@article{awolusi_nnaji_okpala_albert_2024, title={Adaptation Behavior of Construction Workers Using Wearable Sensing Devices for Safety and Health Monitoring}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1943-5479"]}, DOI={10.1061/JMENEA.MEENG-5504}, abstractNote={The adoption and acceptance of new cutting-edge technologies such as wearable sensing devices (WSDs) have been investigated for personal use in a few industries, but concerns remain about worker postadoption behavior, especially in industries known to be resistant to innovation adoption, such as construction. Information on WSD postadoption behavior is scarce, and, to our best knowledge, no study has investigated this phenomenon for construction applications. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the adaptation and infusion of WSDs for construction safety and health monitoring. Using a multiphase mixed-method approach, this study develops and validates a conceptual model to examine the factors that influence the adaptation and infusion of WSDs for construction safety and health monitoring. The findings of the study reveal that construction workers’ behaviors and acceptance antecedents are important factors that significantly influence their adaptation and coping behavior, which in turn predict the extended use of WSDs. The main contribution of this study is in the understanding of the impact of coping behavior on workers’ continuous use of safety and health technology. Theoretically, this study extends the coping theory by incorporating implementation characteristics, providing a novel approach for understanding, explaining, and possibly enhancing the adoption and use of emerging technologies in construction.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING}, author={Awolusi, Ibukun and Nnaji, Chukwuma and Okpala, Ifeanyi and Albert, Alex}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{uddin_albert_karakhan_2024, title={Leveraging YouTube to aid <i>Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD)</i>}, ISSN={["1466-433X"]}, DOI={10.1080/01446193.2024.2337441}, journal={CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS}, author={Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Albert, Alex and Karakhan, Ali A.}, year={2024}, month={Apr} }
 @article{uddin_albert_pradhananga_ganapati_prajapati_2023, title={Health and Safety Challenges Among Post-Disaster Reconstruction Workers}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1837-9133"]}, DOI={10.5130/AJCEB.v23i1/2.8441}, abstractNote={With the increase in the number of natural disasters in recent years, post-disaster reconstruction (PDR) efforts have become increasingly important to aid community recovery. Accordingly, a large body of recent research has focused on identifying the best practices for accelerating recovery and restoring impacted communities. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to the health and safety challenges experienced by reconstruction workers that aid post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts. The current investigation focused on addressing this knowledge gap by seeking to uncover the health and safety challenges that reconstruction workers experienced in the context of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal – that was responsible for nearly 9,000 deaths and 22,000 injuries. The data collection effort involved in-depth interviews with several stakeholders, including construction workers, supervisors, site engineers, general contractors, homeowners, and governmental officials. This study enhances our understanding of the health and safety challenges experienced by PDR workers. The study also offers insight on how the obtained knowledge can be leveraged by government and stakeholders with supervisory roles to ensure proper health, safety, and wellbeing of the reconstruction workers. }, number={1-2}, journal={CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS AND BUILDING}, author={Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Albert, Alex and Pradhananga, Nipesh and Ganapati, Nazife Emel and Prajapati, Jeetendra}, year={2023}, month={Jul}, pages={4–30} }
 @article{karakhan_gambatese_simmons_albert_breesam_2023, title={Leading Indicators of the Health and Well-Being of the Construction Workforce: Perception of Industry Professionals}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1943-5576"]}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000747}, abstractNote={Construction is one of the most hazardous and stressful occupations throughout the world. The dynamic, complex, and high-risk nature of construction operations places significant burden on the construction workforce. This significant burden of construction operations can compromise the health and well-being of the construction workforce. The objective of the present study is to identify leading indicators of the health and well-being of the construction workforce. To achieve the study objective, a survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to construction experts in the United States. After collecting and analyzing the responses, it was found that there are six leading indicators of the health and well-being of the construction workforce: (1) toolbox talks, (2) company social events, (3) safety, health care, and wellness program, (4) employee assistance program (EAP), (5) employee benefits and perks, and (6) annual medical checkups. Identifying these indicators helps construction organizations interested in supporting employee career advancement assess and improve the health and well-being of the workforce. The findings of the study make a practical contribution to the body of knowledge on construction health and safety and enables the practitioner community to utilize the identified indicators for managing and improving construction employee health and well-being.}, number={1}, journal={PRACTICE PERIODICAL ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION}, author={Karakhan, Ali A. and Gambatese, John and Simmons, Denise R. and Albert, Alex and Breesam, Hatem Khaleefah}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{uddin_albert_ovid_alsharef_2023, title={Leveraging ChatGPT to Aid Construction Hazard Recognition and Support Safety Education and Training}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, DOI={10.3390/su15097121}, abstractNote={Proper hazard recognition is fundamental to effective safety management in construction workplaces. Nevertheless, poor hazard recognition levels are a widespread and persistent problem in the construction industry. For example, recent investigations have demonstrated that a significant number of workplace hazards often remain unrecognized in construction workplaces. These unrecognized workplace hazards often remain unmanaged and can potentially translate into devastating and unexpected safety incidents. Therefore, interventions targeted at improving hazard recognition levels are foundational to enhancing safety management in construction workplaces. The main objective of the current investigation was to examine if ChatGPT, a language model recently launched by OpenAI, can aid hazard recognition when integrated into the curriculum of students pursuing a career in the construction industry. The investigation was carried out as an experimental effort with 42 students enrolled in the construction program at a major state university in the United States. First, prior to the introduction of ChatGPT as an intervention, the pre-intervention hazard recognition ability of the students was measured. Next, ChatGPT and its capabilities were introduced to the students in a classroom setting. Guidance was also offered on how the students could leverage ChatGPT to aid hazard recognition efforts. Finally, the post-intervention hazard recognition ability of the students was measured and compared against their earlier performance. The result suggests that ChatGPT can be leveraged to improve hazard recognition levels. Accordingly, integrating ChatGPT as part of safety education and training can yield benefits and prepare the next generation of construction professionals for industry success.}, number={9}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Albert, Alex and Ovid, Anto and Alsharef, Abdullah}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{alsharef_albert_awolusi_jaselskis_2023, title={Severe injuries among construction workers: Insights from OSHA?s new severe injury reporting program}, volume={163}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106126}, abstractNote={Construction workers sustain a large number of work-related injuries. These injuries sometimes result in irreversible damage, life-long disability, and even the loss of life. Therefore, strategic initiatives to reduce work-related injuries are necessary. To help achieve this goal, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recently introduced a new severe injury reporting program. The program requires that employers notify OSHA of any severe or serious injuries that result in amputation, in-patient hospitalization, or loss of an eye within 24 h. The current investigation statistically examined more than 11,000 physical injuries reported as part of this program to identify patterns and discover opportunities to enhance workplace safety. The key findings include: (1) the most commonly reported severe injury event types are falls to lower level and struck-by object or equipment incidents; (2) the most commonly reported injury sources are ladders and structural elements such as joists, roofs, and skylights; (3) the most commonly reported injured body parts are the upper extremities and the lower extremities; (4) the most commonly reported nature of injuries are traumatic injuries to bones, nerves, and spinal cord (e.g., fractures) and open wounds; (5) the most reportedly vulnerable construction sectors for severe injuries are commercial and institutional building construction and electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors. The findings also offer insights into the relationship between injury attributes. For example, the event type “falls to lower level” was particularly likely when workers used the injury source “ladders per the data.” The findings can be leveraged to enhance work-related safety among construction workers.}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, author={Alsharef, Abdullah and Albert, Alex and Awolusi, Ibukun and Jaselskis, Edward}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{alsharef_albert_bhandari_2022, title={Safety challenges experienced by driver license examiners and related safety measures}, volume={154}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105808}, abstractNote={Driver license examiners serve as the “gatekeepers” to the world of driving. These examiners administer driving tests and issue driver licenses to prospective drivers that demonstrate driving competency. Unfortunately, this community of workers is vulnerable to experiencing safety incidents as they test prospective drivers with limited driving proficiency. Understanding the safety challenges these workers experience professionally is fundamental to identifying and adopting relevant safety measures. Towards achieving this goal, interviews were conducted with driver license examiners in North Carolina to compile the safety challenges they professionally experience. Additionally, safety management measures that they adopt regularly and others that they recommend for possible future adoption were gathered. The reported safety challenges include prospective drivers reporting for testing and retesting without sufficient training, the existence of communication and language barriers, prospective drivers adopting driving customs learned in other countries, and experiences of entering unclean vehicles. Safety measures that the driver license examiners adopt regularly include the use of widely adopted terms and hand gestures to overcome communication challenges, being prepared to take control over the vehicle steering, encouraging prospective drivers to hold the learner’s permit and gain additional experience, and others. Suggested safety measures for possible future adoption include empowering examiners to terminate the test when appropriate, enforcing a limited wait time following the issuance of a learner’s permit prior to attempting the driving test, and the regular adoption of contactless testing methods popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study findings can be leveraged to enhance the safety of driver license examiners.