@article{barua_gougousi_young_parsons_2006, title={Supercritical-carbon dioxide-assisted cyclic deposition of metal oxide and metal thin films}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1077-3118"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000235736300065&KeyUID=WOS:000235736300065}, DOI={10.1063/1.2181651}, abstractNote={Thin films of aluminum oxide and palladium were deposited on silicon at low temperatures (70–120°C) by a cyclic adsorption/reaction processes using supercritical CO2 solvent. Precursors included Al(hfac)3, Al(acac)3, and Pd(hfac)2, and aqueous H2O2, tert-butyl peracetate, and H2 were used as the oxidants or reductants. For the precursors studied, growth proceeds through a multilayer precursor adsorption in each deposition cycle, and film thickness increased linearly with the number of growth cycles.}, number={9}, journal={APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS}, author={Barua, D and Gougousi, T and Young, ED and Parsons, GN}, year={2006}, month={Feb} }
 @article{belding_sutton_blankenship_young_2000, title={Relationship between apple fruit epicuticular wax and growth of Peltaster fructicola and Leptodontidium elatius, two fungi that cause sooty blotch disease}, volume={84}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.767}, abstractNote={Sooty blotch severity varied among apple cultivars or selections surveyed in 1989 and 1992. No mycelial growth was observed on russetted areas of the cuticle that are considered impermeable. Ursolic acid and n-alkanes were the most prominent components of the epicuticular waxes of the cultivars or selections evaluated. Although there were differences in the relative proportions of these compounds among the cultivars, the differences were not related to the severity of sooty blotch. Peltaster fructicola and Leptodontidium elatius were grown on compounds that comprise the epicuticular wax of the fruit to determine if one or more of these were needed for growth. The fungi did not grow on any of the five major components of the epicuticular wax unless dilute apple juice was included. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that mycelia of P. fructicola grew on the surface of the wax and did not appear to degrade it. Our studies support the hypothesis that P. fructicola and L. elatius fungi are epiphytes and obtain their nutrients not from components of the cuticle, but more likely from fruit leachates.}, number={7}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Belding, RD and Sutton, TB and Blankenship, SM and Young, E}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={767–772} }
 @article{belding_blankenship_young_leidy_1998, title={Composition and variability of epicuticular waxes in apple cultivars}, volume={123}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Belding, R. D. and Blankenship, S. M. and Young, E. and Leidy, R. B.}, year={1998}, pages={348–356} }
 @article{gheyas_blankenship_young_mcfeeters_1998, title={Dietary fibre composition in developing apple fruits}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0022-1589"]}, DOI={10.1080/14620316.1998.11511026}, abstractNote={SummaryChanges in dietary fibre composition of ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Stayman’ apples were studied over the course of fruit development. Fruit were analysed every 15 d starting 30 d after full bloom (DAFB) up to 150 DAFB in ‘Delicious’, 135 DAFB in ‘Golden Delicious’, and 120 DAFB in ‘Stayman’. Nonstarch cell wall materials (NSCWM) and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) content of apple flesh of all the cultivars decreased during development. During the period between 30 DAFB and 120 DAFB, NSP content of ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Stayman’ fruit decreased by 25.2%, 29.0%, and 19.3%, respectively. Relative amount of monosaccharides present in apple fibre also changed during development. Proportions of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, and galactose decreased during development while the proportions of xylose, glucose and uronic acid increased. Firmness of apple flesh was positively correlated with its NSP content. Firmness was also strongly correlated with the amounts of galactose, gluco...}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Gheyas, F and Blankenship, SM and Young, E and McFeeters, R}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={631–639} }
