Erin Seekamp

Socio-spatial factors influence climate change adaptation decisions of rural coastal landowners

Smart, L. S., Seekamp, E., Van Berkel, D., Vukomanovic, J., & Smith, J. W. (2023, July 29). LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY, Vol. 7.

Sustainable Adaptation Planning for Cultural Heritage in Coastal Tourism Destinations Under Climate Change: A Mixed-Paradigm of Preservation and Conservation Optimization

Xiao, X., Li, P., & Seekamp, E. (2023, January 11). JOURNAL OF TRAVEL RESEARCH, Vol. 1.

Tourist Perceptions of Climate Change Impacts on Mountain Ecotourism in Southern Mexico

Tourism and Hospitality.

Actor-network theory and organizational resilience to climate change in community-based tourism

JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM-RESEARCH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, 38.

Climate adaptation planning for cultural heritages in coastal tourism destinations: A multi-objective optimization approach

TOURISM MANAGEMENT, 88.

Strategies for building diverse tourism advocates

Tourism Management Perspectives, 42, 100967.

Understanding tourism suppliers’ resilience to climate change in a rural destination in Maine

Tourism Planning & Development.

Assessing Geospatial Technology Implementation Capacity for Natural Resource Management Networks: A Proposed Framework

JOURNAL OF PARK AND RECREATION ADMINISTRATION, 39(2), 24–42.

Climate impacts on coastal communities & economies

Climate impacts on coastal communities & economies. Presented at the Resilient Nantucket Forum: Designing for Adaptation.

Collaborative adaptation planning for archaeological sites at US National Parks: A case study of Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site

Poster presented at the 2021 International Association for Society and Natural Resources Conference.

Connection to Nature Boosts Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sustainability, 13(21), 12297.

Cultural Cognition and Ideological Framing Influence Communication About Zoonotic Disease in the Era of COVID-19

Frontiers in Communication, 6.

Designing architecture and modeling for disasters

Presented at the University Research Symposium, NC State University.

Determinants of visitor climate change risk perceptions in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA

JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM-RESEARCH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, 35.

Economic optimization of historic preservation in national parks: Future transitions for climate change and cultural resources

Presented at the 51st Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA) International Conference.

Historical-economic of climate adaptation planning for historical resources: A multi-objective optimization approach

Poster presented at the 2021 Southeast Environment and Recreation Research Conference (SERR).

Oh, what a mess we’ve made: A comment on natural heritage

Presented at the XXIV International Conference of the Society for Human Ecology, Brazil.

Opportunities for collaborative climate adaptation: Preliminary findings on the impacts of compounded crises on remote, tourism-dependent coastal communities

Presented at the 2021 Carolinas Climate Resilience Conference, Durham, North Carolina.

Optimizing preservation for multiple types of historic structures under climate change

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING, 214.

Outdoor Activity Participation Improves Adolescents’ Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2506.

Planning for coastal and marine heritage in a changing climate. Coastal-Marine Ecosystem-Based Management Tools Network

Presented at the EBM Tools Network Webinar Series, Open Communications for the Oceans (OCTO) and the NOAA National Marine Protected Area Center.

Sense of place in heritage preservation and transformation

Presented at the ARCP 256 – The Built Environment, Department of Architecture & Community Planning, University of the District of Columbia.

Speaking of language: A look into how language reflects differing approaches to climate adaptation

(Tourism Extension Report No. 2021-001). https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.20/38513

Speaking of language: Using language to investigate approaches to climate adaptation

Poster presented at the 2021 International Association for Society and Natural Resources Conference.

Sustaining our natural heritage: It’s time to boldly face an uncertain future

Poster presented at the International Co-Sponsored Meeting from UNESCO, ICOMOS, IPCC on Culture, Heritage and Climate Change.

Testing the Transferability of the Optimal Preservation Model at Gulf Islands National Seashore

(Natural Resource Report No. 2021/2303).

Understanding the resilience of a rural tourism destination to climate change in Maine, USA

Poster presented at the 2021 International Association for Society and Natural Resources Conference.

Using theory to better communicate to different audiences about Whooping Crane conservation

HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE, 26(2), 148–162.

Archeological Sites Breakout Session

Presented at the Stemming the Tides Symposium, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C.