}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, author={Alsharef, Abdullah and Albert, Alex and Bhandari, Siddharth}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{uddin_albert_tamanna_alsharef_2022, title={YouTube as a source of information: early coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the construction industry}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1466-433X"]}, DOI={10.1080/01446193.2022.2162096}, abstractNote={Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has been the largest global crisis in recent decades. Apart from the countless deaths and health emergencies, the pandemic has disrupted several industries—including construction. For example, a significant number of construction projects have been interrupted, delayed, and even abandoned. In such emergencies, information gathering and dissemination are vital for effective crisis management. The role of social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, as information sources, in these contexts has received much attention. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if YouTube can serve as a useful source of information for the construction industry in emergency situations—such as during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The assessment was undertaken by distilling the coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic as it relates to the construction industry from the content shared via YouTube by leveraging Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling. The investigation also compared the timeline with which relevant content was shared via YouTube and peer-reviewed research articles to make relative assessments. The findings suggest that YouTube offered significant and relevant coverage across six topics that include health and safety challenges, ongoing construction operation updates, workforce-related challenges, industry operations-related guidelines and advocacy, and others. Moreover, compared to the coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the research literature, YouTube offered more comprehensive and timely coverage of the pandemic as it relates to the construction industry. Accordingly, industry stakeholders may leverage YouTube as a valuable and largely untapped resource to aid in combating similar emergency situations.}, journal={CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS}, author={Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Albert, Alex and Tamanna, Mahzabin and Alsharef, Abdullah}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{alsharef_banerjee_uddin_albert_jaselskis_2021, title={Early Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the United States Construction Industry}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041559}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph18041559}, abstractNote={The COVID-19 pandemic has been the largest global health crisis in decades. Apart from the unprecedented number of deaths and hospitalizations, the pandemic has resulted in economic slowdowns, widespread business disruptions, and significant hardships. This study focused on investigating the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. construction industry since the declaration of the national emergency on 13 March 2020. The study objectives were achieved through 34 telephone interviews with project managers, engineers, designers, and superintendents that represented different states and distinct industry sectors in the United States (U.S.). The interviewees offered information on their experience with the pandemic, including the general and adverse effects experienced, new opportunities created, and risk management efforts being undertaken. The reported adverse effects included significant delays on projects, inability to secure materials on time, reduction in productivity rates, material price escalations, and others. The new opportunities that were created included projects involving the fast-track construction of medical facilities, construction of residential buildings, transportation-related work, and opportunities to recruit skilled workers. The risk management measures that were widely adopted included measures to enhance safety and reduce other project risks. The safety measures adopted included requiring employees to wear cloth face masks, adoption of social distancing protocols, staggering of construction operations, offering COVID-19-related training, administering temperature checks prior to entry into the workplace, and others. Measures to manage other project risks included the formation of a task force team to review the evolving pandemic and offer recommendations, advocating that construction businesses be deemed essential to combat delays and taking advantage of government relief programs. The study findings will be useful to industry stakeholders interested in understanding the early impacts of the pandemic on the construction industry. Industry stakeholders may also build upon the reported findings and establish best practices for continued safe and productive operations.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Alsharef, Abdullah and Banerjee, Siddharth and Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Albert, Alex and Jaselskis, Edward}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{noghabaei_han_albert_2021, title={Feasibility Study to Identify Brain Activity and Eye-Tracking Features for Assessing Hazard Recognition Using Consumer-Grade Wearables in an Immersive Virtual Environment}, volume={147}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002130}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002130}, abstractNote={AbstractHazard recognition is vital to achieving effective safety management. Unmanaged or unrecognized hazards on construction sites can lead to unexpected accidents. Recent research has identifie...}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Noghabaei, Mojtaba and Han, Kevin and Albert, Alex}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{uddin_ganapati_pradhananga_prajapati_albert_2021, title={Is the Workers' Health and Safety Scenario Different in Post-Disaster Reconstruction from Conventional Construction? A Case Study in Bhaktapur, Nepal}, volume={64}, ISSN={["2212-4209"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102529}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102529}, abstractNote={The present study aims to understand the health and safety scenario for reconstruction workers and to differentiate between post disaster reconstruction (PDR) operations and conventional construction operations as it relates to the workers’ health and safety. The context of the study is Bhaktapur, Nepal, which was impacted by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. The study is based on in-depth interviews with stakeholders (n = 38) and triangulated with a review of secondary sources, including laws and regulations and newspapers. The findings suggest that the health and safety scenario of PDR operations differ from conventional construction operations in five broad ways: (1) debris management, (2) workforce management, (3) work environment, (4) perceived urgency to complete reconstruction, and (5) safety risk perception. The findings of this study show how construction workers in PDR operations face unique challenges and higher exposure to construction hazards at work compared to conventional construction. The study presents practical recommendations for governments in the Global South related to debris removal, training for construction stakeholders, technical assistance, enforcement of labor laws, and awareness campaigns for affected populations.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Ganapati, Nazife Emel and Pradhananga, Nipesh and Prajapati, Jeetendra and Albert, Alex}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{jeelani_asadi_ramshankar_han_albert_2021, title={Real-time vision-based worker localization & hazard detection for construction}, volume={121}, ISSN={["1872-7891"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103448}, abstractNote={Despite training, construction workers often fail to recognize a significant proportion of hazards in construction environments. Therefore, there is a need for developing technology that assists workers and safety managers in identifying hazards in complex and dynamic construction environments. This study develops a framework for an automated system that detects hazardous conditions and objects in real-time to assist workers and managers. The framework consists of three independent pipelines for localization of workers, semantic segmentation of the visual scene around workers, and detection of static and dynamic hazards. The framework can be used to automate and augment the hazard detection ability of workers and safety managers in construction workplaces. In addition, the framework offers several computing contributions including an improved real-time worker localization method and an efficient architecture for integrating pipelines for entity localization and object detection. A system developed based on the proposed framework as a proof of concept and was tested in indoor and outdoor construction environments. It achieved over 93% accuracy.}, journal={AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION}, author={Jeelani, Idris and Asadi, Khashayar and Ramshankar, Hariharan and Han, Kevin and Albert, Alex}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @article{nnaji_awolusi_park_albert_2021, title={Wearable Sensing Devices: Towards the Development of a Personalized System for Construction Safety and Health Risk Mitigation}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1424-8220"]}, DOI={10.3390/s21030682}, abstractNote={Wearable sensing devices (WSDs) are increasingly helping workers stay safe and healthy in several industries. However, workers, especially in the construction industry, have shown some aversion towards the use of WSDs due to their ability to capture specific information that may be considered personal and private. However, this revered information may provide some critical insight needed by management to plan and optimize worksite safety and support technology adoption in decision making. Therefore, there is a need to develop personalized WSD systems that are mutually beneficial to workers and management to ensure successful WSD integration. The present study aims to contribute to knowledge and practice by filling this critical gap using insight from 330 construction workers with experience using WSDs. The results from this study indicate that all 11 WSD functions identified through this study play a vital role in improving worker safety and health and that approximately two out of three workers are open to sharing the physiological and environmental information captured using these WSDs with their management. However, functions for detecting workers’ proximity to workplace hazards, specifically energized electrical materials, toxic gas, and fire/smoke, were the most critical functions that had mutual value to workers and management. Finally, the present study proposed and evaluated a phased personalized WSD system that should encourage successful WSD integration.