@article{redhead_azman_nasaruddin_vu_santos_malheiros_hussin_toomer_2022, title={Peanut Skins as a Natural Antimicrobial Feed Additive To Reduce the Transmission of Salmonella in Poultry Meat Produced for Human Consumption}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1944-9097"]}, DOI={10.4315/JFP-21-205}, abstractNote={Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans. Thus, the development of strategies to control bacterial pathogens in poultry is essential. Peanut skins, a considerable waste by-product of the peanut industry is discarded and of little economic value. However, peanut skins contain identified polyphenolic compounds that have antimicrobial properties. Hence, we aim to investigate the use of peanut skins as an antibacterial feed additive in the diets of broilers to prevent the proliferation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). One hundred sixty male hatchlings (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to (i) peanut skin diet without SE inoculation (PS); (ii) peanut skin diet and SE inoculation (PSSE); (iii) control diet without SE inoculation (CON); and (iv) control diet with SE inoculation (CONSE). Feed intake and body weights were determined at weeks 0 and 5. On days 10 and 24 posthatch, three birds per pen (24 total) from each treatment group were euthanized, and the liver, spleen, small intestine, and ceca were collected. The weights of the liver, spleen, and ceca were recorded. Organ invasion was determined by counting SE colonies. Each pen served as an experimental unit and was analyzed by using a t test. Performance data were analyzed in a completely randomized design by using a general linear mixed model to evaluate differences. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in weekly average pen body weight, total feed consumption, bird weight gain, and feed conversion ratio between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SE CFU per gram for fecal, litter, or feed between the treatment groups CONSE and PSSE. However, for both fecal and litter, the PSSE treatment group tended (P ≤ 0.1) to have a lower Salmonella CFU per gram compared with the CONSE treatment group. The results indicate that peanut skins may have potential application as an antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the transmission or proliferation of SE in poultry environments or flocks.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION}, author={Redhead, Adam k. and Azman, Nur Fatin Inazlina Noor and Nasaruddin, Anis Izzaty and Vu, Thien and Santos, Fernanda and Malheiros, Ramon and Hussin, Anis Shobirin Meor and Toomer, Ondulla T.}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={1479–1487} }
 @misc{mclauchlan_higuera_miesel_rogers_schweitzer_shuman_tepley_varner_veblen_adalsteinsson_et al._2020, title={Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers}, volume={108}, ISSN={["1365-2745"]}, DOI={10.1111/1365-2745.13403}, abstractNote={Fire is a powerful ecological and evolutionary force that regulates organismal traits, population sizes, species interactions, community composition, carbon and nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. It also presents a rapidly growing societal challenge, due to both increasingly destructive wildfires and fire exclusion in fire-dependent ecosystems. As an ecological process, fire integrates complex feedbacks among biological, social and geophysical processes, requiring coordination across several fields and scales of study. Here, we describe the diversity of ways in which fire operates as a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process on Earth. We explore research priorities in six categories of fire ecology: (a) characteristics of fire regimes, (b) changing fire regimes, (c) fire effects on above-ground ecology, (d) fire effects on below-ground ecology, (e) fire behaviour and (f) fire ecology modelling. We identify three emergent themes: the need to study fire across temporal scales, to assess the mechanisms underlying a variety of ecological feedbacks involving fire and to improve representation of fire in a range of modelling contexts. Synthesis: As fire regimes and our relationships with fire continue to change, prioritizing these research areas will facilitate understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of future fires and rethinking fire management alternatives.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY}, author={McLauchlan, Kendra K. and Higuera, Philip E. and Miesel, Jessica and Rogers, Brendan M. and Schweitzer, Jennifer and Shuman, Jacquelyn K. and Tepley, Alan J. and Varner, J. Morgan and Veblen, Thomas T. and Adalsteinsson, Solny A. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={2047–2069} }