@article{ali_joseph_alfaro-wisaquillo_quintana-ospina_patino_vu_dean_fallen_mian_taliercio_et al._2024, title={Effects of high oleic full-fat soybean meal on broiler live performance, carcass and parts yield, and fatty acid composition of breast fillets}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2023.103399}, abstractNote={The effects of high oleic oil full-fat (HO-FF) soybean meal (SBM) on broiler meat quality could lead to value-added food products. This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary normal oleic extruded expelled (NO-EE), normal oleic full-fat (NO-FF), or HO-FF SBM on live performance, carcass and parts yield, and breast fatty acid composition. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. A total of 540 Ross-708 male broilers were raised on floor pens with 18 broilers/pen and ten replicates/treatment. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. Chickens were fed with a starter (0 – 14 d), grower (15 – 35 d), or a finisher diet (36 – 47 d) up to 47 d. Chickens were weighed at 7, 14, 35, and 47 d. At 48 d, four broilers per pen were processed. Breast samples were collected and evaluated for quality and fatty acid content. Broilers fed diets with NO-EE were heavier (P < 0.05) than chickens fed diets with full-fat SBM (NO-FF and HO-FF) at d 7, 14, 35 while feed conversion ratio (FCR) of NO-EE was best (P < 0.05) at 7 d and 47 d. Carcass yield was also higher for broilers fed NO-EE than the other treatments. Diet did not affect parts yield, breast meat color, cooking, drip loss, white stripping, or SM quality parameters. More breast fillets without wooden breast (score 1) were observed (P < 0.05) for NO-FF than the other two treatments. The breast meat fatty acid profile (g fatty acid/ 100 g of all fatty acids) was significantly affected (P < 0.001) by diet. Broilers fed the HO-FF SBM diet had 54 to 86% more oleic acid, 72.5% to 2.2 times less linoleic acid, and reduced stearic and palmitic acid levels in the breast meat than NO-FF and NO-EE. In conclusion, feeding HO-FF to broilers enriched the oleic acid content of their breast meat while reducing the saturated fatty acid content relative to the NO-FF and NO-EE treatment groups.}, number={3}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Ali, Muhammad and Joseph, Michael and Alfaro-Wisaquillo, Maria Camila and Quintana-Ospina, Gustavo Adolfo and Patino, Danny and Vu, Thien and Dean, Lisa L. and Fallen, Ben and Mian, Rouf and Taliercio, Earl and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{rodriguez-hernandez_rondon-barragan_oviedo-rondon_2024, title={Egg Quality, Yolk Fatty Acid Profiles from Laying Hens Housed in Conventional Cage and Cage-Free Production Systems in the Andean Tropics}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, DOI={10.3390/ani14010168}, abstractNote={Egg consumers worldwide have increased their concerns about laying hens’ welfare and its impact on final egg product quality. This study compared the egg quality parameters under the conventional cage (CC) and cage-free (CF) egg production systems in the tropics. The study was conducted on a commercial farm in Colombia using Hy-Line Brown pullets, reared under the same conditions for the first 15 wks. At 16 wks, the hens were distributed into two housing systems, CC and CF, on the same farm. The hens were fed the same diet for each phase in both systems and feed intake varied slightly. Egg samples were collected every six wks, from 22 to 82 wks of age. A total of 3960 eggs were analyzed at 11 sampling times. Parameters such as albumen height, egg weight, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, and Haugh units were determined using a DET-6000 machine. At 22 and 82 wks, screening for Salmonella spp. status was conducted using environmental and egg samples. Additionally, at 34, 64, and 82 wks, yolk samples were obtained for fatty acid profiles and crude protein (CP) analysis. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized block design with repeated measures (11 times): mean separation by Student’s t-test yolk pigmentation, Haugh Units, and albumen height (p < 0.001) were higher in the CF compared with the CC between 38 and 69 wks of age, and eggs at 63 and 82 wks (p < 0.05) were heavier in the CF compared to the CC. Likewise, eggs from the CC had better eggshell strength from 57 to 82 wks. In the egg yolk fatty acid profile at the 34th wk, the pentadecanoic, palmitic, and heptadecanoic acids had higher concentrations in the CF systems than the CC. At the 64th wk, the egg yolk fatty acids—lauric, myristic, and heptadecanoic—had higher concentrations in the CF; likewise, at the 82nd wk, egg yolks from the CC had higher concentrations of lauric, heptadecanoic, and nervonic fatty acids than the CF. The eggs and environmental samples were negative for Salmonella spp. throughout the whole production phase. These results indicated that the production system might impact internal and external egg quality measures, potentially due to various stressors, including environmental factors or behavior restrictions.}, number={1}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Rodriguez-Hernandez, Roy and Rondon-Barragan, Iang Schroniltgen and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{ali_joseph_alfaro-wisaquillo_quintana-ospina_penuela-sierra_patino_vu_mian_toomer_oviedo-rondon_2024, title={Influence of extruded soybean meal with varying fat and oleic acid content on nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy in broilers}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2023.103408}, abstractNote={High oleic (HO) soybeans may serve as a value-added feed ingredient; providing amino acids and estimating their dietary energy value for broilers is essential. In this study, we determined the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected for zero nitrogen retention (AMEn), digestibility, and nitrogen (N) retention of HO full-fat (HO-FF) soybean as compared to solvent-extracted soybean meal (SE-SBM), normal oleic full-fat (NO-FF) and extruded expeller (NO-EE) soybean. A total of 240 Ross-708 male broilers were selected, with eight replicates per treatment and six chicks per cage. The AME and AMEn were estimated using the difference method with a 30% inclusion of test ingredients using a corn-soy reference diet with partial and total excreta collection. The index method with partial excreta collection used titanium dioxide as an inert marker. The same starter diet was provided for all birds for 14 days, followed by the reference and assay diets for the next six adaptation days. Total excreta was collected twice a day for three days. The AME and AMEn values determined for the HO-FF and NO-FF were higher (P < 0.001) than the NO-EE and SE-SBM. The AME of SE-SBM and NO-EE were similar with both methods, but the AMEn of SE-SBM was lower than the NO-EE only with the partial collection method. The agreement between AME and AMEn values determined by partial and total excreta collection analysis was 98%. Data from the total excreta collection method yielded higher AME and AMEn values (P < 0.001) than those from the partial collection method. In summary, HO-FF and NO-FF soybean meals had similar AME and AMEn values. The HO-FF soybean had 39 and 24% higher AME and AMEn than SE-SBM. Hence, high oleic full-fat soybean meal could serve as a valuable alternative feed ingredient to conventional SE-SBM meals in broiler diets, providing additional energy while providing amino acids and more oleic acid to enrich poultry meat products.}, number={3}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Ali, Muhammad and Joseph, Michael and Alfaro-Wisaquillo, Maria Camila and Quintana-Ospina, Gustavo Adolfo and Penuela-Sierra, Lina -Maria and Patino, Danny and Vu, Thien and Mian, Rouf and Toomer, Ondula and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar Orlando}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{cabanas-ojeda_mejia-abaunza_lozano-cruz_aragao-netto_brown_rubio_fahrenholz_oviedo-rondon_2023, title={Corn kernel hardness and drying temperature affect particle size post-hammer-milling and pellet quality in broiler and swine diets}, volume={304}, ISSN={["1873-2216"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115744}, abstractNote={The particle size (PS) of ground corn affects the live performance, nutrient digestibility, energy utilization, and gut health of poultry and swine. Endosperm hardness influences kernel breakability. The interactive effects of corn moisture content at harvest and drying temperature (DT) can also affect starch-protein matrix structure, breakage susceptibility, and pellet durability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drying temperature (35 or 120 °C) in two yellow-dent corn hybrids with different kernel hardness (average and hard) on the geometric mean diameter (dgw) and standard deviation by weight (Sgw) when hammermilled, and pellet quality. Four different settings combinations of tip speeds (4213, 3862, 3335, and 2458 m/min) and screen of 8/64", 3.18 mm (8 −8); 20/64", 7.94 mm (20 −20); 24/64", 9.53 mm (24 −24); and 24/64", 9.53 mm (24 −24) respectively were used to target four dgw (400, 700, 925, and 1250 µm). After grinding, the 400 and 700 µm corn were included in broiler and sow diets to assess the impact of these treatments on the pellet durability index (PDI). Grinding and pelleting data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of two corn varieties (CV) and two DT in a randomized complete block design with blocks by grinding or pelleting event. The average hardness CV generally had the lowest dgw. The hard CV had the biggest dgw when kernels were dried at 35 °C, and the tip speed setting was 3335 m/min. Drying at 120 °C increased dgw for the average hardness CV when the target PS were 700, 925, and 1250 µm, but caused no increase in dgw at the lowest target PS. In contrast, the dgw of hard CV was not affected by DT when ground to target 700 and 1250 µm and increased at 400 µm with the high DT. The average hardness CV had higher Sgw, especially when dried at 35 °C. Higher particle uniformity (lower Sgw) was observed with hard CV. Diets containing the hard CV presented better PDI than diets with the average CV. Better broiler feed PDI was observed with corn dried at 120 °C than at 35 °C. However, this effect was the opposite when grinding at a lower PS target for sow gestation diets. The PS distribution and damaged starch of corn affected PDI. Higher corn DT affected dgw and Sgw differently depending on CV and improved PDI in broiler diets, while 35 °C DT improved PDI in sow diets.}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cabanas-Ojeda, Joaquin A. and Mejia-Abaunza, Nicolas J. J. and Lozano-Cruz, Paula A. and Aragao-Netto, Valmiro and Brown, Sam and Rubio, Andrea and Fahrenholz, Adam and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @misc{toomer_oviedo_ali_patino_joseph_frinsko_vu_maharjan_fallen_mian_2023, title={Current Agronomic Practices, Harvest & Post-Harvest Processing of Soybeans (Glycine max)-A Review}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy13020427}, abstractNote={Globally, soybeans are grown to meet the needs for animal and human nutrition, oil extraction, and use in multiple industrial applications. Decades of soybean research, innovative farming methods, and the use of higher yielding resistant seed varieties have led to increased crop yields. Globally, soybean producers have utilized enhanced processing methods to produce nutritious high-quality meal and extracted oil for use in animal feed and within the food industry. Soybeans contain highly digestible proteins and are processed using various mechanical and chemical techniques to produce high quality animal feed ingredients. Defatted soybean meal (DSM) is usually prepared by the solvent extraction process of soybeans, whereby almost all oil content is removed. When oil is not extracted, full-fat soybean meal (FFSBM) is created. This form provides an excellent source of dietary energy by retaining the lipid component and is very useful in animal feeds by reducing the need for adding exogeneous lipids. However, some anti-nutritional factors (ANF) are present in FFSBM if not properly heat treated before inclusion in the finished feed. These ANF adversely affect the internal organ function and overall growth performance of the animal. Among these ANF, protease inhibitors are most important, but can be readily destroyed with optimal thermal processing. However, if the process protocols are not followed precisely, excessive heat treatment may occur, resulting in both reduced protein quality and amino acid bioavailability in the meal. Conversely, insufficient heat treatment may result in the retention of some ANF in the meal. Thermally resistant ANF can be greatly reduced in the bean and meal when dietary enzyme supplementation is included in the finished feed. This approach is cost-effective and most commonly utilized commercially. After processing, the soybean meal quality is often measured using in vitro methods performed at commercial analytical laboratories to assess the nitrogen solubility index (NSI), protein dispersibility index (PDI), urease activity (UA), and protein solubility in potassium hydroxide. Once properly processed, FFSBM or DSM can be utilized optimally in the diets of poultry and aquaculture to enhance the economic viability, animal nutrition, production performance, and the quality and nutritional value of the meat and/or eggs produced.}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, author={Toomer, Ondulla T. and Oviedo, Edgar O. and Ali, Muhammad and Patino, Danny and Joseph, Michael and Frinsko, Mike and Vu, Thien and Maharjan, Pramir and Fallen, Ben and Mian, Rouf}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{quintana-ospina_alfaro-wisaquillo_oviedo-rondon_ruiz-ramirez_bernal-arango_martinez-bernal_2023, title={Data Analytics of Broiler Growth Dynamics and Feed Conversion Ratio of Broilers Raised to 35 d under Commercial Tropical Conditions}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, DOI={10.3390/ani13152447}, abstractNote={Data collection is standard in commercial broiler production; however, growth modeling is still a challenge since this data often lacks an inflection point. This study evaluated body weight (BW) dynamics, feed intake, BW gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality of broiler flocks reared under commercial tropical conditions with controlled feeding to optimize FCR. The data analyzed included performance records of 1347 male and 1353 female Ross 308 AP broiler flocks with a total of 95.4 million chickens housed from 2018 to 2020. Decision trees determined high- and low-feed-efficiency groups using FCR at 35 d. Logistic, Gompertz–Laird, and von Bertalanffy growth models were fitted with weekly BW data for each flock within performance groups. The logistic model indicated more accurate estimates with biological meaning. The high-efficiency males and females (p < 0.001) were offered less feed than the low-efficiency group and were consistently more efficient. In conclusion, greater feeding control between the second and the fourth week of age, followed by higher feed allowance during the last week, was associated with better feed efficiency at 35 d in males and females. Additionally, models demonstrated that a reduced growth rate resulted in heavier chickens at 35 d with better feed efficiency and greater BW gain.}, number={15}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Quintana-Ospina, Gustavo A. and Alfaro-Wisaquillo, Maria C. and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Ruiz-Ramirez, Juan R. and Bernal-Arango, Luis C. and Martinez-Bernal, Gustavo D.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_toscan_fagundes_vidal_barbi_thiery_2023, title={Data Analytics of a Global Nirs Database of Corn Nutrient Content}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.610}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Toscan, Adriana and Fagundes, Naiara S. and Vidal, Juliano K. and Barbi, Jose and Thiery, Pascal}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={517–518} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_toscan_fagundes_vidal_barbi_thiery_2023, title={Data Analytics of a Global Nirs Database of Soybean Meal Nutrient Content}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.609}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Toscan, Adriana and Fagundes, Naiara S. and Vidal, Juliano K. and Barbi, Jose and Thiery, Pascal}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={516–517} }
 @article{yalcin_oviedo-rondon_2023, title={Editorial: Avian incubation conditions: Role in embryo development, physiology and adaptation to the post-hatch environment}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1664-042X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fphys.2023.1130982}, abstractNote={This Research Topic on Avian Incubation Conditions is an inclusive treatise discussing the impact of several environmental factors during egg storage and in the incubators that may affect avian embryo and post-hatch development, physiology, metabolism, and growth. The objective of this project was to gather current relevant research on this topic, detect areas lacking knowledge or understanding, and propose methods of study to advance on embryology and avian incubation techniques. The impact of egg storage conditions, incubation temperature, hypoxia, moisture, and light, among other factors, were reviewed in this Research Topic. Embryo developmental and long-lasting effects of these factors were systematically revised. A total of 12 manuscripts were accepted for publication: 7 original research contributions; 3 reviews; one mini-review; and one paper related to methods. Three papers presented recent findings related to egg storage effects on egg quality and embryo development. Egg storage is a common and necessary practice in poultry production to synchronize hatch, meet and regulate hatchling demands, and coordinate activities in the hatchery. However, prolonged storage and conditions during this period may significantly impact embryo survival, development, hatchability, and even life post-hatch. Minimizing these harmful effects has been a frequent Research Topic in avian incubation. Pokhrel et al. elucidated the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the better recovery of embryos during storage when eggs were exposed to 12°C rather than higher temperatures (18°C). These temperature-dependentmechanisms are related to the embryo’s transition from blastulation to gastrulation. Studying the sequential effects of egg storage on egg quality and embryo development on the same eggs is challenging since most methods to evaluate egg quality are destructive. Adriaensen et al. used non-invasive tools such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in a study to evaluate the effects of egg storage duration on egg quality and embryo OPEN ACCESS}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Yalcin, Servet and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{quintana-ospina_alfaro-wisaquillo_oviedo-rondon_ruiz-ramirez_bernal-arango_martinez-bernal_2023, title={Effect of Environmental and Farm-Associated Factors on Live Performance Parameters of Broilers Raised under Commercial Tropical Conditions}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, DOI={10.3390/ani13213312}, abstractNote={Although temperature, relative humidity, and farm-associated factors are known to affect broiler live performance, data about the impact of these variables under commercial operations are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature, relative humidity, a thermal humidity index, management, and farm-associated factors on BW, BW gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality of broilers raised to 35 d under commercial tropical conditions. The data analyzed included performance records of Ross 308 AP broiler flocks placed between 2018 and 2020. Environmental monitoring information was obtained from electronic sensors that captured data hourly from 80 flocks in 29 farms. Farm-associated factors were gathered using a survey of 86 farms. Three data analyses were conducted in parallel. Correlation analyses, one-way ANOVA, and machine learning techniques were employed. Results indicated that BW and BW gain were reduced, and FCR worsened (p < 0.001) up to 21 d when chickens were mainly exposed to temperatures 2.5 °C lower than the recommended optimums for each age period. At the same time, mortality at 28 and 35 d increased. In conclusion, all farm-associated factors affected chicken live performance. Variable importance analysis indicated that performance results at 14 and 21 d were significant to predict BW at 35. At the same time, sex, distance between the hatchery and farm, and farm altitude accounted for the most significant contributions from the farm-associated factors.}, number={21}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Quintana-Ospina, Gustavo A. and Alfaro-Wisaquillo, Maria C. and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Ruiz-Ramirez, Juan R. and Bernal-Arango, Luis C. and Martinez-Bernal, Gustavo D.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{espinosa_cabanas-ojeda_oviedo-rondon_stein_2023, title={Effects of corn hardness and drying temperature on digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to growing pigs}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad124}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Espinosa, Charmaine D. and Cabanas-Ojeda, Joaquin and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Stein, Hans H.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_2023, title={Overview of Poultry Modeling Evolution}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.090}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={73–74} }
 @article{espinosa_cabanas-ojeda_oviedo-rondon_stein_2023, title={PSIII-5 Endosperm Hardness in Corn Affects the Digestibility of Energy and Fiber, and Increased Drying Temperature Reduces Amino Acid Digestibility}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad341.340}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Espinosa, Charmaine D. and Cabanas-Ojeda, Joaquin and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar and Stein, Hans H.}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={299–300} }
