@article{pereira_coelho_alves_santos_pereira_silva neta_ferreira_cunha_pairis-garcia_garbossa_2024, title={Dose of phytase from either<i> Aspergillus niger</i> or <i>Escherichia coli </i>on performance of nursery piglets}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2573-2102"]}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txae132}, abstractNote={Abstract Supplementing swine diets with phytase increases phosphorus release by approximately 50% from cereal phytates. The increase in phosphorus availability allows for a reduction in dietary phosphorus supplementation from mineral sources and decreases the environmental impact of pork production through a decrease in phosphorus excretion. Superdosing phytase has been reported to boost swine productivity, improve the digestibility of other nutrients, and mitigate the antinutritional effects of phytates. However, there are significant cost differences among phytase products. Bacterial phytases are considered more modern, often with a higher cost of inclusion. A study was conducted with 288 piglets that were 21 d of age and weighed 6.43 ± 0.956 kg. Pigs were divided into four groups. Each group of pigs was fed a different experimental diet varying in phytase source and level: fungal phytase (Aspergillus niger) at 500 FTU/kg of diet, fungal phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg, bacterial phytase (Escherichia coli) at 500 FTU/kg, and bacterial phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg. No differences were found for phytase sources or doses on productivity at 14 and 21 d postweaning. However, piglets supplemented with 2,000 FTUs/kg of phytase in the diet during the first 21 d of nursery exhibited a 5.8% better feed conversion (P = 0.02). An interaction between phytase source and dose was observed for average live weight and daily weight gain over the 42-d nursery period (P < 0.05). Supplementing the diet with 2,000 FTU/kg of fungal phytase improved daily weight gain and live weight throughout the experimental period compared to piglets supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of the same phytase source. Additionally, it resulted in better final weights compared to piglets supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of bacterial phytase. Phytase inclusion at 2,000 FTU/kg improved feed conversion by 2.07% over the 42-d nursery period. The most economically favorable feed conversion ratios were observed when supplementing the diet with fungal phytase at 2,000 FTUs/kg.}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Pereira, Francisco Alves and Coelho, Flavio Aguiar and Alves, Laya Kannan Silva and Santos, Fernanda Mariane and Pereira, Erick Marlon and Silva Neta, Clarice Speridiao and Ferreira, Felipe Norberto Alves and Cunha, Ana Caroline Rodrigues and Pairis-Garcia, Monique Danielle and Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil}, year={2024}, month={Sep} }
 @article{toomer_redhead_vu_santos_malheiros_proszkowiec-weglarz_2024, title={The effect of peanut skins as a natural antimicrobial feed additive on ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens inoculated with <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Enteritidis}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2024.104159}, abstractNote={The consumption of poultry products contaminated with Salmonella species is one of the most common causes of Salmonella infections. In vivo studies demonstrated the potential application of peanut skins (PS) as an antimicrobial poultry feed additive to help mitigate the proliferation of Salmonella in poultry environments. Tons of PS, a waste by-product of the peanut industry, are generated and disposed in U.S. landfills annually. Peanut skins and extracts have been shown to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Hence, we aimed to determine the effect of PS as a feed additive on the gut microbiota of broilers fed a control or PS supplemented (4% inclusion) diet and inoculated with or without Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (SE). At hatch 160 male broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: (1) CON-control diet without SE, (2) PS-PS diet without SE, (3) CONSE-control diet with SE, (4) PSSE-PS diet with SE. On day 3, birds from CONSE and PSSE treatments were inoculated with 4.2×109 CFU/ml SE. At termination (4wk), 10 birds/treatment were euthanized and ileal and cecal contents were collected for 16S rRNA analysis using standard methodologies. Sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME2. No effect of PS or SE was observed on ileal alpha and beta diversity, while evenness, richness, number of ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) and Shannon, as well as beta diversity were significantly (P < 0.05) affected in ceca. Similarly, more differentially abundant taxa between treatment groups were identified in ceca than in ileum. However, more microbiota functional changes, based on the PICRUST2 prediction, were observed in ileum. Overall, relatively minor changes in microbiota were observed during SE infection and PS treatment, suggesting that PS addition may not attenuate the SE proliferation, as shown previously, through modulation of microbiota in gastrointestinal tract. However, while further studies are warranted, these results suggest that PS may potentially serve as a functional feed additive for poultry for improvement of animal health.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Toomer, Ondulla T. and Redhead, Adam K. and Vu, Thien C. and Santos, Fernanda and Malheiros, Ramon and Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika}, year={2024}, month={Nov} }
 @article{redhead_azman_nasaruddin_vu_santos_malheiros_hussin_toomer_2022, title={Peanut Skins as a Natural Antimicrobial Feed Additive To Reduce the Transmission of Salmonella in Poultry Meat Produced for Human Consumption}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1944-9097"]}, DOI={10.4315/JFP-21-205}, abstractNote={Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans. Thus, the development of strategies to control bacterial pathogens in poultry is essential. Peanut skins, a considerable waste by-product of the peanut industry is discarded and of little economic value. However, peanut skins contain polyphenolic compounds identified that have antimicrobial properties. Hence, we aim to investigate the use of peanut skins as an antibacterial feed additive in the diets of broilers to prevent the proliferation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). One hundred sixty male hatchlings (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to, (1) PS: peanut skin diet without SE inoculation (2) PSSE: peanut skin diet and SE inoculation 3) CON: control diet without SE inoculation (4) CONSE: control diet with SE inoculation. Feed intake and body weights were determined at week 0 and 5. On days 10 and 24 post hatch, 3 birds/pen (24 total) from each treatment group were euthanized and the liver, spleen, small intestine, and ceca were collected. The weights of the liver, spleen and ceca were recorded. Organ invasion was determined by counting SE colonies. Each pen served as an experimental unit and was analyzed using a t-test. Performance data was analyzed in a completely randomized design using a general linear mixed model to evaluate differences. There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) in weekly average pen body weight, total feed consumption, bird weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SE CFU/g for fecal, litter or feed between treatment groups CONSE and PSSE. However, for both fecal and litter, the PSSE treatment group tended (P ≤0.1) to have a lower Salmonella CFU/g compared to the CONSE treatment group. The results indicate that peanut skins may have potential application as an antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the transmission or proliferation of SE in poultry environments or flocks.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION}, author={Redhead, Adam k. and Azman, Nur Fatin Inazlina Noor and Nasaruddin, Anis Izzaty and Vu, Thien and Santos, Fernanda and Malheiros, Ramon and Hussin, Anis Shobirin Meor and Toomer, Ondulla T.}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={1479–1487} }
 @misc{mclauchlan_higuera_miesel_rogers_schweitzer_shuman_tepley_varner_veblen_adalsteinsson_et al._2020, title={Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers}, volume={108}, ISSN={["1365-2745"]}, DOI={10.1111/1365-2745.13403}, abstractNote={Abstract


