@article{hurd_payton_hood_2024, title={Targeting Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Health Care to Reduce Bias and Improve Population Health}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1468-0009"]}, DOI={10.1111/1468-0009.12712}, abstractNote={Policy Points Artificial intelligence (AI) is disruptively innovating health care and surpassing our ability to define its boundaries and roles in health care and regulate its application in legal and ethical ways. Significant progress has been made in governance in the United States and the European Union. It is incumbent on developers, end users, the public, providers, health care systems, and policymakers to collaboratively ensure that we adopt a national AI health strategy that realizes the Quintuple Aim; minimizes race‐based medicine; prioritizes transparency, equity, and algorithmic vigilance; and integrates the patient and community voices throughout all aspects of AI development and deployment.}, journal={MILBANK QUARTERLY}, author={Hurd, Thelma C. and Payton, Fay Cobb and Hood, Darryl B.}, year={2024}, month={Aug} } @article{fedorowicz_payton_chan_kim_te'eni_2023, title={DEI in the IS discipline: What can we do better?}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1873-1198"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jsis.2023.101775}, abstractNote={Recent diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts have made some limited progress in addressing underrepresentation and unequal opportunities for minority members in the Information Systems (IS) academic community. The Association for Information Systems (AIS), as the preeminent global professional society for the IS discipline, is tasked with acting on behalf of its members and their colleagues to achieve equity and inclusion for its diverse membership. This editorial has two aims: (1) to share the extent to which positive changes have been made and also the extent to which underrepresentation still pervades the IS academic community, especially at the senior ranks and in positions of power, and (2) to propose a coordinated, strategic focus that our field, our journals and conferences, and our association (AIS) can take to further improve diversity and inclusion for both junior and senior minority colleagues.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS}, author={Fedorowicz, Jane and Payton, Fay Cobb and Chan, Yolande E. and Kim, Yong Jin and Te'eni, Dov}, year={2023}, month={Jun} } @article{payton_yarger_mbarika_2022, title={Black Lives Matter: A perspective from three Black information systems scholars}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1365-2575"]}, DOI={10.1111/isj.12342}, abstractNote={AbstractProfessional computing organisations, including the ACM, IEEE and INFORMS published statements supporting Black Lives Matter during the 2020 racial unrest in the United States. While the voices of these professional organisations are echoed from positions of power, the concerns of Black IS professors are silenced. In this opinion piece, we centre on the voices of Black professors who seek to thrive in an IS field where they are woefully underrepresented, tokenized, isolated, marginalised and excluded from positions of power. Building on the Black Lives Matter movement's momentum, we offer critical insights about our lived experiences and examine pertinent issues. These issues include systemic racism in the ivory tower and the performative nature of diversity work in the academy. In direct response to the Help the Association of Information Systems (AIS) Build a System that Provides Equality for All, we offer an inclusive framework for promoting transparency, justification, compliance and enforcement of the AIS's action plan for widening participation in IS.}, number={1}, journal={INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Yarger, Lynette and Mbarika, Victor}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={222–232} } @article{payton_busch_2020, title={Examining Undergraduate Computer Science Participation in North Carolina}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1557-7317"]}, DOI={10.1145/3372122}, abstractNote={Data on CS graduation rates among six academic institutions in NC traces the demographics of those participating (or not) in the discipline.}, number={8}, journal={COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Busch, Alexa}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={60–68} } @article{yarger_cobb payton_neupane_2020, title={Algorithmic equity in the hiring of underrepresented IT job candidates}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1468-4535"]}, DOI={10.1108/OIR-10-2018-0334}, abstractNote={ Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a critical analysis of talent acquisition software and its potential for fostering equity in the hiring process for underrepresented IT professionals. The under-representation of women, African-American and Latinx professionals in the IT workforce is a longstanding issue that contributes to and is impacted by algorithmic bias. Design/methodology/approach Sources of algorithmic bias in talent acquisition software are presented. Feminist design thinking is presented as a theoretical lens for mitigating algorithmic bias. Findings Data are just one tool for recruiters to use; human expertise is still necessary. Even well-intentioned algorithms are not neutral and should be audited for morally and legally unacceptable decisions. Feminist design thinking provides a theoretical framework for considering equity in the hiring decisions made by talent acquisition systems and their users. Social implications This research implies that algorithms may serve to codify deep-seated biases, making IT work environments just as homogeneous as they are currently. If bias exists in talent acquisition software, the potential for propagating inequity and harm is far more significant and widespread due to the homogeneity of the specialists creating artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Originality/value This work uses equity as a central concept for considering algorithmic bias in talent acquisition. Feminist design thinking provides a framework for fostering a richer understanding of what fairness means and evaluating how AI software might impact marginalized populations. }, number={2}, journal={ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW}, author={Yarger, Lynette and Cobb Payton, Fay and Neupane, Bikalpa}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={383–395} } @article{payton_berki_2019, title={Countering the Negative Image of Women in Computing}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1557-7317"]}, DOI={10.1145/3319422}, abstractNote={A positive image would inspire the capable but underrepresented who might otherwise give up on computing.