@article{thomas_tilotta_frampton_jetton_2022, title={Sesquiterpene Induction by the Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Adelges piceae) in Putatively Resistant Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri)}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f13050716}, abstractNote={Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., is a tree endemic to the Southern Appalachians and is found only in a few isolated populations at high elevations. Fraser firs are also cultivated on a commercial scale as Christmas trees. The species is imperiled by an introduced insect, the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae Ratzeburg (BWA). The insect severely damages Christmas tree crops and has caused substantial Fraser fir mortality in natural stands. Foliar terpenoids are one mechanism of host plant defense against invading insects and may be one focus of future Christmas tree breeding efforts. This study examines the correlation of foliar terpenoids with Fraser fir performance when infested with BWA. GC-MS and GC-FID analysis of artificially infested Fraser fir foliage reveals that increased concentrations of four terpenoid compounds are associated with BWA infestations. Foliar concentrations of two sesquiterpenes, camphene and humulene, are significantly higher in putatively resistant Fraser fir clones than in more susceptible clones after sustained adelgid feeding for a period of 20 weeks. Although it is unclear if the induction of these sesquiterpenes in the host fir is directly contributing to adelgid resistance, these compounds could serve as effective indicators while screening for BWA resistance in future Christmas tree breeding programs.}, number={5}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Thomas, Austin and Tilotta, David C. and Frampton, John and Jetton, Robert M.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{kurt_matallana-ramirez_kohlway_whetten_frampton_2020, title={A fast, flexible and inexpensive protocol for DNA and RNA extraction for forest trees}, volume={29}, ISSN={["2171-9845"]}, DOI={10.5424/fs/2020292-16730}, abstractNote={Aim of the study: DNA and RNA extraction are still one of the most important and challenging steps of many molecular genetics applications such as Next-Generation Sequencing technologies. In this study, traditional laboratory preparation protocols and commercially available nucleic acids extraction kits’ features were combined into a procedure suitable for extraction of either DNA or RNA in 96-well plate format at high throughput.Area of study: The study covers forest tree species from the United States of America.Materials and methods: The DNA and RNA protocol were tested on 27 species, including especially recalcitrant forest tree species, from five angiosperm and three gymnosperm families. DNA was also extracted from stored (from 2 to 6 years) silica-dried samples of 11 species of Pinaceae.Main results: The spectrophotometric analysis of DNA and RNA showed that gymnosperms yielded lower quantity, but higher quality nucleic acids than angiosperms which have variable results among species. The quantity and quality of DNA from stored samples were generally lower than fresh silica-dried samples. The RNA results showed high-enough yield (6.6 to 8.8 RIN) for downstream analyses.Research highlights: It was demonstrated that high quality and high molecular weight nucleic acids for Next-Generation Sequencing applications can be isolated from hundreds of samples from a wide range of taxonomic groups. The new protocol has features similar to both traditional laboratory and commercial extraction kits; is easy to set up in any molecular research laboratory, can be applied to a large number of samples (hundreds) in a working day, uses inexpensive reagents and supplies, and is compatible with automation.Key words: Angiosperms; gymnosperms; isolation protocol; nucleic acids.}, number={2}, journal={FOREST SYSTEMS}, author={Kurt, Yusuf and Matallana-Ramirez, Lilian and Kohlway, William and Whetten, Ross and Frampton, John}, year={2020} }
 @article{matallana-ramirez_goode_bertone_jansta_burks_jetton_frampton_2020, title={AssessingMegastigmus specularis(Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) infestations in a Fraser fir (Abies fraseri(Pursh) Poir.) clonal seed orchard of the southern Appalachians}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1651-1891"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2020.1789733}, DOI={10.1080/02827581.2020.1789733}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The Christmas tree industry is mainly supplied with seeds from natural stands and genetically improved germplasm from clonal seed orchards (CSOs). Chalcid wasps (Megastigmus spp.) have a negative effect on the value of seedlots by reducing the quantity of viable seeds and