@article{chutteang_booker_na-ngern_burton_aoki_burkey_2016, title={Biochemical and physiological processes associated with the differential ozone response in ozone-tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1438-8677"]}, DOI={10.1111/plb.12347}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={PLANT BIOLOGY}, author={Chutteang, C. and Booker, F. L. and Na-Ngern, P. and Burton, A. and Aoki, M. and Burkey, K. O.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={28–36} }
 @article{cheng_booker_burkey_tu_shew_rufty_fiscus_deforest_hu_2014, title={SOIL MICROBIAL RESPONSES TO ELEVATED CO2 AND O-3 IN A NITROGEN-AGGRADING AGROECOSYSTEM}, volume={6}, ISBN={["978-1-77188-021-3"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0021377}, abstractNote={Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) can exert significant impacts on soil microbes and the ecosystem level processes they mediate. However, the underlying mechanisms by which soil microbes respond to these environmental changes remain poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis, which states that CO2- or O3-induced changes in carbon (C) availability dominate microbial responses, is primarily based on results from nitrogen (N)-limiting forests and grasslands. It remains largely unexplored how soil microbes respond to elevated CO2 and O3 in N-rich or N-aggrading systems, which severely hinders our ability to predict the long-term soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. Using a long-term field study conducted in a no-till wheat-soybean rotation system with open-top chambers, we showed that elevated CO2 but not O3 had a potent influence on soil microbes. Elevated CO2 (1.5×ambient) significantly increased, while O3 (1.4×ambient) reduced, aboveground (and presumably belowground) plant residue C and N inputs to soil. However, only elevated CO2 significantly affected soil microbial biomass, activities (namely heterotrophic respiration) and community composition. The enhancement of microbial biomass and activities by elevated CO2 largely occurred in the third and fourth years of the experiment and coincided with increased soil N availability, likely due to CO2-stimulation of symbiotic N2 fixation in soybean. Fungal biomass and the fungi∶bacteria ratio decreased under both ambient and elevated CO2 by the third year and also coincided with increased soil N availability; but they were significantly higher under elevated than ambient CO2. These results suggest that more attention should be directed towards assessing the impact of N availability on microbial activities and decomposition in projections of soil organic C balance in N-rich systems under future CO2 scenarios.}, number={6}, journal={CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE: CO2 MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES}, author={Cheng, Lei and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Burkey, Kent O. and Tu, Cong and Shew, H. David and Rufty, Thomas W. and Fiscus, Edwin L. and Deforest, Jared L. and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2014}, pages={277–307} }
 @article{cheng_booker_burkey_tu_shew_rufty_fiscus_deforest_hu_2014, title={Soil microbial responses to elevated CO2 and O-3 in a nitrogen-aggrading agroecosystem}, DOI={10.1201/b16845-14}, journal={Carbon Capture and Storage: CO2 Management Technologies}, author={Cheng, L. and Booker, F. L. and Burkey, K. O. and Tu, C. and Shew, H. D. and Rufty, T. W. and Fiscus, E. L. and Deforest, J. L. and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2014}, pages={277–307} }
 @article{burkey_booker_ainsworth_nelson_2012, title={Field assessment of a snap bean ozone bioindicator system under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free air system}, volume={166}, ISSN={["1873-6424"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.020}, abstractNote={Ozone-sensitive (S156) and -tolerant (R123 and R331) genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were tested as a plant bioindicator system for detecting O3 effects at current and projected future levels of tropospheric O3 and atmospheric CO2 under field conditions. Plants were treated with ambient air, 1.4× ambient O3 and 550 ppm CO2 separately and in combination using Free Air Concentration Enrichment technology. Under ambient O3 concentrations pod yields were not significantly different among genotypes. Elevated O3 reduced pod yield for S156 (63%) but did not significantly affect yields for R123 and R331. Elevated CO2 at 550 ppm alone did not have a significant impact on yield for any genotype. Amelioration of the O3 effect occurred in the O3 + CO2 treatment. Ratios of sensitive to tolerant genotype pod yields were identified as a useful measurement for assessing O3 impacts with potential applications in diverse settings including agricultural fields.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}, author={Burkey, Kent O. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. and Nelson, Randall L.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={167–171} }
 @article{fiscus_booker_sadok_burkey_2012, title={Influence of atmospheric vapour pressure deficit on ozone responses of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1460-2431"]}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/err443}, abstractNote={Environmental conditions influence plant responses to ozone (O3), but few studies have evaluated individual factors directly. In this study, the effect of O3 at high and low atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was evaluated in two genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (R123 and S156) used as O3 bioindicator plants. Plants were grown in outdoor controlled-environment chambers in charcoal-filtered air containing 0 or 60 nl l−1 O3 (12 h average) at two VPDs (1.26 and 1.96 kPa) and sampled for biomass, leaf area, daily water loss, and seed yield. VPD clearly influenced O3 effects. At low VPD, O3 reduced biomass, leaf area, and seed yield substantially in both genotypes, while at high VPD, O3 had no significant effect on these components. In clean air, high VPD reduced biomass and yield by similar fractions in both genotypes compared with low VPD. Data suggest that a stomatal response to VPD per se may be lacking in both genotypes and it is hypothesized that the high VPD resulted in unsustainable transpiration and water deficits that resulted in reduced growth and yield. High VPD- and water-stress-induced stomatal responses may have reduced the O3 flux into the leaves, which contributed to a higher yield compared to the low VPD treatment in both genotypes. At low VPD, transpiration increased in the O3 treatment relative to the clean air treatment, suggesting that whole-plant conductance was increased by O3 exposure. Ozone-related biomass reductions at low VPD were proportionally higher in S156 than in R123, indicating that differential O3 sensitivity of these bioindicator plants remained evident when environmental conditions were conducive for O3 effects. Assessments of potential O3 impacts on vegetation should incorporate interacting factors such as VPD.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Fiscus, Edwin L. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Sadok, Walid and Burkey, Kent O.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={2557–2564} }
 @article{dittmar_monks_jennings_booker_2012, title={Tolerance of Tomato to Herbicides Applied through Drip Irrigation}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-11-00181.1}, abstractNote={Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine tolerance of tomato to halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron herbicides applied through drip irrigation. In greenhouse studies, PRE- and POST-applied trifloxysulfuron caused greater tomato injury (14 and 54% injury, respectively) than PRE- and POST-applied halosulfuron (5 and 26% injury, respectively) or imazosulfuron (5 and 23% injury, respectively). All herbicide treatments in the greenhouse studies caused greater injury to tomato than the nontreated. Greater tomato injury was observed in the greenhouse from herbicides applied POST than when soil applied. Tomato injury from POST-applied halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, or trifloxysulfuron followed a linear relationship, with tomato injury increasing with increasing herbicide rate. Tomato photosynthetic rate did not differ among the herbicide treatments (32.7 to 55.0 μmol m−2s−1) and the nontreated (38.0 to 55.0 μmol m−2s−1). At 5 to 16 days after treatment (DAT), tomato treated with imazosulfuron POST (0.26 to 0.46 cm s−1) or trifloxysulfuron POST (0.27 to 0.51 cm s−1) had lower stomatal conductance compared to the stomatal conductance of the nontreated tomato (0.65 to 0.76 cm s−1). Chlorophyll content did not differ among treatments at 0 to 6 DAT. At 7 to 12 DAT, tomato treated with imazosulfuron POST (34.0 to 40.1 SPAD) and trifloxysulfuron POST (35.0 to 41.6 SPAD) had lower chlorophyll content compared to the nontreated (39.1 to 48.1 SPAD). In 2008 and 2009 field studies, no tomato injury was observed. Herbicide, herbicide application method, and herbicide rate had no effect on tomato height (73 to 77 cm 14 DAT, 79 to 84 cm 21 DAT) and total fruit yield (62,722 to 80,328 kg ha−1).}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Dittmar, Peter J. and Monks, David W. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Booker, Fitzgerald L.}, year={2012}, pages={684–690} }
 @article{aspinwall_king_booker_mckeand_2011, title={Genetic effects on total phenolics, condensed tannins and non-structural carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1758-4469"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/tpr073}, abstractNote={Carbon allocation to soluble phenolics (total phenolics, proanthocyanidins (PA)) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC; starch and soluble sugars) in needles of widely planted, highly productive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes could impact stand resistance to herbivory, and biogeochemical cycling in the southeastern USA. However, genetic and growth-related effects on loblolly pine needle chemistry are not well characterized. Therefore, we investigated genetic and growth-related effects on foliar concentrations of total phenolics, PA and TNC in two different field studies. The first study contained nine different genotypes representing a range of genetic homogeneity, growing in a 2-year-old plantation on the coastal plain of North Carolina (NC), USA. The second study contained eight clones with different growth potentials planted in a 9-year-old clonal trial replicated at two sites (Georgia (GA) and South Carolina (SC), USA). In the first study (NC), we found no genetic effects on total phenolics, PA and TNC, and there was no relationship between genotype size and foliar biochemistry. In the second study, there were no differences in height growth between sites, but the SC site showed greater diameter (diameter at breast height (DBH)) and volume, most likely due to greater tree mortality (lower stocking) which reduced competition for resources and increased growth of remaining trees. We found a significant site × clone effect for total phenolics with lower productivity clones showing 27-30% higher total phenolic concentrations at the GA site where DBH and volume were lower. In contrast to the predictions of growth-defense theory, clone volume was positively associated with total phenolic concentrations at the higher volume SC site, and PA concentrations at the lower volume GA site. Overall, we found no evidence of a trade-off between genotype size and defense, and genetic potential for improved growth may include increased allocation to some secondary metabolites. These results imply that deployment of more productive loblolly pine genotypes will not reduce stand resistance to herbivory, but increased production of total phenolics and PA associated with higher genotype growth potential could reduce litter decomposition rates and therefore, nutrient availability.}, number={8}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Aspinwall, Michael J. and King, John S. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and McKeand, Steven E.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={831–842} }