}, number={5}, journal={COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Berki, Eleni}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={56–63} } @article{hicklin_ivy_payton_viswanathan_myers_2018, title={Exploring the Value of Waiting During Labor}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2164-3970"]}, DOI={10.1287/serv.2018.0205}, abstractNote={ Of the nearly four million births that occur each year in the United States, almost one in three is a cesarean delivery. Despite the increasing C-section rate over the years, there is no evidence that the increase has caused a decrease in neonatal or maternal mortality or morbidity. Bayesian decision analysis is used to model the decision between classifying a patient as “failure-to-progress,” which is cause for a C-section, using current information (prior probability) or information gathered (posterior probability) as labor continues. The Bayesian decision models determine the conditions under which it is appropriate to gather additional information (i.e., take an observation) before deciding to end labor and perform a C-section based on the decision maker’s belief about successful labor. During an observation period, the decision maker learns more about the patient and her medical state and the likelihood of a successful vaginal delivery is updated. This study determines the conditional value of information (conditional on the decision maker’s prior belief) and determines the conditions under which information has positive value. This model can be used to facilitate shared decision making for labor and delivery through communicating beliefs, risk perceptions, and the associated actions. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2018.0205 . }, number={3}, journal={SERVICE SCIENCE}, author={Hicklin, Karen and Ivy, Julie S. and Payton, Fay Cobb and Viswanathan, Meera and Myers, Evan}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={334–353} } @article{kvasny_payton_2018, title={Managing Hypervisibility in the HIV Prevention Information-Seeking Practices of Black Female College Students}, volume={69}, ISSN={["2330-1643"]}, DOI={10.1002/asi.24001}, abstractNote={While information resources have contributed to the overall decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States, these benefits have not been experienced equally. Our article describes formative research conducted as part of a larger study focused on the development of an online HIV prevention platform tailored for Black female college students. To inform the design of our platform, we conducted focus groups with 60 Black women enrolled at two predominantly White institutions (PWIs). The purpose of the focus groups was to understand information needs, awareness of specific information resources, and the search strategies employed for finding and evaluating HIV prevention information. We used hypervisibility as a sensitizing lens for making sense of how the intersecting gender and racial identities of Black womanhood shape information‐seeking behavior. Four themes emerged: platform choice and privacy, relatability, respectability politics, and silence on campus. The themes depict discursive representations specific to Black female identity to manage stigma, reduce their hypervisibility, and amplify their authentic voices in the broader HIV prevention discourse. Our findings contribute to human information behavior scholarship on marginalized groups.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Kvasny, Lynette and Payton, Fay Cobb}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={798–806} } @article{hicklin_ivy_wilson_cobb payton_viswanathan_myers_2019, title={Simulation model of the relationship between cesarean section rates and labor duration}, volume={22}, ISSN={1386-9620 1572-9389}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10729-018-9449-3}, DOI={10.1007/s10729-018-9449-3}, abstractNote={Cesarean delivery is the most common major abdominal surgery in many parts of the world, and it accounts for nearly one-third of births in the United States. For a patient who requires a C-section, allowing prolonged labor is not recommended because of the increased risk of infection. However, for a patient who is capable of a successful vaginal delivery, performing an unnecessary C-section can have a substantial adverse impact on the patient's future health. We develop two stochastic simulation models of the delivery process for women in labor; and our objectives are (i) to represent the natural progression of labor and thereby gain insights concerning the duration of labor as it depends on the dilation state for induced, augmented, and spontaneous labors; and (ii) to evaluate the Friedman curve and other labor-progression rules, including their impact on the C-section rate and on the rates of maternal and fetal complications. To use a shifted lognormal distribution for modeling the duration of labor in each dilation state and for each type of labor, we formulate a percentile-matching procedure that requires three estimated quantiles of each distribution as reported in the literature. Based on results generated by both simulation models, we concluded that for singleton births by nulliparous women with no prior complications, labor duration longer than two hours (i.e., the time limit for labor arrest based on the Friedman curve) should be allowed in each dilation state; furthermore, the allowed labor duration should be a function of dilation state.}, number={4}, journal={Health Care Management Science}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Hicklin, Karen T. and Ivy, Julie S. and Wilson, James R. and Cobb Payton, Fay and Viswanathan, Meera and Myers, Evan R.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={635–657} } @article{payton_yarger_pinter_2018, title={Text Mining Mental Health Reports for Issues Impacting Today's College Students: Qualitative Study}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2368-7959"]}, DOI={10.2196/10032}, abstractNote={ Background A growing number of college students are experiencing personal circumstances or encountering situations that feel overwhelming and negatively affect their academic studies and other aspects of life on campus. To meet this growing demand for counseling services, US colleges and universities are offering a growing variety of mental health services that provide support and services to students in distress. Objective In this study, we explore mental health issues impacting college students using a corpus of news articles, foundation reports, and media stories. Mental health concerns within this population have been on the rise. Uncovering the most salient themes articulated in current news and literature reports can better enable higher education institutions to provide health services to its students. Methods We used SAS Text Miner to analyze 165 references that were published from 2010 to 2015 and focused on mental health among college students. Key clusters were identified to reveal the themes that were most significant to the topic. Results The final cluster analysis yielded six themes in students’ mental health experiences in higher education (ie, age, race, crime, student services, aftermath, victim). Two themes, increasing demand for student services provided by campus counseling centers (113/165, 68.5%) and the increased mental health risks