Beyond economic earnings: The holistic meaning of success for women in agritourism

Sustainability, 12(12), 4907.

Climate adaptation planning and policy for World Heritage

Presented at the PRTM Department Seminar Series, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Climate change and nature-based tourism: How do different types of visitors respond?

Tourism Planning & Development, 12, 1–19.

Exploring qualitative applications of social media data for place-based assessments in destination planning

Current Issues in Tourism, 23(1), 82–98.

Facilitating resource management in unprecedented times: Lessons from the Gulf coast

Lightning Talk presented at the 2020 Bays and Bayous Symposium.

Historic preservation priorities for climate adaptation

OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT, 191.

Language and strategies for climate adaptation planning of archeological sites

Presented at the Knowledge Systems and Cultural Heritage Stewardship Working Group Session at the 2020 National Tribal and Indigenous Climate Conference.

Prioritizing climate adaptation decisions for historic preservation: A pilot study at Cape Lookout National Seashore to test optimization model

Poster presented at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting.

Resilience and transformation of heritage sites to accommodate for loss and learning in a changing climate

CLIMATIC CHANGE, 162(1), 41–55.

Social Capital along Wine Trails: Spilling the Wine to Residents?

Sustainability, 12(4), 1592.

The effects of 2D and 3D imagery and an educational message on perceptions of trail impacts

Natural Areas Journal, 40(3), 211.

Uncovering climate (in) justice with an adaptive capacity assessment: A multiple case study in rural coastal North Carolina

Land Use Policy, 94, 104547.

Value-based decision support for adapting vulnerable coastal cultural resources

Presented at the 2020 Social Coast Forum, Charleston, South Carolina.

‘A commons before the sea:’ climate justice considerations for coastal zone management

Climate and Development, 12(3), 199–203.

A PGIS-Based Climate Change Risk Assessment Process for Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Dependent Communities

Sustainability, 11(12), 3300.

Assessing Residents’ Place Attachment to the Guatemalan Maya Landscape Through Mixed Methods Photo Elicitation

Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5, 155868981984580.

Balancing carbon dioxide: a case study of forest preservation, out-migration, and afforestation in the Pueblos Mancomunados of Oaxaca, Mexico

Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 38(7), 697–714.

Barriers, needs, and incentives: Climate Heritage Mobilization workshop expert elicitation report

(Tourism Extension Report No. 2019-001). https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/handle/1840.20/36325

Children can foster climate change concern among their parents

Nature Climate Change, 9(6), 458–462.

Climate adaptation planning for archeological sites within the National Park Service

Presented at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Tribal Environmental Conference, Uncasville, CT.

Climate adaptation planning for archeological stewardship (invited presentation to the Culture and Heritage Committee

Presented at the United South and Eastern Tribes (USET) Annual Meeting, Choctaw, Mississippi.

Coastal resilience: Perspectives from the Social Sciences

Coordinated Session presented at the 2019 Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center Regional Science Symposium, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Coastal resilience: Perspectives from the Social Sciences. World Café Host at the 2019 Southeast Climate

Presented at the Adaptation Science Center Regional Science Symposium, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Conversation about climate adaptation planning for archeological stewardship in the National Park Service

Working Meeting presented at the 2019 USET Climate Resilience Summit, Verona, New York.

Decision support tools for prioritizing heritage resources for climate adaptation

Presented at the ICCROM Public Lecture Series, Intergovernmental Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, Rome, Italy.

Diversifying climate readiness: Gaining access and spreading the message in rural low-lying North Carolina

Presented at the 2019 Ecological Society of America (ESA) Annual Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky.

Evaluating climate change behaviors and concern in the family context

Environmental Education Research, 25(5), 678–690.

From the ground up: Incorporating place values into the traditional climate adaptation vulnerability assessment

Presented at the 25th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Heritage conservation in a changing climate

Presented at the Sustainable Cultural Heritage Program Lecture, American University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Identifying the relative significance of diverse heritage assets: A self-study of ICCROM

Rome, Italy: International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM).

Influences on coastal tourism demand and substitution behaviors from climate change impacts and hazard recovery responses

Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(5), 629–648.