}, number={3}, journal={SENSORS}, author={Nnaji, Chukwuma and Awolusi, Ibukun and Park, JeeWoong and Albert, Alex}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{alsharef_albert_uddin_kittur_chavan_jaselskis_2021, title={Work-related safety incidents among driver license examiners}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105304}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105304}, abstractNote={Driver license examiners serve as the first line of defense against unsafe drivers and driving practices. Nonetheless, these examiners themselves are exposed to high levels of safety risk as they test new drivers – with limited driving proficiency and experience. A deeper understanding of the safety incidents that driver license examiners experience can inform the development of effective injury prevention policies and interventions. Towards achieving this goal, the current study focused on performing exploratory content analyses of safety incident reports maintained by the North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles (NCDMV) that involved driver license examiners. Apart from demonstrating that numerous incidents are experienced during driving tests, the five key findings include the following: (1) The most common event types that driver license examiners experience are collision with fixed object, overexertion and physical bodily reaction, and collision with another vehicle; (2) The most common contributing factors are failure to maintain control of vehicle and incidents experienced while examiners are exiting the vehicle; (3) Most incidents that result in injury involve injuries to multiple body parts, followed by injuries to the back, leg, and neck; (4) The most common injury types are strain, sprain, and bruising and contusion; (5) The injury outcomes are medical case, permanent disability, report only, and temporary disability. The results also reveal particular relationships that are overrepresented in the incident reports. For example, collision with fixed object is associated particularly with failure to maintain control of vehicle. The findings can inform future efforts that seek to reduce injury rates among driver license examiners.}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Alsharef, Abdullah and Albert, Alex and Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Kittur, Nikhil Basavaraj and Chavan, Sampada and Jaselskis, Edward}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{pandit_albert_patil_2020, title={Developing construction hazard recognition skill: leveraging safety climate and social network safety communication patterns}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1466-433X"]}, DOI={10.1080/01446193.2020.1722316}, abstractNote={Abstract Poor hazard recognition skill is a widespread issue in the construction industry. Therefore, an understanding of factors that influence the development of hazard recognition skill among workers is fundamental to effective safety management. Based on social learning theory which suggests that individuals learn efficiently by observing, interacting, and emulating others in workplaces, the current article reports findings from a larger study that examined the effect of safety climate and social-network safety communication patterns on the hazard recognition skill demonstrated by workers. More specifically, building upon previously reported findings presented in Pandit et al. which suggests that maintaining a more positive safety climate can lead to superior hazard recognition levels, the current article presents additional results examining the effect of safety climate and social-network safety communication patterns—maintained by workers—on the demonstrated hazard recognition skill. The study involved recruiting construction crews from 57 projects in the United States where safety climate and social-network safety communication data were gathered using questionnaire surveys—which was then followed by a hazard recognition activity. The results suggest that, apart from the safety climate, social-network safety communication patterns are positively related to the demonstrated hazard recognition skill. In addition, evidence of an interaction effect was found—suggesting that establishing a positive safety climate and maintaining higher levels of safety communication can yield synergistic benefits.}, number={7}, journal={CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS}, author={Pandit, Bhavana and Albert, Alex and Patil, Yashwardhan}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={640–658} }
 @article{albert_jeelani_han_2020, title={Developing hazard recognition skill among the next-generation of construction professionals}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1466-433X"]}, DOI={10.1080/01446193.2020.1797133}, abstractNote={Abstract Globally, a large number of safety hazards remain unrecognised in construction workplaces. These unrecognised safety hazards are also likely to remain unmanaged and can potentially cascade into unexpected safety incidents. Therefore, the development of hazards recognition skill – particularly among the next-generation of construction professionals – is vital for injury prevention and safe work-operations. To foster the development of such skill, the current investigation examined the effect of administering a hazard recognition intervention to students seeking to enter the construction workforce. First, prior to introducing the intervention, the pre-intervention hazard recognition skill of the participating students was measured. Next, the intervention that included a number of programme elements was introduced. The programme elements included (1) visual cues to promote systematic hazard recognition, (2) personalised hazard recognition performance feedback, (3) visual demonstration of common hazard recognition search weaknesses, and (4) diagnosis of hazard search weaknesses using metacognitive prompts. Finally, the post-intervention skill demonstrated by the student participants was measured and compared against their pre-intervention performance. The results suggest that the intervention was effective in improving the hazard recognition skill demonstrated by the next-generation of construction professionals. The observed effect was particularly prominent among those that demonstrated relatively lower levels of skill in the pre-intervention phase. The research also unveiled particular impediments to hazards recognition that the participants experienced.}, number={11}, journal={CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS}, author={Albert, Alex and Jeelani, Idris and Han, Kevin}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={1024–1039} }
 @article{albert_pandit_patil_louis_2020, title={Does the potential safety risk affect whether particular construction hazards are recognized or not?}, volume={75}, ISSN={["1879-1247"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jsr.2020.10.004}, abstractNote={Introduction: Evidence from the global construction industry suggests that an unacceptable number of safety hazards remain unrecognized in construction workplaces. Unfortunately, there isn’t a sufficient understanding of why particular safety hazards remain unrecognized. Such an understanding is important to address the issue of poor hazard recognition and develop remedial interventions. A recent exploratory effort provided anecdotal evidence that workers often fail to recognize safety hazards that are expected to impose relatively lower levels of safety risk. In other words, the research demonstrated that the underlying risk imposed by a safety hazard can affect whether a hazard will be recognized or not. Method: The presented research focused on empirically testing this preliminary finding. More specifically, the study tested the proposition that Construction workers are more likely to recognize safety hazards that impose higher levels of safety risk than those that impose relatively lower levels of safety risk. The research goals were accomplished through a number of steps. First, a set of 16 construction case images depicting a variety of construction operations that included a number of known safety hazards was presented to a panel of four construction safety experts. The experts were tasked with examining each of the known safety hazards and providing a rating of the relative safety risk that the individual hazards impose. Having obtained an estimate of the underlying safety risk, a hazard recognition activity was administered to 287 workers recruited from 57 construction workplaces in the United States. The hazard recognition activity involved the examination of a random sample of two construction case images that were previously examined by the expert panel and reporting relevant safety hazards. Results: The results of the study provided support for the proposition that workers are more likely to recognize hazards that impose relatively higher levels of safety risk. Practical Applications: The findings of the study can be leveraged to improve existing hazard recognition methods and develop more robust interventions to address the issue of poor hazard recognition levels.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH}, author={Albert, Alex and Pandit, Bhavana and Patil, Yashwardhan and Louis, Joseph}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={241–250} }
 @article{albert_pandit_patil_2020, title={Focus on the fatal-four: Implications for construction hazard recognition}, volume={128}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104774}, abstractNote={Much effort has been devoted to improving hazard recognition in the construction industry. One such effort is the training outreach program pioneered and promoted by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – commonly known as the Construction Focus Four or the Construction Fatal Four program. This program which is integrated in much of the training efforts offered in the construction industry seeks to promote hazard recognition and management by focusing on the four leading causes of fatal incidents – namely falls, caught-in/between, struck-by, and electrocution (i.e., fatal-four) hazards. Given the emphasis of these hazards in most training efforts, the objective of the current research was to explore if there are any performance disparities among workers in recognizing hazards that fall under the fatal-four and the non-fatal-four hazard categories. To accomplish this research goal, more than 280 workers were recruited from 57 construction workplaces in the United States to participate in a hazard recognition activity. The results of the study reveal that workers fail to recognize a disproportionate number of safety hazards in both the fatal-four and the non-fatal-four hazard categories. However, workers are relatively more proficient in recognizing hazards in the fatal-four hazard category than the non-fatal-four hazard category. More specifically, on average, the participating workers roughly recognized 57% of the fatal-four safety hazards while only recognizing 18% of the non-fatal-four safety hazards. Collectively, these findings suggest that apart from focusing on the fatal-four hazards, training efforts must also focus on the non-fatal-four safety hazards – given the relative poor performance.}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, author={Albert, Alex and Pandit, Bhavana and Patil, Yashwardhan}, year={2020}, month={Aug} }