 @article{fishman_creilson_parker_ainsworth_vining_szarka_booker_xu_2010, title={An investigation of widespread ozone damage to the soybean crop in the upper Midwest determined from ground-based and satellite measurements}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.015}, abstractNote={Elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3) are frequently measured over farmland regions in many parts of the world. While numerous experimental studies show that O3 can significantly decrease crop productivity, independent verifications of yield losses at current ambient O3 concentrations in rural locations are sparse. In this study, soybean crop yield data during a 5-year period over the Midwest of the United States were combined with ground and satellite O3 measurements to provide evidence that yield losses on the order of 10% could be estimated through the use of a multiple linear regression model. Yield loss trends based on both conventional ground-based instrumentation and satellite-derived tropospheric O3 measurements were statistically significant and were consistent with results obtained from open-top chamber experiments and an open-air experimental facility (SoyFACE, Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment) in central Illinois. Our analysis suggests that such losses are a relatively new phenomenon due to the increase in background tropospheric O3 levels over recent decades. Extrapolation of these findings supports previous studies that estimate the global economic loss to the farming community of more than $10 billion annually.}, number={18}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Fishman, Jack and Creilson, John K. and Parker, Peter A. and Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. and Vining, G. Geoffrey and Szarka, John and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Xu, Xiaojing}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={2248–2256} }
 @article{tu_booker_burkey_hu_2009, title={Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and O-3 Differentially Alter Nitrogen Acquisition in Peanut}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0603}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Tu, Cong and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Burkey, Kent O. and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2009}, pages={1827–1836} }
 @article{liu_king_booker_giardina_allen_hu_2009, title={Enhanced litter input rather than changes in litter chemistry drive soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under elevated CO2: a microcosm study}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1365-2486"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01747.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}, author={Liu, Lingli and King, John S. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Giardina, Christian P. and Allen, H. Lee and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={441–453} }
 @misc{booker_muntifering_mcgrath_burkey_decoteau_fiscus_manning_krupa_chappelka_grantz_2009, title={The Ozone Component of Global Change: Potential Effects on Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Yield, Product Quality and Interactions with Invasive Species}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1744-7909"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00805.x}, abstractNote={ The productivity, product quality and competitive ability of important agricultural and horticultural plants in many regions of the world may be adversely affected by current and anticipated concentrations of ground‐level ozone (O3). Exposure to elevated O3 typically results in suppressed photosynthesis, accelerated senescence, decreased growth and lower yields. Various approaches used to evaluate O3 effects generally concur that current yield losses range from 5% to 15% among sensitive plants. There is, however, considerable genetic variability in plant responses to O3. To illustrate this, we show that ambient O3 concentrations in the eastern United States cause substantially different levels of damage to otherwise similar snap bean cultivars. Largely undesirable effects of O3 can also occur in seed and fruit chemistry as well as in forage nutritive value, with consequences for animal production. Ozone may alter herbicide efficacy and foster establishment of some invasive species. We conclude that current and projected levels of O3 in many regions worldwide are toxic to sensitive plants of agricultural and horticultural significance. Plant breeding that incorporates O3 sensitivity into selection strategies will be increasingly necessary to achieve sustainable production with changing atmospheric composition, while reductions in O3 precursor emissions will likely benefit world food production and reduce atmospheric concentrations of an important greenhouse gas. }, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY}, author={Booker, Fitzgerald and Muntifering, Russell and McGrath, Margaret and Burkey, Kent and Decoteau, Dennis and Fiscus, Edwin and Manning, William and Krupa, Sagar and Chappelka, Arthur and Grantz, David}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={337–351} }
 @article{liu_king_giardina_booker_2009, title={The influence of chemistry, production and community composition on leaf litter decomposition under elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3 in a northern hardwood ecosystem}, volume={12}, ISBN={1432-9840}, DOI={10.1007/s10021-009-9231-y}, number={3}, journal={Ecosystems}, author={Liu, L. L. and King, J. S. and Giardina, C. P. and Booker, F. L.}, year={2009}, pages={401–416} }
 @article{qiu_huber_booker_jain_leakey_fiscus_yau_ort_huber_2008, title={Increased protein carbonylation in leaves of Arabidopsis and soybean in response to elevated [CO2]}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1573-5079"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11120-008-9310-5}, abstractNote={While exposure of C3 plants to elevated [CO2] would be expected to reduce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves because of reduced photorespiratory metabolism, results obtained in the present study suggest that exposure of plants to elevated [CO2] can result in increased oxidative stress. First, in Arabidopsis and soybean, leaf protein carbonylation, a marker of oxidative stress, was often increased when plants were exposed to elevated [CO2]. In soybean, increased carbonyl content was often associated with loss of leaf chlorophyll and reduced enhancement of leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) by elevated [CO2]. Second, two-dimensional (2-DE) difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis of proteins extracted from leaves of soybean plants grown at elevated [CO2] or [O3] revealed that both treatments altered the abundance of a similar subset of proteins, consistent with the idea that both conditions may involve an oxidative stress. The 2-DE analysis of leaf proteins was facilitated by a novel and simple procedure to remove ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) from soluble soybean leaf extracts. Collectively, these findings add a new dimension to our understanding of global change biology and raise the possibility that oxidative signals can be an unexpected component of plant response to elevated [CO2].}, number={2}, journal={PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH}, author={Qiu, Quan-Sheng and Huber, Joan L. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Jain, Vanita and Leakey, Andrew D. B. and Fiscus, Edwin L. and Yau, Peter M. and Ort, Donald R. and Huber, Steven C.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={155–166} }
 @misc{matyssek_sandermann_wieser_booker_cieslik_musselman_ernst_2008, title={The challenge of making ozone risk assessment for forest trees more mechanistic}, volume={156}, ISSN={["1873-6424"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.017}, abstractNote={Upcoming decades will experience increasing atmospheric CO2 and likely enhanced O3 exposure which represents a risk for the carbon sink strength of forests, so that the need for cause–effect related O3 risk assessment increases. Although assessment will gain in reliability on an O3 uptake basis, risk is co-determined by the effective dose, i.e. the plant's sensitivity per O3 uptake. Recent progress in research on the molecular and metabolic control of the effective O3 dose is reported along with advances in empirically assessing O3 uptake at the whole-tree and stand level. Knowledge on both O3 uptake and effective dose (measures of stress avoidance and tolerance, respectively) needs to be understood mechanistically and linked as a pre-requisite before practical use of process-based O3 risk assessment can be implemented. To this end, perspectives are derived for validating and promoting new O3 flux-based modelling tools.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}, author={Matyssek, R. and Sandermann, H. and Wieser, G. and Booker, F. and Cieslik, S. and Musselman, R. and Ernst, D.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={567–582} }