faced by racial and ethnic minorities (30/165, 18.2%), dominated the discourse. Conclusions Higher education institutions are actively engaged in extending mental health services and offering targeted outreach to students of color. Cluster analysis identified that institutions are devoting more and innovative resources in response to the growing number students who experience mental health concerns. However, there is a need to focus on proactive approaches to mitigate the causes of mental health and the aftermath of a negative experience, particularly violence and sexual assault. Such strategies can potentially influence how students navigate their health information seeking and how information and communication technologies, including mobile apps, can partially address the needs of college students. }, number={4}, journal={JMIR MENTAL HEALTH}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Yarger, Lynette Kvasny and Pinter, Anthony Thomas}, year={2018}, month={Oct} } @article{nataraj_ivy_payton_norman_2018, title={Diabetes and the hospitalized patient: A cluster analytic framework for characterizing the role of sex, race and comorbidity from 2006 to 2011}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1572-9389"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10729-017-9408-4}, abstractNote={In the US, one in four adults has two or more chronic conditions; this population accounts for two thirds of healthcare spending. Comorbidity, the presence of multiple simultaneous health conditions in an individual, is increasing in prevalence and has been shown to impact patient outcomes negatively. Comorbidities associated with diabetes are correlated with increased incidence of preventable hospitalizations, longer lengths of stay (LOS), and higher costs. This study focuses on sex and race disparities in outcomes for hospitalized adult patients with and without diabetes. The objective is to characterize the impact of comorbidity burden, measured as the Charlson Weighted Index of Comorbidities (WIC), on outcomes including LOS, total charges, and disposition (specifically, probability of routine discharge home). Data from the National Inpatient Sample (2006-2011) were used to build a cluster-analytic framework which integrates cluster analysis with multivariate and logistic regression methods, for several goals: (i) to evaluate impact of these covariates on outcomes; (ii) to identify the most important comorbidities in the hospitalized population; and (iii) to create a simplified WIC score. Results showed that, although hospitalized women had better outcomes than men, the impact of diabetes was worse for women. Also, non-White patients had longer lengths of stay and higher total charges. Furthermore, the simplified WIC performed equivalently in the generalized linear models predicting standardized total charges and LOS, suggesting that this new score can sufficiently capture the important variability in the data. Our findings underscore the need to evaluate the differential impact of diabetes on physiology and treatment in women and in minorities.}, number={4}, journal={HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SCIENCE}, author={Nataraj, Nisha and Ivy, Julie Simmons and Payton, Fay Cobb and Norman, Joseph}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={534–553} } @article{payton_pinto_2018, title={Hospital Social Media Strategies: Patient or Organization Centric?}, ISBN={["978-1-5225-3926-1"]}, DOI={10.4018/978-1-5225-3926-1.ch024}, abstractNote={This chapter describes the role social media plays in patient communication at hospitals. The chapter explores how social media platforms are used by national and local hospitals to deliver higher quality healthcare and increase patient engagement. Using an in-depth literature review and semi-structured interviews at two local hospitals, the chapter assesses how hospitals approach traditional and social media strategies. The chapter identifies the importance of using both online and offline communication strategies for the most comprehensive and effective delivery of healthcare. The chapter also includes a discussion of how social media has the ability to influence health information seeking and the patient-physician relationship.}, journal={HEALTH CARE DELIVERY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE: CONCEPTS, METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS, AND APPLICATIONS}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Pinto, Natasha}, year={2018}, pages={480–487} } @article{joshi_trauth_kvasny_morgan_payton_2017, title={Making black lives matter in the information technology profession: Issues, perspectives, and a call for action}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={Data Base For Advances in Information Systems}, author={Joshi, K. D. and Trauth, E. and Kvasny, L. and Morgan, A. J. and Payton, F. C.}, year={2017}, pages={21–34} } @article{trauth_joshi_kvasny_morgan_payton_2016, title={Making Black Lives Matter in the Information Technology Profession}, DOI={10.1145/2890602.2890617}, abstractNote={The phrase "social change is a beautiful thing," appeared in a tweet from a student during demonstrations at the University of Missouri in November 2015. The events that motivated this tweet point to the work that still needs to occur to bring greater racial equality to American society. In this regard, a question for IT professionals, both academics and practitioners, is: "What can the SIGMIS CPR community do to foster greater inclusion of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups into our profession?" These panelists provide some answers to this question by discussing their research and interventions to diversify the IT field and promote greater racial and ethnic representation within it.}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 ACM SIGMIS CONFERENCE ON COMPUTERS AND PEOPLE RESEARCH (SIGMIS-CPR'16)}, author={Trauth, Eileen and Joshi, K. D. and Kvasny, Lynette and Morgan, Allison J. and Payton, Fay Cobb}, year={2016}, pages={123–124} } @article{payton_kvasny_2016, title={Online HIV awareness and technology affordance benefits for black female collegians - maybe not: the case of stigma}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1527-974X"]}, DOI={10.1093/jamia/ocw017}, abstractNote={Abstract Objective: We investigate the technology affordances associated with and anticipated from an online human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention awareness platform, myHealthImpactNetwork, intended to reach black female college students. This population is at increased risk for HIV transmission, but is not often studied. In addition, this population regularly uses digital tools, including Web sites and social media platforms, to engage in health information seeking. Materials and Methods: We conducted 11 focus groups with 60 black female college students attending 2 universities in the United States. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analyses. Results: Contrary to our proposition, the participants’ information needs did not align with the anticipated benefits associated with the technology affordances of the prevention awareness platform. Concerns about personal online social capital, reputation management, and stigma limited participants’ willingness to engage with the HIV prevention content on the website. Discussion: Although the participants use digital tools as a primary means of becoming informed about health, concerns that friends, family, and others in their social networks would assume that they were HIV infected limited their willingness to engage with myHealthImpactNetwork. Print media and conversations with health care professionals were preferred channels for obtaining HIV prevention information. Conclusions: Perceptions of stigma associated with HIV negatively impact health information seeking and sharing in the online social networks in which black college students engage. However, by understanding the unanticipated consequences, researchers can effectively design for cultures and subcultures infected and affected by health disparities.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Kvasny, Lynette}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={1121–1126} } @article{payton_2016, title={Cultures of participationfor students, by students}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1365-2575"]}, DOI={10.1111/isj.12086}, abstractNote={AbstractCulturally relevant health information is said to benefit diverse populations and is critical for health dissemination and user experience creation. Social media and online content provide mechanisms to engage specific populations while helping to reduce barriers that can often hinder participation and engagement. Using action research and informed by co‐creation theory, the MyHealthImpactNetwork.org initiative seeks to provide a user experience targeting Black female college students. Data were collected from females at a large university located in the Southeast United States. Through focus group participants' feedback, co‐creation with students as design delegates and reviews of social media resentments, MyHealthImpactNetwork.org evolved to include user‐driven content. Results indicate that Black females are interested in HIV prevention information that uses simple, non‐technical health jargon. The information should be, however, socially engaging to enable their voices to be heard, absent of cultural assumptions and biases about Black women, and embody an ownership ethos relative to social content. Informed by principals of canonical action research and the co‐creation that results between the researcher and potential user, these findings suggest that the hedonic dimension underpins the key design lessons. This research helps to fill a void in the literature regarding the creation of user experiences for health‐related messages, particularly those regarding stigmatized conditions, such as HIV, while designing for cultures of participation among under‐represented groups.}, number={4}, journal={INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={319–338} } @article{nagarajan_zhang_cobb payton_massarweh_2014, title={Inferring breast cancer concomitant diagnosis and comorbidities from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample using social network analysis}, volume={3}, ISSN={2047-6965 2047-6973}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/HS.2014.4}, DOI={10.1057/HS.2014.4}, abstractNote={Breast cancer is a complex disease and may be accompanied by other multiple health conditions. The present study investigates associations between diagnosis codes in breast cancer patients using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample data. Concomitant diagnoses codes are identified by statistically significant associations between the diagnoses codes in a given breast cancer patient. These are subsequently represented in the form of a network (Breast Cancer Concomitant Diagnosis Network (BCCDN)). In contrast to more classical approaches, BCCDN provides system-level insights and convenient visualization reflected by the complex wiring patterns between the diagnoses codes. Social network analysis is used to investigate highly connected codes in the BCCDN network, and their variation across three different populations: (i) the deceased breast cancer population (ii) the elderly breast cancer population (age>65 years) and (iii) the adult breast cancer population (age <=65 years). BCCDNs were investigated across years 2005 and 2006 in order to identify associations that are robust to the stratified sampling and population heterogeneity as well as possible errors in documentation characteristic of observational healthcare data. The results presented validate known chronic comorbidities and their persistence across the deceased and elderly breast cancer population. They also provide novel associations and potential comorbidities in breast cancer patients that may warrant a more detailed investigation.}, number={2}, journal={Health Systems}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Nagarajan, Radhakrishnan and Zhang, Shengfan and Cobb Payton, Fay and Massarweh, Suleiman}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={136–142} } @book{payton_2014, title={Leveraging intersectionality: Seeing and not seeing}, publisher={Phoenix, Arizona: Richer Press}, author={Payton, F. C.}, year={2014} } @article{cobb payton_kvasny_kiwanuka-tondo_2014, title={Online HIV prevention information}, volume={24}, ISSN={1066-2243}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IntR-09-2013-0193}, DOI={10.1108/intr-09-2013-0193}, abstractNote={ Purpose – Two research questions are addressed: what are black female college students’ perceptions of current messages present on web sites about HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention?; and what messages do black female college students find culturally relevant to them, and why? Results indicate that these women perceive several communication barriers including lack of trust and unfamiliarity with information sources, stigma ascribed to HIV, as well as misconceptions and traditional values held by some in the black community and health institutions. HIV prevention messages are perceived as relevant if they exhibit qualities including interactive features. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To understand black collegiate women as health information seekers, it is important to engage paradigms that allow researchers to make sense of how group members construct their content needs, what helps shape this construction, and the meaning derived from the consumption of the information, focus groups are an effective qualitative method for enabling collective discussion and interaction between research participants that facilitates the exploration of under-researched topics like HIV prevention as well as the language commonly used by respondents to describe HIV from a socio-cultural perspective. The research team conducted three focus groups to appraise current black female college students’ attitudes and perceptions of messages presented on HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness web sites Findings – HIV prevention messages are perceived as relevant if they exhibit qualities including interactive features, practical advice using non-technical vocabulary, content authored and disseminated by familiar and trustworthy individuals and institutions, and risk related to individual behaviors rather than the demographic group. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research on the design of health information systems are provided. Research limitations/implications – This research is based on a small sample size based on one region of the USA. Practical implications – Health communication materials should also provide strategies for dispelling myths, and combating feelings of stigma, and mistrust. In addition, practical advice such as questions to ask physicians may help to produce positive and desirable outcomes as black women seek services from the healthcare system. The message itself must take into account a number of factors include short and simple messages, clean web pages, navigation structures that make information easy to find, comprehensive information all found in a single web site, and interactive features to facilitate discussion and sharing. In particular, with social media, women can also play a role in the creation and dissemination of health messages in multiple modalities including text, spoken word, still and moving images, and music. Social implications – “A major component of preventive health practice is the availability and provision of information regarding risks to health and promotional measures for enhancing the health status among this population” (Gollop, 1997, p. 142). However, as Dervin (2005) cautions, while information is necessary, it is insufficient to encourage behavior change. To combat the health disparities that differentially impact African-American women requires expertize and understanding from multiple perspectives. By providing insight into how black collegiate women perceive HIV prevention information needs, the women in the focus groups lend a necessary voice in the effort toward healthy equity through the creation of effective health interventions that will appeal to them. Originality/value – The author seeks to create an online and socially connected experience characteristic of ongoing user input and active engagement in content development which targets the population. From a human-computer interaction viewpoint, the authors are seeking to avoid design divorced from context and meaning. In developing such an experience, the authors will need to triangulate the roles of culture, context, and design to reduce the content divide, yet amplify the notion of participatory web. Participatory web embodies a social justice movement to build web content from voices typically dampened in the discourse. It (re)shapes meaning, identity, and ecologies in the process of foci on particular social, health, and political causes (e.g. HIV/AIDS). Giving black women ownership over the creation of health information on the internet may improve the ability to provide targeted HIV prevention content that is culturally salient and more effective in reducing HIV infections in this community. }, number={4}, journal={Internet Research}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Cobb Payton, Fay and Kvasny, Lynette and Kiwanuka-Tondo, James}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={520–542} } @article{zhang_payton_ivy_2013, title={Characterizing the impact of mental disorders on HIV patient length of stay and total charges}, volume={3}, ISSN={1948-8300 1948-8319}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19488300.2013.820238}, DOI={10.1080/19488300.2013.820238}, abstractNote={There are over one million people in the United States living with HIV/AIDS, 20% of whom are undiagnosed, increasing the risk of transmission and the burden on the healthcare system. Those with comorbid diseases may be particularly vulnerable. This paper studies the impact of comorbidities, with a particular focus on mental disorders, on HIV patient outcomes as measured by patient length of stay (LOS) and total charges. Generalized linear models (gamma models) allowing heteroscedasticity are developed to characterize the effects of selected comorbidities on HIV patient outcomes in the adult 2006 National Inpatient Sample. Comorbid HIV patients experience different LOS and total charges. In particular, having mental disorders resulted in a decrease in both LOS (19%) and total charges (15%) for HIV patients. To characterize the role of individual mental disorders, principal component and cluster analyses on ICD-9 codes are used to study the impact of mental disorder, and eight conditions are found to be most strongly associated with HIV. Gamma models with these identified mental disorders as independent variables are then developed. The results have shown different effects on LOS and charges for each condition, and special attention should be given to those mental disorders (e.g., drug dependence) that increased LOS and charges when present.}, number={3}, journal={IIE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Zhang, Shengfan and Payton, Fay Cobb and Ivy, Julie Simmons}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={139–146} } @article{payton_kvasny_2012, title={Considering the political roles of Black talk radio and the Afrosphere in response to the Jena 6 Social media and the blogosphere}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1758-5813"]}, DOI={10.1108/09593841211204353}, abstractNote={Purpose – This paper seeks to present the Black blogosphere’s discussion of the Jena 6 case to uncover how ethnic identity is performed discursively to promote social activism. Design/methodology/approach – Through an analysis of Black blog postings reporting on the Jena 6 case, this case study chronicles the way in which Black audiences responded to this news story. The research chronicles the ways in which Black audiences responded to the Jena 6 news story and how Black blogs expanded participation in the discussion of events related to Black interests. Findings – The findings point to critiques of dominant cultural meanings about race relations and racial injustice. In addition, the findings suggest that social media has become an additional medium that is effectively used by African Americans’ in their historical struggle for civil rights. By chronicling the ways in which Black audiences responded to this news story, the paper demonstrates that Black blogs provide a useful space for discussing perceived racial injustice from a diverse African American cultural perspective. Moreover, Black bloggers are able to raise awareness of racial injustice within both the Black community and the broader US society and mobilize collective action. Practical implications – New divides may be emerging because of limitations on what you can do on a mobile device. This increase in mobile internet access and the accompanying differences in internet experience heightens the need for studies that examine culturally salient behavioral aspects of use and interpersonal