 @article{gheyas_blankenship_young_mcfeeters_1997, title={Dietary fibre content of thirteen apple cultivars}, volume={75}, ISSN={["0022-5142"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199711)75:3<333::AID-JSFA883>3.0.CO;2-R}, abstractNote={Fibre composition of the following 13 apple cultivars was studied: 'Cortland', 'Empire', 'Fuji', 'Golden Delicious', 'Gala', 'Granny Smith', 'Jonagold', 'Mutsu', 'McIntosh', 'Delicious', 'Rome', 'Stayman' and 'York'. Fruit samples from each of these cultivars were analysed for non-starch cell wall materials (NSCWM) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). NSCWM was further fractionated into soluble and insoluble fibre fractions. Both NSCWM and NSP content were found to be significantly influenced by cultivar. NSCWM content ranged from 19.1 g kg -1 apple flesh in 'Fuji' to 36.2 g kg -1 in 'York'. Mean (± SD) NSCWM content of all the cultivars was 23.1 ± 45 g kg -1 . NSP content of apple flesh ranged from 13.8 g kg -1 in 'McIntosh' to 287 g kg -1 in 'York' with the overall mean for all cultivars being 17.9 ± 4.2 g kg -1 . Relative amount of monosaccharides found in the hydrolysates of apple fibre also varied among cultivars. The greatest difference was observed in galactose content.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE}, author={Gheyas, F and Blankenship, SM and Young, E and McFeeters, R}, year={1997}, month={Nov}, pages={333–340} }
 @article{young_dautlick_belding_1995, title={Respiratory changes during dormancy breaking of apple trees}, ISBN={["90-6605-496-4"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.1995.395.2}, number={395}, journal={DORMANCY AND THE RELATED PROBLEMS OF DECIDUOUS FRUIT TREES}, author={Young, E and Dautlick, TK and Belding, RD}, year={1995}, pages={21–33} }
 @article{young_1993, title={RESPIRATORY OXYGEN RESPONSE AND RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT OF APPLE STEM SECTIONS DURING CHILLING}, volume={118}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.118.4.509}, abstractNote={During natural leaf abscission, 2-year-old potted apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. MM.111 EMLA) were placed in a room at 6C for chilling [0,600, 900, or 1400 chilling units (CU)]. After each chilling treatment, respiration of shoot segments was measured as CO2 evolved and O2 consumed at 22C in several O2 concentrations. Respiration increased with oxygen concentration after all CU treatments. Carbon dioxide evolved at the several O2 levels did not show a pattern related to CU, but O2 consumed decreased at a decreasing rate with additional CU. Respiratory quotient was <1 at 0 and 600 CU and equal to 1 at 900 and 1400 CU, indicating a possible shift in respiratory substrate with chilling.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={YOUNG, E}, year={1993}, month={Jul}, pages={509–512} }
 @article{young_1992, title={TIMING OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES CHILLING NEGATION IN DORMANT APPLE-TREES}, volume={117}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.117.2.271}, abstractNote={Budbreak and root and shoot extension growth of apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh. MM.111) were affected by exposure to 500 hours of higher temperatures (15, 20, or 30C) during the first, second, or third 500 hours of a 1500-hour, 5C chilling period. Exposure to 15C during the third 500 hours had a significantly positive effect on budbreak, 20C at this time had no effect, and all other treatments had a negative effect on budbreak and new root and shoot growth.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={YOUNG, E}, year={1992}, month={Mar}, pages={271–273} }
 @article{young_blankenship_1991, title={LOW OXYGEN DELAYS BUDBREAK OF APPLE-TREES IN GREENHOUSE AND PROLONGS STORAGE LIFE}, volume={26}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.26.7.890}, abstractNote={Three percent oxygen significantly delayed and reduced budbreak of fully chilled apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in a greenhouse. When ambient oxygen levels were restored, budbreak occurred normally. Apple trees stored under 3% ± 1% oxygen at 6C for 35 weeks had no detectable bud development in storage. Budbreak and subsequent shoot growth were normal after the trees had been removed from storage.}, number={7}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={YOUNG, E and BLANKENSHIP, SM}, year={1991}, month={Jul}, pages={890–891} }
 @article{young_1990, title={CHANGES IN RESPIRATION RATE AND ENERGY OF ACTIVATION AFTER CHILLING AND FORCING DORMANT APPLE-TREES}, volume={115}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.115.5.809}, abstractNote={Dormant apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh., cv. MM. 111) were chilled at SC for O, 500, 1000, or 1500 hours and then forced at 10, 20, or 30C for 21 days. Budbreak and root growth were recorded after forcing, and shoot and root respiration was measured at 5, 10, 20, and 30C to determine Q10 and energy of activation values. Budbreak, root growth, and respiration generally increased with chilling and forcing temperature. The Q10 of shoot respiration increased significantly with increasing chilling when measured before forcing; however, after forcing, Q10 decreased with chilling. Root respiration Q10 was not as influenced as shoot respiration by chilling either before or after forcing. Energy of activation for shoot and root respiration decreased significantly with chilling after forcing at each temperature.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={YOUNG, E}, year={1990}, month={Sep}, pages={809–814} }