 @article{ali_joseph_alfaro-wisaquillo_quintana-ospina_patino_penuela-sierra_vu_mian_taliercio_toomer_et al._2023, title={Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of high-oleic full-fat soybean meal in broilers}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2023.103152}, abstractNote={High-oleic (HO) soybean may serve as a value-added feed ingredient to enrich poultry meat due to its fatty acid content. However, the amino acid (AA) nutrient digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) made from these soybeans has yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine apparent ileal AA digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal AA digestibility (SID) of high-oleic full-fat (HO-FF) SBM compared to normal oleic full-fat (NO-FF), normal oleic extruded expeller (NO-EE), and solvent-extracted SBM (SE-SBM) in broilers. A nitrogen-free basal diet (NFD) was fed to 1 treatment group with 10 chicks/cage to determine basal endogenous losses (BEL). Titanium dioxide was used as an inert marker. The test diets contained 57.5% of the basal NFD and 42.5% of 1 of the 4 soybean sources. A total of 272 Ross-708 male broilers were placed in 40 battery cages with 5 treatments and 8 replicates per treatment. A common starter diet was provided to all the chickens for 14 d. Experimental diets were provided as a mash for 9 d before sample collection. Chickens were euthanized with CO2 on d 23, and contents of the distal ileum were collected, frozen, and freeze-dried. The BEL were similar to the values found in the literature. At d 23, broilers fed the SE-SBM had the highest body weight gain and best FCR compared to chickens fed the HO-FF and NO-FF treatments (P < 0.001). Broilers fed the SE-SBM and NO-EE experimental diets had (P < 0.001) higher apparent ileal AA digestibility and AA SID than broilers fed the HO-FF and NO-FF treatments. In conclusion, the SID of AA from HO-FF is similar to the digestibilities of other full-fat soybeans found in the literature and is lower than that of NO-EE and SE-SBM.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Ali, Muhammad and Joseph, Michael and Alfaro-Wisaquillo, Maria Camila and Quintana-Ospina, Gustavo Adolfo and Patino, Danny and Penuela-Sierra, Lina-Maria and Vu, Thien and Mian, Rouf and Taliercio, Earl and Toomer, Ondulla and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{akter_cheng_west_liu_qian_zou_classen_cordova_oviedo_wang-li_2022, title={Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments under Summer Condition: Part I—Heavy Broiler’s Surface Temperature Response}, volume={12}, ISSN={2076-2615}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030328}, DOI={10.3390/ani12030328}, abstractNote={Heavy broilers exposed to hot summer conditions experience fluctuations in surface temperatures due to heat stress, which leads to decreased performance. Maintaining a bird’s homeostasis depends on several environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity). It is important to understand the responses of birds to environmental factors and the amount of heat loss to the surrounding environment to create thermal comfort for the heavy broilers for improved performances and welfare. This study investigates the variation in surface temperatures of heavy broilers under high and low air velocity treatments. Daytime, age and bird location’s effect on the surface temperature variation was also examined. The experiment was carried out in the poultry engineering laboratory of North Carolina State University during summers of 2017, 2018, and 2019 as a part of a comprehensive study on the effectiveness of wind chill application to mitigate heat stress on heavy broilers. This live broiler heat stress experiment was conducted under two dynamic air velocity treatments (high and low) with three chambers per treatment and 44 birds per chamber. Surface temperatures of the birds were recorded periodically through the experimental treatment cycles (flocks, 35–61 d) with infrared thermography in the morning, noon, evening, and nighttime. The overall mean surface temperature of the broilers under two treatments was found to be 35.89 ± 2.37 °C. The variation in surface temperature happened due to air temperature, thermal index, air velocity, bird’s age, daytime, and position of birds inside the experimental chambers. The surface temperatures were found lower under high air velocity treatment and higher under low air velocity treatment. During the afternoon time, the broilers’ surface temperatures were higher than other times of the day. It was also found that the birds’ surface temperature increased with age and temperature humidity indices. Based upon the experimental data of five flocks, a simple linear regression model was developed to predict surface temperature from the birds’ age, thermal indices, and air velocity. It will help assess heavy broilers’ thermal comfort under heat stress, which is essential to provide a comfortable environment for them.}, number={3}, journal={Animals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Akter, Suraiya and Cheng, Bin and West, Derek and Liu, Yingying and Qian, Yan and Zou, Xiuguo and Classen, John and Cordova, Hernan and Oviedo, Edgar and Wang-Li, Lingjuan}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={328} }
 @article{akter_liu_cheng_classen_oviedo_harris_wang-li_2022, title={Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments under Summer Conditions: Part II—Heavy Broiler’s Behavioral Response}, volume={12}, ISSN={2076-2615}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091050}, DOI={10.3390/ani12091050}, abstractNote={Broiler chickens exposed to heat stress adapt to various behavioral changes to regulate their comfortable body temperature, which is critical to ensure their performance and welfare. Hence, assessing various behavioral responses in birds when they are subjected to environmental changes can be essential for assessing their welfare under heat-stressed conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two air velocity (AV) treatments on heavy broilers’ behavioral changes from 43 to 54 days under summer conditions. Two AV treatments (high and low) were applied in six poultry growth chambers with three chambers per treatment and 44 COBB broilers per chamber from 28 to 61 days in the summer of 2019. Three video cameras placed inside each chamber (2.44 m × 2.44 m × 2.44 m in dimension) were used to record the behavior of different undisturbed birds, such as feeding, drinking, resting, standing, walking, panting, etc. The results indicate that the number of chickens feeding, drinking, standing, walking, sitting, wing flapping, and leg stretching changed under AV treatments. High AV increased the number of chickens feeding, standing, and walking. Moreover, a two-way interaction with age and the time of day can affect drinking and panting. This study provides insights into heavy broilers’ behavioral changes under heat-stressed conditions and AV treatments, which will help guide management practices to improve birds’ performance and welfare under commercial conditions in the future.}, number={9}, journal={Animals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Akter, Suraiya and Liu, Yingying and Cheng, Bin and Classen, John and Oviedo, Edgar and Harris, Dan and Wang-Li, Lingjuan}, year={2022}, month={Apr}, pages={1050} }
 @article{shah_earnest_oviedo-rondon_kolar_singletary_2022, title={SIMULTANEOUS REDUCTION OF THERMAL STRATIFICATION AND AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN POULTRY HOUSE DURING BROODING AND IN COOL WEATHER}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1943-7838"]}, DOI={10.13031/aea.14862}, abstractNote={Highlights}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE}, author={Shah, Sanjay B. and Earnest, Kathleen and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Kolar, Praveen and Singletary, Isaac}, year={2022}, pages={375–386} }
 @article{cordova-noboa_oviedo-rondon_matta_ortiz_buitrago_martinez_yanquen_hoyos_castellanos_sorbara_2021, title={Corn kernel hardness, drying temperature and amylase supplementation affect live performance and nutrient utilization of broilers}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2021.101395}, abstractNote={Drying temperature (DT) of corn can influence its nutritional quality, but whether this is influenced by endosperm hardness is not clear. Two parallel experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of 2 yellow dent corn hybrids with average and hard kernel hardness, dried at 3 temperatures (35, 80, and 120°C), and 2 supplementation levels of an exogenous amylase (0, 133 g/ton of feed) on live performance, starch and protein digestibility, and energy utilization of Ross 708 male broilers. Twelve dietary treatments consisting of a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement were evaluated using 3-way ANOVA in a randomized complete block design. In Experiment 1, a total of 1,920 male-chicks were randomly allocated to 96 floor pens, whereas 480 day-old chicks were distributed among 96 cages for Experiment 2. At 40 d, interaction effects (P < 0.05) were detected on BWG, FCR, and flock uniformity. Supplementation with exogenous amylase resulted in heavier broilers, better FCR and flock uniformity, only in the diets based on corn dried at 35°C. Additionally, interaction effects were observed on FCR due to kernel hardness and DT (P < 0.01), kernel hardness and amylase supplementation (P < 0.001), and DT and amylase supplementation (P < 0.05). Exogenous amylase addition to the diets based on corn with an average hardness improved FCR up to 2 points (1.49 vs. 1.51 g:g) whereas there was no effect of amylase on FCR of broilers fed diets based on corn with hard endosperm. Total tract retention of starch was increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed diets based on corn with average kernel hardness compared to hard kernel. Corn dried at 80 and 120°C had up to 1.21% points less starch total tract retention than the one dried at 35°C. Supplementing alpha-amylase resulted in beneficial effects for broiler live performance, energy utilization, and starch total tract digestibility results. Treatment effects on starch characteristics were explored. Corn endosperm hardness, DT and exogenous amylase can influence the live performance of broilers. However, these factors are not independent and so must be manipulated strategically to improve broiler performance.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Cordova-Noboa, Hernan A. and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Matta, Yilmar and Ortiz, Andres and Buitrago, Gherly D. and Martinez, Juan D. and Yanquen, Jose and Hoyos, Sebastian and Castellanos, Angie Lorena and Sorbara, Jose O. B.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{alfaro-wisaquillo_oviedo-rondon_cordova-noboa_v. caldas_quintana-ospina_ospina-rojas_san martin_2021, title={Effects of amino acid levels during rearing on Cobb 500 slow-feathering broiler breeders: 1. Growth and development}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2021.101327}, abstractNote={Adequate pullet nutrition is essential to reach BW and suitable body composition for reproduction. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of 4 dietary amino acid (AA) levels on BW, flock uniformity, body conformation, organ, leg, and feathering development of broiler breeder pullets during the rearing phase from 5 to 24 wk. A total of 1,360 Cobb-500 slow-feathering (SF) pullets were randomly placed in 16-floor pens with 85 females per pen. Diets with corn, soybean meal, and wheat-midds were formulated without protein restriction maintaining minimum ratios between essential AA and Lys on a digestible (dig) ideal basis. Treatments consisted of 4 dietary AA levels with 80% (low-AA), 90% (moderate-AA), 100% (standard-AA), and 110% (high-AA) of the Cobb-Vantress recommendations guided by dig Lys using balanced protein. Up to 4 wk, all pullets were fed a common starter crumble diet. Grower and developer mash diets were fed to pullets from 5 to 15 wk and from 16 to 24 wk, respectively. Pullets fed standard-AA and high-AA diets were heavier (P < 0.001) than those fed low-AA diets at 10, 15, and 20 wk of age. High-AA diets resulted in better (P = 0.040) flock uniformity at 10 wk. Pullets fed a high-AA diet had the highest (P = 0.041) relative breast weight at 20 wk of age and the lowest (P = 0.044) deposits of abdominal fat at 15 wk of age. Fleshing increased (P < 0.05) as AA content rise in the diet, while the relative shank length (P < 0.001) and the number of wing juvenile feathers (P = 0.004) decreased. Pullets fed the lowest dietary AA level had the longest (P = 0.007) small intestine relative to BW at 10 wk of age, but a smaller (P = 0.001) liver than those fed moderate and standard-AA diets at 20 wk of age. Dietary AA levels have important effects on pullet BW, fleshing, and organ development during rearing with potential reproductive performance impacts.}, number={9}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Alfaro-Wisaquillo, Maria Camila and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Cordova-Noboa, Hernan A. and V. Caldas, Justina and Quintana-Ospina, Gustavo A. and Ospina-Rojas, Ivan C. and San Martin, Viviana}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_matta_ortiz_alfaro-wisaquillo_cordova-noboa_chico_hoyos_quintana-ospina_caldas_buitrago_et al._2021, title={Effects of amino acid levels during rearing on Cobb 500 slow-feathering broiler breeders: 2. Reproductive performance}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2021.101398}, abstractNote={Crude protein and amino acid (AA) content in rearing diets affect body composition and reproductive performance. This study evaluated the effects of 4 dietary AA levels during rearing on BW, egg production and composition, fertility, hatchability, and embryo mortality up to 65 wk of age on Cobb 500 slow-feathering (SF) broiler breeders. The treatments consisted in 80% (low-AA), 90% (moderate-AA), 100% (standard-AA), and 110% (high-AA) of the AA recommendations for Cobb 500 SF pullets from 5 to 24 wk. AA was guided by an ideal protein profile based on digestible Lys. A total of 1,360 pullets and 288 Cobb MV cockerels were randomly placed in 16 pullets and 16 cockerel floor-pens. At 22 wk, 1,040 females and 112 males were transferred into 16-floor pens in a laying house. BW increased linearly (P < 0.01) as AA augmented at 25, 36, and 40 wk. No effects (P > 0.05) at the onset of lay were observed. Moderate-AA and standard-AA resulted in the best hen-housed egg production (HHEP) at 65 wk with 174.3 and 176.5 eggs, respectively. The optimum level of AA for HHEP at 65 wk was estimated (P < 0.001) in 96.7% and 94.7% by the quadratic and broken line models, respectively. Overall, the lightest egg weight (P = 0.022) was obtained with 89%AA during rearing, and the heaviest eggs (P < 0.001) were found at 54 wk. Response surface regression indicated linear effects on albumen and yolk percentages (P < 0.01) increasing and decreasing, respectively, as AA levels augmented; consequently, AA had a negative linear effect on Y:A ratio (P = 0.004) with quadratic effects (P < 0.01) of age (R2 = 0.92). No statistical effect of treatments was observed in fertility (P > 0.05), but AA had a quadratic effect (P = 0.046) on hatchability up to 50 wk of age with 97% as optimum, and decreased linearly (P = 0.004) from 51 to 65 wk. A few effects of treatments (P < 0.05) on embryo mortality were observed. In conclusion, AA levels during rearing affect broiler breeder reproductive performance.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Matta, Yilmar A. and Ortiz, Andres and Alfaro-Wisaquillo, Maria Camila and Cordova-Noboa, Hernan A. and Chico, Miguel and Hoyos, Juan S. and Quintana-Ospina, Gustavo A. and Caldas, Justina V and Buitrago, Daniela and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{cordova-noboa_oviedo-rondon_ortiz_matta_hoyos_buitrago_martinez_yanquen_chico_san martin_et al._2021, title={Effects of corn kernel hardness and grain drying temperature on particle size and pellet durability when grinding using a roller mill or hammermill}, volume={271}, ISSN={["1873-2216"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114715}, abstractNote={Corn kernel hardness and drying temperature may affect particle size and distribution after grinding, impacting feed mill productivity and animal performance. In the present study, the effects of two corn hybrids with different kernel hardness (average and hard respectively) and three-grain drying temperatures (35, 80, and 120 °C) on the geometric mean (dgw) and standard deviation (Sgw) of particle size were assessed. For roller-milling, four combinations of roller gap settings were utilized (0−0, 25−20, 30−30, and 35−35), whereas, for hammermilling, three tip speeds were used (1508; 4207 and 6320 m/min) in each case grinding through a 12/64″, 4.76 mm (12−12) screen combination. This evaluation was conducted in corn stored for less than 2 weeks (wk) for new crop and 30 wk. Additionally, at 2, 4, 8, 12, 17, and 20 wk of storage, treatments were ground by a hammermill to study the effects of storage on dgw and Sgw. After that, these ground batches of corn were included in feeds to investigate pellet durability. For evaluations performed in new crop corn, and at 2, 4, and 8 wk of storage, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design with two kernel hardness and three drying temperatures. In contrast, evaluations at 12, 17, and 20 wk, treatments consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial design with two-particle sizes and two drying temperatures. For all evaluations, three replicates per treatment combination were considered. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design, and mean separation was done using Tukey’s or student’s t-tests. Results in new crop corn showed that at 35 °C level, harder kernel corn yielded larger (P < 0.001) dgw compared to the hybrid with average kernel hardness when roller milling with 0−0 and 35−35 roll gap. Hammermilling (4207 and 6320 m/min) corn with hard kernel and dried at 120 °C resulted in greater dgw (P < 0.001) than similar corn but dried at 80 and 35°C. At 30 wk of storage, average kernel corn and dried at 80°C yielded larger (P < 0.01) dgw and lower (P < 0.001) Sgw in comparison to similar corn but dried at 35 °C when hammermilling at 6320 m/min. Regression analysis showed that storage time decreased (P < 0.05) the dgw in corn with average and hard kernel hardness, when hammermilling corn at 6320 m/min. The pellet durability index (PDI) was better for diets with average kernel hardness and corn dried at 35 °C than at higher temperatures. The particle size and moisture of corn affected PDI. This study shows the impacts of kernel hardness and drying temperature on PDI, dgw, and Sgw regardless of the grinding method and confirms that dgw is reduced as storage time increases.}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cordova-Noboa, Hernan A. and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Ortiz, Andres and Matta, Yilmar and Hoyos, Jose Sebastian and Buitrago, Gherly Daniela and Martinez, Juan Daivd and Yanquen, Jose Jonatan and Chico, Miguel and San Martin, Viviana Edita and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @article{rabello_costa_nogueira_guilherme barbosa_carlos rios-alva_wyatt_york_serrano_orlando oviedo-rondon_2021, title={Effects of graded levels of exogenous xylanase in corn-soy diets with two amino acid density and fat levels postpellet in broiler chickens: live performance, energy utilization, digestibility, and carcass characteristics}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.046}, abstractNote={This experiment evaluated the interactive effects among xylanase (XL; 0, 8,000, 16,000, and 32,000 BXU/kg), amino acid density (AA; high and low 10% difference), and additional fat (AF; 0 or +1.17%) applied postpellet in corn-soybean meal diets with dried distillers grains with solubles on performance, energy utilization, digestibility, and carcass traits in Ross 708 male broilers. A completely randomized block (pen location) design with 16 treatments arranged factorially (4 XL levels, 2 AA, and 2 AF) was analyzed using mixed models. No significant interactions or main effects were observed for feed intake at 49 d (P > 0.05) but chicks were heavier when consuming diets containing 0 or 8,000 BXU/kg (P = 0.015), high AA (P < 0.001), and 1.17% AF (P < 0.001). Feed efficiency did not vary with XL supplementation (P > 0.05) but was improved in broilers fed the higher AA and AF diet (P = 0.015 for AA × AF). AME, GE, and CP digestibility were assessed at days 17 and 42. There were multiple interactions observed at day 17 with a significant three-way showing that AME and CP digestibility improved when increasing the XL and AF levels in the high AA fed birds compared with the low-density diets. At day 42, XL and AF significantly affected AMEn, GE, or CP digestibility; however, there was a significant interaction between XL and AF. Diets supplemented with 1.17% AF improved AMEn significantly in broilers fed the highest XL level. Breast yield was not affected by treatments, but wing yield decreased with high AA density when diets contained 16,000 BXU/kg without differences for the other diets (P = 0.04 for XL × AA). Effects of XL, AA, and AF interactions on performance and cut-up-part yields have to be considered until day 42 for most of the variables studied. However, at 49 d of age, the dietary AA density and AF did not markedly influence the response to XL in maize-based diets.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Rabello, Carlos B. and Costa, Manuel J. and Nogueira, Wedson C. L. and Guilherme Barbosa, Jose and Carlos Rios-Alva, Juan and Wyatt, Craig L. and York, Tara W. and Serrano, Martina P. and Orlando Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={820–834} }
 @article{rodriguez-hernandez_oviedo-rondon_rondon-barragan_2021, title={Identification of reliable reference genes for expression studies in the magnum of laying hens housed in cage and cage-free systems}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2053-1095"]}, DOI={10.1002/vms3.507}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE}, author={Rodriguez-Hernandez, Roy and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Rondon-Barragan, Iang S.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{bartz_anderson_oviedo-rondon_livingtson_grimes_2020, title={Effects of stocking density on large white, commercial tom turkeys reared to 20 weeks of age: 1. growth and performance}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.024}, abstractNote={Industry standards for turkey stocking densities are variable and may not represent the more rapidly growing strains currently available. Therefore, a study was completed to evaluate 4 stocking densities: a nominal density (0.3525 m2/bird), 10% tighter density (0.3169 m2/bird), 10% looser density (0.3882 m2/bird), and 20% looser density (0.4238 m2/bird) on the effects on large white, commercial male turkeys with regard to performance from 5 to 20 wk of age. Brooding stocking density was fixed for all pens of birds with 60 birds per replicate pen at 0.46 m2/bird to 5 wk of age. Density treatments were applied from 5 to 20 wk by altering pen size with pen population held constant at 60 per pen. There were 4 pens of birds per density treatment. Birds were weighed individually at 0, 5, and 20 wk of age and performance parameters were calculated. There were no differences in bird performance at 5 wk, which was expected because stocking density was fixed. From 5 to 20 wk and at 20 wk, birds that were reared at the nominal standard (0.3525 m2/bird) and 10% tighter density (0.3169 m2/bird) had significantly lower body weight compared with the 10% looser density (0.3882 m2/bird) and 20% looser density (0.4238 m2/bird) (P = 0.03 and 0.01, respectfully). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended (P = 0.08) to be improved for birds reared at looser density. In addition, based on linear regression, as stocking density decreased (i.e., m2/bird increased), BW (P < 0.05) increased, and FCR (P = 0.10) tended to decrease (improve) at 20 wk. It was concluded that birds reared at looser density had improved performance.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Bartz, B. M. and Anderson, K. A. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Livingtson, K. and Grimes, J. L.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={5582–5586} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_cordova-noboa_2020, title={The Potential of Guanidino Acetic Acid to Reduce the Occurrence and Severity of Broiler Muscle Myopathies}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1664-042X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fphys.2020.00909}, abstractNote={Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the biochemical precursor of creatine, which, in its phosphorylated form, is an essential high-energy carrier in the muscle. Although creatine has limited stability in feed processing, GAA is well established as a source of creatine in the animal feed industry. Published data demonstrate beneficial effects of GAA supplementation on muscle creatine, energy compounds, and antioxidant status, leading to improvements in broiler body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast meat yield. Although increases in weight gain and meat yield are often associated with wooden breast (WB) and other myopathies, recent reports have suggested the potential of GAA supplementation to reduce the occurrence and severity of WB while improving breast meat yield. This disorder increases the hardness of the Pectoralis major muscle and has emerged as a current challenge to the broiler industry worldwide by impacting meat quality. Genetic selection, fast-growth rates, and environmental stressors have been identified to be the main factors related to this myopathy, but the actual cause of this disorder is still unknown. Creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional prescription in the treatment of several muscular myopathies in humans and other animals. Because GAA is a common feed additive in poultry production, the potential of GAA supplementation to reduce broiler myopathies has been investigated in experimental and commercial scenarios. In addition, a few studies have evaluated the potential of creatine in plasma and blood enzymes related to creatine to be used as potential markers for WB. The evidence indicates that GAA could potentially minimize the incidence of WB. More data are warranted to understand the factors affecting the potential efficacy of GAA to reduce the occurrence and severity of myopathies.