relationships characterized by social support, communication, and resource sharing. Originality/value – Through an analysis of Black blog postings reporting on the Jena 6 case, this study chronicles the way in which Black audiences responded to this news story. The findings point to critiques of dominant cultural meanings about race relations and racial injustice. In addition, our findings suggest that the momentum of this social movement was based in the political and economic dynamics of a community; however, social media is enabling critical global, yet vigorous conversion of activism}, number={1}, journal={INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & PEOPLE}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Kvasny, Lynette}, year={2012}, pages={81–102} } @article{brailsford_harper_lerouge_payton_2012, title={Editorial}, volume={1}, ISSN={2047-6965 2047-6973}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/hs.2012.9}, DOI={10.1057/hs.2012.9}, number={1}, journal={Health Systems}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Brailsford, Sally and Harper, Paul and LeRouge, Cynthia and Payton, Fay Cobb}, year={2012}, month={Jun}, pages={1–6} } @article{payton_pare_lerouge_reddy_2011, title={Special issue health care IT: Process, people, patients and interdisciplinary considerations}, volume={12}, DOI={10.17705/1jais.00259}, abstractNote={,}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the Association for Information Systems}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Pare, G. and LeRouge, C. and Reddy, M.}, year={2011}, pages={I-} } @book{tan_payton_2010, title={Adaptive health management information systems: Concepts, cases, and practical applications}, ISBN={9780763756918}, publisher={Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett}, author={Tan, J. and Payton, F.C.}, year={2010} } @article{kifle_payton_mbarika_meso_2010, title={Transfer and Adoption of Advanced Information Technology Solutions in Resource-Poor Environments: The Case of Telemedicine Systems Adoption in Ethiopia}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1556-3669"]}, DOI={10.1089/tmj.2009.0008}, abstractNote={The study of the adoption of information technology (IT) by individuals has taken two approaches, one emphasizing rationalistic goal-oriented behavior and the other focusing on poignant forces that influence an individual's reaction to a new IT. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Individuals' acceptance and subsequent usage of a new IT is predicated on both. Additionally, the tendency in past studies has been to examine either the rational or the poignant factors in the context of a "resource-rich" environment-one in which there is an abundance of IT, adequate infrastructure, and a high level of acculturation to technology solutions. Consequently, there is a clear need for the examination of these factors in resource-poor environments, where assumptions on technology abundance and technology culturation do not hold. We empirically test a model that explains the intention of physicians in a resource-poor environment (epitomized by rural Ethiopia) to adopt telemedicine systems. This model integrates the rational factors driving goal-oriented behavior with the poignant/emotive factors that are an innate part of each adopter's reaction to the new technology. We use the model to expose salient contextual factors that explain the acceptance behavior of individuals toward complex information and communications technology (ICT) solutions and implications of these on the management of technology transfer initiatives in a resource-poor environment. The model is parsimonious, yet explains 28% of the variance in the intention to adopt telemedicine systems and 58% in perceived ease of use. The theoretical and practical implications of this model are discussed. Namely, Sub-Saharan African, in general, and Ethiopian culture, in particular, plays an integral role in the adoption of ICT solutions. Organizational positions and roles among physicians, clinical professionals, and superiors stand to impact the adoption of telemedicine and other healthcare applications. Last, the degree to which users perceive that ICT is easy to use (i.e., ease of use) can be a function of technology experience and can influence perceived usefulness on behalf of users and healthcare organizations.}, number={3}, journal={TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH}, author={Kifle, Mengistu and Payton, Fay Cobb and Mbarika, Victor and Meso, Peter}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={327–343} } @article{payton_kiwanuka-tondo_2009, title={Contemplating public policy in HIV/AIDS online content, then where is the technology spirit?}, volume={18}, ISSN={0960-085X 1476-9344}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2009.16}, DOI={10.1057/ejis.2009.16}, abstractNote={Adaptive structuration theory (AST) has long been an accepted framework for investigating structures within technological artifacts and work environments. Information systems, organization science and communication scholars have prefaced AST context in terms of collaborative, group decision support systems. The social structures, however, can be characterized by features of rules, resources and capabilities along with a communicative spirit. Spirit is said to enable the user to better understand and interpret the meaning of a technology. Our research varies from the traditional focus of AST studies given that our context is not in single, for-profit organization with a common corporate mission or objective. Rather, we concentrate on the HIV/AIDS pandemic among Black women and the spirit communicated to this population by a principal government healthcare website. By interacting with a group of healthcare experts and practitioners during a 14-month period, we sought to understand the site's meaning and indications as its mission is to disseminate HIV/AIDS and other pertinent medical information. Further, our findings suggest that AST is a research framework that functions as a source for the notion of spirit. The (un)intended spirit inscribed on information and communication technologies (ICT) may be (ex)inclusive with regard to the population or society it intends to serve. Hence, grassroots approaches and audiences can, in fact, offer effective insight into user-centered designs focused on educational and prevention content among those most affected and infected by chronic diseases, such as HIV.