represent a risk for national and international seed trade. Seed radiographies, field observations and seed-dissections from 25 Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) clones were used to determine chalcid infestation in a CSO of the southern Appalachians. We provided direct evidence that Mesopolobus cf. pinus is an ectoparasitoid of M. specularis, proposed a model that linked different aspects of the biology of these species and discussed host–insect phenological relationships. Infestation of seeds in some clones across surveys, suggested a potential genetic component to chalcid wasp's prevalence. Cold and dark rearing regimens were used to identify changes in adult insect emergence after variation of overwinter conditions. Both the frequency and the time of emerging M. specularis adults from seeds were affected by the duration of the treatments but not statistical differences were found for Mesopolobus cf. pinus. We present evidence for the efficiency of a gravity-seed cleaning method eliminating upwards of 95% of chalcid-infested seeds.}, number={8}, journal={SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Matallana-Ramirez, Lilian P. and Goode, Kelly and Bertone, Matthew and Jansta, Petr and Burks, Roger and Jetton, Robert and Frampton, John}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={445–455} }
 @article{rasmussen_jensen_frampton_hansen-moller_nielsen_2020, title={Cloning by cuttings in Nordmann fir, Abies nordmanniana: hormonal characteristics in relation crown position, rooting competence, and orthotropism as ramets}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1573-5095"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11056-019-09759-0}, number={5}, journal={NEW FORESTS}, author={Rasmussen, Hanne N. and Jensen, Martin and Frampton, John and Hansen-Moller, Jens and Nielsen, Ulrik Brauner}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={781–800} }
 @article{chaloupkova_stejskal_el-kassaby_frampton_lstiburek_2019, title={Current Advances in Seed Orchard Layouts: Two Case Studies in Conifers}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f10020093}, abstractNote={Currently, there has been an increasing demand on seed orchard designs with respect to mitigating inbreeding in advanced generations or facing severe mortality at sites. Optimum Neighborhood Algorithm design (ONA) excels in solving these issues, as shown in two case studies. The first demonstrates the application of the ONA for populating empty positions in an existing orchard. Following this concept, the ONA can be used for upgrading existing orchards, where only high-value parents are retained and new parents are introduced, thus avoiding the genetic penalty associated with the establishment of new-generation seed orchards. The second illustrates benefits of combining the ONA with the Minimum Inbreeding (MI) seed orchard design. Utilizing the MI, distances among clonal rows of selected clones were maximized on the orchard grid while the remaining single-tree positions were populated by ONA.}, number={2}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Chaloupkova, Katerina and Stejskal, Jan and El-Kassaby, Yousry A. and Frampton, John and Lstiburek, Milan}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
 @article{pettersson_frampton_roennberg_brurberg_talgo_2019, title={Presence of Phytophthora species in Swedish Christmas tree plantations}, volume={153}, ISSN={["1573-8469"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10658-018-01638-2}, number={4}, journal={EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY}, author={Pettersson, Martin and Frampton, John and Roennberg, Jonas and Brurberg, May Bente and Talgo, Venche}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={1221–1236} }
 @article{westbrook_james_sisco_frampton_lucas_jeffers_2019, title={Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Backcross Populations that Descended from Two Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) Sources of Resistance}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS-11-18-1976-RE}, abstractNote={ Restoration of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) depends on combining resistance to both the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) and Phytophthora cinnamomi, which causes Phytophthora root rot, in a diverse population of C. dentata. Over a 14-year period (2004 to 2017), survival and root health of American chestnut backcross seedlings after inoculation with P. cinnamomi were compared among 28 BC3, 66 BC4, and 389 BC3F3 families that descended from two BC1 trees (Clapper and Graves) with different Chinese chestnut grandparents. The 5% most resistant Graves BC3F3 families survived P. cinnamomi infection at rates of 75 to 100% but had mean root health scores that were intermediate between resistant