 @article{uddin_albert_alsharef_pandit_patil_nnaji_2020, title={Hazard Recognition Patterns Demonstrated by Construction Workers}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217788}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph17217788}, abstractNote={Construction workers fail to recognize a large number of safety hazards. These unrecognized safety hazards can lead to unintended hazard exposure and tragic safety incidents. Unfortunately, traditional hazard recognition interventions (e.g., job hazard analyses and safety training) have been unable to tackle the industry-wide problem of poor hazard recognition levels. In fact, emerging evidence has demonstrated that traditional hazard recognition interventions have been designed without a proper understanding of the challenges workers experience during hazard recognition efforts. Interventions and industry-wide efforts designed based on a more thorough understanding of these challenges can yield substantial benefits—including superior hazard recognition levels and lower injury rates. Towards achieving this goal, the current investigation focused on identifying hazard categories that workers are more proficient in recognizing and others that they are less proficient in recognizing (i.e., hazard recognition patterns). For the purpose of the current study, hazards were classified on the basis of the energy source per Haddon’s energy release theory (e.g., gravity, motion, electrical, chemical, etc.). As part of the study, 287 workers representing 57 construction workplaces in the United States were engaged in a hazard recognition activity. Apart from confirming previous research findings that workers fail to recognize a disproportionate number of safety hazards, the results demonstrate that the workers are more proficient in recognizing certain hazard types. More specifically, the workers on average recognized roughly 47% of the safety hazards in the gravity, electrical, motion, and temperature hazard categories while only recognizing less than 10% of the hazards in the pressure, chemical, and radiation hazard categories. These findings can inform the development of more robust interventions and industry-wide initiatives to tackle the issue of poor hazard recognition levels in the construction industry.}, number={21}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Uddin, S. M. Jamil and Albert, Alex and Alsharef, Abdullah and Pandit, Bhavana and Patil, Yashwardhan and Nnaji, Chukwuma}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{zuluaga_albert_winkel_2020, title={Improving Safety, Efficiency, and Productivity: Evaluation of Fall Protection Systems for Bridge Work Using Wearable Technology and Utility Analysis}, volume={146}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001764}, abstractNote={AbstractThe construction industry is experiencing a number of challenges. For example, construction workplaces report poor safety performance, widespread inefficiencies, and stagnant productivity r...}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Zuluaga, Carlos M. and Albert, Alex and Winkel, Munir A.}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{chan_louis_albert_2020, title={Incorporating Worker Awareness in the Generation of Hazard Proximity Warnings}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1424-8220"]}, DOI={10.3390/s20030806}, abstractNote={Proximity warning systems for construction sites do not consider whether workers are already aware of the hazard prior to issuing warnings. This can generate redundant and distracting alarms that interfere with worker ability to adopt timely and appropriate avoidance measures; and cause alarm fatigue, which instigates workers to habitually disable the system or ignore the alarms; thereby increasing the risk of injury. Thus, this paper integrates the field-of-view of workers as a proxy for hazard awareness to develop an improved hazard proximity warning system for construction sites. The research first developed a rule-based model for the warning generation, which was followed by a virtual experiment to evaluate the integration of worker field-of-view in alarm generation. Based on these findings, an improved hazard proximity warning system incorporating worker field-of-view was developed for field applications that utilizes wearable inertial measurement units and localization sensors. The system’s effectiveness is illustrated through several case studies. This research provides a fresh perspective to the growing adoption of wearable sensors by incorporating the awareness of workers into the generation of hazard alarms. The proposed system is anticipated to reduce unnecessary and distracting alarms which can potentially lead to superior safety performance in construction.}, number={3}, journal={SENSORS}, author={Chan, Kelsey and Louis, Joseph and Albert, Alex}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{jeelani_albert_han_azevedo_2019, title={Are Visual Search Patterns Predictive of Hazard Recognition Performance? Empirical Investigation Using Eye-Tracking Technology}, volume={145}, ISSN={0733-9364 1943-7862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001589}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001589}, abstractNote={AbstractPoor hazard recognition is a widespread issue in the construction industry. When construction hazards remain unrecognized, workers are more likely to indulge in unsafe behavior, experience ...}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Construction Engineering and Management}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Jeelani, Idris and Albert, Alex and Han, Kevin and Azevedo, Roger}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={04018115} }
 @article{al-bayati_albert_ford_2019, title={Construction Safety Culture and Climate: Satisfying Necessity for an Industry Framework}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1943-5576"]}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000452}, abstractNote={AbstractMuch of the construction literature that examines safety culture and safety climate ignores the unique characteristics of construction workplaces. Therefore, existing safety culture and cli...}, number={4}, journal={PRACTICE PERIODICAL ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION}, author={Al-Bayati, Ahmed Jalil and Albert, Alex and Ford, George}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{pandit_albert_patil_al-bayati_2019, title={Fostering Safety Communication among Construction Workers: Role of Safety Climate and Crew-Level Cohesion}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph16010071}, abstractNote={Safety communication among construction workers is fundamental to effective safety management. However, evidence suggests that poor safety communication is a common problem in construction workplaces. In fact, previous research has unveiled a number of systemic barriers to effective safety communication in the construction industry. When workers do not sufficiently communicate relevant safety hazards and appropriate injury prevention measures, unexpected injuries can follow. Therefore, research examining factors that promote or impede effective safety communication is necessary. Towards achieving this goal, the purpose of the current research was to evaluate the effect of safety climate and crew cohesion on the demonstrated safety communication levels. The goal was achieved by gathering empirical data from 57 construction workplaces in the United States. More specifically, the participating construction workplaces were visited, and data pertaining to the safety climate and crew-level cohesion were first collected using questionnaire surveys. Next, a safety communication survey instrument was administered, and the data necessary to compute network density—a social network metric that is indicative of safety communication levels was gathered. The analysis of the data suggested that a positive relationship exists between safety climate and safety communication levels. Likewise, construction crews that demonstrated higher levels of cohesion exhibited superior safety communication levels. Finally, evidence also suggested that a synergetic effect exists between safety climate and crew cohesion in improving safety communication levels.}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Pandit, Bhavana and Albert, Alex and Patil, Yashwardhan and Al-Bayati, Ahmed Jalil}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
 @article{pandit_albert_patil_al-bayati_2019, title={Impact of safety climate on hazard recognition and safety risk perception}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2018.11.020}, abstractNote={Poor hazard recognition and the underestimation of safety risk can lead to catastrophic safety incidents. Unfortunately, past research has demonstrated that a large number of safety hazards remain unrecognized in construction workplaces. Likewise, evidence also suggests that the underestimation of safety risk is a widespread issue in the construction industry. Therefore, to improve safety performance, a proper understanding of workplace factors that affect hazard recognition and safety risk perception is fundamental. To begin achieving this goal, the current study evaluated the effect of safety climate – a validated leading indicator of safety performance – on hazard recognition and safety risk perception levels. This was accomplished by gathering empirical data from over 280 workers employed in 57 construction workplaces in the United States. More specifically, after gathering safety climate data from the participating workers, the workers were engaged in a hazard recognition and safety risk perception activity. The study findings revealed that workers representing workplaces with a more positive safety climate demonstrate higher levels of hazard recognition and safety risk perception. In addition, the effect of safety climate on safety risk perception was mediated by hazard recognition performance. In other words, safety climate affected hazard recognition performance, which in turn affected safety risk perception levels. Apart from the indirect effect of safety climate on safety risk perception through hazard recognition performance, safety climate also affected safety risk perception independently of hazard recognition performance. The findings of the study will be useful to practicing professionals seeking to improve safety performance in the construction industry.}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, author={Pandit, Bhavana and Albert, Alex and Patil, Yashwardhan and Al-Bayati, Ahmed Jalil}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={44–53} }
 @article{jeelani_han_albert_2018, title={Automating and scaling personalized safety training using eye-tracking data}, volume={93}, ISSN={0926-5805}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.05.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.autcon.2018.05.006}, abstractNote={Research has shown that a large proportion of hazards remain unrecognized, which expose construction workers to unanticipated safety risks. Recent studies have also found that a strong correlation exists between viewing patterns of workers, captured using eye-tracking devices, and their hazard recognition performance. Therefore, it is important to analyze the viewing patterns of workers to gain a better understanding of their hazard recognition performance. From the training standpoint, scan paths and attention maps, generated using eye-tracking technology, can be used effectively to provide personalized and focused feedback to workers. Such feedback is used to communicate the search process deficiency to workers in order to trigger self-reflection and subsequently improve their hazard recognition performance. This paper proposes a computer vision-based method that tracks workers on a construction site and automatically locates their fixation points, collected using a wearable eye-tracker, on a 3D point cloud. This data is then used to analyze their viewing behavior and compute their attention distribution. The presented case studies validate the proposed method.}, journal={Automation in Construction}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jeelani, Idris and Han, Kevin and Albert, Alex}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={63–77} }