 @misc{krupa_booker_bowersox_lehmann_grantz_2008, title={Uncertainties in the current knowledge of some atmospheric trace gases associated with US agriculture: A review}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1047-3289"]}, DOI={10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.986}, abstractNote={Abstract Approximately 80 different crop species are grown in the United States in widely differing geographic areas, climatic and edaphic conditions, and management practices. Although the majority of cultivated acreage in the United States is planted with only about 10 primary crops, uncertainties associated with trace gas emissions arise from: (1) limited data availability, (2) inaccurate estimates because of large temporal and spatial variability in trace gas composition and magnitude of trace gas emissions from agricultural activities, (3) differing characteristics of pollutant emissions from highly dispersed animal feed-lots, and (4) limited understanding of the emissions of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with agriculture. Although emission issues are of concern, so also is atmospheric deposition to cropping systems, including wet and dry nitrogen, minerals, and organic compounds. These can have feedback effects on trace gas emissions. Overall, the many gaps in our understanding of these aspects of agricultural systems deserve serious attention.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION}, author={Krupa, Sagar and Booker, Fitzerald and Bowersox, Van and Lehmann, Chris Topher and Grantz, David}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={986–993} }
 @article{booker_burkey_pursley_heagle_2007, title={Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone effects on peanut: I. Gas-exchange, biomass, and leaf chemistry}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0537}, abstractNote={The effects of elevated CO2 and ozone (O3) on net photosynthetic rate (A) and growth are generally antagonistic although plant responses are highly dependent on crop sensitivity to the individual gases and their concentrations. In this experiment, we evaluated the effects of various CO2 and O3 mixtures on leaf gas‐exchange, harvest biomass, and leaf chemistry in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an O3–sensitive species, using open‐top field chambers. Treatments included ambient CO2 (about 375 μmol mol−1) and CO2 enrichment of approximately 173 and 355 μmol mol−1 in combination with charcoal‐filtered air (22 nmol O3 mol−1), nonfiltered air (46 nmol O3 mol−1), and nonfiltered air plus O3 (75 nmol O3 mol−1). Twice‐ambient CO2 in charcoal‐filtered air increased A by 23% while decreasing seasonal stomatal conductance (gs) by 42%. Harvest biomass was increased 12 to 15% by elevated CO2 In ambient CO2, nonfiltered air and added O3 lowered A by 21% and 48%, respectively, while added O3 reduced gs by 18%. Biomass was not significantly affected by nonfiltered air, but was 40% lower in the added O3 treatment. Elevated CO2 generally suppressed inhibitory effects of O3 on A and harvest biomass. Leaf starch concentration was increased by elevated CO2 and decreased by O3 Treatment effects on foliar N and total phenolic concentrations were minor. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations should attenuate detrimental effects of ambient O3 and promote growth in peanut but its effectiveness declines with increasing O3 concentrations.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Burkey, Kent O. and Pursley, Walter A. and Heagle, Allen S.}, year={2007}, pages={1475–1487} }
 @article{burkey_booker_pursley_heagle_2007, title={Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone effects on peanut: II. Seed yield and quality}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0538}, abstractNote={Many adverse effects of tropospheric O3 on C3 crop plants are ameliorated by elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2, but the extent of the interaction can vary, depending on the species, gas concentrations, and other experimental conditions. A 2‐yr open‐top field chamber experiment was conducted to examine this interaction in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by testing the effects of O3 and CO2 mixtures on yield and seed quality. Treatments were ambient CO2 (375 μmol mol−1) and CO2 additions of approximately 173 and 355 μmol mol−1 in combination with charcoal‐filtered (CF) air (22 nmol O3 mol−1), nonfiltered (NF) air (46 nmol O3 mol−1), and NF air plus O3 (75 nmol O3 mol−1). At ambient CO2, pod number was suppressed 16% in NF air and 44% in elevated O3 Pod and seed mass were not significantly affected in NF air but were lowered 33 to 37% in elevated O3 Elevated CO2 increased yield parameters 7 to 17% for plants grown in CF air and restored yield in NF air and elevated O3 treatments to control or higher levels. Gas treatment effects on peanut market grade characteristics were small. No treatment effects were observed on the protein and oil contents of seeds, but there were changes in fatty acid composition. Overall results indicate that increasing concentrations of tropospheric O3 will suppress yield of O3–sensitive peanut cultivars, while elevated CO2 will moderate this response. Elevated O3 and CO2 are not expected to have major effects on peanut seed composition and quality.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burkey, Kent O. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Pursley, Walter A. and Heagle, Allen S.}, year={2007}, pages={1488–1497} }
 @article{cheng_burkey_robinson_booker_2007, title={Leaf extracellular ascorbate in relation to O(3) tolerance of two soybean cultivars}, volume={150}, ISSN={["0269-7491"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.022}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars Essex and Forrest that exhibit differences in ozone (O3) sensitivity were used in greenhouse experiments to investigate the role of leaf extracellular antioxidants in O3 injury responses. Charcoal-filtered air and elevated O3 conditions were used to assess genetic, leaf age, and O3 effects. In both cultivars, the extracellular ascorbate pool consisted of 80–98% dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (AA) that is not an antioxidant. For all combinations of genotype and O3 treatments, extracellular AA levels were low (1–30 nmol g−1 FW) and represented 3–30% of the total antioxidant capacity. Total extracellular antioxidant capacity was twofold greater in Essex compared with Forrest, consistent with greater O3 tolerance of Essex. The results suggest that extracellular antioxidant metabolites in addition to ascorbate contribute to detoxification of O3 in soybean leaves and possibly affect plant sensitivity to O3 injury.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}, author={Cheng, Fang-Yi and Burkey, Kent O. and Robinson, J. Michael and Booker, Fitzgerald L.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={355–362} }
 @article{dubois_fiscus_booker_flowers_reid_2007, title={Optimizing the statistical estimation of the parameters of the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model of photosynthesis}, volume={176}, ISSN={["1469-8137"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02182.x}, abstractNote={The model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry is the standard in relating photosynthetic carbon assimilation and concentration of intercellular CO(2). The techniques used in collecting the data from which its parameters are estimated have been the object of extensive optimization, but the statistical aspects of estimation have not received the same attention. The model segments assimilation into three regions, each modeled by a distinct function. Three parameters of the model, namely the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (V(c max)), the rate of electron transport (J), and nonphotorespiratory CO(2) evolution (R(d)), are customarily estimated from gas exchange data through separate fitting of the component functions corresponding to the first two segments. This disjunct approach is problematic in requiring preliminary arbitrary subsetting of data into sets believed to correspond to each region. It is shown how multiple segments can be estimated simultaneously, using the entire data set, without predetermination of transitions by the investigator. Investigation of the number of parameters that can be estimated in the two-segment model suggests that, under some conditions, it is possible to estimate four or even five parameters, but that only V(c max), J, and R(d), have good statistical properties. Practical difficulties and their solutions are reviewed, and software programs are provided.}, number={2}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Dubois, Jean-Jacques B. and Fiscus, Edwin L. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Flowers, Michael D. and Reid, Chantal D.}, year={2007}, pages={402–414} }
 @article{flowers_fiscus_burkey_booker_dubois_2007, title={Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in sensitivity to ozone}, volume={61}, ISSN={["0098-8472"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.05.009}, abstractNote={Understanding the impact of pollutant ozone (O3) is a concern for agricultural production. This work was undertaken as the first comparative study of the effects of O3 on the photosynthetic processes and yield of three snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes with known differences in sensitivity to O3 (S156, R123 and R331). Previous information showed R123 and R331 to be tolerant and S156 sensitive. The purpose was to identify physiological subsystems that may mediate those differences in sensitivity. Plants were grown in environmentally controlled field chambers with four levels of O3 (0, 15, 30 and 60 nmol mol−1). Net assimilation (A) and fluorescence were measured throughout the growing season and yield data were collected at physiological maturity. All genotypes were tolerant of low O3 (<30 nmol mol−1) but the highest O3 significantly reduced the yield in all three, with R331 and S156 being equally sensitive on a unit exposure basis. Yield reductions were correlated with A, especially during pod filling. No genotype showed any significant response of stomatal conductance (gs) indicating equal O3 fluxes into the leaves in all genotypes. Mesophyll conductance (gm) was affected in S156 only, where it was reduced by 55% at 60 nmol mol−1 O3. There was an upward trend in F0, and a downward trend in the variable fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) with increasing O3 for S156 but not for the other genotypes. S156 was the only genotype to show significant decreases in photochemical quenching (qp) and R123 the only one to show significant decreases in non-photochemical quenching (qn). The sequence of loss of Rubisco content and/or activity and changes in gm, F0, and Fv/Fm could not be resolved in time and may all have been the result of generalized tissue destruction rather than sequential attack on individual subsystems. S156 had the highest photosynthetic rate in clean air but appeared to have no significant capacity to protect Rubisco from attack or to up-regulate Rubisco activity at high O3, thus there was no reserve capacity, while R123 was able to maintain both Rubisco activity and A within narrow ranges. These data suggest that S156 has comparatively little anti-oxidant capacity and/or is deficient in its ability to regulate Rubisco activity. For future studies the best contrasts for resolving questions of physiological sensitivity to O3 would be obtained from R123 and S156.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Flowers, Michael D. and Fiscus, Edwin L. and Burkey, Kent O. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Dubois, Jean-Jacques B.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={190–198} }