}, number={3}, journal={European Journal of Information Systems}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Payton, Fay Cobb and Kiwanuka-Tondo, James}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={192–204} } @article{zhang_ivy_payton_diehl_2010, title={Modeling the impact of comorbidity on breast cancer patient outcomes}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1572-9389"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10729-009-9119-6}, abstractNote={The objective of this paper is to model the impact of comorbidity on breast cancer patient outcomes (e.g., length of stay and disposition). Previous studies suggest that comorbidities may significantly affect mortality risks for breast cancer patients. The 2006 AHRQ Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) is used to analyze the relationships among comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and mental disorder), total charges, length of stay, and patient disposition as a function of age and race. A multifaceted approach is used to quantify these relationships. A causal study is performed to explore the effect of various comorbidities on patient outcomes. Least squares regression models are developed to evaluate and compare significant factors that influence total charges and length of stay. Logistic regression is used to study the factors that may cause patient mortality or transferring. In addition, different survival models are developed to study the impact of comorbidity on length of stay with censoring information. This study shows the interactions and relationship among various comorbidities and breast cancer. It shows that certain hypertension may not increase length of stay and total charges; diabetes behaves differently among general population and breast cancer patients; mental disorder has an impact on patient disposition that affects true length of stay and charges, and obesity may have limited effect on patient outcomes. Moreover, this study will help to better understand the expenditure patterns for population subgroups with several chronic conditions and to quantify the impact of comorbidities on patient outcomes. Lastly, it also provides insight for breast cancer patients with comorbidities as a function of age and race.}, number={2}, journal={HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SCIENCE}, author={Zhang, Shengfan and Ivy, Julie Simmons and Payton, Fay Cobb and Diehl, Kathleen M.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={137–154} } @article{kvasny_payton_mbarika_amadi_meso_2008, title={Gendered perspectives on the digital divide, IT education, and workforce participation in Kenya}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1557-9638"]}, DOI={10.1109/TE.2007.909360}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to examine gendered perspectives on the digital divide, motivations for engaging in information technology (IT) education, and expectations regarding IT workforce participation in Kenya. Researchers interviewed 32 women and 31 men matriculating in an undergraduate IT-focused program at a Kenyan university. Interviewees reported that IT careers demand technical expertise, and a strong educational background in technology and business. However, their ability to meet these demands was hindered by significant national challenges such as restrictive IT policies, inadequate access to technology and educational resources, and a limited number of local firms that demonstrate the ability to manage advanced technology and IT workers. Women were particularly concerned about gender discrimination in the workplace. These findings imply that IT education and workforce entry require a complex mix of digital technologies, organizational capacity building, gender equity, and IT policy remedies.}, number={2}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION}, author={Kvasny, Lynette and Payton, Fay Cobb and Mbarika, Victor W. and Amadi, Atieno and Meso, Peter}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={256–261} } @article{mbarika_payton_kvasny_amadi_2007, title={IT education and workforce participation: A new era for women in Kenya?}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1087-6537"]}, DOI={10.1080/01972240601057213}, abstractNote={While Sub-Saharan African women have historically assumed the roles of both housewives and subsistence farmers, they have had few opportunities to participate in the modern economies of the region. However, this trend is changing with the exponential growth of information and communications technologies (ICT), giving many Sub-Sahara African women access to computers, the Internet, and other related technologies. Based on the work of a four-member research team from Kenya and the United States, this article examines the integration of female college students into the formal ICT work sector in Kenya. We do so by examining major bottlenecks and enablers to such integration from historical and contemporary perspectives. Using an interpretive approach, we conducted 32 interviews with women in an ICT program offered by a university in Kenya. Our findings indicate that women were highly optimistic, embracing ICT as a practical mechanism for achieving entry into the labor market. However, they perceived significant structural barriers, such as public policies that failed to facilitate the development of the ICT sector, gender discrimination by employers, and training that provided them with insufficient technical skills to enable them to effectively perform in the workplace. These findings largely confirm the gendered perspectives found in similar studies conducted in other countries. However, what appear as global perspectives are informed by the local causes.}, number={1}, journal={INFORMATION SOCIETY}, author={Mbarika, Victor W. A. and Payton, Fay Cobb and Kvasny, Lynette and Amadi, Atieno}, year={2007}, pages={1–18} } @article{earp_payton_2006, title={Information privacy in the service sector: An exploratory study of health care and banking professionals}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1532-7744"]}, DOI={10.1207/s15327744joce1602_2}, abstractNote={Service industries, such as health care and banking, process large amounts of sensitive customer data in their daily transactions. The information obtained from this data frequently supports the competitive strategies of organizations while concurrently causing uncertainty and concern from the customer. Furthermore and given the service orientation of these data, poor data quality can result in extensive social and economic impacts. As a result, data practices and the employees who process the data must be managed in a cautious and thorough manner to thwart any privacy violations. This article explores employees' privacy orientation in their respective sector, health care or banking, through a parsimonious 15-item instrument. Our results indicate that health care professionals are largely concerned about errors in patient information whereas banking professionals are concerned about improper access of customer information—thereby suggesting differences in perceived privacy practices among these 2 service sectors. Several explanations are offered for the concerns that surfaced from the 2 groups. Therefore, our results build on a data quality hierarchical framework consisting of accuracy, appropriate amount of data, accessibility, and access security. Our results hold public policy, legal, and security implications to the managerial staff at both health care and banking organizations. To date, there has been little research that gives substantial insight into the privacy practices of service industry workers, such as banking and health care employees. In this article, we discuss the implications of these findings and suggest directions for future research.