 @article{namian_albert_feng_2018, title={Effect of Distraction on Hazard Recognition and Safety Risk Perception}, volume={144}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001459}, abstractNote={AbstractBoth hazard recognition and safety risk perception are fundamental to effective safety management. When construction hazards remain unrecognized or the associated safety risk remains unperc...}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Namian, Mostafa and Albert, Alex and Feng, Jing}, year={2018}, month={Apr} }
 @article{al-bayati_abudayyeh_albert_2018, title={Managing active cultural differences in US construction workplaces: Perspectives from non-Hispanic workers}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1879-1247"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jsr.2018.05.004}, abstractNote={Current census reports indicate a growing shift toward workforce diversity in the U.S. construction industry, which is largely the result of increasing participation from the Hispanic community. The data also suggest that the Hispanic workforce suffers a higher rate of fatal injuries compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts. Therefore, there is a dire need to develop and utilize new management tools and strategies to accommodate the differences in language and culture of this incoming labor force.The absence of these tools and strategies poses several challenges including cost overrun, schedule delay, and more importantly, higher workplace injury rates. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the contribution of cultural diversity as a factor that may influence the overall site safety.As a result, this study provides further evidence that indicate that the current findings regarding the influence of active cultural differences are reliable, valid, and needs attention. Furthermore, the study provides sub-analysis results of cultural values among Hispanic workers, which suggest that workers from Mexico are less likely to speak up on safety issues when compared to other Hispanic workers. Therefore, this study has both practical and theoretical implications for managing workforce diversity and related safety performance in the U.S. construction industry. The results of the study can be used by employers and managers to adopt responsive strategies and tools to reduce the likelihood of fatal and nonfatal injuries among Hispanic workers.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH}, author={Al-Bayati, Ahmed Jalil and Abudayyeh, Osama and Albert, Alex}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={1–8} }
 @article{zuluaga_albert_2018, title={Preventing falls: Choosing compatible Fall Protection Supplementary Devices (FPSD) for bridge maintenance work using virtual prototyping}, volume={108}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2017.08.006}, abstractNote={Apart from struck-by safety incidents, fall-related injuries are a major concern in bridge maintenance work. To protect against falls from bridge decks, maintenance workers largely rely on existing bridge guardrails. However, a large number of bridge guardrails do not comply with the regulatory height requirement of 42 ± 3 in. for sufficient fall protection – although appropriate for vehicular traffic. To address this fall protection issue, a few departments of transportation (DOTs) have adopted Fall Protection Supplementary Devices (FPSDs). These devices are temporarily installed on existing bridge guardrails to sufficiently increase the barrier height while work is performed on bridge decks. However, not all FPSDs are compatible with every bridge guardrail. Therefore, to provide sufficient protection, DOT decision makers are tasked with identifying FPSDs that are compatible for each guardrail application. This generally has involved physically installing FPSDs and assessing compatibility on a trial-and-error basis. The use of such inefficient techniques have resulted in significant errors, wasted resources, productivity losses, and an increased likelihood of struck-by safety incidents. To address this issue, the objective of this study is to propose an efficient, cost-effective, and safe approach to assessing compatibility using virtual prototyping methods. In addition, to illustrate the use of the proposed method, a case example of the compatibility testing between two bridge guardrails in North Carolina and three separate FPSDs is presented. It is expected that the proposed method will provide a useful mechanism for DOTs to select suitable FPSDs to protect their workforce.}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, author={Zuluaga, Carlos M. and Albert, Alex}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={238–247} }
 @article{tixier_albert_hallowell_2018, title={Proposing and Validating a New Way of Construction Hazard Recognition Training in Academia: Mixed-Method Approach}, volume={23}, ISSN={1084-0680 1943-5576}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000347}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000347}, abstractNote={The presented research proposes and experimentally validates a novel energy-based training module aimed at rapidly improving hazard-recognition skills in civil, environmental, and architectural engineering (CEAE) students. The module is based on the established theory that every construction hazard is fundamentally related to the unwanted release of one or more energy sources. Eighty-four members of a CEAE undergraduate class were participants during a three-week experiment. Adopting a rigorous A-B experimental design and validated protocol to measure hazard recognition, the study found the module increased students’ hazard-recognition skills by 67.8% on average (p < 0.001), with a lasting effect over time, while a standard lecture based on Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) training was found to be not significantly effective. Qualitative feedback gathered in the form of textual learning logs corroborated the quantitative findings. The study findings suggest that OSHA training may be complemented with components of the proposed method to improve hazard-recognition levels.}, number={1}, journal={Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Tixier, Antoine J.-P. and Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R.}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={04017027} }
 @article{zuluaga_albert_arroyo_2018, title={Protecting Bridge Maintenance Workers from Falls: Evaluation and Selection of Compatible Fall Protection Supplementary Devices}, volume={144}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001529}, abstractNote={AbstractFalls from bridge decks are a common issue among highway and bridge maintenance workers. These workers generally rely on existing bridge guardrails for their protection against falls when w...}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Zuluaga, Carlos M. and Albert, Alex and Arroyo, Paz}, year={2018}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{jeelani_han_albert_2018, title={Scaling Personalized Safety Training Using Automated Feedback Generation}, ISBN={9780784481288}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481288.020}, DOI={10.1061/9780784481288.020}, abstractNote={Hazard identification is one of the primary steps in effective safety management. However, research has shown that a large proportion of construction hazards remain unrecognized in workplaces, which expose workers to unanticipated risks. While researchers and practitioners have developed several training programs to improve hazard recognition levels, much of this effort has proceeded with limited understanding of factors that impede hazard recognition at the worker level. Recent studies have suggested a strong correlation between viewing patterns of workers and their hazard recognition performance. Hence, it is important to study and analyze the viewing patterns of workers to gain a better understanding of their hazard recognition performance. From the training point of view, scan paths and attention maps can be used, very effectively, to provide personalized and focused feedback to workers to communicate search process deficiency, trigger self-reflection processes, and improve subsequent hazard search performance. However, providing the personalized visual attention feedback requires the recording of scan paths of individual workers and examining the data manually, which is very time-consuming and susceptible to human errors. Consequently, the manual process can result in inaccurate assessments and inefficient feedback. In an attempt to automate and scale up the generation of personalized feedback, this paper proposes a computer vision-based method that tracks workers in a construction site and automatically locates their fixation points (collected by a wearable eye tracker). Using the localized positions of workers and the fixation data from the wearable eye tracker, each worker’s viewing behavior (i.e., attention distribution, fixation points, etc.) is monitored analyzed to generate personalized feedback for training purposes. The presented case study validates the proposed method and the results show the potential of automating and scaling up personalized feedback generation.}, booktitle={Construction Research Congress 2018}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Jeelani, Idris and Han, Kevin and Albert, Alex}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{namian_albert_feng_2018, place={Reston, Virginia}, title={The Distracted Worker: Effect on Hazard Recognition and Safety Performance}, ISBN={9780784481288}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481288.036}, DOI={10.1061/9780784481288.036}, abstractNote={Hazard recognition is an essential element for successful accident and injury prevention. However, studies have revealed that construction workers fail to identify a large proportion of hazards in their workplaces. Therefore, understanding factors that adversely affect hazard recognition performance is a fundamental step towards improving safety performance. Given the unique, complex, and dynamic nature of construction operations, past research has provided anecdotal evidence suggesting that distraction may be correlated to undesirable safety outcomes such as injuries. For example, Hinze’s distraction theory suggests that workers are more likely to be involved in an accident while they are distracted. However, these theoretical propositions have not been empirically tested. To address this knowledge gap, the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that distracted workers will identify fewer hazards than undistracted workers. To test the hypothesis, an experiment was conducted with 70 construction workers where the participants were randomly assigned to a distracted or an undistracted group. Sixteen pre-selected case images, representing real construction operations, were used to evaluate the hazard recognition performance of the workers. For the distracted group, distraction was induced using visual stimuli presented as unrelated video clips during the hazard recognition activity. The data analysis results showed that the distracted workers recognized a smaller proportion of hazards than the undistracted workers (p-value = 0.003). The research findings indicate that reducing workplace distractions can be a useful intervention to improve the safety performance of construction workers such as hazard recognition levels.