@article{gong_sichitiu_2017, title={On the Accuracy of Pairwise Time Synchronization}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1558-2248"]}, DOI={10.1109/twc.2017.2671862}, abstractNote={Time synchronization is a fundamental problem in any distributed system. In particular, wireless sensor networks require scalable time synchronization for implementing distributed tasks on multiple sensor nodes. Different synchronization schemes and hardware systems are able to achieve widely different levels of synchronization accuracy. Since synchronization accuracy is very sensitive to random delays and clock rate fluctuations, we model the pairwise synchronization error as a function of random delays and clock drifts to quantitatively model synchronization performance as a function of the relevant parameters, such as the beacon interval, the number of beacons per synchronization period, and the measurement point. The synchronization error is analyzed for different state-of-the-art pairwise synchronization schemes, based on one-way sender–receiver, two-way sender–receiver, and receiver–receiver approaches, using application layer or medium access control layer timestamping. The models are validated through numerical and experimental results.}, number={4}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Gong, Fengyuan and Sichitiu, Mihail L.}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={2664–2677} }
 @article{gong_sichitiu_2017, title={Temperature compensated Kalman distributed clock synchronization}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1570-8713"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.04.009}, abstractNote={Time synchronization is a fundamental problem in any distributed system. In particular, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require scalable time synchronization for implementing distributed tasks on multiple sensor nodes. We propose a temperature-compensated Kalman based distributed synchronization protocol (TKDS) using a two-way sender-receiver synchronization scheme, to achieve high synchronization accuracy while modelling the clock skew change based on its physical characteristics. By asynchronously combining estimates from neighbours, TKDS achieves better performance than the spanning tree based protocols in a fully-distributed fashion. The synchronization performance is evaluated numerically and compared with that of other well-known synchronization protocols.}, journal={AD HOC NETWORKS}, author={Gong, Fengyuan and Sichitiu, Mihail L.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={88–100} }
 @inproceedings{latif_gong_dickey_sichitiu_bozkurt_2016, title={Using liquid metal alloy (EGaIn) to electrochemically enhance SS stimulation electrodes for biobotic applications}, DOI={10.1109/embc.2016.7591152}, abstractNote={Biobotics is an emerging and useful advent in the field of robotics which harnesses the mechanical power of live invertebrates and benefits from them as "working" animals. Most biobotic applications rely on neural or muscular stimulation through implanted electrodes for achieving direct control of their locomotory behavior. Degradation of stimulation efficiency is often noticed through extended usage, partly owing to incompatibility of implanted electrodes to the application. Our previous achievements in biobotics utilized commercially available stainless steel wires as stimulation electrodes due to its availability and lower cost. In this study, we look into the potential of using a liquid metal alloy, eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), as a means of enhancing properties of the stainless steel electrodes and its first time consideration as in vivo neurostimulation electrodes. We present in vitro analysis of the electrodes in terms of the electrolyte-electrode interface impedance and interface equivalent circuit model.}, booktitle={2016 38th annual international conference of the ieee engineering in medicine and biology society (embc)}, author={Latif, T. and Gong, F. Y. and Dickey, Michael and Sichitiu, Mihail L. and Bozkurt, A.}, year={2016}, pages={2141–2144} }
 @article{gong_sichitiu_2016, title={CESP: A Low-Power High-Accuracy Time Synchronization Protocol}, volume={65}, ISSN={["1939-9359"]}, DOI={10.1109/tvt.2015.2417810}, abstractNote={Time synchronization is a fundamental problem in any distributed system. In particular, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require scalable time synchronization for implementing distributed tasks on multiple sensor nodes. We propose an energy-efficient coefficient exchange synchronization protocol (CESP) based on a receiver-receiver synchronization scheme, which minimizes the impact of access-time delays. Most of the existing synchronization protocols focus on improving the synchronization accuracy by assuming the availability of packet-level timestamping and with little concern for power consumption. The proposed time-synchronization protocol achieves high synchronization accuracy similar to the classic reference broadcast synchronization (RBS) protocol without requiring packet-level timestamping but with a significant reduction on communication overhead to achieve low power consumption. CESP works in a fundamentally different way from RBS: In order to synchronize two receivers, RBS exchanges all beacon packets between two receivers, whereas CESP receivers first process a large number of received beacon packets and only then exchange a small amount of information between the two receivers: synchronization coefficients. The synchronization performance and power consumption are evaluated and compared with that of other well-known synchronization protocols through experimental results.}, number={4}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY}, author={Gong, Fengyuan and Sichitiu, Mihail L.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={2387–2396} }
 @inproceedings{xiong_gong_qu_du_harfoush_2015, title={CSI-based device-free gesture detection}, booktitle={2015 12th International Conference on High-Capacity Optical Networks and Enabling/Emerging Technologies (HONET)}, author={Xiong, H. and Gong, F. Y. and Qu, L. and Du, C. L. and Harfoush, K.}, year={2015}, pages={122–126} }