Chinese chestnut and susceptible American chestnut families. Within Graves BC3F3 families, seedling survival was greater than survival of Graves BC3 and BC4 families and was not genetically correlated with chestnut blight canker severity. Only low to intermediate resistance to P. cinnamomi was detected among backcross descendants from the Clapper tree. Results suggest that major-effect resistance alleles were inherited by descendants from the Graves tree, that intercrossing backcross trees enhances progeny resistance to P. cinnamomi, and that alleles for resistance to P. cinnamomi and C. parasitica are not linked. To combine resistance to both C. parasitica and P. cinnamomi, a diverse Graves backcross population will be screened for resistance to P. cinnamomi, survivors bred with trees selected for resistance to C. parasitica, and progeny selected for resistance to both pathogens will be intercrossed. }, number={7}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Westbrook, Jared W. and James, Joseph B. and Sisco, Paul H. and Frampton, John and Lucas, Sunny and Jeffers, Steven N.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1631–1641} }
 @article{frampton_pettersson_braham_2018, title={Genetic Variation for Resistance to Phytophthora Root Rot in Eastern White Pine Seedlings}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f9040161}, abstractNote={Deployment of genetically resistant Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) planting stock could reduce economic losses to root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands in Christmas tree and forest plantations. This study aimed to determine the degree of genetic control of resistance to P. cinnamomi in Eastern white pine and secondarily, to compare the aggressiveness of two P. cinnamomi isolates derived from different host species. Phytophthora isolates from Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) and Eastern white pine were used in a main and supplemental study, respectively, including 83 and 20 open-pollinated families. In each study, two-year-old seedlings were inoculated twice each of two consecutive years and mortality was assessed biweekly for 16 weeks each year. During the first year, mortality increased over time to 18.6% and 40.4% while family variation in mortality ranged from 1.3% to 60.0% and 12.5% to 73.0% in the main and supplemental studies, respectively. At the end of the first year, individual-tree and family-mean heritability estimates were, respectively, 0.44 ± 0.0935 and 0.85 ± 0.180 for the main study, and 0.57 ± 0.216 and 0.90 ± 0.343 for the supplemental study. The P. cinnamomi isolate from Eastern white pine was more aggressive and there was a large interaction between isolates and pine families. Deploying resistant families will be complicated by this interaction but should, nevertheless, reduce economic losses.}, number={4}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Frampton, John and Pettersson, Martin and Braham, Anne Margaret}, year={2018}, month={Apr} }
 @article{hinesley_frampton_deal_deal_2018, title={Ortet Age and Clonal Effects on Growth and Market Value of Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri) Grafts as Christmas Trees}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f9040182}, abstractNote={Grafting provides a means to clonally produce Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) Christmas trees that have desirable traits such as faster growth, greater crown density, increased pest resistance, or more desirable foliage attributes than seedling stock. Grafting Fraser fir to disease resistant rootstocks also provides a means to ameliorate the impact of root rot, predominantly caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. The influence of ortet age on growth and market value of grafts has not been studied for Fraser fir Christmas tree production. A field trial was established in 2004 near Independence, Virginia (USA), with the objectives of assessing (1) the effect of ortet age (stock plants = 6 to 8, 10 to 12, and 18 to 20 years) and (2) shearing regimes (fixed leader length versus variable leader length) on growth, quality, and market value of Fraser fir Christmas trees. Commercial height, Christmas tree grade (based on U. S. Dept. of Agric. standards), and net present value (US dollars) were assessed at the time of harvest. Cone damage to quality was rated after 8 years in the field. Scions from Fraser fir Christmas trees 2 m or taller produced grafts that expressed maturation, resulting in lower tree quality, heavier cone damage, and decreased market value compared to seedling stock. In contrast, the quality and market value of grafts was similar to that of seedlings when scions were collected from young Fraser fir Christmas trees. For Christmas tree production, scions should be collected from the upper whorls of trees no older than 2 to 3 years in the field (6 to 8 years from seed). The effect of age on Fraser fir clones varies so that pre-screening might identify some older selections suitable for use as scion donors. Fixed versus variable shearing regimes had little effect on tree value, although some individual clones responded better to one regime or the other.}, number={4}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Hinesley, Eric and Frampton, John and Deal, Buddy and Deal, Earl}, year={2018}, month={Apr} }