 @article{tu_booker_watson_chen_rufty_shi_hu_2006, title={Mycorrhizal mediation of plant N acquisition and residue decomposition: Impact of mineral N inputs}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1365-2486"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01149.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}, author={Tu, C and Booker, FL and Watson, DM and Chen, X and Rufty, TW and Shi, W and Hu, SJ}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={793–803} }
 @article{booker_miller_fiscus_pursley_stefanski_2005, title={Comparative responses of container- versus ground-grown soybean to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2004.0198}, abstractNote={In studies of CO2–enrichment effects on plants, the applicability of results derived from experiments using container‐grown plants for predictions of future crop performance in a CO2–enriched atmosphere has been questioned. Concerns also have been expressed about plant growth studies with the air pollutant O3 in pot‐grown plants. Further, since elevated CO2 and O3 co‐occur, studies are required with the combination of gases. In this 2‐yr experiment, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants grown in large pots (15 and 21 L) and in the ground were exposed to mixtures of CO2 and O3 in open‐top chambers. The CO2 treatments were ambient and CO2 enrichment of approximately 337 μmol mol−1 added 24 h d−1 Ozone treatments were charcoal‐filtered (CF) air (23 nmol mol−1) and approximately 1.5 times ambient O3 levels (71 nmol mol−1) given 12 h d−1 Relative effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on aboveground biomass and seed yield were quite similar for plants grown in pots compared with plants grown in the ground. Elevated CO2 increased total seed mass and O3 suppressed it to similar magnitudes in both rooting environments. Elevated CO2 also reduced the toxic effects of O3 Net photosynthesis (A) was similar while stomatal conductance (gs) was higher in pot‐grown compared with ground‐grown plants, possibly due to better soil moisture status. The results indicated that planting density and rooting environment affected plant morphology, but relative responses of seed yield to elevated CO2 and O3 were not fundamentally different between soybean plants grown in large pots and in the ground in open‐top chambers.}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Booker, FL and Miller, JE and Fiscus, EL and Pursley, WA and Stefanski, LA}, year={2005}, pages={883–895} }
 @misc{fiscus_booker_burkey_2005, title={Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0140-7791"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01349.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={8}, journal={PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT}, author={Fiscus, EL and Booker, FL and Burkey, KO}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={997–1011} }
 @article{booker_fiscus_2005, title={The role of ozone flux and antioxidants in the suppression of ozone injury by elevated CO2 in soybean}, volume={56}, ISSN={["0022-0957"]}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/eri214}, abstractNote={The projected rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to increase growth and yield of many agricultural crops. The magnitude of this stimulus will partly depend on interactions with other components of the atmosphere such as tropospheric O3. Elevated CO2 concentrations often lessen the deleterious effects of O3, but the mechanisms responsible for this response have received little direct examination. Previous studies have indicated that protection against O3 injury by elevated CO2 can be attributed to reduced O3 uptake, while other studies suggest that CO2 effects on anti-oxidant metabolism might also be involved. The aim of this experiment was to test further the roles of O3 flux and antioxidant metabolism in the suppression of O3 injury by elevated CO2. In a two-year experiment, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was exposed from emergence to maturity to charcoal-filtered air or charcoal-filtered air plus a range of O3 concentrations in combination with ambient or approximately twice-ambient CO2 concentrations in open-top field chambers. Experimental manipulation of O3 concentrations and estimates of plant O3 uptake indicated that equivalent O3 fluxes that suppressed net photosynthesis, growth, and yield at ambient concentrations of CO2 were generally much less detrimental to plants treated concurrently with elevated CO2. These responses appeared unrelated to treatment effects on superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase activities and glutathione concentration. Total ascorbic acid concentration increased by 28-72% in lower canopy leaves in response to elevated CO2 and O3 but not in upper canopy leaves. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 will likely ameliorate O3 damage to many crops due to reduced O3 uptake, increased carbon assimilation, and possibly as yet undetermined additional factors. The results of this study further suggest that elevated CO2 may increase the threshold O3 flux for biomass and yield loss in soybean.}, number={418}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Booker, FL and Fiscus, EL}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={2139–2151} }
 @article{booker_burkey_overmyer_jones_2004, title={Differential responses of G-protein Arabidopsis thaliana mutants to ozone}, volume={162}, ISSN={["1469-8137"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01081.x}, abstractNote={•  Ground-level ozone (O3 ) curtails agricultural production in many regions worldwide. However, the etiology of O3 toxicity remains unclear. Activated oxygen species appear to inflict biochemical lesions and propagate defense responses that compound plant injury. Because some plant defense responses involve membrane-delimited GTPases (G proteins), we evaluated the O3 sensitivity of Arabidopsis mutants altered in the heterotrimeric G-protein pathway. •  Eight genotypes were treated with a range of O3 concentrations (0, 100, 175 and 250 nmol mol-1 ) for 13 d in controlled environment chambers. •  After treatment with O3 , the epinasty typically observed for wild type leaves did not occur in mutant plants lacking the alpha subunit of the G-protein complex (gpa1). O3 -induced suppression of leaf chlorophyll levels and leaf mass per unit leaf area were less for gpa1 mutants and were not due to differences in O3 flux. •  There was a positive correlation between the lack of a G-protein alpha subunit and decreased O3 sensitivity. Our results suggest that a heterotrimeric G-protein is critically involved in the expression of O3 effects in plants.}, number={3}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Booker, FL and Burkey, KO and Overmyer, K and Jones, AM}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={633–641} }
 @article{booker_2004, title={Influence of ozone on ribonuclease activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves}, volume={120}, ISSN={["0031-9317"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0238.x}, abstractNote={ Ribonucleases (RNases) degrade RNA and exert a major influence on gene expression during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. RNase activity typically increases in response to pathogen attack, wounding and phosphate (Pi) deficiency. Activity also increases during senescence and other programmed cell death processes. The air pollutant ozone (O3) often induces injury and accelerated senescence in many plants, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in these responses remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether RNase activity and isozyme expression was stimulated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flag leaves following treatment with O3. Plants were treated in open‐top chambers with charcoal‐filtered air (27 nmol O3 mol−1) (control) or non‐filtered air plus O3 (90 nmol O3 mol−1) (O3) from seedling to reproductive stage. After exposure for 56 days, RNase activity was 2.1 times higher in flag leaf tissues from an O3‐sensitive cultivar in the O3 treatment compared with the control, which generally coincided with foliar injury and lower soluble protein concentration, but not soluble leaf [Pi]. Soluble [Pi] in leaf tissue extracts from the O3 and control treatments was not significantly different. RNase activity gels indicated the presence of three major RNases and two nucleases, and their expression was enhanced by the O3 treatment. Isozymes stimulated in the O3 treatment were also stimulated in naturally senescent flag leaf tissues from plants in the control. However, soluble [Pi] in extracts from naturally senescent flag leaves was 50% lower than that found in green flag leaves in the control treatment. Thus, senescence‐like pathological responses induced by O3 were accompanied by increased RNase and nuclease activities that also were observed in naturally senescent leaves. However, [Pi] in the leaf tissue samples suggested that O3‐induced injury and accelerated senescence was atypical of normal senescence processes in that Pi export was not observed in O3‐treated plants. }, number={2}, journal={PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM}, author={Booker, FL}, year={2004}, month={Feb}, pages={249–255} }
