@article{lee_fleming_hawari_2023, title={Benchmark of Neutron Thermalization in Graphite Using a Pulsed Slowing-Down-Time Experiment}, ISSN={["1943-748X"]}, DOI={10.1080/00295639.2022.2162789}, abstractNote={Abstract A benchmark has been developed using a pulsed slowing-down-time experiment to isolate the thermalization process in graphite. The experiment was conducted at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and it measured the time spectrum of neutrons leaking from a graphite pile during slowing down and thermalization within graphite. Simulations of the benchmark experiment were performed using the MCNP6.1 Monte Carlo code and the ENDF/B-VII.1 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 cross-section databases. The benchmark provides a time spectrum (i.e., time-dependent counts in a detector) that allows for validation of the graphite thermal scattering libraries (TSLs). The impact on the simulations using a suite of graphite TSLs was compared with the experimental results. Given the density of nuclear graphite, the TSL corresponding to graphite with 30% porosity, as implemented in ENDF/B-VIII.0, was found to most accurately represent the measured time spectrum corresponding to the thermal energy range with an average deviation of ±1.7%.}, journal={NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING}, author={Lee, Eunji and Fleming, N. Colby and Hawari, Ayman I.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{fleming_manring_laramee_crozier_lee_hawari_2023, title={FLASSH 1.0: Thermal Scattering Law Evaluation and Cross Section Generation}, volume={284}, ISBN={["*****************"]}, ISSN={["2100-014X"]}, DOI={10.1051/epjconf/202328417007}, abstractNote={The Full Law Analysis Scattering System Hub (FLASSH) is an advanced code which evaluates the thermal scattering law (i.e. TSL, S(α,β)) for thermal scattering cross sections and resonance Doppler broadening. The ability to accurately capture these two key cross section features is dependent on accurate, high fidelity TSL evaluations. FLASSH 1.0 provides advanced physics capabilities resulting in an improved, generalized TSL to most accurately represent the lattice dynamics within any material. This improved TSL will allow for consistent analysis in both the thermal and epithermal energy ranges. The features for TSL analysis are packaged within the FLASSH GUI for easy user interface along with data output in many file formats including ENDF File 7 and ACE files.}, journal={15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ND2022}, author={Fleming, N. Colby and Manring, Cole A. and Laramee, Benjamin K. and Crozier, Jonathan P. W. and Lee, Eunji and Hawari, Ayman I.}, year={2023} }
 @article{fleming_manring_laramee_crozier_lee_hawari_2023, title={FLASSH 1.0: Thermal Scattering Law Evaluation and Cross-Section Generation for Reactor Physics Applications}, ISSN={["1943-748X"]}, DOI={10.1080/00295639.2023.2194195}, abstractNote={Abstract The Full Law Analysis Scattering System Hub (FLASSH) is a modern, advanced code that evaluates the thermal scattering law (TSL) along with accompanying cross sections. FLASSH features generalized methods that accommodate any material structure. Historical approximations including incoherent and cubic approximations have been removed. Instead, the latest release of FLASSH features advanced physics options including distinct effect corrections (one-phonon contributions) and noncubic formulations. Noncubic elastic and inelastic contributions are necessary to accurately evaluate one-phonon contributions. Both noncubic and one-phonon calculations require high-density sampling of the various scattering directions. Optimization and parallelization of these routines were therefore necessary to produce results in a reasonable computational time frame. With these notable improvements to the generalized TSL, FLASSH 1.0 can meet benchmark requirements by permitting realistic comparisons with experiments for both TSLs and the resulting integrated cross sections. Within FLASSH, these high-fidelity TSLs can be applied also to the resonance region to evaluate accurate, material structure-dependent Doppler broadening that captures the observed experimental behavior. Additional features including a graphical user interface (GUI), plotting diagnostics, and formatted output options including ACE files allow users to complete a TSL evaluation with minimal input and maximum flexibility. The user GUI creates input files for FLASSH, reducing user error and also providing built-in error checks. Autofill options and suggested input values help make TSL evaluation accessible to novice users. The FLASSH code is compiled to run on both Windows and Linux platforms with automatic parallelization.}, journal={NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING}, author={Fleming, N. Colby and Manring, Cole A. and Laramee, Briana K. and Crozier, Jonathan P. W. and Lee, Eunji and Hawari, Ayman I.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{nakao_kajimoto_sanami_froeschl_iliopoulou_infantino_yashima_oyama_nagaguro_lee_et al._2021, title={Measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of high-energy neutron streaming through the access maze using activation detectors at 24 GeV/c proton beam facility of CERN/CHARM}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1881-1248"]}, DOI={10.1080/00223131.2021.1887003}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT A measurement of high-energy neutron streaming was performed through a maze at the CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) High-energy AcceleRator Mixed-field (CHARM) facility. The protons of 24 GeV/c were injected onto a 50-cm-thick copper target and the released neutrons were streamed through a maze with several corridor-legs horizontally designed with the shield walls in the facility. Streaming neutrons were measured by using aluminum activation detectors placed at 10 locations in the maze. From the radionuclide production rate in the activation detectors, the attenuation profile along the maze was obtained for the reaction of 27Al(n,α)24Na. Monte Carlo simulations performed with two codes, the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS) and CERN FLUktuierende KAskade (FLUKA), gave good agreements with the measurements within a factor of 1.7 for the production rates ranging over more than 3 orders of magnitude.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Nakao, Noriaki and Kajimoto, Tsuyoshi and Sanami, Toshiya and Froeschl, Robert and Iliopoulou, Elpida and Infantino, Angelo and Yashima, Hiroshi and Oyama, Takahiro and Nagaguro, Seiji and Lee, Eunji and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={899–907} }
 @article{oyama_sanami_yashima_hagiwara_nakao_infantino_iliopoulou_froeschl_roesler_kajimoto_et al._2021, title={Measurements of secondary-particle emissions from copper target bombarded with 24-GeV/c protons}, volume={990}, ISSN={["1872-9576"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.nima.2020.164977}, abstractNote={To devise an activation technique for characterizing mixed radiation fields, secondary particles from a copper target irradiated by 24 GeV/c protons were measured at the CERN High-energy AcceleRator Mixed field facility (CHARM). Activation detector sets consisting of aluminum, niobium, indium, and bismuth, were placed at 30 cm from the target at angles of 15° to 160° with respect to the beam axis. The nuclides generated in these detectors due to irradiation by secondary particles were analyzed by γ-ray spectrometry, and the angular distributions of the production rates were obtained. The results of Monte Carlo calculations using FLUKA code was compared with the experimental results. The calculated results well agreed with the measured data at all angles. The influence of competitive reactions on the measured data were also evaluated by FLUKA. The following nuclear reactions, with low affectivity by competitive reactions, were identified as promising tools for characterizing mixed radiation fields: the 115In(n, n′)115mIn reaction for detecting neutrons emitted by the evaporation process, the 93Nb(γ, n)92mNb reaction for verifying the photon distribution generated by neutral-pion decay (π0→2γ), and the 209Bi(p, 4n)206Po reaction, which detects secondary protons.}, journal={NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT}, author={Oyama, Takahiro and Sanami, Toshiya and Yashima, Hiroshi and Hagiwara, Masayuki and Nakao, Noriaki and Infantino, Angelo and Iliopoulou, Elpida and Froeschl, Robert and Roesler, Stefan and Kajimoto, Tsuyoshi and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }