@article{fesmire_peal_ruff_moyer_mcparland_derks_o’neil_emke_johnson_ghosh_et al._2024, title={Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma}, volume={11}, ISSN={2297-1769}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1232650}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2024.1232650}, abstractNote={Introduction Integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation (INSPIRE) is a novel tumor ablation modality that employs high voltage, alternating polarity waveforms to induce cell death in a well-defined volume while sparing the underlying tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of INSPIRE against spontaneous melanoma in standing, awake horses. Methods A custom applicator and a pulse generation system were utilized in a pilot study to treat horses presenting with spontaneous melanoma. INSPIRE treatments were administered to 32 tumors across 6 horses and an additional 13 tumors were followed to act as untreated controls. Tumors were tracked over a 43–85 day period following a single INSPIRE treatment. Pulse widths of 500ns and 2000ns with voltages between 1000 V and 2000 V were investigated to determine the effect of these variables on treatment outcomes. Results Treatments administered at the lowest voltage (1000 V) reduced tumor volumes by 11 to 15%. Higher voltage (2000 V) treatments reduced tumor volumes by 84 to 88% and eliminated 33% and 80% of tumors when 500 ns and 2000 ns pulses were administered, respectively. Discussion Promising results were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of general anesthesia, or the need for surgical resection in regions which are challenging to keep sterile. This novel therapeutic approach has the potential to expand the role of pulsed electric fields in veterinary patients, especially when general anesthesia is contraindicated, and warrants future studies to demonstrate the efficacy of INSPIRE as a solid tumor treatment.}, journal={Frontiers in Veterinary Science}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Fesmire, Chris C. and Peal, Bridgette and Ruff, Jennifer and Moyer, Elizabeth and McParland, Thomas J. and Derks, Kobi and O’Neil, Erin and Emke, Carrie and Johnson, Brianna and Ghosh, Shatorupa and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{o’neil_fogle_sheats_love_2024, title={Opinions regarding equine veterinarian attire and attributes: results of a horse owner survey}, volume={262}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.02.0083}, DOI={10.2460/javma.24.02.0083}, abstractNote={Abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate potential equine clients’ perceptions of equine veterinarians based on attire. SAMPLE 763 horse owners/lessees. METHODS Participants were invited to complete a survey shared mainly via equestrian social media pages between August and October 2022. 1–3 Survey participants were shown pictures of a male veterinarian and a female veterinarian in 7 outfits ranging from casual to business attire and were asked to score the veterinarian on 7 traits: easygoing attitude, friendliness, compassion, trustworthiness, professionalism, competence, and cost of services. The survey asked which of the traits were most valued in an equine veterinarian, as well as whether various aspects of appearance including tattoos, piercings, and hair dyed a nonorganic color were acceptable for equine veterinarians. RESULTS Of the 2,655 individuals who opened the survey, 763 responses were included. Respondents were predominantly female (743/763 [97.4%]) from rural areas (493/763 [64.6%]). Only 37.1% (283/763) of respondents agreed that what a veterinarian wears influences their confidence in them. The highest-ranked traits in an equine veterinarian were knowledge/competency (mean ± SD, 1.46 ± 0.98), followed by trustworthiness (2.34 ± 1.08) and compassion (3.50 ± 1.20), with coveralls and scrubs being the preferred attire clients associated with these attributes (with the exception of compassion, for which polo shirt/jeans was the preferred attire). T-shirt/jeans was consistently ranked lowest by respondents in association with these attributes, except in the area of compassion, where polo shirt/black pants was ranked lowest. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggested the attire and appearance of equine veterinarians can impact client perceptions, with veterinarians wearing scrubs and coveralls associated with higher competency and trustworthiness.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={O’Neil, Erin K. and Fogle, Callie A. and Sheats, M. Katie and Love, Kim}, year={2024}, month={Aug}, pages={1081–1089} }
 @article{fesmire_petrella_williamson_derks_ruff_mcparland_o'neil_fogle_prange_sano_2024, title={Treatment of Spontaneous Tumors With Algorithmically Controlled Electroporation}, volume={71}, ISSN={0018-9294 1558-2531}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2024.3394391}, DOI={10.1109/TBME.2024.3394391}, abstractNote={To study the safety and efficacy of algorithmically controlled electroporation (ACE) against spontaneous equine melanoma.}, number={10}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Fesmire, Christopher C. and Petrella, Ross A. and Williamson, Robert H. and Derks, Kobi and Ruff, Jennifer and McParland, Thomas and O'Neil, Erin and Fogle, Callie and Prange, Timo and Sano, Michael B.}, year={2024}, month={Oct}, pages={2814–2822} }
