William Flowers

Liu, B., Paudel, S., Flowers, W. L., Piedrahita, J. A., & Wang, X. (2023, May). Adrenomedullin Stimulates Proliferation, Migration and Adhesion of Porcine Trophectoderm Cells Via CALCRL-AKT-TSC2-MTORC1 Cell Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 101. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad068.040

Jenkins, A. K., & Flowers, W. L. (2023, October 28). Biological and Management Factors Affecting Colostrum Intake and Pre-Weaning Survival in Piglets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 101, pp. 29–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.033

Liu, B., Paudel, S., Flowers, W. L., Piedrahita, J. A., & Wang, X. (2023, April 10). Uterine histotroph and conceptus development: III. Adrenomedullin stimulates proliferation, migration and adhesion of porcine trophectoderm cells via AKT-TSC2-MTOR cell signaling pathway. AMINO ACIDS, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-023-03265-6

Flowers, W. L. (2022). Factors affecting the production of quality ejaculates from boars. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106840

Flowers, W. L. (2022, March 25). Litter-of-origin traits and their association with lifetime productivity in sows and boars. MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.23565

Lents, C. A., Supakorn, C., DeDecker, A. E., Phillips, C. E., Boyd, R. D., Vallet, J. L., … Stalder, K. J. (2020). Dietary lysine-to-energy ratios for managing growth and pubertal development in replacement gilts. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE, 36(5), 701–714. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2020-02016

Clemons, C. M., & Flowers, W. (2020, November). Effects of birth characteristics, nursing behaviors, and supplemental milk on piglet pre-weaning growth and survival. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 213–213. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.370

Flowers, W. L. (2020). Reproductive management of swine. ANIMAL AGRICULTURE: SUSTAINABILITY, CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIONS, pp. 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817052-6.00016-1

Dillard, D. S., & Flowers, W. L. (2020). Reproductive performance of sows associated with single, fixed-time insemination programs in commercial farms based on either average herd weaning-to-estrus intervals or postweaning estrous activity. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE, 36(1), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2019-01913

He, Y., Maltecca, C., Tiezzi, F., Soto, E. L., & Flowers, W. L. (2020). Transcriptome analysis identifies genes and co-expression networks underlying heat tolerance in pigs. BMC GENETICS, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-00852-4

Knox, R. V., Stewart, K. R., Flowers, W. L., Swanson, M. E., Webel, S. K., & Kraeling, R. R. (2018). Design and biological effects of a vaginally administered gel containing the GnRH agonist, triptorelin, for synchronizing ovulation in swine. THERIOGENOLOGY, 112, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.021

Chung, J., Zhang, X., Collins, B., Sper, R. B., Gleason, K., Simpson, S., … Piedrahita, J. A. (2018). High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) deficiency in pigs leads to dwarfism, abnormal fetal resource allocation, and cryptorchidism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(21), 5420–5425. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721630115

Lima, H. K., Lin, X., Jacobi, S. K., Man, C., Sommer, J., Flowers, W., … Odle, J. (2017). Supplementation of Maternal Diets with Docosahexaenoic Acid and Methylating Vitamins Impacts Growth and Development of Fetuses from Malnourished Gilts. Current Developments in Nutrition, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.3945/cdn.117.001958

Flowers, W. L., Deller, F., & Stewart, K. R. (2016). Use of heterospermic inseminations and paternity testing to evaluate the relative contributions of common sperm traits and seminal plasma proteins in boar fertility. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 174, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.09.016

Huang, Y. L., Ashwell, M. S., Fry, R. S., Lloyd, K. E., Flowers, W. L., & Spears, J. W. (2015, June). Effect of dietary copper amount and source on copper metabolism and oxidative stress of weanling pigs in short-term feeding. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 93, pp. 2948–2955. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8082

Flowers, W. L. (2015). [Review of Factors Affecting the Efficient Production of Boar Sperm]. REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 50, 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12529

Maile, L. A., Busby, W. H., Gollahon, K. A., Flowers, W., Garbacik, N., Garbacik, S., … Clemmons, D. (2014). Blocking Ligand Occupancy of the alpha V beta 3 Integrin Inhibits the Development of Nephropathy in Diabetic Pigs. ENDOCRINOLOGY, 155(12), 4665–4675. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1318

Bohrer, B. M., Flowers, W. L., Kyle, J. M., Johnson, S. S., King, V. L., Spruill, J. L., … Boler, D. D. (2014). Effect of gonadotropin releasing factor suppression with an immunological on growth performance, estrus activity, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of market gilts. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 92(10), 4719–4724. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-7756

Lovercamp, K. W., Stewart, K. R., Lin, X., & Flowers, W. L. (2013). Effect of dietary selenium on boar sperm quality. Animal Reproduction Science, 138(3-4), 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.016

Zhao, Y., Flowers, W. L., Saraiva, A., Yeum, K.-J., & Kim, S. W. (2013). Effect of social ranks and gestation housing systems on oxidative stress status, reproductive performance, and immune status of sows1. Journal of Animal Science, 91(12), 5848–5858. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6388

Flowers, W. L. (2013). TRIENNIAL REPRODUCTION SYMPOSIUM: Sperm characteristics that limit success of fertilization. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 91(7), 3022–3029. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5945