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar Orlando and Cordova-Noboa, Hernan Alejandro}, year={2020}, month={Aug} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_velleman_wineland_2020, title={The Role of Incubation Conditions in the Onset of Avian Myopathies}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1664-042X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fphys.2020.545045}, abstractNote={White striping, wooden breast, and spaghetti muscle have become common myopathies in broilers worldwide. Several research reports have indicated that the origin of these lesions is metabolic disorders. These failures in normal metabolism can start very early in life, and suboptimal incubation conditions may trigger some of the key alterations on muscle metabolism. Incubation conditions affect the development of muscle and can be associated with the onset of myopathies. A series of experiments conducted with broilers, turkeys, and ducks are discussed to overview primary information showing the main changes in breast muscle histomorphology, metabolism, and physiology caused by suboptimal incubation conditions. These modifications may be associated with current myopathies. Those effects of incubation on myopathy occurrence and severity have also been confirmed at slaughter age. The impact of egg storage, temperature profiles, oxygen concentrations, and time of hatch have been evaluated. The effects have been observed in diverse species, genetic lines, and both genders. Histological and muscle evaluations have detected that myopathies could be induced by extended hypoxia and high temperatures, and those effects depend on the genetic line. Thus, these modifications in muscle metabolic responses may make hatchlings more susceptible to develop myopathies during grow out due to thermal stress, high-density diets, and fast growth rates.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar Orlando and Velleman, Sandra G. and Wineland, Michael J.}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_2019, title={Holistic view of intestinal health in poultry}, volume={250}, ISSN={["1873-2216"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.009}, abstractNote={The intestinal health of poultry has broad implications for the systemic health of birds, animal welfare, the production efficiency of flocks, food safety, and environmental impact. The importance of this topic has grown over the past two decades and this was the focus of this workshop arranged to provide a forum for discussion and mutual learning by sharing experiences, scientific information and demonstrations of comparative effects of multiple factors that affect intestinal health under controlled conditions. This special issue is the product of that workshop. This first paper reviews the multiple aspects that can affect the intestinal health of poultry, and individual factors are then addressed in more detail in subsequent papers. However, some factors, like breeder intestinal health, incubation conditions, early feeding, water quality, housing conditions, feedstuff quality, mycotoxin and rancidity, and grain drying will be discussed herein since will not be covered in detail elsewhere in the issue. The objective of this paper is to offer a great overview of intestinal health in poultry production and emphasize that a holistic approach is necessary when trying to minimize these dysbiosis and enteric diseases.}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={1–8} }
 @article{chen_suyemoto_sarsour_cordova_oviedo-rondon_wineland_barnes_borst_2019, title={Temporal characterization of wooden breast myopathy ("woody breast") severity and correlation with growth rate and lymphocytic phlebitis in three commercial broiler strains and a random-bred broiler strain}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1465-3338"]}, DOI={10.1080/03079457.2019.1598541}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Wooden breast myopathy (WBM), or “woody breast” or “wooden breast” affects modern, rapidly growing, high breast-yield broiler chickens. Decreased meat quality due to undesirable organoleptic properties and condemnation of affected breast meat cause economic losses. The pathogenesis of WBM remains unknown. In this study, WBM lesion development was determined in three modern broiler strains and Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) broilers, a 1950s unselected broiler chicken. Correlations between WBM severity and incubation temperature profile, sex, strain, body weight, and lymphocytic phlebitis were also determined. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age, samples of breast muscle from 10 male and 10 female birds from each strain, incubated under optimal or low-early, high-late temperatures, were scored histologically for severity of WBM and lymphocytic phlebitis. WBM lesions, identified as early as 2 weeks, became progressively more severe with age and growth in the three commercial broiler strains. WBM severity was significantly correlated with lymphocytic phlebitis and body weight. Lymphocytic phlebitis and minimal WBM were present in the ACRB broilers at all samplings, but did not progress in severity over time. There were no significant differences in severity of WBM among the commercial broiler strains, between sexes, or between incubation temperature profiles. The positive correlation between WBM severity and lymphocytic phlebitis indicates vascular injury is likely an important factor in the pathogenesis. Mild muscle lesions in ACRB birds without overt clinical signs indicate subclinical muscle disease may have been present in broilers prior to the description of WBM.}, number={4}, journal={AVIAN PATHOLOGY}, author={Chen, Laura R. and Suyemoto, M. Mitsu and Sarsour, Albarra H. and Cordova, H. Alejandro and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Wineland, Michael and Barnes, H. John and Borst, Luke B.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={319–328} }
 @article{borst_mclamb_suyemoto_chen_levy_sarsour_cordova_barnes_oviedo-rondón_2018, title={Coinfection with Eimeria spp. decreases bacteremia and spinal lesions caused by pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum}, volume={250}, ISSN={0377-8401}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.014}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.014}, abstractNote={Pathogenic strains of Enterococcus cecorum (EC) escape the gut niche to infect the spine of broilers at the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) causing the disease enterococcal spondylitis or ‘kinky-back’. Intestinal barrier damage caused by coinfection with Eimeria spp. has been suggested to play a role in potentiating EC bacteremia and FTV lesion development. To test this hypothesis, 1440 broilers were experimentally infected with EC only, EC and a coinfection of E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella (EC:Cocci), and a saline only control (Sham). Birds were grown for 35 days, spleen cultures, histologic lesions in the FTV and live performance parameters were compared among groups. Coccidian coinfection significantly decreased the prevalence of EC bacteremia and histologic lesions in the FTV. Histologic evaluation of the ceca revealed significantly increased cecal mucosal height and mean inflammatory scores in the EC:Cocci group compared to EC only and sham inoculated controls. These findings indicate that the decrease in pathogenic EC bacteremia observed with coccidia coinfection may be due to increased intestinal epithelial turnover or increased immune surveillance of the intestine. In both infection groups, body weights, body weight gain and feed intake were significantly decreased and feed conversion ratios were significantly increased. These undesirable alterations in live performance parameters were exacerbated by nicarbazin treatment but not zoalene or bacitracin treatment. Further work is needed to determine the mechanism for the observed benefit of coccidian coinfection in decreasing bacteremia and FTV lesions due to pathogenic EC.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Borst, L.B. and McLamb, K.A. and Suyemoto, M.M. and Chen, L.R. and Levy, M.G. and Sarsour, A.H. and Cordova, H.A. and Barnes, H.J. and Oviedo-Rondón, E.O.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={59–68} }
 @article{córdova-noboa_oviedo-rondón_sarsour_barnes_sapcota_lópez_gross_rademacher-heilshorn_braun_2018, title={Effect of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on live performance, meat quality, pectoral myopathies and blood parameters of male broilers fed corn-based diets with or without poultry by-products}, volume={97}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey097}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pey097}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Creatine is a nitrogenous compound naturally occurring in animal tissues and is obtained from dietary animal protein or de novo synthesis from guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). The dietary supply of this semi‐essential nutrient could be adversely compromised when feeding purely vegetable‐based diets. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of GAA supplementation in broilers fed corn‐based diets with or without the inclusion of poultry by‐products (PBP) on live performance, carcass and cut up yields, meat quality, pectoral muscle myopathies, differential blood count, blood clinical chemistry, serum GAA and its metabolites. The treatments consisted of PBP inclusion in the diets at 0 and 5%, with or without GAA supplementation (0 or 0.06%). A total of 1,280 one‐d‐old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly placed in 64 floor pens with 16 replicates per treatment combination. At 0, 14, 35, 48, and 55 d, pen BW and feed intake were recorded. BW gain and FCR were calculated at the end of each phase. Individual BW was obtained at 55 d and one broiler per pen was selected for blood collection. Additionally, four broilers per pen were selected (including the chicken for blood collection) for processing. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with PBP and GAA supplementation as main effects. An improvement (P < 0.05) on FCR of 0.019 (g:g) was detected at 55 d due to GAA supplementation. The probability of having breast meat with low severity of wooden breast (score 2) was increased (P < 0.05) by GAA inclusion in diets without PBP. An interaction effect (P < 0.05) was detected on GAA concentration in blood. The supplementation with GAA and PBP inclusion resulted in higher (P < 0.05) GAA serum concentration. Generally, meat quality parameters were not affected by GAA. In conclusion, GAA supplementation improved FCR regardless of dietary PBP and reduced wooden breast severity by increasing score 2 in diets without PBP.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Córdova-Noboa, H A and Oviedo-Rondón, E O and Sarsour, A H and Barnes, J and Sapcota, D and López, D and Gross, L and Rademacher-Heilshorn, M and Braun, U}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={2494–2505} }
 @article{oviedo-rondón_mente_arellano_lascelles_mitchell_2018, title={Influence of gait on bone strength in turkeys with leg defects}, volume={97}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey142}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pey142}, abstractNote={Abstract Leg problems have become more frequent in fast‐growing turkeys. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of common leg defects on kinetic parameters of gait and biomechanical properties of bone. Nine hundred, day‐old, male, Large White turkeys were raised in 48 floor pens. At 42 d of age, turkeys were divided into four categories of leg condition as determined by visual evaluation: Normal, Crooked toes, Shaky legs, and Valgus. Fifteen toms were selected from each group and trained to walk on a pressure sensitive walkway. Gait kinetic data were collected at 92, 115 and 144 d of age. At 145 d of age, turkeys were sacrificed and bones were collected and frozen until analysis. Morphological measurements of femur, tibia and tarsus‐metatarsus were recorded. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were obtained using DEXA. Bone strength of tibias was evaluated using a four‐point bending test and femurs with a torsion test. ANOVA was used to detect differences among groups, and Tukey's test used for mean separation. There were no differences in BW among different leg conditions. Gait parameters changed as turkeys aged, and age‐group interactions were observed on peak vertical force (PVF), contact time, step length (SL) and bipedal cycle. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in morphological measurements of femur or tibia. Relative asymmetry of femur length was lower (P < 0.05) in Normal and Valgus turkeys than in toms with Crooked toes. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among groups for femur BMD, BMC or strength. Tibia BMD and the area moment of inertia of turkeys with Crooked toes were lower (P < 0.05) than in toms with Valgus. With all four leg conditions, femur strength was positively correlated with PVF and negatively correlated with SL; BMD and BMC were correlated with tibia strength and gait kinetic parameters. In conclusion, only crooked toes caused consistent differences in gait patterns, bone properties and bone strength, but in general, gait kinetics was correlated with bone biomechanics in turkeys.}, number={8}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oviedo-Rondón, E O and Mente, P L and Arellano, C and Lascelles, B D X and Mitchell, A}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={2621–2637} }
 @article{córdova-noboa_oviedo-rondón_sarsour_barnes_ferzola_rademacher-heilshorn_braun_2018, title={Performance, meat quality, and pectoral myopathies of broilers fed either corn or sorghum based diets supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid}, volume={97}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey096}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pey096}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation in broilers fed corn or sorghum‐based diets on live performance, carcass and cut up yields, meat quality, and pectoral myopathies. The treatments consisted of corn or sorghum‐based diets with or without the addition of GAA (600 g/ton). A total of 800 one‐d‐old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly placed in 40 floor pens with 10 replicates (20 birds per pen) per each of the four treatments. At hatch, 14, 35, and 50 d, BW and feed intake were recorded. BW gain and FCR were calculated at the end of each phase. Four broilers per pen were selected and slaughtered at 51d and 55d of age to determine carcass and cut up yields, meat quality and myopathies (spaghetti muscle, white striping, and wooden breast) severity in the Pectoralis major. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with grain type and GAA supplementation as main effects. At 50 d, diets containing GAA improved (P < 0.01) FCR (1.682 vs. 1.724 g: g) independently of grain type. At 55 d, broilers fed corn diets with GAA had higher breast meat yield (P < 0.05) compared to corn without GAA. Drip and cook loss, and shear force (Warner‐Bratzler) were not affected (P > 0.05) by GAA supplementation at any slaughter ages. However, GAA decreased (P < 0.05) the ultimate pH at 51 and 55 d in breast meat samples compared to unsupplemented diets. At 51 d, broilers supplemented with GAA had double (P < 0.05) breast meat fillets without wooden breast (score 1) compared with broilers fed non‐supplemented diets, therefore reducing the severity of this myopathy. In conclusion, GAA supplementation improved broiler live performance in broilers raised up to 50 d independently of grain source, increased breast meat yield in corn‐based diets and reduced the severity of wooden breast myopathy.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Córdova-Noboa, H A and Oviedo-Rondón, E O and Sarsour, A H and Barnes, J and Ferzola, P and Rademacher-Heilshorn, M and Braun, U}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={2479–2493} }
 @article{borsatti_vieira_stefanello_kindlein_oviedo-rondón_angel_2017, title={Apparent metabolizable energy of by-products from the soybean oil industry for broilers: acidulated soapstock, glycerin, lecithin, and their mixture}, volume={97}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex269}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pex269}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the AMEn contents of fat by‐products from the soybean oil industry for broiler chickens. A total of 390 slow‐feathering Cobb × Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly distributed into 13 treatments having 6 replicates of 5 birds each. Birds were fed a common starter diet from placement to 21 d. Experimental corn‐soy diets were composed of four fat sources, added at 3 increasing levels each, and were fed from 21 to 28 d. Fat sources utilized were acidulated soybean soapstock (ASS), glycerol (GLY), lecithin (LEC), and a mixture (MIX) containing 85% ASS, 10% GLY and 5% LEC. A 4 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement was used with 4 by‐products (ASS, GLY, LEC, or MIX), 3 inclusion levels and 1 basal diet. Each of the four fat by‐product sources was included in the diets as follow: 2% of by‐products (98% basal + 2% by‐product), 4% (96% basal + 4% by‐product), or 6% (94% basal + 6% by‐product). Birds were submitted to 94, 96, 98, and 100% of ad libitum feed intake; therefore, the differences in AMEn consumption were only due to the added by‐product. Total excreta were collected twice daily for 72 h to determine apparent metabolizable energy contents starting at 25 d. The AMEn intake was regressed against feed intake and the slope was used to estimate AMEn values for each fat source. Linear regression equations (P < 0.05) estimated for each by‐product were as follow: 7,153X ‐ 451.9 for ASS; 3,916X ‐ 68.2 for GLY; 7,051X ‐ 448.3 for LEC, and 8,515X ‐ 622.3 for MIX. Values of AMEn were 7,153, 3,916, 7,051, and 8,515 kcal/kg DM for ASS, GLY, LEC, and MIX, respectively. The present study generated AMEn for fat by‐products data that can be used in poultry feed formulation. It also provides indications that, by adding the 3 by‐products in the proportions present in the MIX, considerable economic advantage can be attained.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Borsatti, L and Vieira, S L and Stefanello, C and Kindlein, L and Oviedo-Rondón, E O and Angel, C R}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={124–130} }
 @article{oviedo-rondón_lascelles_arellano_mente_eusebio-balcazar_grimes_mitchell_2017, title={Gait parameters in four strains of turkeys and correlations with bone strength}, volume={96}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew502}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pew502}, abstractNote={Locomotion problems in meat poultry have multifactorial etiology. A better understanding of normal gait and its influences on biomechanical aspects of leg bones among turkey genetic lines is important to prevent skeletal disorders and locomotion issues. The objective of this experiment was to determine the possible differences in gait kinetic and kinematic parameters of turkey strains and their effects on bone biomechanical properties. Four genetic lines, named A, B, C, and D, were obtained and raised in 48 floor pens with new pine shavings. Leg health issues were classified at 16 and 33 d of age. Fifteen turkeys from each strain with apparent normal legs and gait at 33 d of age were selected for gait analysis. These 15 turkeys were trained to walk on a pressure sensitive walkway and video was recorded to calculate articulation movements. These data also were analyzed to obtain kinetic and kinematic parameters of the gait cycle collected at 47, 84, 107, and 145 d of age. At 20 wk all turkeys were sacrificed, and legs were collected and frozen for analysis. Weights and morphologic measurements of the femur, tibia, and shank were recorded. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were obtained using DEXA. Femur and tibia strength were evaluated by a 4-point bending test and torsion test, respectively. Gait parameters changed as toms aged and some differences were observed among lines. Genetic lines differed on BMD, but not on BMC. Strain D had a higher BMD and smaller diaphyseal angle than strain C, characteristics that were correlated with stronger bones. Strain D also had the lowest incidence of leg problems while strain C had the highest. Furthermore, the D strain had a smaller vertical motion of the toe than strains C and B at 47 d and strain A at 145 d, indicating that the D strain had a more efficient gait. In summary, genetic strains differ significantly on gait parameters, which in turn impacts bone biomechanics.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oviedo-Rondón, E. O. and Lascelles, B. D. X. and Arellano, C. and Mente, P. L. and Eusebio-Balcazar, P. and Grimes, J. L. and Mitchell, A. D.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={1989–2005} }
 @article{chen_suyemoto_sarsour_cordova_oviedo-rondón_barnes_borst_2017, title={Prevalence and severity of osteochondrosis of the free thoracic vertebra in three modern broiler strains and the Athens Canadian Random Bred control broiler}, volume={47}, ISSN={0307-9457 1465-3338}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2017.1388499}, DOI={10.1080/03079457.2017.1388499}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Osteochondrosis (OCD) results from a disturbance of endochondral ossification in articular cartilage and is an important cause of lameness in several animal species, including chickens. OCD lesions in the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) of chickens are essential to the pathogenesis of pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of OCD in the FTV among three modern broiler chicken crosses (strains A/A, A/B, and C/C) and Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) chickens, which served as the control group. The effect of sex, age, strain, body weight, and incubation temperature profile on OCD severity for each group was determined. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age, the FTV of 10 male and 10 female birds from each strain exposed to either optimal or low-early, high-late incubation temperature profiles were collected and scored histologically for OCD lesion severity. OCD spectrum lesions were detected in >70% of all strain/sex combinations, including the ACRB controls. No association was observed between mean OCD score and broiler strain, incubation temperature profile, sex, age, or body weight. These findings indicate that OCD of the FTV is common in broiler chickens with similar prevalence observed in broilers with modern genetics and the ACRB broilers which represent 1950s broiler genetics. As the parameters examined did not have a statistical correlation with OCD, additional work is needed to understand factors that contribute to development of OCD in chickens.}, number={2}, journal={Avian Pathology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Chen, Laura R. and Suyemoto, M. Mitsu and Sarsour, Albarra H. and Cordova, H. Alejandro and Oviedo-Rondón, Edgar O. and Barnes, H. John and Borst, Luke B.}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={152–160} }