 @article{fuhrer_booker_2003, title={Ecological issues related to ozone: agricultural issues}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1873-6750"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00157-5}, abstractNote={Research on the effects of ozone on agricultural crops and agro-ecosystems is needed for the development of regional emission reduction strategies, to underpin practical recommendations aiming to increase the sustainability of agricultural land management in a changing environment, and to secure food supply in regions with rapidly growing populations. Major limitations in current knowledge exist in several areas: (1) Modelling of ozone transfer and specifically stomatal ozone uptake under variable environmental conditions, using robust and well-validated dynamic models that can be linked to large-scale photochemical models lack coverage. (2) Processes involved in the initial reactions of ozone with extracellular and cellular components after entry through the stomata, and identification of key chemical species and their role in detoxification require additional study. (3) Scaling the effects from the level of individual cells to the whole-plant requires, for instance, a better understanding of the effects of ozone on carbon transport within the plant. (4) Implications of long-term ozone effects on community and whole-ecosystem level processes, with an emphasis on crop quality, element cycling and carbon sequestration, and biodiversity of pastures and rangelands require renewed efforts. The UNECE Convention on Long Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution shows, for example, that policy decisions may require the use of integrated assessment models. These models depend on quantitative exposure-response information to link quantitative effects at each level of organization to an effective ozone dose (i.e., the balance between the rate of ozone uptake by the foliage and the rate of ozone detoxification). In order to be effective in a policy, or technological context, results from future research must be funnelled into an appropriate knowledge transfer scheme. This requires data synthesis, up-scaling, and spatial aggregation. At the research level, interactions must be considered between the effects of ozone and factors that are either directly manipulated by man through crop management, or indirectly changed. The latter include elevated atmospheric CO(2), particulate matter, other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, UV-B radiation, climate and associated soil moisture conditions.}, number={2-3}, journal={ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL}, author={Fuhrer, J and Booker, F}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={141–154} }
 @article{fiscus_booker_2002, title={Growth of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutant is challenged by radiation longer than the UV-B band}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0098-8472"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0098-8472(02)00038-2}, abstractNote={Growth, seed yield and accumulation of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds were studied in chalcone isomerase-defective tt-5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana and its Landsberg erecta (Ler) progenitor under full-spectrum solar radiation and a series of filters which attenuated progressively larger portions of the UV-B and UV-A radiation bands. The purpose was to determine: (1) whether or not the tt-5 mutant could be induced to grow more or less normally, given adequate protection from damaging UV in the presence of high levels of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) so that it could be used as a surrogate for mechanistic high UV studies; (2) whether the generalized plant action spectrum or the alfalfa DNA damage action spectrum would best describe the observed responses; and (3) if the traditional Mylar (polyester) filter provides an adequate control for UV damage studies. Maximum rosette diameter (MRD), plant height and fresh weight at harvest and seed yield were measured, along with absorbance of leaf extracts at 300 nm and accumulation of total phenolics before and after exposure to UV. Three types of UV filters were used: cellulose diacetate (CD), which non-selectively transmits all the UV reaching the earth's surface; Mylar, which cuts off UV below about 320 nm; and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which cuts off UV below about 340 nm. Generally, Ler showed no significant growth effects under any of the treatments except for plant height which was reduced in Mylar and CD when compared to PVC. Conversely, tt-5 generally exhibited progressive decreases in all the measures of plant growth with PVC resulting in the best growth, Mylar treatments showing significant reductions and CD treatments even greater reductions. It was clear that even under these circumstances: the disruption to secondary metabolism in tt-5 makes it unsuitable for mechanistic studies of high UV-B damage; the alfalfa DNA action spectrum seemed the best correlated with observed responses and suggests a significant damaging radiation band which is not affected by stratospheric ozone; and since the damaging radiation extends beyond the Mylar cut-in, this material will not provide an adequate control for UV damage studies.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Fiscus, EL and Booker, FL}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={213–224} }
 @article{krupa_mcgrath_andersen_booker_burkey_chappelka_chevone_pell_zilinskas_2001, title={Ambient ozone and plant health}, volume={85}, ISSN={["0191-2917"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.1.4}, abstractNote={HomePlant DiseaseVol. 85, No. 1Ambient Ozone and Plant Health PreviousNext OPENOpen Access licenseAmbient Ozone and Plant HealthSagar Krupa, Margaret Tuttle McGrath, Christian P. Andersen, Fitzgerald L. Booker, Kent O. Burkey, Arthur H. Chappelka, Boris I. Chevone, Eva J. Pell, and Barbara A. ZilinskasSagar Krupa, Margaret Tuttle McGrath, Christian P. Andersen, Fitzgerald L. Booker, Kent O. Burkey, Arthur H. Chappelka, Boris I. Chevone, Eva J. Pell, and Barbara A. ZilinskasAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Sagar Krupa , University of Minnesota, St. Paul Margaret Tuttle McGrath , Cornell University, Riverhead, NY Christian P. Andersen , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR Fitzgerald L. Booker Kent O. Burkey , USDA-ARS Air Quality Research Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Arthur H. Chappelka , Auburn University, Auburn, AL Boris I. Chevone , Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg Eva J. Pell , Pennsylvania State University, University Park Barbara A. Zilinskas , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Published Online:23 Feb 2007https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.1.4AboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 85, No. 1 January 2001SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 25 Jan 2008Published: 23 Feb 2007 Pages: 4-12 Information© 2000 The American Phytopathological SocietyPDF downloadCited byAcute ozone exposure decreases terpene emissions from Canary Island pinesAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 333Physiological status of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) along an ozone pollution gradient21 February 2023 | Ecotoxicology, Vol. 32, No. 2Impacts of Agricultural Soil NO x Emissions on O 3 Over Mainland China11 February 2023 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 128, No. 4Improvement of local ozone phytotoxicity modelling for autochthonous grape 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An analysis of published dose-response data30 May 2016 | Global Change Biology, Vol. 22, No. 9Olive Oil for Dressing Plant Leaves so as to Avoid O3 Injury23 July 2016 | Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Vol. 227, No. 8Cellular markers indicative of ozone stress on bioindicator plants growing in a tropical environmentEcological Indicators, Vol. 67Effects of elevated ozone on physiological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics of four common urban tree species in ChinaEcological Indicators, Vol. 67Synergism between ozone and light stress: structural responses of polyphenols in a woody Brazilian speciesChemosphere, Vol. 155Intraspecific variation in juvenile tree growth under elevated CO 2 alone and with O 3 : a meta-analysis15 April 2016 | Tree Physiology, Vol. 36, No. 6Ozone degrades floral scent and reduces pollinator attraction to flowers8 September 2015 | New Phytologist, Vol. 209, No. 1Ozone, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds in a central zone of Chile4 December 2014 | Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, Vol. 8, No. 6Emission factors of fine particles, carbonaceous aerosols and traces gases from road vehicles: Recent tests in an urban tunnel in the Pearl River Delta, ChinaAtmospheric Environment, Vol. 122A comparative analysis of transcriptomic, biochemical, and physiological responses to elevated ozone identifies species-specific mechanisms of resilience in legume crops31 August 2015 | Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 66, No. 22The effects of short- and long-term air pollutants on plant phenology and leaf characteristicsEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 206Terrestrial net primary productivity in India during 1901–2010: contributions from multiple environmental changes2 July 2015 | Climatic Change, Vol. 132, No. 4High time and mass resolved PTR-TOF-MS measurements of VOCs at an urban site of India during winter: Role of anthropogenic, biomass burning, biogenic and photochemical sourcesAtmospheric Research, Vol. 164-165Stomatal ozone flux and visible leaf injury in native juvenile trees of Fagus sylvatica L.: a field study from the Jizerske hory Mts., the Czech Republic13 February 2015 | Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 22, No. 13Temporal dynamics of the cellular events in tobacco leaves exposed in São Paulo, Brazil, indicate oxidative stress by ozone8 January 2015 | Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 22, No. 9Crop physiological response across the Chicago metropolitan region: Developing recommendations for urban and peri-urban farmers in the North Central US13 December 2013 | Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, Vol. 30, No. 1Impact of Climate Change on Forage Availability for LivestockEvidence of widespread ozone-induced visible injury on plants in Beijing, ChinaEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 193Anthocyanins and tannins: is the urban air pollution an elicitor factor?14 January 2014 | Brazilian Journal of Botany, Vol. 37, No. 1Assessment of growth and yield losses in two Zea mays L. cultivars (quality protein maize and nonquality protein maize) under projected levels of ozone11 October 2013 | Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 21, No. 4Effects of chronic elevated ozone concentration on the redox state and fruit yield of red pepper plant Capsicum baccatumEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 100Climate Change Impacts on Plant Pathogens and Plant Diseases9 January 2014 | Journal of Crop Improvement, Vol. 28, No. 1Modern Tools for Enhancing Crop Adaptation to Climatic ChangesOnline coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in Europe: current status and prospects10 January 2014 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, No. 1Signaling molecules and cell death in Melissa officinalis plants exposed to ozone1 October 2013 | Plant Cell Reports, Vol. 32, No. 12Decrease in surface ozone concentrations at Mediterranean remote sites and increase in the citiesAtmospheric Environment, Vol. 79Impact of the short-term mild and severe ozone treatments on the potato spindle tuber viroid-infected tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, Vol. 100, No. 3Exposure