Fire is a powerful ecological and evolutionary force that regulates organismal traits, population sizes, species interactions, community composition, carbon and nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. It also presents a rapidly growing societal challenge, due to both increasingly destructive wildfires and fire exclusion in fire‐dependent ecosystems. As an ecological process, fire integrates complex feedbacks among biological, social and geophysical processes, requiring coordination across several fields and scales of study.

Here, we describe the diversity of ways in which fire operates as a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process on Earth. We explore research priorities in six categories of fire ecology: (a) characteristics of fire regimes, (b) changing fire regimes, (c) fire effects on above‐ground ecology, (d) fire effects on below‐ground ecology, (e) fire behaviour and (f) fire ecology modelling.

We identify three emergent themes: the need to study fire across temporal scales, to assess the mechanisms underlying a variety of ecological feedbacks involving fire and to improve representation of fire in a range of modelling contexts.

Synthesis: As fire regimes and our relationships with fire continue to change, prioritizing these research areas will facilitate understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of future fires and rethinking fire management alternatives.

}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY}, author={McLauchlan, Kendra K. and Higuera, Philip E. and Miesel, Jessica and Rogers, Brendan M. and Schweitzer, Jennifer and Shuman, Jacquelyn K. and Tepley, Alan J. and Varner, J. Morgan and Veblen, Thomas T. and Adalsteinsson, Solny A. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={2047–2069} }