@article{hurley-sanders_harms_christiansen_clarke_law_2015, title={Exuberant granulation tissue response associated with Neobenedenia sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae) infestation in two cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus)}, volume={39}, ISSN={0140-7775}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12360}, DOI={10.1111/jfd.12360}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Fish Diseases}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hurley-Sanders, J and Harms, C and Christiansen, E and Clarke, E, III and Law, J}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={277–283} }
 @article{harms_mclellan_moore_barco_clarke_thayer_rowles_2014, title={Low residue euthanasia of stranded mysticetes}, volume={50}, ISSN={0090-3558}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-074}, DOI={10.7589/2013-03-074}, abstractNote={Abstract Euthanasia of stranded large whales poses logistic, safety, pharmaceutical, delivery, public relations, and disposal challenges. Reasonable arguments may be made for allowing a stranded whale to expire naturally. However, slow cardiovascular collapse from gravitational effects outside of neutral buoyancy, often combined with severely debilitating conditions, motivate humane efforts to end the animal's suffering. The size of the animal and prevailing environmental conditions often pose safety concerns for stranding personnel, which take priority over other considerations. When considering chemical euthanasia, the size of the animal also necessitates large quantities of euthanasia agents. Drug residues are a concern for relay toxicity to scavengers, particularly for pentobarbital-containing euthanasia solutions. Pentobarbital is also an environmental concern because of its stability and long persistence in aquatic environments. We describe a euthanasia technique for stranded mysticetes using readily available, relatively inexpensive, preanesthetic and anesthetic drugs (midazolam, acepromazine, xylazine) followed by saturated KCl delivered via custom-made needles and a low-cost, basic, pressurized canister. This method provides effective euthanasia while moderating personnel exposure to hazardous situations and minimizing drug residues of concern for relay toxicity.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, publisher={Wildlife Disease Association}, author={Harms, Craig A. and McLellan, William A. and Moore, Michael J. and Barco, Susan G. and Clarke, Elsburgh O., III and Thayer, Victoria G. and Rowles, Teresa K.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={63–73} }
 @article{clarke_harms_law_flowers_williams_ring_mcginty_hopper_sullivan_2012, title={Clinical and Pathological Effects of the Polyopisthocotylean Monogenean, Gamacallum macroura in White Bass}, volume={24}, ISSN={["0899-7659"]}, DOI={10.1080/08997659.2012.713889}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH}, author={Clarke, Elsburgh O., III and Harms, Craig A. and Law, J. McHugh and Flowers, James R. and Williams, Valerie N. and Ring, Brad D. and McGinty, Andrew S. and Hopper, Michael and Sullivan, Craig V.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={251–257} }
 @article{minter_clarke_gjeltema_archibald_posner_lewbart_2011, title={EFFECTS OF INTRAMUSCULAR MELOXICAM ADMINISTRATION ON PROSTAGLANDIN E2 SYNTHESIS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN BULLFROG (RANA CATESBEIANA)}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2011-0126.1}, abstractNote={Abstract:  Meloxicam is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in veterinary medicine, but its use in amphibians has not been reported in the literature. NSAIDs are known to act by providing anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the intramuscular administration of meloxicam would decrease the circulating serum PGE2 levels in the North American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) following tissue trauma induced by a punch biopsy. Eighteen adult North American bullfrogs were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg i.m.) and control (0.9% saline i.m.). Blood was obtained via cardiocentesis immediately prior to administration of the two treatment regimes and serum was frozen. A 4-mm punch biopsy was taken from the right triceps femoris muscle to induce an inflammatory response. Twenty-four hours later, a second blood sample was collected and serum was harvested and frozen. Serum PGE2 concentrations were measured using a commercial PGE2 enzyme assay (EIA) kit. Twenty-four hours following the biopsy, the mean circulating PGE2 levels of animals treated with meloxicam was 57.79 ± 12.35 pg/ml, which did not differ significantly from animals that were treated with saline (85.63 ± 17.55 pg/ml, P ≥ 0.05). The calculated means of the absolute change between the circulating baseline PGE2 levels and the postinjury circulating PGE2 levels were significantly lower in animals treated with meloxicam (13.11 ± 17.31 pg/ml) than in control animals treated with saline (46.14 ± 38.02 pg/ml) (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that the systemic administration of meloxicam at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg once daily suppresses circulating serum PGE2 levels postinjury in the North American bullfrog.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Minter, Larry J. and Clarke, Elsburgh O. and Gjeltema, Jenessa L. and Archibald, Kate E. and Posner, Lysa P. and Lewbart, Gregory A.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={680–685} }
 @article{clarke_devoe_2011, title={OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY OF THREE VAMPIRE BATS (DESMODUS ROTUNDUS)}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/2011-0026.1}, abstractNote={Abstract: Three sexually mature female common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) housed at the North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, North Carolina, were selected for surgical ovariohysterectomy. All animals were induced and maintained with isoflurane anesthetic gas. Magnification loop glasses were worn by the surgeon for the procedure. A ventral midline incision was made into the abdominal cavity. Simple micro-ophthalmic surgical packs along with hemoclips were used to perform the ovariohysterectomies. The linea alba and muscular layers were closed using a simple continuous suture pattern with 4-0 polydioxanone suture. The skin was apposed using a horizontal mattress suture pattern with 4-0 polydioxanone suture. Animals recovered with minimal deleterious side effects. Animals were housed together in a recovery chamber and administered meloxicam at 0.2 mg/kg placed in their blood meal once daily for 7 days postoperatively, after which they were returned to their normal enclosures.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Clarke, Elsburgh O., III and DeVoe, Ryan S.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={755–758} }
 @article{mccain_flatland_schumacher_clarke_fry_2010, title={Comparison of chemistry analytes between 2 portable, commercially available analyzers and a conventional laboratory analyzer in reptiles}, volume={39}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Clinical Pathology}, author={McCain, S. L. and Flatland, B. and Schumacher, J. P. and Clarke, E. O. and Fry, M. M.}, year={2010}, pages={474–479} }
 @article{anderson_stoskopf_morris_clarke_harms_2010, title={Hematology, Plasma Biochemistry, and Tissue Enzyme Activities of Invasive Red Lionfish Captured off North Carolina, USA}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1548-8667"]}, DOI={10.1577/h10-029.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH}, author={Anderson, E. T. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Morris, J. A., Jr. and Clarke, E. O. and Harms, C. A.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={266–273} }