 @article{lin_shah_wang-li_oviedo-rondón_post_2016, title={Development of MOS sensor-based NH3 monitor for use in poultry houses}, volume={127}, ISSN={0168-1699}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2016.07.033}, DOI={10.1016/j.compag.2016.07.033}, abstractNote={To ensure poultry performance and welfare, ammonia (NH3) concentrations inside poultry houses have to be within acceptable limits; this requires regular NH3 monitoring. While there are low-cost, portable NH3 measuring devices have drawbacks. Due to its low cost, long lifetime, and short response time, a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor was used to develop a handheld NH3 monitor for use in poultry houses. Since the MOS sensor is affected by humidity and temperature, collocating relative humidity (RH) and temperature sensors with the MOS NH3 sensor and applying temperature and RH compensations greatly improved its performance. Compared to the boric acid scrubber, using broiler litter exhaust gas as the NH3 source, the relative error (RE) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the monitor averaged 7%, comparable to research-grade instruments. The monitor was more accurate than the electrochemical sensor and required less frequent purging. The response time of the unit was ∼1.5 min, the total mass was <1.4 kg while material cost was <$430. Hence, in addition to being convenient, the monitor provided accurate and precise measurements. With further refinements, the monitor has the potential to be used in poultry houses to control ventilation rates as a component of precision livestock farming to improve poultry performance and welfare.}, journal={Computers and Electronics in Agriculture}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lin, Tianheng and Shah, Sanjay B. and Wang-Li, Lingjuan and Oviedo-Rondón, Edgar O. and Post, Justin}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={708–715} }
 @article{da costa_oviedo-rondon_wineland_claassen_osborne_2016, title={Effects of incubation temperatures and trace mineral sources on chicken live performance and footpad skin development}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pev446}, abstractNote={One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two incubation temperature profiles (TEM) and two trace mineral (TM) sources with their inclusion levels on performance and footpad skin development of Ross 708 chickens. A total of 1,000 eggs from 29-wk-old breeders were incubated following two TEM profiles: a standard (S) eggshell temperature (37.8±0.2°C) for 21 d of incubation and an early-low late-high (LH) TEM. The second profile had low (37.2±0.2°C) temperature for the first 3 d, and S until the last 3 d when eggshell temperature was 39.2±0.2°C. At hatch, 15 male and 15 female chicks from each TEM were selected, and footpads sampled. Additionally, 168 males per TEM were placed in 24 battery cages with 7 chickens each. The 48 cages were assigned to two TM dietary treatments: one with inorganic (ITM) sources of Zn (120 ppm), Cu (10 ppm), and Mn (120 ppm) and the other with chelated (CTM) mineral sources using lower inclusion levels of Zn (32 ppm), Cu (8 ppm), and Mn (32 ppm). At 7 and 21 d, BW gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained and chicks sampled for footpads. Histological analysis assessed thickness and area ofstratus corneum(SC), epidermis, and dermis. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with TEM and sex as main factors for hatch data and TEM and TM diets for 7 and 21 d data. The LH chicks were heavier than S chicks at hatch, but had more residual yolk. However, S TEM male chickens were heavier at 7 and 21 d. The S TEM had better FCR than LH TEM.Papillaedermis parameters at hatch were higher in the S TEM. At 7 d, SC height and area were increased by the S TEM. At 21 d CTM increased dermis height and area. In conclusion, TEM affected footpad skin development and broiler performance. Replacing ITM with reduced levels of CTM increased dermis development without affecting live performance or other skin layers.}, number={4}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Da Costa, M. J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Wineland, M. J. and Claassen, K. and Osborne, J.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={749–759} }
 @article{borst_suyemoto_sarsour_harris_martin_strickland_oviedo_barnes_2016, title={Pathogenesis of Enterococcal Spondylitis Caused by Enterococcus cecorum in Broiler Chickens}, volume={54}, ISSN={0300-9858 1544-2217}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985816658098}, DOI={10.1177/0300985816658098}, abstractNote={ Enterococcal spondylitis (ES) is a disease of commercial broiler chickens, with a worldwide distribution. Symmetrical hind limb paralysis typical of ES results from infection of the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) by pathogenic strains of Enterococcus cecorum . To determine the pathogenesis of ES, birds with natural and experimental ES were studied over time. In natural disease, case birds (n = 150) from an affected farm and control birds (n = 100) from an unaffected farm were evaluated at weeks 1–6. In control birds, intestinal colonization by E. cecorum began at week 3. In case birds, E. cecorum was detected in intestine and spleen at week 1, followed by infection of the FTV beginning at week 3. E. cecorum isolates recovered from intestine, spleen, and FTV of case birds had matching genotypes, confirming that intestinal colonization with pathogenic strains precedes bacteremia and infection of the FTV. Clinical intestinal disease was not required for E. cecorum bacteremia. In 1- to 3-week-old case birds, pathogenic E. cecorum was observed within osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the FTV. To determine whether OCD of the FTV was a risk factor for ES, 214 birds were orally infected with E. cecorum, and the FTV was evaluated histologically at weeks 1–7. Birds without cartilage clefts of OCD in the FTV did not develop ES; while birds with OCD scores ≥3 were susceptible to lesion development. These findings suggest that intestinal colonization, bacteremia, and OCD of the FTV in early life are crucial to the pathogenesis of ES. }, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Pathology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Borst, L. B. and Suyemoto, M. M. and Sarsour, A. H. and Harris, M. C. and Martin, M. P. and Strickland, J. D. and Oviedo, E. O. and Barnes, H. J.}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={61–73} }
 @article{da costa_oviedo-rondón_wineland_jeffrey_2016, title={Pathogeny of Fatigued Walking Condition in Pekin Ducks}, volume={60}, ISSN={0005-2086 1938-4351}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/11292-100315-RegR}, DOI={10.1637/11292-100315-regr}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Fatigued walking condition (FWC) in ducks is an important welfare and processing issue during the loading/unloading to the processing plant that can be related to heart and bone development. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubation conditions on duck embryo bone and heart development and their subsequent effects on ducks showing FWC at market age. Four groups of 2500 Pekin duck eggs were subjected to combinations of two incubation temperature profiles (elevated [E] and normal [N]) and two eggshell conductance profiles (G) (reduced [GR] and normal [GN]). At hatch 10 ducklings from each treatment combination were sampled for heart, liver, residual yolk, and total body weight as well as relative weights (organ percentage of whole body weight). Femur, tibia, and tarsus length and weight were also obtained, and relative asymmetry (RA) was calculated for each leg section. At 35 days of age during unloading of the truck at the slaughter plant, five hens and five drakes demonstrating normal walking and FWC were sampled. Body, heart, and ventricular weights were obtained along with femur, tibia and tarsus length, weight, and RA. Bone strength was evaluated using a three-point bending test, and tibia ash content was assessed. At hatch duckling bone characteristics and organ weights were found to be primarily affected by GR conditions, while heart development in older ducks was mainly impacted by E incubation temperatures. Tibia and relative weight at 35 days were also increased by GR and E. Fatigued ducks presented heavier tibias with more RA and cortical thickness but lower ash percentage. In conclusion, the changes in bone development during incubation and posthatch life were related to duck FWC presence during transportation to the processing plant.}, number={4}, journal={Avian Diseases}, publisher={American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)}, author={Da Costa, M. J. and Oviedo-Rondón, E. O. and Wineland, M. and Jeffrey, D.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={731–738} }
 @article{eusebio-ba_oviedo-ron_grimes_scott_2015, title={Bone Development and Leg Problem Incidence in Four Strains of Turkeys}, volume={14}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.497.505}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2015.497.505}, number={9}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Eusebio-Ba, P. and Oviedo-Ron, E.O. and Grimes, J.L. and Scott, J.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={497–505} }
 @article{eusebio-balcazar_oviedo-rondon_wineland_osborne_brake_2015, title={Effect of broiler breeder feeding programme and feeder space change at photostimulation using maize- or wheat-based diets on broiler progeny growth performance and leg health}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1466-1799"]}, DOI={10.1080/00071668.2015.1019830}, abstractNote={Abstract 1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet type, maternal feeding programme at 29 weeks of age and breeder feeder space change at photostimulation on broiler progeny performance and leg health at 6 weeks of age. 2. Fast-feathering Cobb 500 broiler breeders were fed on either maize- or wheat-based diets that had been formulated to have similar nutrient composition during growing and layer phases. Two feeding programmes, fast or flow, were used from 14 to 29 weeks of age. At 22 weeks, 69 females from each pen were placed in a layer house where feeder space was either similar to that in rearing (6.3 to 6.5 cm/female) or was increased from 6.3 to 8.4 cm/female. Eggs produced at 32 and 44 weeks of age were collected and incubated for two broiler experiments. A total of 16 male and 16 female one-d-old chicks were placed in floor pens in two experiments, respectively, with 6 and 4 replicate pens. Broiler gait scores and leg problem prevalence were evaluated at 6 weeks of age. 3. Data were analysed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with diet type, feeding programme and feeder space change as main factors. 4. The wheat diet increased the probability of observing crooked toes in broiler progeny compared to the use of maize, but only when breeders were fed according to the fast feeding programme and given similar feeder space as during rearing. 5. Breeders given more feeder space in the laying period produced progeny with more locomotion problems compared with those provided similar feeder space, but only when maize was used and the slow feeding programme was applied to the breeders. 6. The maternal feeding programme interacted with other factors to influence progeny leg health, but it did not solely influence walking ability or leg problems of progeny. 7. In conclusion, an increased probability of observing walking impairment of broiler progeny was detected when breeders were given greater feeder space at photostimulation rather than no change and fed according to the slow feeding programme using maize diets in breeders and progeny.}, number={3}, journal={BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Eusebio-Balcazar, P. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Wineland, M. J. and Osborne, J. and Brake, J.}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={345–360} }
 @article{da costa_oviedo-rondón_wineland_jeffrey_2015, title={Effects of eggshell conductance and incubation temperatures on duck footpad development}, volume={24}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfv056}, DOI={10.3382/japr/pfv056}, abstractNote={Summary Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a major animal welfare and economical concern. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of eggshell conductance (G) and incubation temperature profiles (TEM) on duck footpad skin structure at hatch and 35 d of age, and their influence on probability to observe FPD scores under commercial conditions. A total of 10,000 Pekin duck eggs were assigned to 4 treatments, resulting from a combination of two G, reduced and normal, and two TEM, elevated and normal. At hatch, 6 ducklings from each treatment were weighed and footpad skin samples collected for histological processing. The remaining ducklings were placed in a commercial house. At 35 d, 5 drakes and 5 hens from each treatment combination were weighed and classified for FPD using a 3-level scale to determine probabilities to observe each score using logistic regression. Additionally, footpads of 7 ducks per treatment combination were sampled for histological analysis. Data were analyzed as a CRD with 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. There were no effects of treatments on BW at hatch and 35 d. High TEM and reduced G increased residual yolk. On footpad skin layer measurements, an interaction effect was observed on dermis length and area and total papillae height at hatch. At 35 d reduced G ducks had more area of epidermis than normal G. Additionally, either elevated TEM or reduced G tended to increase the probability (P}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Da Costa, Manuel J. and Oviedo-Rondón, Edgar O. and Wineland, Michael and Jeffrey, Debbie}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={pfv056} }
 @article{scott_da costa_oviedo-rondon_2015, title={Incubation temperature profiles affect broiler feathering}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.3382/japr/pfu022}, abstractNote={Abstract Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation temperature profiles, breeder feed restriction programs, and litter conditions on progeny feather follicle (FF) density and skin layer thickness. In the first experiment, Cobb 500 fast feathering breeders were subjected to 2 feed restriction programs during rearing: skip-a-day (SAD) and every-day feeding (EDF). Eggs from each group were incubated according to 2 incubation temperature profiles: standard (S) and early-low late-high (LH). A total of 72 chicks per treatment combination were placed in Petersime cages (6/cage) and sampled for skin in the breast, dorsum, and thigh areas at 22 d. Additional samples were collected from the thigh and measured for epidermal and dermal thickness. For the second experiment, 2,475 eggs from a commercial flock of Cobb 500 fast feathering breeders were subjected to 3 incubation temperature profiles: S, LH, and standard-high (SH). At hatch, 1,260 chickens were placed in floor pens (14/pen) that contained either used litter or new wood shavings. At 28 d of age, 2 chickens per pen were sampled for skin in the breast, dorsum, and thigh areas. In both experiments, FF were counted in 4.5 cm2. It was concluded that incubation temperature affected feathering development in both experiments, especially in the breast. This effect may be stronger in progeny from breeders restricted under SAD programs. Moreover, litter conditions impacted FF numbers. These findings may be applied to minimize carcass scratches and improve broiler welfare.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Scott, J. and Da Costa, M. J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={49–57} }
 @article{shah_grimes_oviedo-rondón_westerman_2014, title={Acidifier application rate impacts on ammonia emissions from US roaster chicken houses}, volume={92}, ISSN={1352-2310}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.044}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.044}, abstractNote={Due to its potential environmental and public health impacts, emissions of ammonia (NH3) as well as several other gases from US livestock farms may be regulated. Broiler houses are important sources of NH3 emissions. However, there are no emissions data from roaster (8–12 wk old broilers, ∼4 kg ea.) houses. Producers treat the litter in broiler houses with acidifiers, such as sodium bisulfate (SBS, NaHSO4) to reduce ammonia production and protect bird health. However, there is very little data on the effect of acidifiers, particularly at high application rates on ammonia emissions. The impact of different SBS application rates [High (0.95–1.46 kg m−2, whole house), Medium (0.73 kg m−2, whole house), Low (0.37–0.49 kg m−2, whole house), and Control (0.37–0.49 kg m−2, brood chamber)] on ammonia emissions was evaluated in commercial roaster houses over 22 months spanning eight flocks. Ammonia emission from each fan was measured with an acid scrubber that operated only when the fan operated. Emissions were calculated using >95% measured data with the rest being estimated using robust methods. Exhaust ammonia–N concentrations were inversely correlated with the SBS application rates. Emission rates on animal unit (AU, where 1 AU = 500 kg live-mass) basis (ER, g d−1 AU−1) were reduced by 27, 13, and 5%, respectively, in the High, Medium, and Low treatments vs. the Control treatment (mean: 100 g d−1 AU−1, range: 86–114 g d−1 AU−1). Emission rates for the Control treatment measured in this study on roasters were mostly higher than ERs in the literature. Differences in ERs are not only due to diet, environmental and management conditions, but also due to measurement methods.}, journal={Atmospheric Environment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Shah, Sanjay B. and Grimes, Jesse L. and Oviedo-Rondón, Edgar O. and Westerman, Philip W.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={576–583} }
 @article{carvajal jiménez_oviedo-rondón_2014, title={Effect of a serine protease with increasing inclusion levels of sorghum over the performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens}, volume={7}, number={1}, journal={Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal}, author={Carvajal Jiménez, J.G. and Oviedo-Rondón, E.O.}, year={2014}, pages={43–55} }
 @article{leksrisompong_romero-sanchez_oviedo-rondon_brake_2014, title={Effect of feeder space during the growing and laying periods and the rate of feed increase at the onset of lay on broiler breeder female reproductive function}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2013-03277}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to examine how 2 feeder space allocations during the rearing period followed by 2 feeder space allocations after photostimulation and 2 female feeding to peak programs (fast or slow) affected female broiler breeder reproductive performance and mortality. Sixteen pens of 76 breeder females each were equipped with either 4 tube feeders with a 132 cm circumference pan (7.0 cm/female) or 6 feeders (10.4 cm/female) to 21 wk of age. Thereafter, 64 females were moved to breeding pens, photostimulated, and fed sex-separate from either 3 (6.2 cm/female) or 5 (10.3 cm/female) feeders with either fast or slow feeding to peak feeding programs applied to complete a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Seven males that were separately reared in a similar manner were added per pen. Individual female BW was determined at 6, 20, and 32 wk of age and BW uniformity assessed. Greater feeder space during rearing increased BW at 32 wk of age, whereas greater feeder space during lay or slow feeding to peak decreased BW at 32 wk. There were no differences in BW uniformity. Hens from the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination produced a significantly greater number of eggs as compared with the 7.0 to 10.3 cm/female and 10.4 to 6.2 cm/female combinations with the 7.0 to 6.2 cm/female combination intermediate. Percentage hen-day egg production of the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination hens was significantly greater than all other combinations. Livability was improved in the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination relative to the 7.0 to 10.3 cm/female combination with the others intermediate. The fast feeding to peak program increased yolk weight as well as yolk:albumen ratio at 28 and 30 wk of age, but egg weight did not differ. These data indicated that increased or decreased feeder space between the growing and laying periods did not affect broiler breeder female BW, uniformity, egg weight, fertility, or hatchability. The 10.3 cm/female laying feeder space exhibited the best hen-day egg production in combination with 10.4 cm/pullet rearing but not with 7.0 cm/pullet rearing space. In a similar manner, hen mortality was greater in the 7.0 to 10.3 cm/female feeder space combination that the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination.}, number={7}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Leksrisompong, N. and Romero-Sanchez, H. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Brake, J.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={1599–1607} }
 @article{da costa_oviedo-rondon_wineland_wilson_montiel_2014, title={Effects of breeder feeding restriction programs and incubation temperatures on progeny footpad development}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2014-03897}, abstractNote={Footpad dermatitis begins early in life, and there is evidence of individual susceptibility. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the carryover effects of breeder feed restriction programs and incubation temperatures (TEM) on progeny footpad development at hatch, and 7 and 22 d. Cobb 500 fast feathering breeders were subjected to 2 dietary feed restriction programs during rearing: skip-a-day (SAD) and every-day feeding (EDF). At 60 wk of age, eggs from each group were collected and incubated according to 2 TEM, standard (S) eggshell temperature (38.1°C) and early-low late-high (LH). This second profile had low (36.9°C) eggshell temperature for the first 3 d, and standard temperature until the last 3 d when eggs were subjected to elevated (38.9°C) eggshell temperature. At hatch, 15 chicks from each treatment combination were sampled to obtain footpads for histological analysis. Seventy-two chicks per treatment were placed in 48 cages (6/cage), and raised to 22 d. At 7 and 22 d, 1 and 2 chickens, respectively, were sampled for footpads. The BW and group feed intake were recorded to obtain BW gain and feed conversion ratio at 7 and 21 d. Histological analysis assessed thickness and total area of stratus corneum (SC), epidermis, and dermis, and total papillae height. Data were analyzed as randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. There was a negative effect of LH TEM on performance at both ages. An interaction effect on SC area and papillae height was observed at hatch. Additionally, SAD treatment increased thickness and area of footpad dermis. At 7 d, the SC parameters of the SAD progeny were increased. Epidermis thickness was affected by treatment interaction. Furthermore, LH TEM decreased epidermis thickness and dermis area. At 22 d, interaction effects were observed in thickness and area of SC and epidermis. Incubation S TEM increased thickness and area of dermis. It was concluded that breeder feed restriction programs and incubation TEM profiles may have carryover effects on histomorphological traits of footpads.}, number={8}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Da Costa, M. J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Wineland, M. J. and Wilson, J. and Montiel, E.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={1900–1909} }