to elevated ozone levels differentially affects the antioxidant capacity and the redox homeostasis of two subtropical Phaseolus vulgaris L. varietiesChemosphere, Vol. 93, No. 2Stomata are less responsive to environmental stimuli in high background ozone in Dactylis glomerata and Ranunculus acrisEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 175Flixweed Is More Competitive than Winter Wheat under Ozone Pollution: Evidences from Membrane Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomass22 March 2013 | PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, No. 3Methods for Measuring Gaseous air Pollutants in ForestsA meta-database comparison from various European Research and Monitoring Networks dedicated to forest sites5 February 2013 | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Vol. 6, No. 1Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global terrestrial carbon uptake?11 November 2013 | Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, No. 11Relationship between ozone, meteorological conditions, gas exchange and leaf injury in Nicotiana tabacum Bel-W3 in a sub-tropical regionAtmospheric Environment, Vol. 60Aromatic hydrocarbons as ozone precursors before and after outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis in the Pearl River Delta region, south China7 August 2012 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, No. D15From climate change to molecular response: redox proteomics of ozone‐induced responses in soybean24 January 2012 | New Phytologist, Vol. 194, No. 1The efficiency of tobacco Bel-W3 and native species for ozone biomonitoring in subtropical climate, as revealed by histo-cytochemical techniquesEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 159, No. 12Ozone stress in Melissa officinalis plants assessed by photosynthetic functionEnvironmental and Experimental Botany, Vol. 73Position Statement on Crop Adaptation to Climate Change1 November 2011 | Crop Science, Vol. 51, No. 6Physiological, anatomical and biomass partitioning responses to ozone in the Mediterranean endemic plant Lamottea dianaeEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 74, No. 5Effects of Riyadh cement industry pollutions on some physiological and morphological factors of Datura innoxia Mill. plantSaudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 3Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to O3Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 6Structural responses of Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth 'Scarlet O'Hara' (Convolvulaceae) exposed to ozoneActa Botanica Brasilica, Vol. 25, No. 1Annual and seasonal trends of ambient ozone concentration and its impact on forest vegetation in Mercantour National Park (South-eastern France) over the 2000–2008 periodEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 159, No. 2Ecosystems29 July 2011Responses of evergreen and deciduous Quercus species to enhanced ozone levelsEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 159, No. 1Specific accumulation of CYP94A1 transcripts after exposure to gaseous benzaldehyde: Induction of lauric acid ω-hydroxylase activity in Vicia sativa exposed to atmospheric pollutantsEnvironmental Research, Vol. 111, No. 1Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution16 March 2011 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, No. 6Contrasting ozone sensitivity in related evergreen and deciduous shrubsEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 158, No. 12Gas exchange, antioxidants and foliar injuries in saplings of a tropical woody species exposed to ozoneEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 73, No. 4Individual growth rates do not predict aphid population densities under altered atmospheric conditionsAgricultural and Forest Entomology, Vol. 40No interaction between methyl jasmonate and ozone in Pima cotton: growth and allocation respond independently to bothPlant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 284Agronomic considerations for urban agriculture in southern cities8 June 2011 | International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 1-2Effect of exogenous ascorbic acid on photosynthesis and growth of rice under O<SUB>3</SUB> stressChinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Vol. 17, No. 6Metabolic-dependent changes in plant cell redox power after ozone exposurePlant Biology, Vol. 11Genomics of Secondary Metabolism in Populus : Interactions with Biotic and Abiotic EnvironmentsCritical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 5Anthocyanins and tannins in ozone-fumigated guava treesChemosphere, Vol. 76, No. 10Visible foliar injury and infrared imaging show that daylength affects short-term recovery after ozone stress in Trifolium subterraneum15 July 2009 | Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 60, No. 13Chemical Diversity and Defence Metabolism: How Plants Cope with Pathogens and Ozone Pollution30 July 2009 | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 8Validation of the stomatal flux approach for the assessment of ozone visible injury in young forest trees. Results from the TOP (transboundary ozone pollution) experiment at Curno, ItalyEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 157, No. 5Corrosion on cultural heritage buildings in Italy: A role for ozone?Environmental Pollution, Vol. 157, No. 5RNAi-mediated suppression of isoprene biosynthesis in hybrid poplar impacts ozone tolerance13 February 2009 | Tree Physiology, Vol. 29, No. 5The Ozone Component of Global Change: Potential Effects on Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Yield, Product Quality and Interactions with Invasive SpeciesJournal of Integrative Plant Biology, Vol. 51, No. 4Assessing the impacts of current and future concentrations of surface ozone on crop yield with meta-analysisAtmospheric Environment, Vol. 43, No. 8Nutritional Traits of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seeds from Plants Chronically Exposed to Ozone Pollution4 December 2008 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 57, No. 1Global Climate Change, Stress and Plant Productivity7 November 2009A meta-analysis of responses of wheat yield formation to elevated ozone concentration5 February 2009 | Science Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 2Chapter 4 Relating Source-Specific Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide Inputs to Ecological Effects Assessment in a Complex TerrainChapter 12 Concluding RemarksThe challenge of making ozone risk assessment for forest trees more mechanisticEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 156, No. 3Impact of elevated ozone concentration on growth, physiology, and yield of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.): a meta-analysis3 August 2008 | Global Change Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11Field surveys for potential ozone bioindicator plant species in Argentina7 July 2007 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 138, No. 1-3Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn., a native Atlantic Forest species, as a bio-indicator of ozone: Visible injuryEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 152, No. 2Visible leaf injury in young trees of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L. in relation to ozone uptake and ozone exposure. An Open-Top Chambers experiment in South Alpine environmental conditionsEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 152, No. 2Ecotoxicology of ozone: Bioactivation of extracellular ascorbateBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 366, No. 2Avaliação da sensibilidade de plantas jovens de quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. - Malvaceae) ao ozônioHoehnea, Vol. 35, No. 3Effect of Air Pollution and Ethylene Diurea on Broad Bean Plants Grown at Two Localities in KSAInternational Journal of Botany, Vol. 4, No. 1Oxidative Stress, the Paradigm of Ozone Toxicity in Plants and Animals11 October 2007 | Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Vol. 187, No. 1-4Foliar, Physiologial and Growth Responses of Four Maple Species Exposed to Ozone10 July 2007 | Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Vol. 185, No. 1-4Response of gas exchange and yield components of field-grown Triticum aestivum L. to elevated ozone in ChinaPhotosynthetica, Vol. 45, No. 3Ozone Reactivity and Free Radical Scavenging Behavior of Phenolic Secondary Metabolites in Lichens Exposed to Chronic Oxidant Air Pollution from Mexico City10 July 2007 | Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 33, No. 8Influence of elevated CO2 and ozone concentrations on late blight resistance and growth of potato plantsEnvironmental and Experimental Botany, Vol. 60, No. 3Expression of the rice cytoplasmic cysteine synthase gene in tobacco reduces ozone-induced damage19 April 2007 | Plant Biotechnology Reports, Vol. 1, No. 2Perspectives regarding 50years of research on effects of tropospheric ozone air pollution on US forestsEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 147, No. 3Psidium guajava 'Paluma' (the guava plant) as a new bio-indicator of ozone in the tropicsEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 147, No. 3Assessment of Vegetation Stress Using Reflectance or Fluorescence Measurements1 May 2007 | Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 36, No. 3Ozone stress and antioxidant substances in Trifolium repens and Centaurea jacea leavesEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 146, No. 3Variations and trends of ground-level ozone and AOT40 in the rural areas of Lithuania5 August 2006 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 127, No. 1-3Ozone-induced foliar injury in saplings of Psidium guajava 'Paluma' in São Paulo, BrazilChemosphere, Vol. 66, No. 7Alterações bioquímicas associadas a injúrias foliares visíveis em plantas jovens de Psidium guajava 'Paluma' mantidas em ambiente contaminado por ozônioHoehnea, Vol. 34, No. 2Tropospheric Ozone and Interspecific Competition between Yellow Nutsedge and Pima Cotton1 September 2006 | Crop Science, Vol. 46, No. 5Soil respiration in northern forests exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone18 February 2006 | Oecologia, Vol. 148, No. 3Interannual climatic variation mediates elevated CO 2 and O 3 effects on forest growth19 April 2006 | Global Change Biology, Vol. 12, No. 6Visible foliar injury caused by ozone alters the relationship between SPAD meter readings and chlorophyll concentrations in cutleaf coneflower26 January 2006 | Photosynthesis Research, Vol. 87, No. 3Efficacy of OxiDate™ for Control of Early Blight (Alternaria solani) in Potato StoragesPlant Pathology Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1Tropospheric O 3 compromises net primary production in young stands of trembling aspen, paper birch and sugar maple in response to elevated atmospheric CO 22 September 2005 | New Phytologist, Vol. 