 @article{young_1989, title={Cytokinin and soluble carbohydrate concentrations in xylem sap of apple during dormancy and budbreak}, volume={114}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Young, E.}, year={1989}, pages={297} }
 @article{young_1989, title={First-year shoot development and carbohydrate distribution in fall- and spring-planted apple trees}, volume={24}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Young, E.}, year={1989}, pages={234} }
 @article{young_1987, title={Effects of 6-BA, GA4+7, and IBA on growth resumption of chilled apple roots and shoots}, volume={22}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Young, E.}, year={1987}, pages={212} }
 @article{young_motomura_unrath_1987, title={Influence of root temperature during dormancy on respiration, carbohydrates, and growth resumption in apple and peach}, volume={112}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Young, E. and Motomura, Y. and Unrath, C. R.}, year={1987}, pages={514} }
 @article{young_werner_1986, title={6-BA applied after shoot and/or root chilling and its effect on growth resumption in apple and peach}, volume={21}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Young, E. and Werner, D. J.}, year={1986}, pages={280} }
 @article{young_werner_1985, title={Chill unit and growing degree hour requirements for vegetative bud break in six apple rootstocks}, volume={110}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Young, E. and Werner, D. J.}, year={1985}, pages={411} }
 @article{young_werner_1985, title={Effects of shoot, root, and shank chilling during rest in apple and peach on growth resumption and carbohydrates}, volume={110}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Young, E. and Werner, D. J.}, year={1985}, pages={769} }
 @article{young_werner_1984, title={A nondestructive method for measuring shoot and root fresh weights}, volume={19}, number={4}, journal={HortScience}, author={Young, E. and Werner, D. J.}, year={1984}, pages={554} }
 @article{young_werner_1984, title={Effects of rootstock and scion chilling during rest on resumption of growth in apple and peach}, volume={109}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Young, E. and Werner, D. J.}, year={1984}, pages={548} }
 @article{young_werner_1984, title={ROOTSTOCK AND PRUNING EFFECTS ON 1ST SEASON DRY-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION IN DELICIOUS APPLE-TREES}, volume={59}, ISSN={["0022-1589"]}, DOI={10.1080/00221589.1984.11515222}, abstractNote={SummaryRedchief Delicious apple trees on MM. 106 and M.9 rootstocks were left unpruned, dormant headed at planting, or summer headed 12 weeks after planting, to investigate pruning and rootstock effects on dry weight distribution between roots and shoots during the first growing season. Dormant heading stimulated new shoot dry weight and reduced new root dry weight during the first six weeks after planting. However, by 12 weeks differences in new root dry weight and new shoot dry weight were insignificant. Summer heading resulted in a significant increase in new shoot growth and decrease in new root growth. This caused the root/shoot ratio in headed trees to return to the unpruned value within six weeks after summer heading. New root growth was reduced over a longer time by dormant heading trees on MM. 106 than those on M.9. New shoot growth was increased longer in trees on M.9. Allometric constants (K) of new shoot growth relative to new root growth were significantly changed by dormant heading with both...}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={YOUNG, E and WERNER, DJ}, year={1984}, pages={487–492} }
 @article{young_werner_1984, title={Rootstock and scion chilling effects on apple and peach bud break}, volume={17}, journal={Compact Fruit Tree}, author={Young, E. and Werner, D. J.}, year={1984}, pages={32} }
 @article{young_tyler_1983, title={Burrknot control on apple}, volume={18}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, author={Young, E. and Tyler, R. H.}, year={1983}, pages={921} }
 @article{young_tyler_1983, title={Burrknot control on apple rootstocks}, volume={16}, journal={Compact Fruit Tree}, author={Young, E. and Tyler, R. H.}, year={1983}, pages={121} }
 @article{young_werner_1982, title={Early season root and shoot growth of 'Golden Delicious' apple on four rootstocks as affected by pruning at planting}, volume={107}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Young, E. and Werner, D. J.}, year={1982}, pages={822} }
 @article{young_1982, title={Pruning effects on first-year growth of apple on four rootstocks}, volume={15}, journal={Compact Fruit Tree}, author={Young, E.}, year={1982}, pages={99} }
 @article{young_1982, title={Spray materials and washing solution affect apple foliar analyses}, volume={17}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Young, E.}, year={1982}, pages={61} }