Fry, R. S., Ashwell, M. S., Lloyd, K. E., O'Nan, A. T., Flowers, W. L., Stewart, K. R., & Spears, J. W. (2012). Amount and source of dietary copper affects small intestine morphology, duodenal lipid peroxidation, hepatic oxidative stress, and mRNA expression of hepatic copper regulatory proteins in weanling pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 90(9), 3112–3119. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4403

Kick, A. R., Tompkins, M. B., Flowers, W. L., Whisnant, C. S., & Almond, G. W. (2012). Effects of stress associated with weaning on the adaptive immune system in pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 90(2), 649–656. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3470

Yoder, C. L., Maltecca, C., Cassady, J. P., Flowers, W. L., Price, S., & See, M. T. (2011). Breed differences in pig temperament scores during a performance test and their phenotypic relationship with performance. LIVESTOCK SCIENCE, 136(2-3), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.08.004

Wrench, N., Pinto, C. R. F., Klinefelter, G. R., Dix, D. J., Flowers, W. L., & Farin, C. E. (2010). Effect of season on fresh and cryopreserved stallion semen. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 119(3-4), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.02.007

Stewart, K. R., Flowers, W. L., Rampacek, G. B., Greger, D. L., Swanson, M. E., & Hafs, H. D. (2010). Endocrine, ovulatory and reproductive characteristics of sows treated with an intravaginal GnRH agonist. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 120(1-4), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.003

Wrench, N., Pinto, C. R. F., Klinefelter, G. R., Dix, D. J., Flowers, W. L., & Farin, C. E. (2008). Effect of season on sperm membrane protein 22 and selected mRNAs in fresh and cryopreserved stallion sperm. Animal Reproduction Science, 107(3-4), 357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.05.134

Flowers, W. L. (2008, November). Genetic and phenotypic variation in reproductive traits of AI boars. THERIOGENOLOGY, Vol. 70, pp. 1297–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.016

Collins, E. D., Flowers, W. L., Shanks, R. D., & Miller, D. J. (2008). Porcine sperm zona binding ability as an indicator of fertility. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 104(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.01.012

Belstra, B. A., Flowers, W. L., Croom, W. J., DeGroot, J., & See, M. T. (2005). Urinary excretion of collagen degradation markers by sows during postpartum uterine involution. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 85(1-2), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.035

Creech, B. L., Spears, J. W., Flowers, W. L., Hill, G. M., Lloyd, K. E., Armstrong, T. A., & Engle, T. E. (2004). Effect of dietary trace mineral concentration and source (inorganic vs. chelated) on performance, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in pigs from weaning through finishing. Journal of Animal Science, 82(7), 2140–2147. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8272140x

Belstra, B. A., Flowers, W. L., & See, M. T. (2004). Factors affecting temporal relationships between estrus and ovulation in commercial sow farms. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 84(3-4), 377–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.02.005

Van Heugten, E., O'Quinn, P. R., Funderburke, D. W., Flowers, W. L., & Spears, J. W. (2004). Growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma minerals, and fecal mineral excretion in grower-finisher swine fed diets with levels of trace minerals lower than common industry levels. Journal of Swine Health and Production, 12(5), 237–241.

Popwell, J. M., & Flowers, W. L. (2004). Variability in relationships between semen quality and estimates of in vivo and in vitro fertility in boars. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 81(1-2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2003.08.007

Kegley, E. B., Spears, J. W., Flowers, W. L., & Schoenherr, W. D. (2002). Iron methionine as a source of iron for the neonatal pig. NUTRITION RESEARCH, 22(10), 1209–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00434-7

Armstrong, T. A., Flowers, W. L., Spears, J. W., & Nielsen, F. H. (2002). Long-term effects of boron supplementation on reproductive characteristics and bone mechanical properties in gilts. Journal of Animal Science, 80(1), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.801154x

Armstrong, T. A., Flowers, W. L., & Britt, J. (1999). Control of the weaning-to-estrus interval in sows using gonadotropins and prostaglandins during lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 77(9), 2533–2539. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.7792533x

Flowers, B. (1998). Improving boar fertility. Advances in Pork Production, 9(1998), 1–11.

Flowers, W. L. (1998). New ideas on boar and sow fertility examined. Feedstuffs, 70(35), 12–131923.

Petters, R. M., Alexander, C. A., Wells, K. D., Collins, E. B., Sommer, JR, Blanton, M. R., … Wong, F. (1997). Genetically engineered large animal model for studying cone photoreceptor survival and degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa. NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY, 15(10), 965–970. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1097-965

Flowers, W. L. (1997). Management of boars for efficient semen production. In R. D. G. G. R. Foxcroft & C. Doberska (Eds.), Control of pig reproduction V: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Pig Reproduction, held at Congress Centre Rolduc, Kerkrade, The Netherlands, June 1997 (Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement; no. 52) (Vol. 52, pp. 67–78).

Flowers, W. L. (1997). Management of reproduction. In M. A. V. J. Wiseman & J. P. Chadwick (Eds.), Progress in pig science (pp. 383–405). Thrumpton, Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.

Flowers, W. L. (1992). Artificial insemination in swine. Agri-Practice, 13(2), 36.

FLOWERS, W. L., & ALHUSEN, H. D. (1992). REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE AND ESTIMATES OF LABOR REQUIREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH COMBINATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION AND NATURAL SERVICE IN SWINE. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 70(3), 615–621. https://doi.org/10.2527/1992.703615x