 @article{pettersson_talgo_frampton_karlsson_ronnberg_2018, title={Pathogenicity of Neonectria fuckeliana on Norway Spruce Clones in Sweden and Potential Management Strategies}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f9030105}, abstractNote={The fungus Neonectria fuckeliana has become an increasing problem on Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the Nordic countries during recent years. Canker wounds caused by the pathogen reduce timber quality and top-dieback is a problem for the Christmas tree industry. In this study, four inoculation trials were conducted to examine the ability of N. fuckeliana to cause disease on young Norway spruce plants and determine how different wound types would affect the occurrence and severity of the disease. Symptom development after 8–11 months was mainly mild and lesion lengths under bark were generally minor. However, N. fuckeliana could still be reisolated and/or molecularly detected. Slow disease development is in line with older studies describing N. fuckeliana as a weak pathogen. However, the results do not explain the serious increased damage by N. fuckeliana registered in Nordic forests and Christmas tree plantations. Potential management implications, such as shearing Christmas trees during periods of low inoculum pressure, cleaning secateurs between trees, and removal and burning of diseased branches and trees to avoid inoculum transfer and to keep disease pressure low, are based on experiments presented here and experiences with related pathogens.}, number={3}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Pettersson, Martin and Talgo, Venche and Frampton, John and Karlsson, Bo and Ronnberg, Jonas}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @article{bucholz_frampton_jetton_tilotta_lucia_2017, title={Effect of different headspace concentrations of bornyl acetate on fecundity ofgreen peach aphid and balsam woolly adelgid}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1651-1891"]}, DOI={10.1080/02827581.2016.1275769}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) (BWA) is an exotic pest introduced from Europe to North America in the early 1900s. Subsequent introductions and spread have enabled this pest to infest native Fraser fir stands in the Southern Appalachians and become a troublesome pest for the region’s Christmas tree industry. Means to study its fecundity and control it are consequently of high importance. Headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to compare chemical differences in stem tissue between a resistant species, Veitch fir (Abies veitchii) and the susceptible Fraser fir (Abies fraseri). Comparisons demonstrated that bornyl acetate (BA), a terpenoid, was qualitatively more abundant in resistant Veitch fir than Fraser fir. Varying headspace concentrations of BA were tested to ascertain any biological impacts on egg eclosion of BWA, as well as fecundity of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (GPA), an insect serving as a proxy. Varying concentrations of BA and a known number of adelgid eggs did not indicate any impact of concentration on egg eclosion success. However, defoliated Veitch fir branches in treatment jars produced a significant negative impact on BWA eclosion success. Implications of these findings are discussed.}, number={5}, journal={SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH}, author={Bucholz, Ethan and Frampton, John and Jetton, Robert and Tilotta, David and Lucia, Lucian}, year={2017}, pages={397–405} }
 @article{kohlway_whetten_benson_frampton_2017, title={Response of Turkish and Trojan fir to Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cryptogea}, volume={32}, ISSN={0282-7581 1651-1891}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2017.1280076}, DOI={10.1080/02827581.2017.1280076}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Phytophthora root rot, primarily caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, is a large problem for the Christmas tree industry in North Carolina. Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) has no known innate resistance to this pathogen while some exotic fir species, such as Trojan (Abies equi-trojani) and Turkish (Abies bornmuelleriana) fir display varying amounts of resistance. A Phytophthora-resistance screening trial was completed with 1600 seedlings from 12 Turkish and Trojan fir families and Fraser and momi fir (A. firma). Seedlings from each family or species were inoculated with each of eight Phytophthora isolates, six P. cinnamomi and two Phytophthora cryptogea, in an effort to describe variability in isolate aggressiveness. Mortality was assessed as percent shoot necrosis bi-weekly for 16 weeks. Overall, rankings of resistance in fir species confirmed previous single-isolate-based results; momi fir was the most resistant, followed by Turkish, Trojan, and Fraser fir. P. cinnamomi isolates were generally more aggressive than P. cryptogea isolates. The two P. cryptogea isolates resulted in 5.6% and 0.8% mortality on Turkish fir, and 10.9% and 6.7% mortality on Trojan fir, the first reported resistance screen of these host-pathogen combinations. Pearson’s correlation testing identified a high degree of correlation between most isolates and overall mean mortality. Turkish and Trojan fir families appear to possess resistance to Phytophthora species common in North Carolina.}, number={5}, journal={Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Kohlway, W. H. and Whetten, R. W. and Benson, D. M. and Frampton, J.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={406–411} }
 @article{pullman_olson_fischer_egertsdotter_frampton_bucalo_2016, title={Fraser fir somatic embryogenesis: high frequency initiation, maintenance, embryo development, germination and cryopreservation}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1573-5095"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11056-016-9525-9}, number={3}, journal={NEW FORESTS}, author={Pullman, Gerald S. and Olson, Katie and Fischer, Taylor and Egertsdotter, Ulrika and Frampton, John and Bucalo, Kylie}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={453–480} }
 @article{pettersson_frampton_rönnberg_shew_benson_kohlway_escanferla_cubeta_2016, title={Increased diversity of Phytophthora species in Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations in the Southern Appalachians}, volume={32}, ISSN={0282-7581 1651-1891}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2016.1265144}, DOI={10.1080/02827581.2016.1265144}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Phytophthora root rot (PRR) disease afflicts significant economic losses to the Fraser fir Christmas tree industry. In previous surveys conducted in 1972 and from 1997 to 1998 in North Carolina, the incidence of PRR was ∼9.5% with Phytophthora cinnamomi identified as the predominant causal species isolated from infected roots of Fraser fir. Due to increased use of out-of-state planting stock since 2000, we suspected increased diversity of Phytophthora species. During 2014, we surveyed Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations in the Southern Appalachians of North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia to determine the occurrence of pathogenic root-rotting species of Phytophthora. A weighted sampling strategy based on Christmas tree acreage was deployed to collect symptomatic Fraser fir roots from 103 commercial production fields in 14 counties. Six species of Phytophthora were isolated from infected roots sampled from 82 sites in 13 counties. Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. cryptogea and P. pini represented 70.3%, 23.1% and 1.1% of the 91 isolates. Phytophthora citrophthora, P. europaea and P. sansomeana accounted for the remaining 5.5% of the isolates and have not been identified in previously published Fraser fir surveys conducted in the region. The pathogenicity of P. citrophthora on Fraser fir was confirmed based on completion of Koch’s postulates.}, number={5}, journal={Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Pettersson, M. and Frampton, J. and Rönnberg, J. and Shew, H. D. and Benson, D. M. and Kohlway, W. H. and Escanferla, M. E. and Cubeta, M. A.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={412–420} }
 @article{mester_lucia_frampton_hain_2016, title={Physico-Chemical Responses of Fraser Fir Induced by Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) Infestation}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/jes15-24.1}, abstractNote={The balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) (Homoptera: Adelgidae), is a major pest in Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, Christmas tree plantations in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Shortly after eclosion, A. piceae larvae insert their stylets into intercellular bark tissue to ensure a constant feeding source from cortical parenchyma cells (Balch 1952, Can. Dept. Agric. Publ. No. 867, 76 pp.). Thereafter, the developing adelgid is attached at that site for the remainder of its life (Balch and Carroll 1956, Can. Dept. Agric. Publ. No. 977, 7 pp.). Insects that use a piercing-sucking mode of feeding, such as adelgids, elicit a response similar to that of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens (Walling 2000, J. Plant Growth Regul. 