168, No. 3Growth Parameters and Resistance against Drechslera teres of Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Scarlett) Grown at Elevated Ozone and Carbon Dioxide ConcentrationsPlant Biology, Vol. 7, No. 6Role of ethylene diurea (EDU) in assessing impact of ozone on Vigna radiata L. plants in a suburban area of Allahabad (India)Chemosphere, Vol. 61, No. 2Air pollution, precipitation chemistry and forest health in the Retezat Mountains, Southern Carpathians, RomaniaEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 137, No. 3Assessment of Ambient Ozone Effects on Vegetation Using Snap Bean as a Bioindicator Species1 May 2005 | Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 34, No. 3Gesunde Pflanzen unter zuk�nftigem Klima14 December 2004 | Gesunde Pflanzen, Vol. 57, No. 1ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAUSE PLANT DISEASESA chamberless field exposure system for ozone enrichment of short vegetationEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 133, No. 1Elevated CO2 protects poplar (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides) from damage induced by O3: identification of mechanismsFunctional Plant Biology, Vol. 32, No. 3Effects of ozone on the foliar histology of the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.)Environmental Pollution, Vol. 132, No. 2Aphid individual performance may not predict population responses to elevated CO 2 or O 35 July 2004 | Global Change Biology, Vol. 10, No. 8Responses of hybrid poplar clones and red maple seedlings to ambient O3 under differing light within a mixed hardwood forestEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 130, No. 2Ecophysiological and biochemical strategies of response to ozone in Mediterranean evergreen broadleaf speciesAtmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, No. 15Ambient flux-based critical values of ozone for protecting vegetation: differing spatial scales and uncertainties in risk assessmentAtmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, No. 15Ozone impacts on cotton: towards an integrated mechanismEnvironmental Pollution, Vol. 126, No. 3Field crop responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: a reviewAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 120, No. 1-4Sensitivity of Watermelon Cultigens to Ambient Ozone in North CarolinaGerald J. Holmes and Jonathan R. Schultheis23 February 2007 | Plant Disease, Vol. 87, No. 4Ozone: A Novel Plant "Pathogen"Factors that affect leaf extracellular ascorbic acid content and redox status20 December 2002 | Physiologia Plantarum, Vol. 117, No. 1The impact of ozone on a salt marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora)Environmental Pollution, Vol. 120, No. 3}, number={1}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Krupa, S and McGrath, MT and Andersen, CP and Booker, FL and Burkey, KO and Chappelka, AH and Chevone, BI and Pell, EJ and Zilinskas, BA}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={4–12} }
 @article{booker_maier_2001, title={Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation, and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1758-4469"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/21.9.609}, abstractNote={Concentrations of total soluble phenolics, catechin, proanthocyanidins (PA), lignin and nitrogen (N) were measured in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles exposed to either ambient CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]), ambient plus 175 or ambient plus 350 micromol CO(2) mol(-1) in branch chambers for 2 years. The CO(2) treatments were superimposed on a 2 x 2 factorial combination of irrigation and fertilization treatments. In addition, we compared the effects of branch chambers and open-top chambers on needle chemistry. Proanthocyanidin and N concentrations were measured in needles from branch chambers and from trees in open-top chambers exposed concurrently for two years to either ambient [CO(2)] or ambient plus 200 micromol CO(2) mol(-1) in combination with a fertilization treatment. In the branch chambers, concentrations of total soluble phenolics in needles generally increased with needle age. Concentrations of total soluble phenolics, catechin and PA in needle extracts increased about 11% in response to the elevated [CO(2)] treatments. There were no significant treatment effects on foliar lignin concentrations. Nitrogen concentrations were about 10% lower in needles from the elevated [CO(2)] treatments than in needles from the ambient [CO(2)] treatments. Soluble phenolic and PA concentrations were higher in the control and irrigated soil treatments in about half of the comparisons; otherwise, differences were not statistically significant. Needle N concentrations increased 23% in response to fertilization. Treatment effects on PA and N concentrations were similar between branch and open-top chambers, although in this part of the study N concentrations were not significantly affected by the CO(2) treatments in either the branch or open-top chambers. We conclude that elevated [CO(2)] and low N availability affected foliar chemical composition, which could in turn affect plant-pathogen interactions, decomposition rates and mineral nutrient cycling.}, number={9}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Booker, FL and Maier, CA}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={609–616} }
 @article{booker_shafer_wei_horton_2000, title={Carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen fertilization effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant residue chemistry and decomposition}, volume={220}, ISSN={["0032-079X"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1004773404948}, number={1-2}, journal={PLANT AND SOIL}, author={Booker, FL and Shafer, SR and Wei, CM and Horton, SJ}, year={2000}, pages={89–98} }
 @article{booker_2000, title={Influence of carbon dioxide enrichment, ozone and nitrogen fertilization on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf and root composition}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1365-3040"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00576.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT}, author={Booker, FL}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={573–583} }
 @article{fiscus_philbeck_britt_booker_1999, title={Growth of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants under solar radiation and UV filters}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0098-8472"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0098-8472(99)00011-8}, abstractNote={Growth of the chalcone isomerase defective tt-5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana and its Landsberg erecta progenitor were compared under a variety of full spectrum solar radiation conditions to determine if the tt-5 mutant could serve as an adequate subject for studies of the mechanisms of damage by UV-B radiation. An experiment was conducted in the fall of 1995 under open field filter frames using cellulose diacetate and Mylar filters to transmit and exclude natural UV-B irradiation, respectively. Even though growth under these conditions was slow and erratic owing to lack of temperature control, growth suppression as indicated by rosette diameter and harvest fresh weights provided a sensitive indicator of UV-B stress. This experience led to development of temperature-controlled Teflon-covered field chambers that admit up to 88% of the total daily PAR and about 85% of ambient UV-B, omit predators, and provide a generally stable environment for quantitative plant growth studies. The chambers were designed to facilitate the addition of optical filters and/or shade cloth and to accommodate control of the gaseous environment for pollutant and climate change studies and to provide clean air for other experiments. Three additional experiments were conducted in these chambers. Measurements of rosette diameter, weights of various aboveground plant parts, and plant height were evaluated as potential methods of comparing growth sensitivities of the tt-5 mutant to UV-B radiation. The weight of the reproductive parts (flowers and siliques) as a fraction of the total (e.g. harvest index) was consistently and negatively affected by solar UV-B, as was simple plant height. However, in no case, even in the virtual absence of UV-B, was growth of tt-5 comparable to that of Ler. We conclude that the disruption of secondary metabolism in tt-5 has growth implications far beyond the lack of UV-B protection, making it unsuitable as a surrogate for high UV-B experimentation.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Fiscus, EL and Philbeck, R and Britt, AB and Booker, FL}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={231–245} }
 @article{heagle_booker_miller_pursley_stefanski_1999, title={Influence of daily carbon dioxide exposure duration and root environment on soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0047-2425"]}, DOI={10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800020034x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY}, author={Heagle, AS and Booker, FL and Miller, JE and Pursley, WA and Stefanski, LA}, year={1999}, pages={666–675} }
 @article{warren_allen_booker_1999, title={Mineral nutrition, resin flow and phloem phytochemistry in loblolly pine}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/19.10.655}, abstractNote={Southern pine beetles and associated pathogenic fungi represent the largest biotic threat to pine forests in the southeastern USA. The two primary defensive mechanisms of the tree to the beetle-fungal complex are the primary oleoresin flow and the concentrations of preformed and induced secondary compounds. We compared oleoresin flow and concentrations of phloem nutrients, soluble sugars, starch, total phenolics and proanthocyanidins in Pinus taeda L. trees in fertilized and control plots in the Sandhills region of North Carolina. Four blocks of 10 trees per treatment were sampled on five dates from May to November 1995. Phloem nitrogen and potassium concentrations were elevated in trees on fertilized plots, whereas phloem calcium concentrations were decreased. Fertilization significantly enhanced (10-20%) concentrations of phloem phenolics and proanthocyanidins. In contrast, phloem soluble sugars and starch concentrations were up to 30% lower in fertilized trees than in control trees. Increased phenolic concentrations and lower nonstructural carbohydrates should correlate with reduced tissue palatability and decreased pathogen susceptibility in fertilized trees; however, resin flows were significantly lower (30-100%) in fertilized trees compared with control trees, which may facilitate pine bark beetle establishment. Furthermore, fertilization-induced increases in phloem nitrogen concentration may be more important than tissue carbohydrate or phenolic content in determining tissue palatability.}, number={10}, journal={Tree Physiology}, author={Warren, J. M. and Allen, Howard and Booker, F. L.}, year={1999}, pages={655–663} }