}, booktitle={Construction Research Congress 2018}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Namian, Mostafa and Albert, Alex and Feng, Jing}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{zuluaga_albert_2018, title={Using Virtual Prototyping to Select Compatible Fall Protection Supplementary Devices for Bridge Maintenance Work}, ISBN={9780784481288}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481288.010}, DOI={10.1061/9780784481288.010}, abstractNote={Existing bridge guardrails generally serve as an effective barrier to protect workers from falls to lower levels during maintenance work on bridge-decks. However, a large number of bridge guardrails do not fulfill the regulatory height requirement of 42 ± 3 in. for sufficient fall protection. One underutilized but effective solution is to install fall protection supplementary devices (FPSDs) on existing bridge guardrails to increase the overall barrier height while work is being performed. Yet, workers experience significant challenges when attempting to use these devices. First, not all FPSDs available in the market are compatible with every bridge guardrail. Second, workers currently use an inefficient trial-and-error based procedure to test the compatibility between guardrails and FPSD systems in the field. Third, when compatible FPSD systems are not readily available, workers often use less effective fall protection controls that expose workers to higher levels of safety risk. The objective of this study was to find suitable FPSDs compatible with bridge guardrails in North Carolina. To overcome the issues associated with the manual procedure, we used virtual prototyping methods to (1) capture the design characteristics of bridge guardrails and FPSDs, and (2) complete compatibility testing by attempting to attach each FPSD onto each guardrail in a virtual environment. To offer corroborative evidence of the proposed methodology, a case study is presented evaluating the compatibility of commercially available FPSDs with prevailing guardrails in the state of North Carolina. The implementation of this virtual compatibility testing method will allow practitioners to efficiently and cost-effectively select compatible FPSDs to improve safety, efficiency, and productivity. It is anticipated that the advantages of this method over manual techniques will encourage more safety practitioners to adopt FPSD systems to protect their workforce.}, booktitle={Construction Research Congress 2018}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Zuluaga, Carlos M. and Albert, Alex}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @article{jeelani_albert_azevedo_jaselskis_2017, title={Development and Testing of a Personalized Hazard-Recognition Training Intervention}, volume={143}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001256}, abstractNote={AbstractUnrecognized or unmanaged hazards can expose workers to unanticipated safety risk and can potentially result in catastrophic safety incidents. Unfortunately, recent research has demonstrate...}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Jeelani, Idris and Albert, Alex and Azevedo, Roger and Jaselskis, Edward J.}, year={2017}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{jeelani_han_albert_2017, title={Development of Immersive Personalized Training Environment for Construction Workers}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480830.050}, DOI={10.1061/9780784480830.050}, abstractNote={The ability of workers to recognize and manage construction hazards is essential for effective safety management. However, studies have unanimously demonstrated that a large proportion of construction hazards remain unrecognized in dynamic work environments. Such poor hazard recognition levels have been partly attributed to the pervasive use of unengaging and ineffective training practices within construction. To improve training effectiveness, recent efforts have focused on assessing the learning needs of particular workers, and customizing training experiences accordingly to maximize training outcomes. This paper builds upon the previous research by developing an immersive safety training environment that provide a more effective personalized training experience for workers. After development, the degree of realism and immersive experience offered by the training environment was measured and found to be 73% of the real environment. The findings of this study will be useful to practicing professionals seeking to improve training efforts are safety training outcomes.}, booktitle={Computing in Civil Engineering 2017}, author={Jeelani, I. and Han, K. and Albert, A.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={407–415} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_skaggs_kleiner_2017, title={Empirical measurement and improvement of hazard recognition skill}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2016.11.007}, abstractNote={One explanation for high injury rates and the recent plateau in construction safety performance is that workers remain unable to recognize and manage hazards in dynamic and transient construction environments. This notion is supported by recent experimental studies, which revealed that workers are typically unable to identify and manage over 55% of hazards in their immediate work environment. These alarming discoveries prompted a series of multiple baseline experiments that tested three interventions thought to improve hazard recognition. In these studies, data were gathered from over 3000 h of field observations with 103 workers and hazard recognition performance was measured before and after each intervention was introduced. All three interventions caused improvement in overall hazard recognition performance; however, each intervention’s impact on the recognition of specific types of hazards was not evaluated. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by presenting and in-depth analysis of these data that: (1) elucidates micro-level hazard recognition across different hazard types and categories and (2) evaluates the hazard-specific impact of three recently developed interventions. The results reveal that gravity, motion, mechanical, and electrical hazards are associated with the highest baseline hazard recognition levels; whereas temperature, chemical, radiation, and biological hazards were the least recognized hazards in both the baseline and post-intervention phases. This suggests the need for targeted hazard recognition programs that focus on energy sources that are commonly missed.}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R. and Skaggs, Michael and Kleiner, Brian}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={1–8} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_2017, title={Modeling the Role of Social Networks on Hazard Recognition and Communication}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1943-5576"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000337}, abstractNote={Proper hazard recognition and communication are fundamental to injury prevention in construction. When construction hazards remain unrecognized, the likelihood of injuries in the workplace increases. Therefore, construction employers encourage their workers to actively participate in prejob safety meetings to facilitate the recognition, communication, and management of potential safety hazards. However, field-level hazard communication challenges, including ineffective communication channels, differences in language proficiency, and poor safety climate, are significant impediments to effective safety management. In this study, social network analysis was adopted to evaluate the relationship between safety communication patterns among workers and hazard-recognition performance. Specifically, (1) crew-level safety interaction data were compiled for 18 active crews representing six diverse projects in the United States, (2) the hazard-recognition performance of the participating crews was measured though field observatory studies, and (3) the relationship between social interactions and hazard-recognition performance was assessed using social network methods. The research findings suggest that well-connected crews with higher numbers of safety communication ties (i.e., network density) collectively recognize a larger proportion of hazards compared to those crews with fewer ties. Moreover, supervisor centrality in safety communication patterns differentiate crews with higher hazard-recognition levels from their lower-performance counterparts. The findings highlight the importance of network patterns in the communication of construction hazards.}, number={4}, journal={PRACTICE PERIODICAL ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R.}, year={2017}, month={Nov} }
 @article{jeelani_albert_gambatese_2017, title={Why Do Construction Hazards Remain Unrecognized at the Work Interface?}, volume={143}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001274}, abstractNote={AbstractProper hazard recognition is an essential prerequisite to effective safety management. However, recent research has demonstrated that a large proportion of safety hazards remain unrecognize...}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Jeelani, Idris and Albert, Alex and Gambatese, John A.}, year={2017}, month={May} }
 @article{arroyo_fuenzalida_albert_hallowell_2016, title={Collaborating in decision making of sustainable building design: An experimental study comparing CBA and WRC methods}, volume={128}, ISSN={["1872-6178"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.079}, abstractNote={This study compares Choosing By Advantages (CBA) and Weighting Rating and Calculating (WRC) as Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods in how they support collaboration in groups, particularly pertaining to design decisions involving sustainability factors in architecture, engineering and construction industry. This study is based on an experiment done with 15 practitioners, where they formed 5 groups of 3 people each. The experiment used multiple baseline testing (MBT) and all groups made 12 decisions. The initial decisions were made using the WRC method and later, in a staggered manner between the fifth and ninth decision, the groups were taught to apply the CBA method. The CBA method is considered to be the intervention in the experimental design. Four dependent variables were analyzed: (1) time to reach consensus, (2) satisfaction with the final decision, (3) personal frustration during the decision, and (4) perceived frustration from others during the decision. The results showed with statistical significance that CBA was faster than WRC for reaching consensus and presents less personal and perceived frustration during the decision. The results do not show statistical support in favor of any method regarding satisfaction with the final decision.}, journal={ENERGY AND BUILDINGS}, author={Arroyo, Paz and Fuenzalida, Camila and Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R.}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={132–142} }