Informing Plans for Managing Resources of Cape Lookout National Seashore under Projected Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and Associated Impacts: Stakeholder Studies Synthesis Report

https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2258829

Knowledge co-production in climate adaptation planning of archaeological sites

Journal of Coastal Conservation, 23(3), 689–698.

Land managers' perceptions of the contributions of conservation corps partnerships

Presented at the 41st Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Athens, Georgia.

Linking residential saltwater intrusion risk perceptions to physical exposure of climate change impacts in rural coastal communities of North Carolina

Natural Hazards, 97(3), 1277–1295.

Optimizing historic preservation under climate change: Decision support for cultural resource adaptation planning in national parks

Land Use Policy, 83, 379–389.

Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore

Partnerships for tourism management: A case study of the US Forest Service

In Y.-F. Leung, A. Spenceley, G. Hvenegaard, & R. Buckley (Eds.), IUCN Tourism and Visitor Management in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Sustainability (3rd ed., p. 72). https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47918

Predictors of visitors’ climate-related coping behaviors in a nature-based tourism destination

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 26, 23–33.

Self-assessment of the relative significance of ICCROM’s Assets

Presented at the ICCROM Lecture Series, Intergovernmental Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, Rome, Italy.

Social network analysis of wildlife tourism microentrepreneurial network

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY RESEARCH, 19(2), 158–169.

Stakeholder priorities for climate adaptation of cultural resources

Presented at the 41st Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Athens, Georgia.

Using Social Network Analysis to Understand Trust, Reciprocity, and Togetherness in Wildlife Tourism Microentrepreneurship

JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY & TOURISM RESEARCH, 43(8), 1176–1198.

Values-focused adaptation planning and decision making

Presented at the 2019 Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center Regional Science Symposium, New Orleans, Louisiana.

A measurement framework to increase transparency in historic preservation decision-making under changing climate conditions

Journal of Cultural Heritage, 30, 168–179.

A tale of two seasons and other predictors of climate-related coping behaviors by outdoor recreationists

Presented at the 40th Southern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Athens, Georgia.

Assessing soundscape preferences and the impact of specific sounds on outdoor recreation activities using qualitative data analysis and immersive virtual environment technology

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 24, 66–73.

Battling the Tides of Climate Change: The Power of Intangible Cultural Resource Values to Bind Place Meanings in Vulnerable Historic Districts

Heritage, 1(2), 220–238.

Bonding and Bridging Forms of Social Capital in Wildlife Tourism Microentrepreneurship: An Application of Social Network Analysis

Sustainability, 10(2), 315.

Cape Lookout National Seashore stakeholder series: Results from a survey of Core Sound Waterfowl Museum & Heritage Center members

Cape Lookout National Seashore stakeholder series: Results from a survey of Core Sound Waterfowl Museum & Heritage Center members (Tourism Extension Fact Sheet Series No. 2017-CALO-004b). Raleigh, NC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, NC State University.

Cape Lookout National Seashore stakeholder series: Results from a survey of Friends of Portsmouth Island members

(Tourism Extension Fact Sheet Series No. 2017-CALO-004a). Raleigh, NC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, NC State University.

Cape Lookout National Seashore stakeholder series: Results from a survey of cultural resource management experts

(Tourism Extension Fact Sheet Series No. 2017-CALO-003). Raleigh, NC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, NC State University.

Cape Lookout National Seashore stakeholder series: Results from a visitor survey

(Tourism Extension Fact Sheet Series No. 2017-CALO-002). Raleigh, NC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, NC State University.

Cape Lookout National Seashore stakeholder series: Results from community member interviews

(Tourism Extension Fact Sheet Series No. 2017-CALO-001). Raleigh, NC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, NC State University.

Coastal hazards and tourism: Exploring Outer Banks visitors’ responses to storm-related impacts

(NC State Extension Publications No. AG-841). https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/coastal-hazards-and-tourism

Establishing project evaluation standards for youth conservation corps’ habitat restoration efforts on U.S. protected lands

Presented at the 24th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, Snowbird, Utah.

Finding agency for climate justice

Presented at the 38th Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA18), Durban, South Africa.

Informing plans for managing resources of Cape Lookout National Seashore under projected climate change, sea level rise, and associated impacts: Partner organizations’ members survey results

(Tourism Extension Report Series No. 2017-CALO-004). http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.20/35225

Intergenerational learning: Are children key in spurring climate action?