 @article{eusebio-balcazar_oviedo-rondón_wineland_pérez serrano_brake_2014, title={Effects of broiler breeder-feeding programme and feeder space change at photostimulation using maize- or wheat-based diets on eggshell properties and progeny bone development}, volume={55}, ISSN={0007-1668 1466-1799}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2014.921665}, DOI={10.1080/00071668.2014.921665}, abstractNote={Abstract 1. The effects of diet type, feeding programme and fast- or slow-feed allocation in fast-feathering Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens on eggshell properties and broiler progeny bone development were investigated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment. 2. The birds were fed on either maize- or wheat-based diets during rearing and production and on a fast- or slow-feed allocation programme from 14 to 29 weeks of age. At 22 weeks, 69 females from each pen were placed in a layer house where feeder space (FS) either remained similar or was increased. 3. Eggs produced at 33 weeks were incubated, eggshell conductance (G) was determined and a sample of 14 chicks from each treatment combination was taken to obtain bone traits at hatching. 4. Diet type did not influence G, yolk-free body weight (BW), residual yolk weight or relative asymmetry (RA) of any bilateral traits of leg bones of hatchlings. However, breeder diet type was involved on two-way and three-way interaction effects on progeny leg bone traits. 5. Breeders feed restricted according to the slow-feeding programme laid eggs with greater G compared to those managed with the fast-feeding programme, but there was no effect of feeding programme on progeny bone traits at hatching. 6. Eggs from breeders given more FS at photostimulation had greater G than those from breeders provided with similar FS. Maternal FS change did not influence hatchling yolk-free BW; however, breeders given more FS produced progeny with heavier tibias and shanks and longer femurs compared with those provided with similar FS, but only when breeders were fed on maize. Moreover, increased maternal FS at photostimulation was associated with an increased RA of femur length in the progeny. 7. It was concluded that breeder FS change at photostimulation influenced eggshell conductance and consistently affected bone development of the broiler progeny.}, number={3}, journal={British Poultry Science}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Eusebio-Balcazar, P. and Oviedo-Rondón, E.O. and Wineland, M.J. and Pérez Serrano, M. and Brake, J.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={380–390} }
 @article{leksrisompong_romero-sanchez_oviedo-rondon_brake_2014, title={Effects of feeder space allocations during rearing, female strain, and feed increase rate from photostimulation to peak egg production on broiler breeder female performance}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2013-03219}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to determine if there were differences in female broiler breeder performance of 2 strains that had been subjected to 2 feeder space allocations during the growing period followed by 2 feeding to peak programs. Ross 308 and 708 pullets were reared with a single feeding program to 23 wk of age and with 2 circumferential feeder space allocations (5.3 cm/female or 7.0 cm/female) and then assigned to 2 feed increase programs (slow or fast) from photostimulation to peak egg production. The flock was moved to the laying house with 8.8 cm/female of female feeder space and photostimulated at 23 wk of age when Ross 344 males were added to create 16 pens with 60 females and 7 males each in a 2 × 2 × 2 design. The fast feed increase program significantly increased female BW at 31 wk of age, which could have contributed to an increased female mortality during the summer weather of early lay. The 708 females with 5.3 cm/female feeder space produced smaller eggs at 28 and 30 wk of age. The 708 females exhibited better fertile hatchability than 308 females due to fewer late dead embryos. There were no differences in egg production, fertility, or fertile hatchability due to the main effects of feeding to peak program or growing feeder space, but the slow feed increase from photostimulation to peak production reduced cumulative mortality.}, number={5}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Leksrisompong, N. and Romero-Sanchez, H. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Brake, J.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={1045–1052} }
 @article{eusebio-balcazar_leksrisompong_brake_oviedo-rondón_2014, title={Effects of feeding programme and feeder space change at photo-stimulation using maize- or wheat-based diet on growth and reproductive performance of female broiler breeders}, volume={55}, ISSN={0007-1668 1466-1799}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2014.888395}, DOI={10.1080/00071668.2014.888395}, abstractNote={Abstract 1. This study was carried out to determine the effects of breeder feeding programme to 29 weeks of age, and feeder space change at photo-stimulation using two sources of grain on breeder hen reproductive efficiency and egg characteristics. 2. Fast-feathering Cobb 500 pullet broiler breeders were housed in 16 pens of 81 females each during rearing, and fed on either maize- or wheat-based diet, formulated to have similar nutrient composition. Two feeding programmes, Fast and Slow, were used from 14 to 29 weeks of age. At 22 weeks of age, 69 females that represented the body weight (BW) distribution from each pen were placed in a layer house where feeder space either remained very similar (from 6.3 to 6.5 cm/female) or was increased (from 6.3 to 8.4 cm/female). Breeder growth performance, reproductive efficiency and egg characteristics were evaluated. 3. Data were analysed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with diet type, feeding programme and feeder space change as the main factors. The main effects of the treatments were found but there were no treatment interactions. 4. Breeders fed on wheat were consistently heavier than breeders fed on maize from 10 to 52 weeks of age and exhibited greater hen mortality during the layer phase. Breeders fed on wheat diets exhibited improved egg production while laying eggs with a greater yolk:albumen ratio compared to the maize group. 5. The Fast feeding programme increased female mortality and increased BW during the layer phase. Breeders fed according to the Slow feeding programme had better fertility, and laid eggs with lower percentage eggshell that might be associated with the lower early embryonic mortality observed in these hens as compared with the Fast feeding programme. 6. Breeders having increased feeder space at photo-stimulation matured earlier and produced more eggs compared to breeders with no change in feeder space. 7. It was concluded that the feeding of wheat, the use of the Slow feeding programme and an increase in feeder space improved some aspects of hen productivity and egg characteristics.}, number={2}, journal={British Poultry Science}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Eusebio-Balcazar, P. and Leksrisompong, N. and Brake, J. and Oviedo-Rondón, E.O.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={253–263} }
 @article{da costa_grimes_oviedo-rondón_barasch_evans_dalmagro_nixon_2014, title={Footpad dermatitis severity on turkey flocks and correlations with locomotion, litter conditions, and body weight at market age1}, volume={23}, ISSN={1537-0437 1056-6171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2013-00848}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2013-00848}, abstractNote={Abstract Footpad dermatitis (FPD) and walking ability are both parameters used on poultry welfare audits. One survey was conducted to determine the correlation between FPD severity, gait score (GS), BW, and litter condition on turkeys at market age. A total of 41 commercial tom flocks of 16 to 19 wk of age were evaluated. On each visit, 50 toms were selected, weighed, and evaluated for GS and FPD. Litter score (LS) was also recorded according to moisture content and caking. Data analyses consisted of pairwise correlations and 3 separate multiple linear regression models using FPD, GS, and BW as response variables. Fixed effects included LS, season, FPD, GS, and BW. Based on pairwise correlations, FPD was correlated with LS, BW, GS, and age. Gait score was correlated with LS, BW, and age. Body weight was correlated with LS. With multiple linear regression analysis it was observed that LS and BW were the parameters that were associated the most with FPD severity and GS. As litter condition worsened and BW increased, FPD and GS worsened. Moreover, a seasonal effect was observed on both FPD and GS. Colder seasons, winter and autumn, were associated with increased FPD severity and GS. A negative effect of FPD and GS was observed on BW. In conclusion, FPD and GS are correlated with BW at market age and litter condition is a major factor in FPD development and walking ability in turkeys.}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Da Costa, M. J. and Grimes, J. L. and Oviedo-Rondón, E. O. and Barasch, I. and Evans, C. and Dalmagro, M. and Nixon, J.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={268–279} }
 @article{shah_oviedo-rondon_grimes_westerman_campeau_2013, title={Acidifier dosage effects on inside ammonia concentrations in roaster houses}, volume={29}, DOI={10.13031/aea.29.9904}, abstractNote={Abstract. Ammonia (NH 3 ) in broiler houses can degrade bird performance. Acidifier such as, sodium bisulfate (SBS) applied to litter inside broiler houses can reduce NH 3 release and thus improve bird performance. While there are multiple studies on acidifier effects on inside NH 3 concentrations in broiler houses, there are no studies in roaster houses where big broiler birds are grown for 8 to 12 wk. The impact of different SBS application rates - High (1.46 kg/m 2 , whole house), Medium (0.73 kg/m 2 , whole house), Low (0.49 kg/m 2 , whole house), and Control (0.49 kg/m 2 , brood chamber) on inside NH 3 concentrations was evaluated over six flocks of roaster chickens (~4 kg ea.). Ammonia concentrations were measured with acid scrubbers that sampled air at two locations (mid-house, end-house) 0.15 m above the litter. Inside NH 3 concentrations were much higher in the cool-season versus warm-season flocks. Generally, higher acidifier application rates provided better NH 3 suppression. Ammonia concentrations were ≤10 ppm during brooding, as well as for the entire duration of most warm-weather flocks with the High and Medium treatments. In the Low treatment, NH 3 concentrations were ≤25 ppm during brooding but approached or exceeded 25 ppm with the Control treatment. During brooding, the High, Medium, and Low treatments resulted in significantly lower mid-house NH 3 concentrations of 3, 6, and 14 ppm, respectively, versus the Control treatment (24 ppm). For a 62-d flock, mid-house NH 3 concentrations were significantly lower in the High and Medium treatments versus the Control treatment; concentrations in the High, Medium, and Low treatments were reduced by 47%, 32%, and 20%, respectively, versus the Control treatment.}, number={4}, journal={Applied Engineering in Agriculture}, author={Shah, Sanjay and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Grimes, J. L. and Westerman, P. W. and Campeau, D.}, year={2013}, pages={573–580} }
 @article{shah_westerman_grimes_oviedo-rondon_campeau_2013, title={Ancillary effects of different acidifier application rates in roaster houses}, volume={22}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2012-00693}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2012-00693}, abstractNote={SUMMARY High ammonia levels in broiler houses can reduce bird performance. Broiler producers commonly use acidifiers to reduce ammonia build-up. In addition to improving broiler performance, acidifiers can also provide other ancillary benefits such as reducing propane and electricity use and increasing cake (caked litter) N content. In this 2-yr study involving 9 flocks, 4 levels of an acidifier (sodium bisulfate) were applied to commercial roaster houses in eastern North Carolina. The control treatment had a sodium bisulfate application rate of up to 0.1 lb/ft2 to the brood chamber, whereas the high, medium, and low treatments had application rates of up to 0.3, 0.15, and 0.1 lb/ft2, respectively, to the whole house. No treatment effect was observed on propane or electricity use. However, compared with published studies involving smaller broilers, roasters required lesser amounts of propane and electricity. Linear regressions of propane and electricity use as a function of ambient temperature may help with decision making in roaster production. Brooding accounted for 88% of propane consumption. Reduced pH in the high treatment compared with the other treatments led to significantly higher ammonium concentration in the cake.}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Shah, S. B. and Westerman, P. W. and Grimes, J. L. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Campeau, D.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={565–573} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_leandro_ali_koci_moraes_brake_2013, title={Broiler breeder feeding programs and trace minerals on maternal antibody transfer and broiler humoral immune response1}, volume={22}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2012-00708}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2012-00708}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Breeder feed restriction may negatively affect broiler progeny immunity. Sources of trace minerals (TM) with higher bioavailability in breeder diets have been reported to enhance humoral and cellular immunity in broiler progeny. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of breeder feeding programs and TM dietary sources on maternal antibody transfer and humoral immune response of progeny to a live vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Cobb 500 breeders were fed according to 2 feed allocation programs, sigmoid late fast and sigmoid late slow, from 14 to 29 wk of age. From 56 to 62 wk of age, breeders were fed with either inorganic TM or an organic source (OTM) to replace 30% of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Progeny broilers were vaccinated intraocularly with La Sota NDV vaccine at 7 d of age. Blood samples were collected at hatching, 4, and 14 d postvaccination. Serum antibody levels against NDV were assessed by ELISA and cytokine expression by real time PCR. At hatching, late slow breeder progeny fed diets with 30% OTM had higher antibody titers as compared with progeny of breeders fed 100% inorganic TM. Similar results were observed 2 wk postvaccination. Breeder feeding programs and TM sources affected the expression level of IL-4 in NDV vaccinated broiler progeny. It was concluded that breeder feeding programs influenced humoral immune response to NDV vaccine in the broiler progeny, and 30% OTM may increase these responses.}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Leandro, N. M. and Ali, R. and Koci, M. and Moraes, V. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={499–510} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_shah_grimes_westerman_campeau_2013, title={Live performance of roasters raised in houses receiving different acidifier application rates}, volume={22}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2012-00716}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2012-00716}, abstractNote={SUMMARY The reutilization of litter is currently a common practice in broiler production due to several environmental and economic factors. The application of litter amendments in broiler houses is a popular practice that can reduce ammonia emissions from recycled litter by converting them to nonvolatile ammonium. Sodium bisulfate (SBS) is one of the acidifiers frequently used in broiler houses. Broilers raised to 9 wk may require higher acidifier application rates to prevent unhealthy NH3 levels throughout the flock than broilers raised to smaller sizes. A study with 6 flocks of roasters was conducted under commercial conditions to evaluate 4 levels of SBS. In a farm with 8 houses, 4 treatments were evaluated. In the control treatment 0.49 kg/m 2 of SBS was applied to the brood chamber, whereas the low, medium, and high treatments received 0.49, 0.73, and 1.46 kg/m 2 , respectively, in the whole house. Data were obtained as the average of 2 houses with approximately 21,000 broilers per house in each of the 6 flocks evaluated. Results indicated no significant differences due to treatments on final average BW, FCR, mortality, or the majority of condemnation parameters. The significant reductions in NH3 levels observed in the whole flock across all 6 flocks receiving SBS treatments did not significantly improve broiler live performance or affect condemnations at the processing plant.}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Shah, S. B. and Grimes, J. L. and Westerman, P. W. and Campeau, D.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={922–928} }
 @article{shah_grimes_oviedo-rondon_westerman_campeau_2013, title={Nitrogen mass balance in commercial roaster houses receiving different acidifier application rates}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2012-00704}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Broiler production has the potential to cause water and air pollution. Acidifiers such as sodium bisulfate (SBS) can reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions from broiler houses; NH3 is an important air pollutant that also affects bird health. Due to their longer grow-outs, roasters may require higher acidifier application rates to prevent unhealthy NH3 levels during the flock than ordinary broilers. Changes in NH3 emission with acidifier use may affect the partitioning of the input nitrogen (N) among the different N output pathways. Accounting for these output pathways through N mass balance provides a complete picture of N as it cycles through the roaster house. In a 2-yr study involving 9 flocks of roasters, 4 levels of SBS were applied to the litter in commercial roaster houses. Whereas the control treatment received up to 0.49 kg/ m 2 to the brood chamber, the high, medium, and low treatments received up to 1.46, 0.73, and 0.49 kg/m 2 , respectively, to the whole house. Ammonia-N emission decreased and N removed in cake and litter increased with SBS application rate. Nitrogen output components were averaged over the 4 treatments and expressed as percent of total N input or per unit mass of live weight (LW). Ammonia-N emission during grow-out, bird N exported, and cake and litter N removed accounted for 17.3% or 11.2 g/kg of LW, 38.9% or 25.1 g/kg of LW, and 22.4% or 14.4 g/kg of LW, respectively. We accounted for 79.1% of the total N inputs, with NH3-N losses during layout probably constituting the bulk of the unaccounted N. In addition to uncertainties in measurements of inputs and outputs, other factors that limited the ability to close the N mass balance were exclusion of feathers during cake and litter sampling, soil N leaching, and nitrous oxide emissions.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Shah, S. B. and Grimes, J. L. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Westerman, P. W. and Campeau, D.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={539–550} }
 @article{kley_oviedo-ron_dowd_hume_nalian_2012, title={Effect of Eimeria Infection on Cecal Microbiome of Broilers Fed Essential Oils}, volume={11}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2012.747.755}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2012.747.755}, abstractNote={Coccidiosis causes mucosal damage and predisposes birds to enteropathogen infection. In this study pyrosequencing was used to evaluate effects of coccidiosis on the intestinal microflora of broilers given diets without feed additives or supplemented with either a growth promotant antibiotic and an ionophore, or two essential oil blends. DNA samples were collected from the cecal contents of broilers before (19 d) and after (26 d) infection with mixed Eimeria spp. (E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella). A 454 FLX pyrosequencer and 16S universal primers were used to obtain quantitative profiles of bacterial taxa present in each sample. The relative percent abundance of the identified taxa was analyzed using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. Samples from pre-infected broilers were dominated by bacterial species belonging to genera Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium. Post-infection samples were dominated by species from the genera Escherichia/Shigella and acteroides. Eimeria infection did not significantly affect the richness of the microbial communities but rather its composition. The composition of the cecal microbiome correlated with the average feed conversion ratio. The methodology used in this study proved effective in understanding the effects of coccidia infection on intestinal microflora of broilers raised on diets supplemented with growth promoting antibiotics, ionophores and essential oils.}, number={12}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Kley, M.A. Martynova-Van and Oviedo-Ron, E.O. and Dowd, S.E. and Hume, M. and Nalian, A.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={747–755} }
 @article{barbosa_sakomura_bonato_hauschild_oviedo-rondon_2012, title={Exogenous enzymes in broilers fed diets: Performance}, volume={42}, number={8}, journal={Ciencia Rural}, author={Barbosa, N. A. A. and Sakomura, N. K. and Bonato, M. A. and Hauschild, L. and Oviedo-Rondon, E.}, year={2012}, pages={1497–1502} }
 @article{santos_santos_oviedo-ron_ferket_2012, title={Influence of Housing System on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Salmonella-challenged Broiler Chickens}, volume={2}, ISSN={2152-2111}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/crpsaj.2012.1.10}, DOI={10.3923/crpsaj.2012.1.10}, number={1}, journal={Current Research in Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Santos, F.B.O. and Santos, A.A. and Oviedo-Ron, E.O. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={1–10} }
 @article{hume_hernandez_barbosa_sakomura_dowd_oviedo-rondon_2012, title={Molecular Identification and Characterization of Ileal and Cecal Fungus Communities in Broilers Given Probiotics, Specific Essential Oil Blends, and Under Mixed Eimeria Infection}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1556-7125"]}, DOI={10.1089/fpd.2011.1093}, abstractNote={Broiler digestive tract fungal communities have gained far less scrutiny than that given corresponding bacterial communities. Attention given poultry-associated fungi have focused primarily on feed-associated toxin-producers, yeast, and yeast products. The current project focused on the use of pyrosequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to identify and monitor broiler digestive fungal communities. Eight different treatments were included. Four controls were an Uninfected-Unmedicated Control, an Unmedicated-Infected Control, the antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate plus the ionophore monensin as Positive Control, and the ionophore monensin alone as a Negative Control. Four treatments were two probiotics (BC-30 and Calsporin) and two specific essential oil blends (Crina Poultry Plus and Crina Poultry AF). All chickens except the Unmedicated-Uninfected Control were given, at 15 days of age, a standard oral Eimeria inoculum of sporulated oocysts. Ileal and cecal digesta were collected at pre-Eimeria infection at 14 days of age and at 7 days post-Eimeria infection at 22 days of age. Extracted cecal DNA was analyzed by pyrosequencing to examine the impact of diet supplements and Eimeria infection on individual constituents in the fungal community, while DGGE was used to compare more qualitative changes in ileal and cecal communities. Pyrosequencing identified three phyla, seven classes, eight orders, 13 families, 17 genera, and 23 fungal species. Ileal and cecal DGGE patterns showed fungal communities were clustered mainly into pre- and post-infection patterns. Post-infection Unmedicated-Uninfected patterns were clustered with pre-infection groups demonstrating a strong effect of Eimeria infection on digestive fungal populations. These combined techniques offered added versatility towards unraveling the effects of enteropathogen infection and performance enhancing feed additives on broiler digestive microflora.}, number={9}, journal={FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE}, author={Hume, Michael E. and Hernandez, Charles A. and Barbosa, Nei A. and Sakomura, Nilva K. and Dowd, Scott E. and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={853–860} }