 @inproceedings{namian_zuluaga_albert_2016, title={Critical factors that impact construction workers' hazard recognition performance}, DOI={10.1061/9780784479827.275}, abstractNote={Most safety initiatives in the construction industry are implemented to manage recognized hazards. Therefore, proper hazard recognition is often the first step to develop effective field-based hazard management strategies. Despite its significance, recent research has demonstrated that construction workers are often unable to recognize hazards sufficiently in dynamic and rapidly changing environments. These unrecognized and unmanaged hazards can potentially result in catastrophic accidents and injuries. Although few studies have developed strategies to improve hazard recognition in general, a thorough understanding of factors impacting worker’s hazard recognition performance is lacking. In this study, through interviews with construction managers and safety professionals, and a thorough review of literature; 36 critical factors impacting worker’s hazard recognition were identified. Examining the identified factors revealed that a multilevel construct existed among factors, and consequently the underlying factors were clustered as personal, organizational, social, situational and industry-related, and miscellaneous factors. After compiling the factors, the participating experts reviewed the factors and validated the findings. The findings of this study can be used by practicing construction professionals to improve hazard recognition during pre-task safety meetings, and to develop a conductive climate that facilitates hazard recognition and management.}, booktitle={Construction Research Congress 2016: Old and New Construction Technologies Converge in Historic San Juan}, author={Namian, M. and Zuluaga, C. M. and Albert, A.}, year={2016}, pages={2762–2772} }
 @inproceedings{zuluaga_namian_albert_2016, title={Impact of training methods on hazard recognition and risk perception in construction}, DOI={10.1061/9780784479827.285}, abstractNote={Disproportionate injury rates continue to be a major issue in the construction industry. Complex working conditions, and the challenges associated with detecting and managing hazards in dynamic environments are partly responsible for these high incident rates. To improve safety performance, employers provide hazard recognition and management training to workers. However, past research reveal that traditional training programs are inadequately designed, and do not facilitate efficient knowledge transfer. This study assessed the perception of training delivery methods, its impact on worker’s hazard recognition performance, and its subsequent influence on worker’s risk perception. Construction personnel from 49 projects in the United States were asked to identify training methods adopted by their organizations. In addition, the hazard recognition ability and risk perception of workers were assessed using a random sample of construction photographs captured from real projects. Strong statistical significance was found between the training’s level of engagement, hazard recognition performance and risk perception. The results of the study can be used by managers to select efficient training methods that will help improve hazard recognition, risk perception and overall safety performance.}, booktitle={Construction Research Congress 2016: Old and New Construction Technologies Converge in Historic San Juan}, author={Zuluaga, C. M. and Namian, M. and Albert, A.}, year={2016}, pages={2861–2871} }
 @article{namian_albert_zuluaga_jaselskis_2016, title={Improving Hazard-Recognition Performance and Safety Training Outcomes: Integrating Strategies for Training Transfer}, volume={142}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001160}, abstractNote={AbstractMost construction safety activities focus on managing identified hazards. Hazards that remain unrecognized, and as a result unmanaged, can potentially result in catastrophic and unexpected injuries. Therefore, proper hazard recognition is foundational to the success of any safety program. However, recent research has revealed that a large proportion of construction hazards remain unrecognized in construction projects. To improve hazard recognition performance, employers provide their workers with safety and hazard recognition training. Despite these efforts, desirable levels of hazard recognition have not been achieved, and the anticipated return on investment (ROI) from training has not been attained. Such failures in training efforts are partly because knowledge acquired through training programs is often not transferred or applied in the workplace. Subsequently, training efforts do not alter work practices or behavior once workers return to the field. Other reasons for training failure include ...}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Namian, Mostafa and Albert, Alex and Zuluaga, Carlos M. and Jaselskis, Edward J.}, year={2016}, month={Oct} }
 @article{namian_albert_zuluaga_behm_2016, title={Role of Safety Training: Impact on Hazard Recognition and Safety Risk Perception}, volume={142}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001198}, abstractNote={AbstractHazard recognition and the accurate perception of safety risk are fundamental to the success of any safety program. When hazards remain unrecognized, or the associated safety risk is underestimated, the likelihood of catastrophic and unexpected injuries dramatically increase. Unfortunately, recent research has found that a large number of hazards in construction remain unrecognized. Likewise, past studies have demonstrated that safety risk is widely underestimated within construction. To improve hazard recognition and the accurate perception of safety risk, employers adopt a wide variety of training programs. However, the prevalent use of ineffective and unengaging training methods have significantly impeded training efforts in construction. The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of safety training on two objective training outcomes: hazard recognition performance and safety risk perception. The research objectives were accomplished by gathering empirical data from 51 active project...}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Namian, Mostafa and Albert, Alex and Zuluaga, Carlos M. and Behm, Michael}, year={2016}, month={Dec} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_lingard_kleiner_2015, title={Multiple Baseline Testing: Experimental Method for Drawing Causal Inferences in Construction Engineering and Management Research}, volume={141}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000983}, abstractNote={AbstractIdentifying and evaluating solutions for critical industry challenges is a major theme of construction engineering and management (CEM) research. Researchers and practitioners in the construction sector often seek to invent, test, implement, and disseminate practical interventions that improve safety, productivity, quality, and other project success factors. Robust scientific research design is imperative for drawing valid causal inferences when testing the impact of new interventions. Unfortunately, the transient and dynamic nature of construction obfuscates the isolation of variables, thus making true experiments impractical or unethical. With roots in pharmaceutical research, multiple baseline testing (MBT), commonly known as multiple baseline design, is a promising and viable experimental technique that provides reinforced evidence for drawing causal inferences and analyzing change. The requisite process of replication through concurrent longitudinal studies, phased implementation, and inter- ...}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R. and Lingard, Helen and Kleiner, Brian M.}, year={2015}, month={Jul} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_kleiner_2014, title={Emerging strategies for construction safety and health hazard recognition}, volume={10}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Safety, Health, and Environmental Research}, author={Albert, A. and Hallowell, M.R. and Kleiner, B}, year={2014}, pages={152–161} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_kleiner_chen_golparvar-fard_2014, title={Enhancing Construction Hazard Recognition with High-Fidelity Augmented Virtuality}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000860}, abstractNote={AbstractMost construction safety management processes rely on the hazard recognition capability of workers. Hazards that remain unidentified can potentially result in catastrophic injuries and illnesses. As such, thorough hazard recognition is fundamentally essential to protect the health and well-being of the construction workforce. Despite its importance, recent research indicates that a large proportion of hazards remain unrecognized, exposing workers to unmitigated risks. Surprisingly, safety research has not adequately focused on developing specialized strategies to develop construction worker competency in hazard recognition. This paper reports a two-year research effort with the following objectives: (1) develop a high-fidelity augmented virtual environment [System for Augmented Virtuality Environment Safety (SAVES)] that helps develop workers’ hazard recognition skill through risk-free learning and immediate feedback; (2) embed cognitive retrieval mnemonics to improve long-term retention of cues f...}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R. and Kleiner, Brian and Chen, Ao and Golparvar-Fard, Mani}, year={2014}, month={Jul} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_kleiner_2014, title={Experimental field testing of a real-time construction hazard identification and transmission technique}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1466-433X"]}, DOI={10.1080/01446193.2014.929721}, abstractNote={Hazard identification and communication are integral to most construction methods, and every construction safety management activity. Unfortunately, in practice, significant hazards are often not recognized and communicated leading to sub-optimal hazard awareness at the crew level. To bridge this gap in performance, we conducted a two-year intensive research project focused on developing a strategy that increases the proportion of hazards identified, communicated, and managed. Specifically, we designed a hazard identification and transmission (HIT) board that is used in conjunction with energy-based retrieval mnemonics and facilitates identifying and communicating hazards during both the planning and the execution phases. The strength of this strategy lies in the fact that workers are able to detect and communicate hazards in real time using energy-source mnemonic cues, which significantly reduces cognitive demand. Following development, we conducted immersive field studies to evaluate the impact of the devised strategy on two projects in the United States. Data from six crews were gathered using the rigorous multiple baseline testing experimental approach and analysis was conducted using interrupted time-series regression models. The results indicate that the crews were able to recognize and communicate only an average of 54% of hazards in the baseline phase, but were able to recognize and communicate 77% during the planning phase after using the intervention. An additional 6% of hazards were identified and communicated in the execution phase. This represents the first known formal effort to evaluate a real-time hazard identification and communication strategy for the construction industry.}, number={10}, journal={CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R. and Kleiner, Brian M.}, year={2014}, pages={1000–1016} }