Global Environmental Change, 53, 204–208.

Introduction to the special issue on climate change and outdoor recreation: Shifting supply and demand

Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 36(2), IX-.

Is there a social cost to protecting wetlands? Diverse perspectives on ecosystem services

Presented at the 40th Southern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Athens, Georgia.

Making climate adaptation recommendations for historic buildings: Survey results from an application with experts in coastal North Carolina

Presented at the Social Coast Forum, Charleston, South Carolina.

Optimizing planning in vulnerable coastal zones

Presented at the 38th Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA18), Durban, South Africa.

Perspectives on rural coastal resilience in North Carolina: Comparisons between diverse communities

Presented at the Social Coast Forum, Charleston, South Carolina.

Research note: Climate change and the demand for summer tourism on Minnesota's North Shore

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 24, 21–25.

Rural coastal community resilience: Assessing a framework in eastern North Carolina

Ocean & Coastal Management, 162, 137–150.

Sea level rise impacts on rural coastal social-ecological systems and the implications for decision making

Environmental Science & Policy, 90, 122–134.

Shifting tourism demand following storm-related impacts in coastal destinations: Results from a choice experiment with Outer Banks visitors

Presented at the Social Coast Forum, Charleston, South Carolina.

The Influences of Place Meanings and Risk Perceptions on Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for Climate Change Adaptation Planning in a Nature-Based Tourism Destination

The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 36(2), 121–140.

The Role of Forest Setting on Partnership Demand and Engagement Approaches

Forest Science, 64(6), 653–662.

Working together: A guide to collaboration in rural revitalization

(NC State Extension Publications No. AG-849). https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/working-together-a-guide-to-collaboration-in-rural-revitalization

Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review

Climatic Change, 142(1-2), 227–254.

Assessing historical significance and use potential of buildings within historic districts: An overview of a measurement framework developed for Climate Adaptation Planning

(NC State Extension Publications No. AG-832). https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/assessing-historical-significance-and-use-potential-of-buildings#

Decision support for cultural resources climate adaptation planning: Advancing an optimization model piloted at Cape Lookout National Seashore

Presented at the Organized Compass Session Workshop at the 19th George Wright Society (GWS) Conference, Norfolk, Virginia.

Developing standardized protocols for evaluating habitat improvement projects: A collaborative partnership in the U.S

Presented at the 23rd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Umeå, Sweden.

Enhancing transparency of climate adaptation planning for cultural resource management

Presented at the Building the Global Change Community Seminar Series, Department of Interior, Southeast Climate Science Center, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Evaluating a decision analytic approach to climate change adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic Coast of the United States

Land Use Policy, 68, 254–263.

Evaluating diverse trail projects using standardized assessment tools: Conservation Corps example

In S. Weber (Ed.), Connections Across People, Place, and Time: Proceedings of the 2017 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites (pp. 103–108). http://www.georgewright.org/1717mcardle.pdf

Exploring the meaning within the movement: Craft beer from the members’ perspective

Presented at the 39th Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.

Informing Plans for Managing Resources of Cape Lookout National Seashore under Projected Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and Associated Impacts: Community Member Interviews Report

In Tourism Extension Report Series. Raleigh, NC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, NC State University.

Informing plans for managing resources of Cape Lookout National Seashore under projected climate change, sea level rise, and associated impacts: Cultural resource management and historic preservation experts survey results

(Tourism Extension Report Series No. 2017-CALO-003). http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.20/35224

Informing plans for managing resources of Cape Lookout National Seashore under projected climate change, sea level rise, and associated impacts: Visitor survey report

(Tourism Extension Report Series No. 2017-CALO-002). http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.20/35223

Integrating frameworks for evaluating tourism partnerships: An exploration of success within the life cycle of a collaborative ecotourism development effort

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 17, 100–111.

Mixed methods assessment of collaborative natural resources management: Advancing the understanding of partnership structure and function

Presented at the 39th Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.

North shore community climate readiness: Understanding visitor behaviors and responses to climate change programs

(NC State Extension Publications No. AG-834). https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/north-shore-community-climate-readiness

Participatory web GIS technologies in natural resource management networks

Presented at the Participatory Mapping/GIS 2017 Conference, San Luis Obispo, California.