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMPUTING AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE}, author={Earp, Julia Brande and Payton, Fay Cobb}, year={2006}, pages={105–122} } @article{payton_2003, title={Rethinking the digital divide}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0001-0782"]}, DOI={10.1145/777313.777318}, abstractNote={African-American students are all too aware that the digital divide is not merely about Internet access. Rather, it involves access to the social networks that ease the path to success in high-tech careers.}, number={6}, journal={COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM}, author={Payton, FC}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={89–91} } @article{payton_2003, title={e-health models leading to business-to-employee commerce in the human resources function}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1091-9392"]}, DOI={10.1207/S15327744JOCE1302_4}, abstractNote={Evidence of new forms of information tools via the World Wide Web increasingly indicate that business-to-consumers e-commerce models require real-time data that enable users to make informative decisions. Although the Web has provided a variety of e-health sites, these sites have offered little in the way of enabling the human resources (HR) function. This article examines health care consumers' views of an existing health maintenance selection process. Data are gathered from employees of a southeastern university that offers a myriad of health maintenance organization (HMO) services. The findings suggest that HR-enabled health care Web portals must include consumer-defined features such as rank-ordered preferences by employees, privacy/security functions, and electronic enrollment during the HMO selection process. Despite these results, participants in the survey did not advocate the elimination of human interaction in this effort, instead supporting the concept of business-to-employee commerce.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMPUTING AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE}, author={Payton, FC}, year={2003}, pages={147–161} } @article{payton_ginzberg_2001, title={Interorganizational health care systems implementations: An exploratory study of early electronic commerce initiatives}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0361-6274"]}, DOI={10.1097/00004010-200104000-00003}, abstractNote={Changing business practices, customers needs, and market dynamics have driven many organizations to implement interorganizational systems (IOSs). IOSs have been successfully implemented in the banking, cotton, airline, and consumer-goods industries, and recently attention has turned to the health care industry. This article describes an exploratory study of health care IOS implementations based on the voluntary community health information network (CHIN) model.}, number={2}, journal={HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT REVIEW}, author={Payton, FC and Ginzberg, MJ}, year={2001}, pages={20–32} } @article{payton_2000, title={Lessons learned from three interorganizational health care information systems}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0378-7206"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-7206(99)00057-9}, abstractNote={The airline, financial, retail, consumer goods and cotton industries are not alone in their increased use of interorganizational information systems (IOSs). Health care organizations are investing and participating in a growing number of IOSs, such as community health information networks (CHINs) and integrated delivery systems (IDS). This paper examines the experiences of three CHIN systems located in the US — Midwest. Multiple data sources, including executive interviews, memoranda, internal documentation and system demonstrations, provided data for this research. The history of each case provides a better understanding of systems implementation and the underlying determinants that emerged as having significant impact. Not only do these findings provide guidelines and learning tools for practitioners, but they also hold implications to the field and its current position on bipolar streams in the literature. Lastly, our findings suggest that large health care infrastructures will continue to be confronted by the presence of the World Wide Web and electronic commerce.}, number={6}, journal={INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT}, author={Payton, FC}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={311–321} } @article{payton_brennan_1999, title={How a community health information network is really used}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0001-0782"]}, DOI={10.1145/322796.322814}, abstractNote={O ur 1997 study of CHIN implementations compared diverse network models to categorize these systems based on their purpose, participants, funding source, and services provided [9], identifying four distinct CHIN models: home health delivery, voluntary, enterprise, and telephone-based networks. We looked at a phone-accessible Internetbased computer network called ComputerLink for medical caregivers in Cleveland that was developed for those caring for Alzheimer’s disease patients [3] and that has since expanded to include other medical care specialties (see the sidebar “Our Study of Alzheimer’s Caregivers”). Inspired by Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory (outcomes of an innovation are characteristic of the users and the attributes of the innovation), ComputerLink links caregivers, patients, an academic institution (Case Western Reserve University), and public health agencies in order to reduce patients’ and caregivers’ social isolation and the social stigma associated with certain medical conditions. ComputerLink and other similar systems are characterized by a cooperative effort from their participants and by their support of various CHIN functions. ComputerLink participants include the Alzheimer’s Disease Association in Cleveland under the auspices of the National Institute of Aging, which is part of the Department of Health and Human Services (www.nih.gov/nia). ComputerLink provides four classes of services: decision support, email, encyclopedia, and bulletin board. Email permits users to communicate anonymously with a nurse-moderator and other Alzheimer’s caregivers; the nurse-moderator serves as technical liaison by providing systems and health support to ComputerLink users while maintaining all encyclopedia functions involving Alzheimer’s and caregiving information. The decision-support service guides users through a myriad of scenarios permitting self-determined choices based on personal values. Use is not always what the user says it is in practically any domain, including health care delivery, as the authors’ research revealed.}, number={12}, journal={COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM}, author={Payton, FC and Brennan, PF}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={85–89} }