A group of 12 feline cadavers.Gross and ultrasound anatomy of the ischiorectal fossa, the pudendal nerve relationship with parasacral structures, and the interfascial plane were described. Computed tomography was employed to describe a cranial transgluteal approach to the pudendal nerve. Bilateral ultrasound-guided injections were performed in eight cadavers using low [(LV) 0.1 mL kg-1] or high volume [(HV) 0.2 mL kg-1] of ropivacaine-dye solution. Dissections were performed to determine successful staining of the pudendal nerve (>1 cm) and inadvertent staining of the sciatic nerve, and any rectal, urethral, or intravascular puncture. Pudendal nerve staining in groups LV and HV were compared using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate (p = 0.05).The pudendal nerve and its rectal perineal and sensory branches coursed through the ischiorectal fossa, dorsomedial to the ischiatic spine. The pudendal nerve was not identified ultrasonographically, but the target plane was identified between the sacral transverse process, the ischiatic spine, the pelvic fascia and the rectum, and it was filled with dye solution. Both branches of the pudendal nerve were completely stained 75% and 87.5% in groups LV and HV, respectively (p = 1.00). The dorsal aspect of the sciatic nerve was partially stained in 37% of injections in group HV. Rectal or urethral puncture and intravascular injection were not observed.In cats, ultrasound-guided cranial transgluteal injection successfully stained the pudendal nerve in at least 75% of attempts, regardless of injectate volume. Group HV had a greater probability of sciatic nerve staining.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Briley, Jessica D. and Keenihan, Erin K. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Chiavaccini, Ludovica}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={189–196} }
 @article{durand_keenihan_schweizer_maiolini_guevar_oevermann_gutierrez-quintana_2022, title={Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of lymphoma involving the nervous system in cats}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16350}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Durand, Alexane and Keenihan, Erin and Schweizer, Daniela and Maiolini, Arianna and Guevar, Julien and Oevermann, Anna and Gutierrez-Quintana, Rodrigo}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{vlaming_mathews_hash_keenihan_sommer_borst_vaden_2022, title={Creation of a Continent Urinary Bladder Reservoir Vascularized by Omentum as a Possible Surgical Option for Canine Trigonal/Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1521-0553"]}, DOI={10.1080/08941939.2020.1864797}, abstractNote={Abstract Surgical procedures that maintain continence with minimal complication following resection of trigono-urethral urothelial carcinoma (UC) are limited in canines; therefore, palliative options are often pursued. A feasible tumor resection option may improve disease control and survival. The study’s objective was to evaluate a continent urine reservoir created from the urinary bladder body and vascularized solely by omentum. We hypothesized that a viable urine reservoir could be created, and staged omentalization would provide improved vascularity. Nine normal female Beagles were randomized to one of three groups. Group A urinary bladders were transected cranial to the ureteral papillae to create a closed bladder vesicle which was concomitantly omentalized. Group B underwent omentalization two weeks prior to vesicle creation. Based on Group A and B results, Group C underwent neoureterocystostomy and omentalization followed by neoreservoir formation and tube cystostomy 2 weeks later. Serial ultrasounds and histopathology confirmed adequate omental neovascularization in Groups B and C with continent Group C neoreservoirs maintained for 2 months. Some pylectasia and ureteral dilation was documented in all Group C dogs at variable timepoints. Progressive hydroureteronephrosis developed in 2/6 kidneys. Transient azotemia was noted in only 1 Group C dog, although all developed treatable urinary tract infections. The sample size is limited, and the efficacy of this technique in providing disease control for UC is unknown. However, this novel option could allow for primary UC resection while providing continence and limiting complications. Postoperative local or systemic adjuvant therapy, ultrasonographic neoreservoir monitoring, and BRAF analysis would be indicated.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE SURGERY}, author={Vlaming, Annemarieke and Mathews, Kyle G. and Hash, Jonathan A. and Keenihan, Erin K. and Sommer, Samantha and Borst, Luke and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={481–495} }
 @article{elkhamary_keenihan_schnabel_redding_schumacher_2022, title={Leveraging MRI characterization of longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses using machine learning}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13090}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={ELKhamary, Ahmed N. and Keenihan, Erin K. and Schnabel, Lauren V and Redding, William R. and Schumacher, Jim}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{warwick_guillem_batchelor_schwarz_liuti_griffin_keenihan_theron_specchi_lacava_et al._2021, title={Imaging findings in 14 dogs and 3 cats with lobar emphysema}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16183}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Warwick, Harry and Guillem, James and Batchelor, Daniel and Schwarz, Tobias and Liuti, Tiziana and Griffin, Sally and Keenihan, Erin and Theron, Marie-Laure and Specchi, Swan and Lacava, Giuseppe and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{dickson_scharf_nelson_petrovitch_keenihan_mathews_2020, title={Computed tomography in two recumbencies aides in the identification of pulmonary bullae in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12905}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Dickson, Rachel and Scharf, Valery F. and Nelson, Nathan C. and Petrovitch, Nicholas and Keenihan, Erin K. and Mathews, Kyle G.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={641–648} }
 @article{kendall_keenihan_kern_lindaberry_birkenheuer_moore_vaden_2020, title={Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound for estimation of urine volume in dogs compared with traditional 2-dimensional ultrasound methods}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15959}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kendall, Allison and Keenihan, Erin and Kern, Zachary T. and Lindaberry, Crystal and Birkenheuer, Adam and Moore, George E. and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={2460–2467} }