Perceptions of Whooping Cranes among waterfowl hunters in Alabama: using specialization, awareness, knowledge, and attitudes to understand conservation behavior

Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 23(3), 227–241.

Planning for climate change in coastal tourism destinations: The influences of transportation, taxes, beach access and beach width on Outer Banks tourism (North Carolina, USA)

Presented at the International Congress on Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT 2017), Gothenburg, Sweden.

Predicting visitors’ willingness-to-pay for climate change adaptation planning in a nature-based tourism destination

Presented at the 23rd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Umeå, Sweden.

Securing the Future of Cultural Heritage by Identifying Barriers to and Strategizing Solutions for Preservation under Changing Climate Conditions

Sustainability, 9(11), 2143.

Shades of historical significance: A decision analytic process for increasing transparency in cultural heritage climate adaptation planning

Presented at the 23rd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Umeå, Sweden.

Stakeholder sentiments about adaptation strategies for historic buildings at Cape Lookout National Seashore

In S. Weber (Ed.), Connections Across People, Place, and Time: Proceedings of the 2017 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites (pp. 123–129). http://www.georgewright.org/1720seekamp.pdf

Substitution of the Banks: Will Outer Banks visitors stay in North Carolina under climate change?

Presented at the 39th Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.

Using social media data to identify valued recreational resources and inform climate change adaptation planning

Presented at the 19th George Wright Society (GWS) Conference, Norfolk, Virginia.

Voices from the edge: Place connections and perceptions of vulnerable cultural resources at Cape Lookout National Seashore

Presented at the 39th Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.

A multi-disciplinary approach to resilience and adaptation in rural coastal socio-ecological systems in the southeastern United States

Presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

Adaptive capacity in aging rural coastal communities: Is there a place for entrepreneurship?

Presented at the 38th Annual Southeastern Recreation Research Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.

Application of structured decision making to climate adaptation planning of coastal cultural resources: The case of Cape Lookout National Seashore

Presented at the 2016 NOAA Social Coast Forum, Charleston, South Carolina.

Assessing the efficacy of community-based natural resource management planning with a multi-watershed approach

Biological Conservation, 201, 120–128.

Bonding and bridging social capital among wildlife tourism microentrepreneurs: An application of Social Network Analysis

Presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

Climate readiness on Lake Superior’s North Shore: Perspectives on preserving place in changing climate

Presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

Effects of Outreach on the Prevention of Aquatic Invasive Species Spread among Organism-in-Trade Hobbyists

Environmental Management, 58(5), 797–809.

Evaluating youth conservation corps trail improvement projects: Sampling and data collection protocols

Poster presented at the Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreation and Protected Areas (MMV8) Conference, NoviSad, Serbia.

Exploring the efficacy of an aquatic invasive species prevention campaign among water recreationists

Biological Invasions, 18(6), 1745–1758.

History under high tides: Community members’ perceptions of threatened cultural resources at Cape Lookout National Seashore

Presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

Lessons learned from an application of PGIS to integrate stakeholders into climate risk assessment

Presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

Moving toward optimal climate change adaptation? Structured decision making approach for coastal cultural resource preservation

Presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

North Shore Climate Readiness Workshop: Visitor Sensitivity

[Fact sheet]. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota.

Outdoor Recreation and Climate Change: Shifting Supply and Demand

Coordinated session presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

Parameterizing agent based models of contingent trip-taking behavior with on-site survey data

Presented at the 22nd International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM), Houghton, Michigan.

Political ideologies and the objective measurement of climate-related risks to coastal resources

Journal of Coastal Conservation, 20(5), 409–422.

Rural coastal communities: A unique case of resilience versus risk

Presented at the 2016 NOAA Social Coast Forum, Charleston, South Carolina.

Rural coastal community resilience: Adapting to rising seas and salinization on the Albemarle Pamlico Peninsula

Presented at the 2016 Carolinas Climate Resilience Conference, Charlotte, North Carolina.

Shifting demand for winter outdoor recreation along the North Shore of Lake Superior under variable rates of climate change: A finite-mixture modeling approach

Ecological Economics, 123, 1–13.

Shifting with the tides: Adaptive reuse of coastal historic structures

Poster presented at the 38th Annual Southeastern Recreation Research Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.