 @article{moraes_oviedo-rondon_leandro_wineland_malheiros_eusebio-balcazar_2011, title={Broiler breeder trace mineral nutrition and feeding practices on embryo progeny development}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1758-1567"]}, DOI={10.3184/175815511x13147937995611}, abstractNote={ This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of breeder feeding programme, feeder space change from rearing to lay, and trace mineral (TM) source on the development of embryo progeny. Cobb 500 broiler breeders were raised in a blackout pullet house. At 23 weeks, females that represented the body weight (BW) distribution from each pen were transferred to a laying house divided into pens with either same or more feeder space than in rearing. From 14 to 29 weeks, either a late fast or a late slow FP was used. Breeders were fed corn based diets during rearing and lay and from 56 to 62 weeks of age, these diets contained either 100% inorganic TM or an organic TM source to replace 30% of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Embryo BW, residual yolk, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development from 19 to 21 days of incubation were evaluated in 62-weeks-old breeder offspring. Allometric coefficients were determined for each GIT component. All possible interactions of this 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design were evaluated at each embryo age. Results indicated treatment effects on relative weights of GIT organs for only two-way and main effects. Allometric coefficients suggested that progeny of breeders fed diets with 100% inorganic TM or according to late fast (LF) had faster development of gizzard + proventriculus and gut, respectively. In breeder feeding practices and TM nutrition may affect GIT development of embryo progeny. }, number={3}, journal={AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH}, author={Moraes, Vera M. B. and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Leandro, Nadja S. M. and Wineland, Michael J. and Malheiros, Ramon D. and Eusebio-Balcazar, Pamela}, year={2011}, pages={122–132} }
 @article{leandro_ali_koci_moraes_malheiros_wineland_oviedo-rondon_2011, title={Effects of broiler breeder genetic, diet type, and feeding program on maternal antibody transfer and development of lymphoid tissues in chicken progeny}, volume={20}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2010-00268}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2010-00268}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Maternal antibody (MatAb) transfer is important for early chicken survivability. Diet composition and the amount of feed given to breeder pullets during rearing may affect the development of immunity and the transfer of MatAb to progeny, and could affect progeny performance and resistance to disease. The effects of broiler breeder nutrition and feeding management practices were evaluated for the transfer of MatAb to progeny and for spleen and bursa development at hatching in 2 genetic strains (A and B). In this experiment, the levels of MatAb against Newcastle disease virus were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in serum samples taken of pedigreed chicken progeny from hatching to 13 d of age. Chickens were fed corn- and wheat-based diets, as were their parents. The breeder feeding program and diet type altered the Newcastle disease virus MatAb found in progeny at hatching and affected how long these antibodies were maintained in circulation. Bursal follicle size at hatching was influenced by an interaction among all factors evaluated. Percentage of white pulp in the spleen was affected mainly by genetic strain and diet type, but responses varied according to the breeder feeding program. It was concluded that breeder feeding programs influence MatAb transfer and half-life, and may also affect the early development of lymphoid tissues.}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Leandro, N. M. and Ali, R. and Koci, M. and Moraes, V. and Malheiros, R. D. and Wineland, M. J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={474–484} }
 @article{arruda barbosa_sakomura_oviedo-rondon_bonato_kawauchi_dari_kochenborger fernandes_2011, title={Mannanoligosaccharides in diets for broilers}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1678-4596"]}, DOI={10.1590/s0103-84782011001200021}, abstractNote={Objetivou-se avaliar dietas contendo mananoligossacarídeos (MOS) como aditivo alternativo aos promotores de crescimento por meio do estudo da morfometria do intestino e do desempenho de frangos de corte. Para tanto, 1280 pintos de corte foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (controle negativo, CN: dieta isenta de antibiótico; controle positivo, CP: dieta contendo antibiótico e duas dietas, MOS 1 e MOS 2, nas quais foram adicionadas ao CN duas fontes distintas de MOS) e oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental composta por 40 aves. Para submeter as aves ao desafio sanitário, foi formulada uma dieta basal com milho, farelo de soja e farinha de carne e ossos. Adotou-se cama reutilizada, limpeza dos bebedouros duas vezes por semana e oferta semanal de água contaminada com cama. Foram avaliadas altura de vilo e profundidade de cripta do duodeno, jejuno e íleo, consumo da dieta, peso médio, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar das aves. Houve melhora na profundidade de cripta no jejuno e na altura de vilo no íleo das aves alimentadas com dietas contendo MOS. A adição de MOS, independente da fonte, resultou em melhor conversão alimentar em relação às aves do CN, sendo similares às aves do CP. Os mananoligossacarídeos podem ser utilizados como aditivo alternativo aos promotores de crescimento em dietas para frangos de corte, porém, dependendo da fonte, esta pode acarretar em pequenas diferenças no desempenho das aves.}, number={12}, journal={CIENCIA RURAL}, author={Arruda Barbosa, Nei Andre and Sakomura, Nilva Kazue and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar Orlando and Bonato, Melina Aparecida and Kawauchi, Iris Mayumi and Dari, Ronnie Luiz and Kochenborger Fernandes, Joao Batista}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={2171–2176} }
 @article{leandro_ali_koci_moraes_eusebio-balcazar_jornigan_malheiros_wineland_brake_oviedo-rondon_2011, title={Maternal antibody transfer to broiler progeny varies among strains and is affected by grain source and cage density}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81555201984&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2011-01573}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of broiler breeder dietary grain source and cage density on maternal antibody (MatAb) transfer to progeny in 2 genetic strains (A and B). Broiler breeders were assigned to 16 litter floor pens and fed either corn- or wheat-based diets. Breeders were administered 4 live vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). At 23 wk of age, pullets and cocks, which reflected the full BW distribution from each treatment, were moved to a cage breeder house and placed at 1 or 2 hens/cage. Breeders were artificially inseminated at 44 wk (experiment 1) and 52 wk of age (experiment 2). Eggs were collected for 8 d, incubated, and placed in individual pedigree bags at d 19 of incubation. Blood samples from 5 chicks per treatment combination were collected at hatch in both experiments. Spleen and bursa were collected from the same chicks for histomorphometry analyses in experiment 2. In the second experiment, 12 chicks per treatment were placed in cages. Progeny were provided diets based on the same grain (corn or wheat) as their parents. Serum samples were collected at 5, 9, and 13 d of age and analyzed for anti-NDV MatAb. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design considering strain, dietary grain source, and cage density as main factors. Interaction effects were observed in breeders and progeny. Experiment 1 showed that strain A chicks had lower levels of MatAb when hens were housed at 2 hens/cage rather than 1 hen/cage. The MatAb levels of strain B chickens were not affected by cage density in either experiment. Experiment 2 demonstrated similar effects of cage density on MatAb levels and the area of bursa follicles for both strains. Progeny of breeders fed corn-based diets had smaller spleen white pulp only when hens were housed at 2 hens/cage compared with 1 hen/cage. The results of these experiments suggest that breeder strain and cage-density conditions affected MatAb transfer to progeny and embryo development of spleen and bursa.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Leandro, N. M. and Ali, R. and Koci, M. and Moraes, V. and Eusebio-Balcazar, P. E. and Jornigan, J. and Malheiros, R. D. and Wineland, M. J. and Brake, J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={2730–2739} }
 @article{hume_barbosa_dowd_sakomura_nalian_kley_oviedo-rondon_2011, title={Use of Pyrosequencing and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis to Examine the Effects of Probiotics and Essential Oil Blends on Digestive Microflora in Broilers Under Mixed Eimeria Infection}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1556-7125"]}, DOI={10.1089/fpd.2011.0863}, abstractNote={A protective digestive microflora helps prevent and reduce broiler infection and colonization by enteropathogens. In the current experiment, broilers fed diets supplemented with probiotics and essential oil (EO) blends were infected with a standard mixed Eimeria spp. to determine effects of performance enhancers on ileal and cecal microbial communities (MCs). Eight treatment groups included four controls (uninfected-unmedicated [UU], unmedicated-infected, the antibiotic BMD plus the ionophore Coban as positive control, and the ionophore as negative control), and four treatments (probiotics BC-30 and Calsporin; and EO, Crina Poultry Plus, and Crina PoultryAF). Day-old broilers were raised to 14 days in floor pens on used litter and then were moved to Petersime batteries and inoculated at 15 days with mixed Eimeria spp. Ileal and cecal samples were collected at 14 days and 7 days postinfection. Digesta DNA was subjected to pyrosequencing for sequencing of individual cecal bacteria and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for determination of changes in ileal and cecal MC according to percentage similarity coefficient (%SC). Pyrosequencing is very sensitive detecting shifts in individual bacterial sequences, whereas DGGE is able to detect gross shifts in entire MC. These combined techniques offer versatility toward identifying feed additive and mild Eimeria infection modulation of broiler MC. Pyrosequencing detected 147 bacterial species sequences. Additionally, pyrosequencing revealed the presence of relatively low levels of the potential human enteropathogens Campylobacter sp. and four Shigella spp. as well as the potential poultry pathogen Clostridiun perfringens. Pre- and postinfection changes in ileal (56%SC) and cecal (78.5%SC) DGGE profiles resulted from the coccidia infection and with increased broiler age. Probiotics and EO changed MC from those seen in UU ilea and ceca. Results potentially reflect the performance enhancement above expectations in comparison to broilers not given the probiotics or the specific EO blends as feed supplements.}, number={11}, journal={FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE}, author={Hume, Michael E. and Barbosa, Nei A. and Dowd, Scot E. and Sakomura, Nilva K. and Nalian, Armen G. and Kley, Alexandra Martynova-Van and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={1159–1167} }
 @article{li_wang_oviedo-rondon_parnell_2010, title={Effect of ozonation on particulate matter in broiler houses}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77958110285&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2010-00712}, abstractNote={The effects of ozonation on particulate matter were studied on a commercial broiler farm. The farm consisted of 4 identical tunnel-ventilated houses (12.8×152.4 m): 2 houses were treated with O3 (maximum concentration 0.1 ppm) and the other 2 served as control units. The particle size distributions of total suspended particulate (TSP) samples from both control and treated houses were found to have very similar profiles with no statistical difference. The TSP concentrations were significantly higher in treated houses as compared with those in control houses, and the mean of the differences was 5.50 mg/m3. In both treated and control houses, there were substantial vertical TSP concentration gradients and the concentrations decreased with height. At broiler chicken height (0.28 m), TSP concentrations were 13±3 mg/m3 in control houses and 17±2 mg/m3 in treated houses. At human breathing height (1.55 m), TSP concentrations were 8±4 mg/m3 in control houses and 7±2 mg/m3 in treated houses. Particle phase NH4+ concentrations were higher in treated houses (ranging from 0.59 to 42.01 mg/m3 with mean=17.49 mg/m3) than in control houses (ranging from 0.34 to 13.55 mg/m3 with mean=4.42 mg/m3). The TSP samples from locations in the vicinity of the farm showed higher concentrations downwind than that upwind, but there were no significant differences observed among different ambient locations for TSP NH4+ concentrations. The results from this study did not show that direct application of ozonation technique has beneficial effects for particulate matter control in broiler houses.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Li, Q. and Wang, L. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. and Parnell, C. B.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={2052–2062} }
 @article{wang_oviedo-rondon_small_liu_sheldon_havenstein_williams_2010, title={Farm-Scale Evaluation of Ozonation for Mitigating Ammonia Concentrations in Broiler Houses}, volume={60}, ISSN={["2162-2906"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955613072&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3155/1047-3289.60.7.789}, abstractNote={Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of in-house ozonation within the public health standard limit (0.1 parts per million [ppm]) for mitigating ammonia (NH3) concentrations inside commercial broiler houses. The project was conducted in four identical tunnel-ventilated houses. Two houses served as treatment and the other two served as control units. The experiment was replicated in five consecutive flocks. Except for ozonation treatment, all other operational parameters including feed, broiler strain, age and number of broilers, and ventilation system were the same among four houses. NH3 and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the treatment and control houses were measured for a minimum of 48 hr/week throughout the five flocks of 8 or 9 weeks each. The gas measurements were conducted using portable multigas units (PMUs). House temperatures were recorded with data loggers in each flock. Comparison of temperatures and CO2 concentrations among houses indicated no significant differences in ventilation rates among treatment and control houses in any of the five flocks. As a result, comparisons of NH3 concentrations inside houses were used to evaluate the effectiveness of house ozonation for NH3 emission mitigation. Statistical test of mean NH3 concentrations for each flock separated by house indicated that the house-to-house variation was significantly smaller than the flock-to-flock variation. There was a substantial variation in NH3 concentrations across different flocks, but no house had consistently higher or lower mean NH3 concentrations than any other. Evaluations for differences in mean NH3 from week to week, between treatment groups, and differences in week-to-week variations between treatment groups suggested that ozone effect was not uniform for each week and the effect was not statistically significant for any week. Tests of overall ozone treatment effect and treatment-week interaction indicated there was no difference in mean NH3 between the control and ozone treatment groups (P = 0.25), nor was the week effect different for control and treatment groups (P = 0.46). The results of this field evaluation indicate that there was no statistical evidence to suggest that the ozone treatment has any effect on average NH3 concentrations in these chicken houses.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION}, author={Wang, Lingjuan and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Small, John and Liu, Zifei and Sheldon, Brian W. and Havenstein, Gerald B. and Williams, C. Mike}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={789–796} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_hume_barbosa_sakomura_weber_wilson_2010, title={Ileal and caecal microbial populations in broilers given specific essential oil blends and probiotics in two consecutive grow-outs}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1758-1567"]}, DOI={10.3184/175815511x12919853724050}, abstractNote={ Specific essential oil (EO) blends and probiotics used as feed additives have been shown to promote healthy digestive microbials resulting in improved poultry production. Two consecutive experiments were conducted with broilers fed cornsoybean meal diets to determine comparative effects of feed additives on ileal and caecal microbial populations (MP). Ross 708 broilers were placed in 84 pens with previously used litter and treatments maintained in the same pens for both experiments. Eight treatment groups were fed diets containing: Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) as positive control (PC); no additives as negative control (NC); three probiotics: BC-30; BioPlus 2B (B2B); and Calsporin; and the essential oil blends Crina Poultry Plus (CPP) at 300 or 150 ppm in the first experiment; and CPP at 300 ppm and Crina Poultry AF at 100 ppm in experiment 2. Starter and grower diets contained the ionophore (Coban). Ileal and caecal samples were collected at 43 days of age from male broilers. The DNA of microbial populations was isolated from digesta samples and analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to generate percentage similarity coefficients (%SC) from band pattern dendrograms. Differences were observed in ileal and caecal populations depending on treatment, respectively, and especially between experiments. Broilers fed diets with probiotics had very similar MP. The EO CPP at 300 ppm resulted in ileal MP similar to those observed in chickens fed probiotics. We concluded that antibiotic treatment affected ileal, but no caecal MP. More pronounced changes in ileal and caecal MP were seen in broilers at 43 days of age following probiotic and essential oil treatments. }, number={4}, journal={AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Hume, Michael E. and Barbosa, Nei A. and Sakomura, Nilva K. and Weber, Gilbert and Wilson, Johnathan W.}, year={2010}, pages={157–169} }
 @article{rahimi_grimes_fletcher_oviedo_sheldon_2009, title={Effect of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac) on structure and ultrastructure of small intestine in turkey poults}, volume={88}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00272}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2008-00272}, abstractNote={The effects of dietary supplementation of the direct-fed microbial (DFM) Primalac in mash or crumbled feed on histological and ultrastructural changes of intestinal mucosa was determined in 2 populations of poults; 1 with and 1 without a Salmonella spp. challenge. Three hundred thirty-six 1-d-old female Large White turkey poults were randomly distributed into 8 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 7 poults in each pen. The poults were placed on 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (mash or crumble feed, with or without DFM, not-challenged or challenged at 3 d of age). The DFM groups were fed a Primalac-supplemented diet from d 1 until the last day of the experiment (d 21). At 3 d of age, 50% of the poults were challenged with 1 mL of 10(10) cfu/ mL of Salmonella spp. (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Salmonella Kentucky) by oral gavage. The inoculated poults were housed in a separate room from nonchallenged controls. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for all birds. At d 21, 1 poult per pen (total of 6 poults per treatment) was randomly selected and killed humanely by cervical dislocation. After necropsy, the small intestine was removed, and tissue samples from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken for light and electron microscopic evaluation. The DFM birds showed increased goblet cell (GC) numbers, total GC area, GC mean size, mucosal thickness, and a greater number of segmented filamentous bacteria compared with controls. Changes in intestinal morphology as observed in this study support the concept that poultry gut health and function, and ultimately bird performance, can be improved by dietary supplementation with DFM products such as Primalac as used in this study.}, number={3}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Rahimi, S. and Grimes, J. L. and Fletcher, O. and Oviedo, E. and Sheldon, B. W.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={491–503} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_wineland_small_cutchin_mcelroy_barri_martin_2009, title={Effect of incubation temperatures and chick transportation conditions on bone development and leg health}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2008-00135}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Bone development can be adversely affected by stressful environmental conditions early in life. One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of low temperature during early incubation, high temperature during late incubation, and transportation conditions from hatchery to the farm on the long bone development and leg health of broilers. Bone development was evaluated at hatch before transportation. Gait scores and leg health disorders were recorded at 41 d of age. Although incubation conditions did not affect chick BW, hot temperatures during late incubation reduced the relative weight of femurs and shanks. At 41 d, males had more leg problems than females. Late high temperature and transportation stress increased the incidence of crooked toes and the percentage of chickens with a gait score of 2. Transportation stress, including elevated temperature, caused a greater incidence of twisted legs. We concluded that low early incubation temperature, high late incubation temperature, and transportation stress can increase the incidence of leg problems in commercial broilers.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Wineland, M. J. and Small, J. and Cutchin, H. and McElroy, A. and Barri, A. and Martin, S.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={671–678} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_wineland_funderburk_small_cutchin_mann_2009, title={Incubation conditions affect leg health in large, high-yield broilers}, volume={18}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00127}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2008-00127}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Leg problems are observed in every flock of broilers, and they occur more frequently in heavy, fast-growing broilers. Factors such as genetics, growth rate, stressors, nutrition, and lighting programs can contribute to and change the prevalence of these problems in broiler production. Our previous research has shown that elevated incubation temperatures and oxygen concentrations below 21% during the last days of embryo development can negatively affect thyroid hormones, relative asymmetry and normal development of leg bones, and development of other tissues and organs that influence leg health and locomotion in broilers. This project evaluated the effects of incubation profiles on leg health of high-yielding broilers at 8 wk of age under commercial conditions. Eggs from the same breeder flocks were incubated in either single-stage or multistage machines. Hatchlings were placed in paired houses on the same farms, and at 56 d of age, leg health was evaluated. There was variability among farms and hatches: leg problems such as footpad dermatitis were more closely related to farm conditions, whereas valgus and especially hock burns were influenced by incubation conditions within each farm. However, this fieldwork demonstrated that proper incubation conditions improve broiler performance, especially in females (1.2%); may reduce leg health problems such as crooked toes; and may even improve locomotion.}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Wineland, M. J. and Funderburk, S. and Small, J. and Cutchin, H. and Mann, M.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={640–646} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_2009, title={Molecular methods to evaluate effects of feed additives and nutrients in poultry gut microflora}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1806-9290"]}, DOI={10.1590/S1516-35982009001300022}, abstractNote={Intestines of each animal are the niche of a complex and dynamic ecosystem with important effects to the host. The members or final products of this ecosystem influence nutrient digestion, absorption, mucosa metabolism, general physiology, and local and systemic immunological responses of avian hosts. Better understanding of the avian gut microbial ecosystem may lead to improvements on poultry productivity, health, welfare, and reduction of food borne pathogens and the environmental impact of poultry production for a more sustainable industry. Molecular methods of microbial ecology are key tools to gain this knowledge. The objective of this presentation is to outline the basic concepts, applications, advantages, limitations, and evolution of these molecular methods used to study intestinal microbial ecology. The final goal is to stimulate their application in poultry applied research and development of new feed additives. Some practical examples in poultry research will be described to illustrate their relevance to advance in control methods for pathogens, avoid or manage disbiosis or subclinical intestinal diseases, reduce environmental impact, elucidate effects of nutrients in gut mucosa, microflora, and in general to improve poultry performance.}, journal={REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={209–225} }