 @article{heagle_miller_booker_pursley_1999, title={Ozone stress, carbon dioxide enrichment, and nitrogen fertility interactions in cotton}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900030021x}, abstractNote={Ozone (O 3 ) in the troposphere can cause plant stress leading to foliar injury and suppressed growth and yield, whereas elevated CO 2 generally enhances growth and yield. Numerous studies have been performed to determine effects of O 3 and CO 2 separately, but relatively few have been performed to determine if 03 can affect plant response to CO 2 or vice versa. Open-top field chambers were used to determine if such interactions occur for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which is relatively sensitive to O 3 . Nitrogen nutrition is especially important in cotton production so N nutrition was included as an experimental factor. Plants were grown in 14-L pots at low, medium, and high soil N levels and exposed to three CO 2 and two or three 03 treatments in all combinations during two seasons. The CO 2 treatments were ambient (370 μL L -1 ) and two treatments with CO 2 added for 24 h d -1 at approximately 1.5 and 2.0 times ambient. In 1995, the O 3 treatments were charcoal filtered air (CF), and nonfiltered air (NF) with 03 added for 12 h d -1 (NF+). In 1996, a NF treatment was also included to represent ambient 03 conditions. The CF, NF, and NF+ treatments resulted in seasonal 03 concentrations of approximately 23, 51, and 75 nL L -1 . Carbon dioxide enrichment generally stimulated growth and yield whereas 03 exposure suppressed growth and yield. Stimulation induced by CO 2 increased as O 3 stress increased. For example, in 1995 at medium N, the percentage increase in yield caused by doubling CO 2 in CF air was 0%, but was 52% in NF+ air. Comparable values for 1996 were 23% in CF air and 140% in NF+ air. These interactions occurred for a range of soil N levels, and were probably caused by CO 2 -induced prevention of 03 stress. The results emphasize the need to consider O 3 X CO 2 interactions to ensure correct interpretation of cause-effect relationships in CO 2 enrichment studies with crops that are sensitive to O 3 .}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Heagle, AS and Miller, JE and Booker, FL and Pursley, WA}, year={1999}, pages={731–741} }
 @article{heagle_miller_booker_1998, title={Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: I. Foliar properties}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800010020x}, abstractNote={Tropospheric O3 can cause foliar injury, decreased growth, and decreased yield, whereas CO2 enrichment generally causes opposite effects. Little is known about plant response to mixtures of O3 and CO2. Open‐top field chambers were used to determine if foliar responses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to CO2 enrichment are affected by O3 stress and vice versa. Plants were grown in 14‐L pots and exposed to four CO2 and three O3 concentrations in 12 combinations. The CO2 treatments were ambient (366 μL−) and three treatments with CO2 added for 24 h d 1 at approximately 1.3, 1.6, and 2.0 times ambient. The O3 treatments were charcoal‐filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and NF with O3 added for 12 h−1 ( NF+), resulting in seasonal concentrations of approximately 20, 46, and 75 nL L−1. Foliar effects of CO2 enrichment were dependent on the amount of stress caused by O3. In the CF treatment, plants were not stressed by O3, and CO2 enrichment caused chlorosis and decreased chlorophyll. In the NF and NF+ treatments, plants were stressed by 03, and CO2 enrichment suppressed chlorosis and increased chlorophyll. Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO2 caused opposite responses for these measures. Ozone increased foliar S and B but did not affect P or K concentrations. Conversely, CO2 enrichment suppressed foliar S, B, P, and K concentrations. These interactions between O3 and CO2 emphasize a need to consider the amount of plant stress caused by O3 in studies to measure effects of CO2 enrichment.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Heagle, AS and Miller, JE and Booker, FL}, year={1998}, pages={113–121} }
 @article{booker_miller_1998, title={Phenylpropanoid metabolism and phenolic composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves following exposure to ozone}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1460-2431"]}, DOI={10.1093/jexbot/49.324.1191}, abstractNote={Plants treated with the air pollutant, ozone (O3), often respond with increased transcript levels and activities of enzymes in the general phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways. This suggests that increased biosynthesis of lignin and related products also occurs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether O3 stimulated enzyme activities in these pathways in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves, and if so, were hydroxycinnamic acids, lignin and suberin also produced. Plants were grown for 6 weeks in charcoal-filtered (CF) air and then treated with either CF air or CF air plus 100 nmol O3 mol−-1 7 h daily for up to 13 d in chambers in the greenhouse or in open-top chambers in the field. In greenhouse experiments, the activities of general phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase) were stimulated by O3 after 6 h. The activity of an enzyme in the lignin pathway (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) increased in O3-treated plants after 27 h. In greenhouse and field experiments, levels of cell-wall-bound total phenolics, acid-insoluble lignin and lignothioglycolic acid (LTGA) extracted from leaf tissue from O3-treated plants increased on average by 65%. However, histochemistry, UV and IR spectra, radiolabelling and a nitrobenzene oxidation assay all indicated that lignin and suberin did not increase with O3 treatment. Acidinsoluble lignin and LTGA extracted from O3-treated plants probably contained phenolic polymers that form in wounded or senescent tissues, thereby causing overestimates of the changes. Ozone-induced increases in phenolic metabolism, resembling certain elicited defence responses, thus occurred in concert with effects characteristic of the browning reaction and wound responses.}, number={324}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Booker, FL and Miller, JE}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={1191–1202} }
 @article{mackay_omalley_presnell_booker_campbell_whetten_sederoff_1997, title={Inheritance, gene expression, and lignin characterization in a mutant pine deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase}, volume={94}, ISSN={["0027-8424"]}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.94.15.8255}, abstractNote={
            We have discovered a mutant loblolly pine (
            Pinus taeda
            L.) in which expression of the gene encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC
            1.1.1.195
            ) is severely reduced. The products of CAD, cinnamyl alcohols, are the precursors of lignin, a major cell wall polymer of plant vascular tissues. Lignin composition in this mutant shows dramatic modifications, including increased incorporation of the substrate of CAD (coniferaldehyde), indicating that CAD may modulate lignin composition in pine. The recessive
            cad-n1
            allele, which causes this phenotype, was discovered in a tree heterozygous for this mutant allele. It is inherited as a simple Mendelian locus that maps to the same genomic region as the
            cad
            locus. In mutant plants, CAD activity and abundance of
            cad
            RNA transcript are low, and free CAD substrate accumulates to a high level. The wood of the mutant is brown, whereas the wood in wild types is nearly white. The wood phenotype resembles that of brown midrib (
            bm
            ) mutants and some transgenic plants in which xylem is red-brown due to a reduction in CAD activity. However, unlike transgenics with reduced CAD, the pine mutant has decreased lignin content. Wood in which the composition of lignin varies beyond previous expectations still provides vascular function and mechanical support.
          }, number={15}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={MacKay, JJ and OMalley, DM and Presnell, T and Booker, FL and Campbell, MM and Whetten, RW and Sederoff, RR}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={8255–8260} }
 @article{booker_reid_brunschonharti_fiscus_miller_1997, title={Photosynthesis and photorespiration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] chronically exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0022-0957"]}, DOI={10.1093/jexbot/48.315.1843}, number={315}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Booker, FL and Reid, CD and BrunschonHarti, S and Fiscus, EL and Miller, JE}, year={1997}, month={Oct}, pages={1843–1852} }
 @article{booker_anttonen_heagle_1996, title={Catechin, proanthocyanidin and lignin contents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles after chronic exposure to ozone}, volume={132}, ISSN={["1469-8137"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01868.x}, abstractNote={summary}, number={3}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Booker, FL and Anttonen, S and Heagle, AS}, year={1996}, month={Mar}, pages={483–492} }
 @article{booker_fiscus_1995, title={Measurement and modeling of ultraviolet-B irradiance}, ISBN={3540589066}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-85193-3_14}, journal={Climate change and rice}, publisher={New York : Springer-Verlag}, author={Booker, F. L. and Fiscus, E. L.}, year={1995}, pages={147} }
 @article{booker_blum_fiscus_1992, title={SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF FERULIC ACID ON ION UPTAKE AND WATER RELATIONS IN CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1460-2431"]}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/43.5.649}, abstractNote={Ferulic acid (FA) is commonly found in soils and is considered an allelochemical. Studies have suggested that FA and other phenolic acids decrease plant growth in part by decreasing the absorption of mineral nutrients and water. However, no studies have examined these parameters in a single experimental system to investigate how FA affected both ion uptake and plant-water relations in whole plants. Using intact cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv.Early Green Cluster) seedlings, we examined short-term effects of FA on ion uptake kinetics, transport promoters and inhibitors, and water relations as indicated by a pressure-volume analysis}, number={250}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={BOOKER, FL and BLUM, U and FISCUS, EL}, year={1992}, month={May}, pages={649–655} }