 @article{ludwig_hallowell_womble_o'neil_2023, title={Bilateral patellar aplasia in a foal}, ISSN={["2053-1095"]}, DOI={10.1002/vms3.1083}, abstractNote={Abstract A 2‐day‐old Cleveland Bay colt was referred to the Equine Emergency Service of the Farm Animal and Equine Veterinary Medical Center at North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of decreased nursing behaviour and right hindlimb lameness of 2 days’ duration. When assisted to stand, the foal was unable to extend either hindlimb or bear weight on the hindlimbs, the right patella was luxated laterally and unable to be reduced, and the foal assumed a crouched position. Stifle radiographs revealed minimal, heterogeneous, ill‐defined ossification of both patellae. Due to the severity of the musculoskeletal defects, humane euthanasia was elected. Post‐mortem examination identified a congenital malformation of both patella bones with failure of ossification and cardiac changes suggestive of right atrioventricular valve dysplasia. Histology of the patellae showed no evidence of osteoid deposition or ossification. To our knowledge, bilateral congenital patellar aplasia has not been previously described in foals.}, journal={VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE}, author={Ludwig, Elsa K. and Hallowell, Kim and Womble, Mandy and O'Neil, Erin}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{jacobs_o’neil_2023, title={Use of equine cadaver limb models to enhance veterinary student self-efficacy during arthrocentesis}, volume={261}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.23.06.0360}, DOI={10.2460/javma.23.06.0360}, abstractNote={Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine if equine cadavers modified with joint distension would yield higher fluid volumes, require fewer needle redirects, and improve student self-efficacy. SAMPLE 19 third-year veterinary students. METHODS Voluntary participation was sought during 4 sessions of an equine arthrocentesis and diagnostic analgesia laboratory. Half of the sessions were provided with unmodified cadavers and half were provided with cadavers modified with joint distention. Prior to and after the laboratory, participating students completed surveys regarding their self-efficacy with arthrocentesis of the metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints. During the study, the number of needle redirects and the volume of fluid obtained was recorded. RESULTS Increased fluid volumes were obtained from the modified metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints. No difference was identified in number of needle redirects between cadaver types for either joint. Self-efficacy scores increased at the end of the laboratory for arthrocentesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint in both modified and unmodified groups. Self-efficacy scores increased at the end of the laboratory for arthrocentesis of the distal interphalangeal joint for the modified but not unmodified groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Modified equine cadavers provided a higher fluid yield following arthrocentesis compared to unmodified cadavers, but despite this, multiple attempts were required for proper needle placement. Performing equine arthrocentesis improved student self-efficacy with the task. Given our results, the model used for introduction to performing equine arthrocentesis may be less important than practice with the skill. In order to improve proficiency and self-efficacy, equine arthrocentesis should be provided multiple times throughout the veterinary curriculum.}, number={12}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Jacobs, Carrie C. and O’Neil, Erin K.}, year={2023}, month={Dec}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{jacobs_o'neil_prange_2022, title={Efficacy of a commercial dry sleeve cryotherapy system for cooling the equine metacarpus}, volume={51}, ISSN={0161-3499 1532-950X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13847}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13847}, abstractNote={Abstract Objective To determine the ability of a commercial cryotherapy system (Game Ready Equine) to cool the metacarpal subcutaneous tissue and the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in horses. Study design Experimental study. Animals or sample population Six healthy adult horses. Methods Thermocouples were implanted into the metacarpal subcutaneous tissues and the SDFT of six horses. Two treatments (cryotherapy or cryotherapy with 5–50 mmHg intermittent compression) were randomly assigned to forelimbs and performed for 20 minutes. Temperatures were compared to the target range of 10–19°C and between groups. Results Only one limb in the cryotherapy/compression group reached the target range after cryotherapy. Temperatures did not differ between treatment groups at time 0. Lowest temperatures achieved in the subcutaneous tissue ( p = .0043) and SDFT ( p = .005) were 4.9 and 7.6°C lower when intermittent compression was applied. Similarly, applying compression induced a maximum change in temperature of approximately 7.0°C in the subcutaneous tissue ( p = .014) and 10.2°C in the SDFT ( p = .0001). Conclusion The cryotherapy system did not cool equine subcutaneous tissue or SDFT to the target temperature range, except in one limb. Combining cryotherapy with intermittent compression did result in lower temperatures and a greater change in temperature of the subcutaneous tissue and SDFT. Clinical significance When using this cryotherapy system, the addition of intermittent compression should be considered to achieve lower temperatures and potentially greater reduction in inflammation. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of longer treatment times, higher compression settings, and the optimal temperature for benefits in normal and diseased equine tissues.}, number={7}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jacobs, Carrie C. and O'Neil, Erin and Prange, Timo}, year={2022}, month={Jul}, pages={1070–1077} }