 @article{ferket_oviedo-rondon_mente_bohorquez_santos_grimes_richards_dibner_felts_2009, title={Organic trace minerals and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol affect performance characteristics, leg abnormalities, and biomechanical properties of leg bones of turkeys}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2008-00200}, abstractNote={Leg problems and resulting mortality can exceed 1% per week in turkey toms starting at approximately 15 wk of age. Dietary supplementation of organic trace minerals (MIN) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (HyD) may improve performance, decrease incidence of leg abnormalities, and increase bone strength. Nicholas 85X700 toms were assigned to 4 treatments consisting of a factorial arrangement of 2 concentrations of MIN (0 and 0.1% of Mintrex P(Se), which adds 40, 40, 20, and 0.3 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Se, respectively) and 2 concentrations of HyD (0 and 92 microg/kg of HyD). Diets were formulated to be equal in nutrient content and fed ad libitum as 8 feed phases. Feed intake and BW were measured at 6, 12, 15, 17, and 20 wk of age. Valgus, varus, and shaky leg defects were determined at 12, 15, 17, and 20 wk of age. Tibia and femur biomechanical properties were evaluated by torsion and bending tests at 17 wk of age. There were no treatment effects on BW. Only MIN significantly improved feed conversion ratio through to 20 wk of age. Cumulative mortality at 3 wk of age was greater among the MIN birds, but it was lower by 20 wk (P = 0.085). The MIN decreased the incidence of varus defects at 17 wk of age; shaky leg at 12, 15, and 17 wk of age; and valgus defects at 15, 17, and 20 wk of age. There were no MIN x HyD interaction effects on individual gait problems. Maximum load and the bending stress required for tibias to break in a 4-point assay were increased with MIN supplementation, especially when HyD was also added. Maximum shear stress at failure of femoral bones in a torsion assay was increased by supplementation with both MIN and HyD together. Dietary supplementation of MIN and HyD may improve biomechanical properties of bones. Dietary MIN supplementation may improve feed conversion of turkeys, likely by decreasing leg problems.}, number={1}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Ferket, P. R. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Mente, P. L. and Bohorquez, D. V. and Santos, A. A., Jr. and Grimes, J. L. and Richards, J. D. and Dibner, J. J. and Felts, V.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={118–131} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_small_wineland_christensen_mozdziak_koci_funderburk_ort_mann_2008, title={Broiler embryo bone development is influenced by incubator temperature, oxygen concentration and eggshell conductance at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1466-1799"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57849128060&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/00071660802433149}, abstractNote={1. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature (TEM) and oxygen (O2) concentrations during the last 4 d of incubation on bone development. Fertile eggs from two strains were obtained that either exhibited Low or High eggshell conductance (G). 1The mention of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of the products mentioned nor criticism of similar products not mentioned. 2. Four experimental cabinets provided either four TEM (36, 37, 38 or 39°C) or four O2 concentrations (17, 19, 21 or 23% O2). Data were analysed as a 2 × 2 factorial design. In the fourth experiment, two temperatures (36 and 39°C), two O2 concentrations (17 and 23%) and the same Low and High G strains were evaluated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. 3. Body weights (BW) and residual yolks were obtained, both legs were dissected. Femur, tibia and shank weights, length and thickness were recorded. Relative asymmetry (RA) of each leg section was calculated. 4. The results indicated that elevated TEM during incubation increased RA between the two legs, mainly in the Low G strain. Chickens at the lowest O2 concentrations had lighter and shorter tibias, lighter shanks, and increased RA of femur length compared to chickens in the 23% O2. In the fourth experiment no interactions were observed between O2 and TEM. High TEM depressed BW of Low G broilers, but no significant effect of treatments was observed on BW of High G broilers. Nevertheless, the high TEM or low O2 independently caused reduced femur and tibia weights and length, shank length and thickness, and both low O2 and high TEM together increased RA in shank weight. 5. These results suggest that late incubation conditions affect long bone development in broilers.}, number={6}, journal={BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Small, J. and Wineland, M. J. and Christensen, V. L. and Mozdziak, P. S. and Koci, M. D. and Funderburk, S. V. L. and Ort, D. T. and Mann, K. M.}, year={2008}, pages={666–676} }
 @article{grimes_rahimi_oviedo_sheldon_santos_2008, title={Effects of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac) on turkey poult performance and susceptibility to oral Salmonella challenge}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2008-00498}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to determine 1) the effect of a dietary direct-fed microbial (DFM) on turkey poult performance, 2) the effect of a DFM on a Salmonella challenge, and 3) the effect of feed processing on the efficacy of the dietary DFM. Day-of-hatch Large White female poults were placed in 2 rooms in 2 Petersime batteries per room. Twelve pens of 7 birds each were used in each battery (24 pens per room, 336 birds total). One of 4 dietary feed treatments was assigned to each pen (6 pens per room for each diet). One room housed non-Salmonella-challenged poults, and the other room housed poults challenged with a 1-mL oral gavage of Salmonella (10(10) cfu/mL). A single batch of starter ration was split into 4 parts and used to provide 4 dietary treatments: 1) mash feed with no DFM (M), 2) mash feed with DFM (Primalac; 0.9 kg/tonne of feed, MD), 3) pelleted (20-s steam conditioning at 80 degrees C) and crumbled feed with no DFM (C), and 4) pelleted and crumbled feed with DFM (CD). Feed and deionized, distilled water were provided ad libitum. Data were collected and analyzed separately for each room. Mortality was recorded for each pen on a daily basis and totaled by week and for the 3-wk period. Individual BW and feed consumption, by pen, were measured weekly. Weekly and cumulative BW gains and feed to gain ratios (F:G) were calculated. Liver, spleen, total and lower intestinal tract weights, intestinal length, and most-probable-number Salmonella populations were determined for one randomly selected bird per pen. Feeding processed feed resulted in improved BW and F:G. Feeding the DFM improved 3-wk cumulative F:G in birds not gavaged and reduced relative intestinal weight in birds gavaged. Salmonella populations were reduced 1 log by feeding DFM. Dietary DFM improved bird performance, reduced Salmonella populations, and was not affected by feed processing.}, number={7}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Grimes, J. L. and Rahimi, S. and Oviedo, E. and Sheldon, B. W. and Santos, F. B. O.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={1464–1470} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_small_wineland_christensen_grimes_funderburk_ort_mann_2008, title={Effects of incubator temperature and oxygen concentration during the plateau stage of oxygen consumption on turkey embryo long bone development}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2007-00470}, abstractNote={Temperature (TEM) and O(2) concentrations during the plateau stage of oxygen consumption are known to affect yolk utilization, tissue development, and thyroid metabolism in turkey embryos. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate these incubation effects on long bone development. Fertile eggs of Nicholas turkeys were used. In each trial, standard incubation conditions were used to 24 d, when the eggs containing viable embryos were randomly divided into 4 groups. Four experimental cabinets provided 4 TEM (36, 37, 38, or 39 degrees C) or 4 O(2) concentrations (17, 19, 21, or 23% O(2)). In the third experiment, 2 temperatures (36 and 39 degrees C) and 2 O(2) concentrations (17 and 23%) were evaluated in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Body and residual yolk weights were obtained. Both legs were dissected, and shanks, femur, and tibia weights, length, and thickness were recorded. Relative asymmetry of each leg section was calculated. Chondrocyte density was evaluated in slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the presence of collagen type X and transforming growth factor beta. Hot TEM caused reduction of tibia weights and increase of shank weight when compared with cool TEM. The lengths of femur, tibia, and shanks were reduced by 39 degrees C. The relative asymmetry of leg weights were increased at 38 and 39 degrees C. Poult body and part weights were not affected by O(2) concentrations, but poults on 23% O(2) had bigger shanks and heavier tibias than the ones on 17% O(2). High TEM depressed the fluorescence of collagen type X and transforming growth factor beta. The O(2) concentrations did not consistently affect the immunofluorescence of these proteins. The chondrocyte density was affected by TEM and O(2) in resting and hypertrophic zones. In the third experiment, high TEM depressed BW, leg muscle weights, and shank length. Low O(2) reduced tibia and shanks as a proportion of the whole body. We concluded that incubation conditions affect long bone development in turkeys.}, number={8}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Small, J. and Wineland, M. J. and Christensen, V. L. and Grimes, J. L. and Funderburk, S. V. L. and Ort, D. T. and Mann, K. M.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={1484–1492} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_parker_clemente-hernandez_2007, title={Application of real-time ultrasound technology to estimate in vivo breast muscle weight of broiler chickens}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1466-1799"]}, DOI={10.1080/00071660701247822}, abstractNote={1. Real-time ultrasound (RTU) is a fast, non-destructive and relatively inexpensive technique to estimate body composition in animals. 2. A total of 835 Hubbard, Ross and Cobb broilers from different flocks were randomly selected, weighed and two RTU measurements were taken from both sides of their breast muscles (BM). Immediately following ultrasonography, broilers were processed and dissected to determine carcase, boneless BM, leg quarter and wing weights. Data were utilised to develop multiple linear regression equations (MLRE) to estimate carcase part weights. 3. Factors such as sex, age or genetic line did not contribute significantly to the accuracy of the models. The measurement in the right side was consistently more efficient than the left for estimating BM weight. 4. The following MLRE was estimated from live body weight (BW) and RTU area images: BM (g) = −94·3476 + 0·1518 * BW (g) + 5·1644 * BM-RTU area (cm2) (R 2 = 0·97). 5. Due to the allometric relationships among body parts the following equations were also estimated: Legs (g) = −56·6738 + 0·2846 * BW (g) + 2·1570 * BM-RTU area (cm2) (R 2 = 0·98) and Total Meat Cuts (g) = −142·0567 + 0·4638 * BW (g) + 5·1236 * BM-RTU area (cm2) (R 2 = 0·99). 6. The results indicated that it was possible to estimate BM and other carcase cut weights with high accuracy from RTU measurements.}, number={2}, journal={BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Parker, J. and Clemente-Hernandez, S.}, year={2007}, pages={154–161} }
 @article{christensen_j. wineland_l. grimes_o. oviedo_. mozdziak_t. ort_m. mann_2007, title={Effect of Incubator Temperature and Oxygen Concentration at the Plateau Stage in Oxygen Consumption on Turkey Embryo Muscle Growth and Development}, volume={6}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2007.406.412}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2007.406.412}, abstractNote={It was hypothesized that incubator temperature and oxygen concentration affect embryo muscle development. Turkey eggs were incubated until the 24th day of development. At the beginning of the 24th day, the eggs containing viable embryos were randomly divided into 4 groups immediately prior to the plateau stage in oxygen consumption. Four experimental cabinets accommodating approximately 100 eggs were used for the actual hatching process. Each cabinet operated at predetermined temperatures (TEM) and oxygen concentrations (O ) in a 2 TEM (36° and 39°C) x 2 O (17 and 23%) factorial arrangement. At 27 and 2 2 28 days of development, immediately following the plateau stage, 10 embryos or poults were sampled from each of the 4 cabinets. Blood was obtained following decapitation. From each carcass the pipping (musculus complexus), breast (pectoralis thoracicus) and thigh muscles (gastrocnemus) were collected. Muscles were placed into an appropriate volume of 7% perchloric acid preparatory to assaying for glycogen and lactate. Five birds were sampled for histological analyses of muscle fibers. Plasma Creatine Kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured. TEM and O affected muscle growth differently. High TEM 2 and O affected pipping and thigh muscle weights but not that of the breast muscle. Only TEM affected breast 2 muscle weights. Muscle function was affected differently when embryos were exposed to TEM and O . The 2 CK and LDH activities were also affected at 27 days 39°C causing elevated CK and LDH activities compared to 36°C. At 28 days, only CK was affected as 39°C elevated CK activity in the 23% oxygen environment but not in the 17% environment. Thus, incubator conditions may affect muscle development and function in poult embryos}, number={6}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Christensen, V.L. and J. Wineland, M. and L. Grimes, J. and O. Oviedo, E. and . Mozdziak, P.S and T. Ort, D. and M. Mann, K.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={406–412} }
 @article{liu_wang_beasley_oviedo_2007, title={Effect of moisture content on ammonia emissions from broiler litter: A laboratory study}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1573-0662"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548108638&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10874-007-9076-8}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Liu, Zifei and Wang, Lingjuan and Beasley, David and Oviedo, Edgar}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={41–53} }
 @article{parker_oviedo-rondon_clack_clemente-hernandez_osborne_remus_kettunen_makivuokko_pierson_2007, title={Enzymes as feed additive to aid in responses against Eimeria species in coccidia-vaccinated broilers fed corn-soybean meal diets with different protein levels}, volume={86}, number={4}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Parker, J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Clack, B. A. and Clemente-Hernandez, S. and Osborne, J. and Remus, J. C. and Kettunen, H. and Makivuokko, H. and Pierson, E. M.}, year={2007}, pages={643–653} }
 @article{hume_clemente-hernandez_oviedo-rondon_2006, title={Effects of Feed Additives and Mixed Eimeria Species Infection on Intestinal Microbial Ecology of Broilers}, volume={85}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.12.2106}, DOI={10.1093/ps/85.12.2106}, abstractNote={Evaluation of digestive microbial ecology is necessary to understand effects of growth-promoting feed. In the current study, the dynamics of intestinal microbial communities (MC) were examined in broilers fed diets supplemented with a combination of antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) and ionophore (Coban 60), and diets containing 1 of 2 essential oil (EO) blends, Crina Poultry (CP) and Crina Alternate (CA). Five treatments were analyzed: 1) unmedicated uninfected control; 2) unmedicated infected control; 3) feed additives monensin (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) + monensin (Coban 60; AI); 4) EO blend CP; and 5) EO blend CA. Additives were mixed into a basal feed mixture, and EO were adjusted to 100 ppm. Chicks were infected by oral gavage at 19 d of age with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. Duodenal, ileal, and cecal samples were taken from 12 birds per treatment just before and 7 d after challenge; 2 samples each were pooled to give a final number of 6 samples total; and all pooled samples were frozen until used for DNA extraction. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to examine PCR-amplified fragments of the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA variable region. Results are presented as percentages of similarity coefficients (SC). Dendrograms of PCR amplicon or band patterns indicated MC differences due to intestinal location, feed additives, and cocci challenge. Essential oil blends CP and CA affected MC in all gut sections. Each EO had different effects over MC, and they differed in most instances from the AI group. The cocci challenge caused drastic MC population shifts in duodenal, ileal, and cecal sections (36.7, 55.4, and 36.2% SC, respectively). Diets supplemented with CP supported higher SC between pre- and postchallenge MC (89.9, 83.3, and 76.4%) than AI (81.8., 57.4, and 60.0%). We concluded that mixed coccidia challenge caused drastic shifts in MC. These EO blends modulated MC better than AI, avoiding drastic shifts after a mixed challenge.}, number={12}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Hume, M. E. and Clemente-Hernandez, S. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={2106–2111} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_clemente-hernandez_salvador_williams_losa_2006, title={Essential Oils on Mixed Coccidia Vaccination and Infection in Broilers}, volume={5}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.723.730}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2006.723.730}, abstractNote={One trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two specific essential oil (EO) blends in broilers infected with viable oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. Eight treatments were evaluated which consisted of three controls, two unvaccinated treatments and three treatments vaccinated at day of hatch with Advent coccidia ® vaccine. The three controls were: 1) Unmedicated-Uninfected (UU), 2) Unmedicated-Infected (UI), and 3) antibiotic plus ionophore (AI). The two unvaccinated treatments were fed diets supplemented with either Crina POULTRY (CP) or Crina ALTERNATE (CA) at 100 ppm. Cocci-vaccinated treatments included one ® ® group fed diets without feed additives (WFA), and two fed diets supplemented with the two EO products (CP and CA) at the same concentration. At 19 d of age, all birds except those in the UU control were infected with E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. Lesion scores (LS) and oocyst counts (OC) were performed 7 d post-infection and anticoccidial indexes (ACI) were calculated. The non-cocci-vaccinated chickens fed the EO blend CA, and the cocci-vaccinated chickens fed WFA diets had similar feed conversion ratios to the UU broilers, 7 d post infection. The cocci-vaccinated chickens fed diets containing EO had lower relative BWG than the cocci vaccinated group fed WFA diets. The lowest OC was observed in vaccinated birds fed WFA diets. Under the conditions of this experiment, the dietary inclusion of EO blends may serve as an alternative to antibiotic and/or ionophores in mixed Eimeria spp. infections in non-cocci-vaccinated broilers, but no benefits of EO supplementation were observed for vaccinated broilers against coccidia.}, number={8}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E.O. and Clemente-Hernandez, S. and Salvador, F. and Williams, Peter and Losa, Riccardo}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={723–730} }
 @article{waldroup_oviedo-rondon_fritts_2006, title={Influence of Dietary Formulation Methods on Response to Arginine and Lysine in Diets for Young Broiler Chickens}, volume={5}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.1016.1022}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2006.1016.1022}, number={11}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Waldroup, P.W. and Oviedo-Rondon, E.O. and Fritts, C.A.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={1016–1022} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_hume_hernandez_clemente-hernandez_2006, title={Intestinal microbial ecology of broilers vaccinated and challenged with mixed Eimeria species, and supplemented with essential oil blends}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/85.5.854}, abstractNote={Intestinal microbiota is an important component in the development of defense mechanisms in the gut mucosa. This project determined the dynamics of intestinal microbial communities (MC) of broilers vaccinated at first day of age with live oocysts of Eimeria species and fed diets supplemented with 2 specific essential oil (EO) blends, Crina Poultry (CP) and Crina Alternate (CA). Five treatments were analyzed: 1) unmedicated-uninfected (UU) control; 2) unmedicated-infected (UI) control; 3) vaccinated with Advent cocci-vaccine and without feed additive (COV) supplements; 4) vaccinated with Advent and supplemented with CP; and 5) vaccinated with Advent and supplemented with CA. The EO blends were added at 100 ppm to the same basal diets. Chicks were gavage-infected at 19 d of age with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. Duodenal, ileal, and cecal samples were taken from 12 birds per treatment just before the infection and 7 d after the challenge, pooled in 6 samples, and frozen. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to examine PCR-amplified fragments of the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA variable region. Results are presented as percentages of similarity coefficients (SC). Dendrograms of amplicon patterns indicated MC differences due to intestinal location, feed additives, and cocci infection. The EO blends CP and CA did affect MC in all gut sections. The cocci-infection caused drastic MC population shifts in duodenal, ileal, and cecal sections (36.7, 55.4, and 36.2% SC, respectively). The CP-supplemented birds had higher SC between pre- and postchallenge MC in duodenal and ileal (73.3, 81.8%) than COV (66.4, 66.5%). However, COV broilers had the smallest changes in cecal MC after infection (79.5% SC). We concluded that cocci-vaccination causes small changes in intestinal MC, but challenge causes drastic shifts. The EO blend supplementation modulates MC in cocci-vaccinated broilers, avoiding drastic shifts after a mixed coccidia infection. Correlations between MC dynamics and host responses are discussed.}, number={5}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, EO and Hume, ME and Hernandez, C and Clemente-Hernandez, S}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={854–860} }