19: 195–216; Bernards and Spohr 2008, Pp. 189–211, In Schaller, A. (ed.), Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory, Springer Science, Stuttgart, Germany). The synthesis of new compounds or structural barriers after herbivore-induced damage occurs, including the accumulation of proteins and secondary metabolites, are characteristics of induced defenses (Bernards and Spohr 2008). For example, the formation of cell wall modifications can be induced by wounding and herbivory (Ginzberg 2008, Pp. 131–146, In Schaller, A. (ed.), Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory, Springer Science, Stuttgart, Germany). Host resistance mechanisms include rapid accumulation of monoterpene and juvabione-related compounds, the production of secondary periderm (Mullick 1975, Can. J. Bot. 53: 2443–2457; Hain et al. 1991, Pp. 271–287, In Baranchikov, Y.N., Mattson, W.J., Hain, F.P., Payne, T.L. (eds.), Forest Insect Guilds: Patterns of}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Mester, Erin C. and Lucia, Lucian and Frampton, John and Hain, Fred P.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={94–97} }
 @article{kurt_frampton_isik_landgren_chastagner_2016, title={Variation in needle and cone characteristics and seed germination ability of Abies bornmuelleriana and Abies equi-trojani populations from Turkey}, volume={40}, DOI={10.3906/tar-1502-101}, abstractNote={Turkish fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) and Trojan fir (Abies equi-trojani (Aschers. Et Sint. Ex Boiss) Mattf.) are economically and ecologically important endemic species to Turkey. These species are also becoming increasingly popular in Europe and North America due to their suitable characteristics for use as Christmas trees coupled with their pest resistance. Provenance features, as well as needle and cone characteristics and seed germination ability, of three Turkish fir and two Trojan fir populations were studied. Provenance features (vigor score, crown score, and color) and mother tree characteristics (height class, diameter at breast height, and height) were very similar between species and among populations within species. Needles of Turkish fir were significantly (P < 0.05) longer and wider than those of Trojan fir. Turkish fir also had wider cones and a higher cone width/length ratio than Trojan fir. There were moderate, positive, and significant correlations between needle-cone characteristics and location variables (elevation, latitude, and longitude). Needle size tended to increase northwards, eastwards, and upwards along an altitudinal gradient. Cone width and the cone width/length ratio showed a weak trend of increasing northwards, while the cone width also showed a weak trend of increasing eastwards. Bract and cone length were not significantly correlated with any of the location variables. The overall mean cumulative germination percentage of Turkish fir seed (57%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of Trojan fir (36%). The natural genetic resources of both species should be conserved and managed sustainably to preserve the variation in their endemic locations because of their valuable benefits to Turkey and other countries.}, number={2}, journal={Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry}, author={Kurt, Y. and Frampton, J. and Isik, Fikret and Landgren, C. and Chastagner, G.}, year={2016}, pages={169–176} }
 @article{powers_mayfield_frampton_jetton_2015, title={Comparison of Suspended Branch and Direct Infestation Techniques for Artificially Infesting Hemlock Seedlings with the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid for Resistance Screening}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f6062066}, abstractNote={The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive forest pest in eastern North America that has caused significant decline and mortality in populations of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana Engelm.). The breeding of adelgid-resistant genotypes for reforestation activities is still in the early development phases, and most resistance screening programs have depended on labor-intensive direct artificial infestation techniques for introducing adelgids to target seedlings. We investigated the timing and effectiveness of a potentially less labor-intense suspended branch infestation technique compared to two levels of a direct infestation method. Results indicated that peak crawler emergence from adelgid infested hemlock branches occurred within a 10 to 14 day period and that crawler emergence was higher from non-hydrated compared to hydrated branches. Greater infestation pressure was achieved when using progrediens crawlers compared to sistens crawlers. In 2013, when the infestation attempts were most successful, the suspended branch technique induced the same or higher adelgid densities on target seedlings as the direct infestation techniques. Assuming an initial investment in infrastructure, the suspended branch approach could be a more time and cost effective method for inducing adelgid infestations for resistance screening of large numbers of candidate trees.}, number={6}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Powers, Zaidee L. and Mayfield, Albert E., III and Frampton, John and Jetton, Robert M.}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={2066–2081} }