 @inproceedings{albert_hallowell_2014, title={Modeling the Role of Social Networks in Situational Awareness and Hazard Communication}, ISBN={9780784413517}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413517.179}, DOI={10.1061/9780784413517.179}, abstractNote={Hazard recognition and communication is critical for preventing injuries on construction projects. Across the industry, employers encourage workers to conduct regular pre-job safety meetings and hazard analyses to identify, communicate, and mitigate site-based hazards. Although such programs promote safety, potential benefits are often lost because of inefficient communication channels, differences in language proficiency, and poor safety culture. In this study, we use social network analysis (SNA) to explore the relationship between patterns of worker interaction and situational hazard awareness on active projects in the United States. Specifically, we (1) gathered hazard recognition and communication level data from 18 active construction crews involved in diverse projects and trades through field observations; (2) measured and modeled safety interaction among crew members using social network analysis; and (3) related network characteristics with situational awareness capability of the crews. The results of the study provide strong evidence suggesting that well-connected crews with higher network density outperform poorly-connected crews in identifying and communicating hazards. As a result, it is necessary that safety practitioners not only implement traditional program elements but also promote efficient and frequent interaction among workers of all trades.}, booktitle={Construction Research Congress 2014}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R.}, year={2014}, month={May} }
 @article{tixier_hallowell_albert_boven_kleiner_2014, title={Psychological Antecedents of Risk-Taking Behavior in Construction}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1943-7862"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000894}, abstractNote={AbstractDespite strong advancements in construction safety performance over the past few decades, injuries still occur at an unacceptable rate. Researchers have shown that risk-taking behavior, originating mainly from inaccurate perception and unacceptable tolerance of safety risk, is a significant factor in a majority of construction injuries. Based on psychology research that suggests cognitive interactions between emotions and risk perception, the hypothesis was formed that there are objectively measureable differences in construction safety risk perception between people in different emotional states. To test this hypothesis, a controlled experiment was designed and conducted that (1) induced various positive and negative emotions in 69 subjects using validated movie excerpts; (2) measured emotional states using a validated post-film questionnaire; (3) exposed participants to construction hazards within a high fidelity virtual environment; and (4) measured subjects’ perceptions of the risk related to ...}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Tixier, Antoine J. -P. and Hallowell, Matthew R. and Albert, Alex and Boven, Leaf and Kleiner, Brian M.}, year={2014}, month={Nov} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_kleiner_2013, title={Enhancing construction hazard recognition and communication with energy-based cognitive mnemonics and safety meeting maturity model: Multiple baseline study}, volume={140}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000790}, abstractNote={AbstractNearly every safety management activity is designed around the fundamental and implicit assumption that the workforce is capable of identifying hazards before exposure. Unfortunately, research shows preliminary evidence that construction crews perform relatively poorly with respect to hazard recognition. This may be attributable, in part, to the diverse and dynamic nature of construction work. Consequently, many hazards remain unidentified, uncontrolled, and unmanaged until they are encountered by workers. To advance theory and practice in the area of construction hazard recognition and communication, a large-scale, multiphase research project was conducted with the following objectives: (1) devise a new hazard recognition method based upon the principles of cognitive mnemonics and that promotes hazard recognition skill; (2) build a maturity model to improve hazard recognition performance and encourage hazard communication; and (3) experimentally measure improvement in hazard recognition and commu...}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Construction Engineering and Management}, author={Albert, A. and Hallowell, M. and Kleiner, B.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{albert_hallowell_2013, title={Measuring the effectiveness of pedagogical innovations using multiple baseline testing}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2013 120th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition}, author={Albert, A. and Hallowell, M.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{albert_hallowell_2013, title={Modeling the role of social networks in situational awareness and hazard communication}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress Annual Conference}, author={Albert, A and Hallowell, M.R}, year={2013} }
 @article{albert_hallowel_2013, title={Revamping Occupational Safety and Health Training: Integrating Andragogical Principles for the Adult Learner}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1837-9133"]}, DOI={10.5130/ajceb.v13i3.3178}, abstractNote={Despite attempts to improve safety performance, the construction industry continues to account for a disproportionate rate of injuries. A large proportion of these injuries occur because workers are unable to recognize and respond to hazards in dynamic and unpredictable environments. Unrecognized hazards expose workers to unanticipated risks and can lead to catastrophic accidents. In order to enhance hazard recognition skills, employers often put new and experienced workers through formal hazard recognition training programs. Unfortunately, current training programs primarily rely on instructor-centric pedagogical approaches, which are insensitive to the adult learning process. In order to ensure effective adult learning, training programs must integrate learner-centric andragogical principles to improve engagement and retention in adult trainees. This paper aims to discuss training program elements that can potentially accelerate the adult learning process while improving safety knowledge retention. To this end, the researchers reviewed relevant literature on the cognitive processes of adult learning, essential components of effectual training programs and developed a reliable framework for the training and transfer of safety knowledge. A case example of successfully using the framework is also presented. The results of the study will provide safety trainers and construction professionals with valuable information on developing effective hazard recognition and receptor training programs, with the goal of improving construction safety performance.}, number={3}, journal={CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS AND BUILDING}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowel, Matthew R.}, year={2013}, pages={128–140} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_2013, title={Safety risk management for electrical transmission and distribution line construction}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1879-1042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssci.2012.06.011}, abstractNote={Prior research has established that electrical contractors involved in the construction and maintenance of electrical transmission and distribution (T&D) lines are at extremely high risk of electrocution. The result of inadvertent contact with T&D lines often is death or severe injury that involves damage to internal organs, musculoskeletal disorders, neurological damages and severe burns. The Electrical Safety Foundation International has demonstrated that contact with overhead power lines has been the single largest cause of electrical fatalities over the last decade. To reduce this disproportionate injury rate, electrical contractors implement many strategies such as the use of rubber insulating equipment, and locking devices. Unfortunately, these strategies are often cost-prohibitive in certain construction and maintenance scenarios. Therefore, electrical contractors are faced with complex decisions that involve comparing the cost of injury prevention with the expected safety benefit. This paper presents research that objectively evaluated the risk associated with common T&D construction tasks and the effectiveness of specific injury prevention techniques. The research team then developed a decision support framework that provides electrical contractors with objective safety and cost feedback given specific project characteristics. The results indicate that many of the effective strategies implemented to reduce T&D electrical injuries are very costly (e.g., de-energizing lines). Consequently, under most conditions, the costs of injury prevention far outweigh the cost savings associated with the reduction of injury rates. The implication of these findings is that T&D electrical contractors must highly value the non-monetary benefits of injury prevention in order to improve safety in their sector.}, number={1}, journal={SAFETY SCIENCE}, author={Albert, Alex and Hallowell, Matthew R.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={118–126} }
 @inproceedings{tixier_albert_hallowell_2013, title={Teaching construction hazard recognition through high fidelity augmented reality}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2013 120th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition}, author={Tixier, A. and Albert, A. and Hallowell, M.}, year={2013} }
 @article{albert_hallowell_2012, title={Hazard identification in the construction industry}, DOI={10.1061/9780784412329.041}, abstractNote={Studies have established that construction workers are more likely to be injured than workers in other industries. In the United States, the construction sector has accounted for more than a thousand fatal injuries every year between 1995 and 2008. Although injury rates have reduced substantially in the past decade, the construction industry still accounts for the most on-the-job fatal injuries of any industry. Also, it has been suggested that the observed reduction in injury rates may be attributed to fiscal constraints that resulted in 17% decline in the number of hours worked, rather than the improvement in safety performance. A large portion of construction injuries occur because new workers lack the ability to predict, identify, and respond to hazardous conditions in dynamic work environments. In order to improve workers’ situational awareness, employers often put new workers through hazard recognition training programs. Unfortunately, there is no industry standard method of hazard recognition. In an effort to identify the most promising hazard recognition programs for construction, the research team (1) conducted focus group sessions with a panel of fifteen industry experts; and (2) reviewed literature to identify hazard recognition techniques. The results of this study can be used by practitioners to strategically identify potential hazard reception programs that complement existing methods. Researchers may build on this study by further investigating the most promising strategies by testing them with active crews, measuring their effectiveness, and determining the most cost-effective methods that could potentially become industry standard.}, journal={Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress Annual Conference}, author={Albert, A and Hallowell, M.R}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{albert_hallowell_2012, title={Integrating andragogical learning theory into occupational safety and health training}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2012 Working Commission  on Safety and Health on Construction Sites Annual Conference}, author={Albert, A and Hallowell, M.R}, year={2012} }
 @inproceedings{albert_hallowell_2011, title={Factors influencing the decision to de-energize transmission and distribution lines for electrical contractor safety}, booktitle={Canadian Society of Civil Engineers Annual Conference}, author={Albert, A. and Hallowell, M.}, year={2011} }