 @misc{oviedo-rondon_ferket_havenstein_2006, title={Nutritional factors that affect leg problems in broilers and turkeys}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1470-2061"]}, DOI={10.3184/147020606783437921}, number={3}, journal={AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Ferket, P. R. and Havenstein, G. B.}, year={2006}, pages={89–103} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_ferket_havenstein_2006, title={Understanding long bone development in broilers and turkeys}, volume={17}, number={3}, journal={Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Ferket, P. R. and Havenstein, G. B.}, year={2006}, pages={77–88} }
 @article{sakomura_longo_oviedo-rondon_boa-viagem_ferraudo_2005, title={Modeling energy utilization and growth parameter description for broiler chickens}, volume={84}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.9.1363}, DOI={10.1093/ps/84.9.1363}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to develop and evaluate a model to estimate ME requirements and determine Gompertz growth parameters for broilers. The first experiment was conducted to determine maintenance energy requirements and the efficiencies of energy utilization for fat and protein deposition. Maintenance ME (MEm) requirements were estimated to be 157.8, 112.1, and 127.2 kcal of ME/kg(0.75) per day for broilers at 13, 23, and 32 degrees C, respectively. Environmental temperature (T) had a quadratic effect on maintenance requirements (MEm = 307.87 - 15.63T + 0.3105T(2); r2= 0.93). Energy requirements for fat and protein deposition were estimated to be 13.52 and 12.59 kcal of ME/g, respectively. Based on these coefficients, a model was developed to calculate daily ME requirements: ME = BW(0.75) (307.87 - 15.63T + 0.3105 T2) + 13.52 Gf + 12.59 Gp. This model considers live BW, the effects of environmental temperature, and fractional fat (Gf) and protein (Gp) deposition. The second experiment was carried out to estimate the growth parameters of Ross broilers and to collect data to evaluate the ME requirement model proposed. Live BW, empty feather-free carcass, weight of the feathers, and carcass chemical compositions were analyzed until 16 wk of age. Parameters of Gompertz curves for each component were estimated. Males had higher growth potential and higher capacity to deposit nutrients than females, except for fat deposition. Data of BW and body composition collected in this experiment were fitted into the energy model proposed herein and the equations described by Emmans (1989) and Chwalibog (1991). The daily ME requirements estimated by the model determined in this study were closer to the ME intake observed in this trial compared with other models.}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Sakomura, N. K. and Longo, F. A. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Boa-Viagem, C. and Ferraudo, A.}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={1363–1369} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_clemente-hernandez_williams_losa_2005, title={Responses of coccidia-vaccinated broilers to essential oil blends supplementation up to forty-nine days of age}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/14.4.657}, abstractNote={Abstract Coccidiosis control may become a greater problem as the use of growth-promoting antibiotics (GPA) and ionophores declines. Vaccination with live oocysts may turn into a popular alternative to the use of coccidiostats in broilers, although cocci vaccination is frequently linked to temporary lower performance in young flocks. This experiment evaluates the dietary supplementation of 2 specific essential oil (EO) blends (Crina Poultry and Crina Alternate), either as alternatives to GPA and ionophores (BMD + Coban) or as feed additives that help to improve the performance of cocci-vaccinated broilers. Live performance and lesion scores were observed. These 2 specific EO blends differ in their efficacy to promote growth. Chickens that were not cocci vaccinated and were fed Crina Poultry had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the unmedicated control treatment in the starter period. The same EO improved FCR in cocci-vaccinated birds in the finisher period in comparison to the negative control group, but those responses were not significantly different from other treatments or significant at 49 d of age. No significant differences were observed in lesion scores at 37 d. Diets supplemented with a GPA-ionophore combination consistently supported the best BW gain and FCR in each period and the entire grow-out period. No significant beneficial or deleterious effects on live performance were observed due to these specific EO blends in cocci-vaccinated broilers.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, EO and Clemente-Hernandez, S and Williams, P and Losa, R}, year={2005}, pages={657–664} }
 @article{santos-bocanegra_ospina-osorio_oviedo-rondon_2004, title={Evaluation of Xanthophylls Extracted from Tagetes erectus (Marigold Flower) and Capsicum Sp. (Red Pepper Paprika) as a Pigment for Egg-yolks Compare with Synthetic Pigments}, volume={3}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.685.689}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2004.685.689}, abstractNote={Three experiments were accomplished to compare the efficacy of yellow and red xanthophylls extracted from Tagetes erectus and Capsicum sp., with synthetic citranaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and ester of β-apo-8-carotenoic pigments at different concentrations to enhance the yellow color of chicken egg yolk. In each trial brown laying hens were placed in cages, and after seven days of feeding a sorghum-soybean diet without pigments treatments were assigned. Yolk eggs were classified with the Roche yolk color fan (RYCF) or Minolta refractometer. In the first experiment, 168 hens were randomly distributed to seven treatments ® with one control group, synthetic pigments, and natural xanthophylls. In the second and third experiments, 100 hens were assigned to four different treatments consisting in the same basal diet with addition of natural xanthophylls, and three combinations of apo-ester and citranaxantin. In all experiments, after four weeks of feeding these experimental diets, the color of 10 egg yolks per treatment was evaluated 10 different times every other day or twice a week. Results indicated that live performance was not affected by treatments, but the egg yolk color changed significantly according to the pigment added. Hens fed with diets with 7.5 ppm of yellow xanthophylls extracted from Tagetes and 4.0 ppm of red xanthophylls from Capsicum had yolk eggs classified as color 11.7 ± 0.1. Capsicum extract levels had linear effect over RYCF. Synthetic carotenoids gave a yolk color that varies from 13 to 14 in the highest concentration, and from 12 (5%) to 14 (43%) at the lowest concentration.}, number={11}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Santos-Bocanegra, E. and Ospina-Osorio, X. and Oviedo-Rondon, E.O.}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={685–689} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_fritts_waldroup_2003, title={Accuracy of OmniPro® Predictions for Amino Acid Needs Without Minimum Crude Protein Requirement}, volume={2}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2003.178.182}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2003.178.182}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Fritts, C. A. and Waldroup, P. W.}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={178–182} }
 @article{waldroup_oviedo-rondon_fritts_2003, title={Comparison of Bio-Mos® and Antibiotic Feeding Programs in Broiler Diets Containing Copper Sulfate}, volume={2}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2003.28.31}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2003.28.31}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to evaluate the response of broilers to diets containing a manna n oligosaccharide, antibiotics, or a combination of antibiotics and mannan oligosaccharide. All diets were supplemented with copper sulfate to provide 250 mg/kg Cu in diets fed to 42 d and 62.5 mg/kg Cu in diets from 42 to 56 d, in addition to the 10 mg/kg provided in the trace mineral mix. Bio-Mos®, a mannan oligosaccharide derived from the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was added at 1 g/kg in diets fed to 42 d and at 0.75 g/kg in diets fed 42 to 56 d. The antibiotic program consisted of 55 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate to 42 d of age followed by 16.5 mg/kg virginiamycin to 56 d of age. When the Bio-Mos® and 2 3 antibiotics were fed in combination, half the levels indicated above were fed. Twelve pens of 50 male broilers were fed each of the dietary treatments. Results of the study indicate that body weight of broilers was not significantly influenced by the antibiotic treatment, addition of Bio-Mos®, or the combination of antibiotics and Bio-Mos®. Feed conversion at 42 d was significantly improved by both the antibiotic treatment and by the addition of Bio-Mos®. At 56 d the feed conversion of birds fed the antibiotics or the combination of antibiotics and Bio-Mos® was improved compared to that of birds fed the negative control (P = 0.10). No significant effects on mortality, dressing percentage, or parts yield were observed. Possible interference of copper sulfate with the activity of the antibiotics and Bio-Mos® is discussed.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Waldroup, P. W. and Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. and Fritts, C. A.}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={28–31} }
 @article{murakami_franco_martins_oviedo rondon_sakamoto_pereira_2003, title={Effect of Electrolyte Balance in Low-Protein Diets on Broiler Performance and Tibial Dyschondroplasia Incidence}, volume={12}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/12.2.207}, DOI={10.1093/japr/12.2.207}, abstractNote={Abstract A proper dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) is essential to ensure an optimum acid-base equilibrium and broiler performance. In low-CP diets, this balance can be affected by reduction of soybean meal and inclusion of high levels of synthetic amino acids. Although, some studies have related low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids and DEB, these relations are not well explained, because some research demonstrates confusion about the deficiency and balance of nutrients. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the DEB effects of diets with low levels of protein supplemented with amino acids on broiler performance and bone development. Results indicated that DEB and CP content influenced broiler chick performance in the starter and growing periods. There was no significant effect due to the interaction between DEB and CP content for tibial dyschondroplasia incidence (TD) or in bone breaking resistance during the growing period of either experiment. The incidence of TD was reduced with 253 mEq/kg DEB in the starter period.}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Murakami, A. E. and Franco, J. R. G. and Martins, E. N. and Oviedo Rondon, E. O. and Sakamoto, M. I. and Pereira, M. S.}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={207–216} }
 @article{murakami_sakamoto_franco_martins_oviedo rondon_2003, title={Requirements of Sodium and Chloride by Leghorn Laying Hens}, volume={12}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/12.2.217}, DOI={10.1093/japr/12.2.217}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Sodium and Cl are low-cost nutrients with great influence on feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. Actual values of dietary requirements of these minerals for commercial laying hens are not well defined. These requirements were reevaluated in a factorial experiment using corn-soybean meal basal diets. No significant influence of Na and Cl levels was observed on egg production (%), egg weight (g), or feed intake (g/d), but levels of these minerals had variable effects on FCR, eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. The optimum requirement of Na changed according to the variable evaluated and level of Cl used.}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Murakami, A. E. and Sakamoto, M. I. and Franco, J. R. G. and Martins, E. N. and Oviedo Rondon, E. O.}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={217–221} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_fritts_waldroup_2002, title={Accuracy of Omnipro® II Estimations for Amino Acid Requirements of Broilers}, volume={1}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2002.119.126}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2002.119.126}, abstractNote={Estimation of amino acid requirements is a complex problem where many factors such as experimental conditions, genetic strain, gender, growth rate, protein quality and level of other dietary nutrients may interfere with the response. Due to the difficulties of using empirical research to resolve these problems, several mathematical growth models have been developed which could be useful for this purpose. Among the models proposed, the OmniPro II growth model was chosen to evaluate its accuracy to estimate protein ® and amino acid requirements for broilers under a commercial feeding program. Diets formulated based on levels of protein and amino acids estimated by OmniPro II were compared with diets based on NRC (1994) ® recommendations. Significant differences between sexes were observed for all variables evaluated. Broilers fed diets formulated with 100% of OmniPro II estimations had BW that was similar to those fed diets based ® on NRC or 110% OmniPro, and were significantly heavier than those fed the 90% OmniPro diets. The feed conversion of male broilers fed diets based on OmniPro recommendations was significantly better than that of chicks fed diets based on NRC recommendations. Females fed with diets according to OmniPro or NRC had the highest dressing percentage, and differed only from those fed the 90% OmniPro diets. These data suggest that nutrient estimations generated by the OmniPro II support performance equal to or better than ®}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Fritts, C. A. and Waldroup, P. W.}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={119–126} }
 @article{rondón_murakami_sakaguti_2002, title={Modelagem Computacional para Produção e Pesquisa em Avicultura}, volume={4}, ISSN={1516-635X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-635x2002000100001}, DOI={10.1590/s1516-635x2002000100001}, abstractNote={A modelagem computacional foi apresentada como uma ferramenta na tomada de decisões para solucionar problemas complexos e cotidianos na produção e pesquisa em avicultura. Aspectos teóricos relacionados à construção e implementação dos diferentes tipos de modelos matemáticos utilizados em avicultura foram descritos de maneira elementar, tentando deixar o artigo acessível às pessoas que não necessariamente possuem um forte conhecimento de estatística experimental. Uma ênfase especial foi dada à discussão das vantagens da modelagem para resolver o problema complexo de determinar exigências nutricionais das aves em diferentes condições. Uma revisão cronológica das publicações relacionadas aos pacotes computacionais desenvolvidos para auxiliar na formulação de estratégias nutricionais em aves mostrou que eles estão baseados na modelagem do crescimento associada aos modelos de estimação de exigências e de custo mínimo de rações. A evolução e sofisticação desses programas têm acompanhado os rápidos avanços computacionais. Contudo, a eficiência de uma simulação depende dos conhecimentos sobre situações reais. Esses conhecimentos são gerados pelas pesquisas tradicionais e muitas vezes é de fundamental importância a conexão de informações provenientes de diferentes disciplinas, direta ou indiretamente, relacionadas à avicultura.}, number={1}, journal={Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola}, publisher={FapUNIFESP (SciELO)}, author={Rondón, EOO and Murakami, AE and Sakaguti, ES}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={199–207} }
 @article{waldroup_oviedo-rondon_2002, title={Models to Estimate Amino Acid Requirements for Broiler Chickens: A Review}, volume={1}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2002.106.113}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2002.106.113}, abstractNote={Computerized growth models can be a useful tool to determine more profitable and accurate concentrations and balance of dietary amino acids and other nutrients for broiler chickens. The methodology of mathematical modeling can be rapidly accepted in poultry nutrition and research due to the complexity of nutrient requirement estimations in practical and economical terms, and the necessity to have some quantitative margin of safety in the prediction of broiler performance for decision-making applications in the poultry industry. This paper reviews the current problems related to the methodologies for amino acid requirement estimation for growing chickens, the development of mathematical modeling of growth and their applications in poultry nutrition, and a short chronological review of the evolution of computer growth models.}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Waldroup, P. W. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O.}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={106–113} }
 @article{murakami_oviedo-rondon_martins_pereira_scapinello_2001, title={Sodium and Chloride Requirements of Growing Broiler Chickens (Twenty-one to Forty-two Days of Age) Fed Corn-Soybean Diets}, volume={80}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.3.289}, DOI={10.1093/ps/80.3.289}, abstractNote={Two trials were conducted to determine Na+ and Cl- nutritional requirements and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and its effects on acid-base balance, litter moisture, and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens during the growing period. Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design (30 pens) with six treatments, five replicates, and 50 birds per experimental unit at 21 d of age. Treatments used in both trials were a basal diet with 0.10% Na+ (Trial 1) or Cl- (Trial 2) supplemented to result in diets with Na+ or Cl- levels of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35%. In the first trial, the results indicated an optimum Na+ requirement of 0.15%. The Na+ levels, obtained with supplemental NaHCO3, did not affect blood gas parameters and TD incidence. Litter moisture increased linearly with Na+ levels. In the second trial, the Cl- requirement was estimated at 0.23%. Increasing Cl- levels, provided by NaCl with NaHCO3 to balance Na+, caused a linear effect (P < or = 0.01) on blood gas parameters, with an estimated equilibrium at 0.19% dietary Cl-. No effect (P > or = 0.05) of Cl- levels on litter moisture was observed. The hypertrophic area of growth plate in the proximal tibiotarsus increased with Cl- levels (P < or = 0.001). A nonlinear model describes this response. The best dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) was between 250 to 261 mEq/kg in Trial 1 and 249 to 257 mEq/kg in Trial 2. We concluded that the Na+ requirement was 0.15%, and the Cl- requirement was 0.23% for maximum performance of growing chickens between 21 and 42 d of age, and the best DEB was between 249 and 261 mEq/kg.}, number={3}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Murakami, A. E. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Martins, E. N. and Pereira, M. S. and Scapinello, C.}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={289–294} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_murakami_furlan_moreira_macari_2001, title={Sodium and Chloride Requirements of Young Broiler Chickens Fed Corn-Soybean Diets (One to Twenty-One Days of Age)}, volume={80}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.5.592}, DOI={10.1093/ps/80.5.592}, abstractNote={Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) nutritional requirements, dietary electrolyte balance (DEB), and their effects on acid-base balance, litter moisture, and tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) incidence for young broiler chickens were evaluated in two trials. One-day-old Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates, and 50 birds per experimental unit. Treatments used in both experiments were a basal diet with 0.10% Na+ (Experiment 1) or Cl- (Experiment 2) supplemented to result in diets with Na+ or Cl- levels of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, or 0.35%, respectively. In Experiment 1, results indicated an optimum Na+ requirement of 0.26%. Sodium levels caused a linear increase in arterial blood gas parameters, indicating an alkalogenic effect of Na+. The hypertrophic area of growth plate in the proximal tibiotarsi decreased with Na+ levels. The TD incidence decreased with increases in dietary Na+. Litter moisture increased linearly with sodium levels. In Experiment 2, the Cl- requirement was estimated as 0.25%. Chloride levels caused a quadratic effect (P < or = 0.01) on blood gas parameters, with an estimated equilibrium [blood base excess (BE) = 0] at 0.30% of dietary Cl-. No Cl- treatment effects (P > or = 0.05) were observed on litter moisture or TD incidence. The best DEB for maximum performance was 298 to 315 mEq/kg in Experiment 1 and 246 to 264 mEq/kg in Experiment 2. We concluded that the Na+ and Cl- requirements for optimum performance of young broiler chickens were 0.28 and 0.25%, respectively.}, number={5}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Murakami, A. E. and Furlan, A. C. and Moreira, I. and Macari, M.}, year={2001}, month={May}, pages={592–598} }
 @article{rondón_murakami_furlan_garcia_2000, title={Exigências nutricionais de sódio e cloro e estimativa do melhor balanço eletrolítico da ração para frangos de corte na fase pré-inicial (1-7 dias de idade)}, volume={29}, ISSN={1516-3598}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982000000400029}, DOI={10.1590/s1516-35982000000400029}, abstractNote={Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de determinar as exigências de sódio (Na+) e cloro (Cl-) para frangos de corte na fase pré-inicial (1 a 7 dias de idade) e o melhor balanço eletrolítico da ração. Em cada experimento, 1500 pintos de corte da linhagen Cobb foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, cinco repetições e 50 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos utilizados nos dois experimentos consistiram de rações com níveis de 0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25; 0,30; e 0,35% de Na+ (Experimento 1) ou Cl- (Experimento 2), cada uma com diferentes valores de balanço eletrolítico. Foram utilizados os modelos quadrático e LRP para a determinação das exigências. No Experimento 1, a exigência de Na+ estimada foi em 0,26% para ganho de peso e 0,29% para conversão alimentar. Não foram observadas diferenças para consumo de ração. O melhor desempenho produtivo foi obtido com balanço eletrolítico de 304 e 319 meq/kg, No Experimento 2, a exigência de Cl- estimada foi de 0,29% para ganho de peso e 0,28% para conversão alimentar. O consumo de ração apresentou comportamento linear. O melhor balanço eletrolítico variou na faixa de 250 a 252 meq/kg.}, number={4}, journal={Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia}, publisher={FapUNIFESP (SciELO)}, author={Rondón, Edgar O. Oviedo and Murakami, Alice Eiko and Furlan, Antonio Claudio and Garcia, Jocilaine}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={1162–1166} }
 @article{oviedo rondón_murakami_moraes_oliveira_furlan_moreira_1999, title={Sodium nutritional requirement of Japanese quail}, volume={1}, number={1}, journal={Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science}, author={Oviedo Rondón, E.O. and Murakami, A.E. and Moraes, E.R.G. and Oliveira, P.B. and Furlan, A.C. and Moreira, I.}, year={1999}, pages={73–76} }
 @article{oviedo rondón_murakami_1998, title={Interfering factors in embryo chick development and their effects in metabolic problems post-hatch: a review}, volume={20}, number={3}, journal={Acta Scientiarum}, author={Oviedo Rondón, E.O. and Murakami, A.E.}, year={1998}, pages={373–382} }