 @article{frampton_isik_benson_2013, title={Genetic variation in resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in seedlings of two Turkish Abies species}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1614-2942"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-012-0529-0}, number={1}, journal={TREE GENETICS & GENOMES}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Frampton, John and Isik, Fikret and Benson, D. Michael}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={53–63} }
 @article{domec_rivera_king_peszlen_hain_smith_frampton_2013, title={Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation affects water and carbon relations of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana)}, volume={199}, ISSN={0028-646X 1469-8137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12263}, DOI={10.1111/nph.12263}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={New Phytologist}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Domec, Jean‐Christophe and Rivera, Laura N. and King, John S. and Peszlen, Ilona and Hain, Fred and Smith, Benjamin and Frampton, John}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={452–463} }
 @article{frampton_benson_2012, title={Seedling resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in the genus Abies}, volume={69}, ISSN={1286-4560 1297-966X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S13595-012-0205-4}, DOI={10.1007/S13595-012-0205-4}, abstractNote={Root rot and stem canker caused by Oomycete species belonging to the genus Phytophthora often seriously limit culture of true firs (Abies spp.) An investigation of the variation of resistance among Abies species to Phytophthor a cinnamomi was carried out to identify potential sources of resistance in the genus. Thirty-two Abies species were grown in a greenhouse for 2 and/or 3 years from seed. Seedlings were moved to an outdoor lath house, inoculated with rice grains colonized with P. cinnamomi, and subsequent mortality was assessed biweekly for 16 weeks. Disease developed rapidly resulting in 88.1 % overall mortality 16 weeks after inoculation. Mortality was less in two of the eight taxonomic sections of the genus evaluated, Momi (0.65 ± 0.0252) and Abies (0.79 ± 0.0193). Mortality in all other sections exceeded 93 %. Final species mortality ranged from 10.6 % (Abies firma) to 100.0 % (several species). Although several caveats apply, results have identified potential sources of Abies to be used as (1) resistant planting stock, (2) grafting rootstock, and (3) parents in hybridization/backcrossing programs in order to mitigate losses caused by P. cinnamomi.}, number={7}, journal={Annals of Forest Science}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Frampton, John and Benson, D. Michael}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={805–812} }
 @article{hibbert-frey_frampton_blazich_hundley_hinesley_2011, title={Grafting fraser fir (Abies fraseri): Effect of scion origin (crown position and branch order)}, volume={46}, number={1}, journal={HortScience}, author={Hibbert-Frey, H. and Frampton, J. and Blazich, F. A. and Hundley, D. and Hinesley, L. E.}, year={2011}, pages={91–94} }
 @article{newton_frampton_monahan_goldfarb_hain_2011, title={Two novel techniques to screen Abies seedlings for resistance to the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae}, volume={11}, journal={Journal of Insect Science (Tucson, AZ)}, author={Newton, L. and Frampton, J. and Monahan, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Hain, F.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{potter_jetton_dvorak_frampton_rhea_2010, title={Ex situ seed collection represents genetic variation present in natural stands of Carolina hemlock}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States}, author={Potter, K.M. and Jetton, R.M. and Dvorak, W.S. and Frampton, J. and Rhea, J.}, year={2010}, pages={181–190} }
 @article{hibbert-frey_frampton_blazich_hinesley_2010, title={Grafting Fraser fir (Abies fraseri): Effect of grafting date, shade, and irrigation}, volume={45}, number={4}, journal={HortScience}, author={Hibbert-Frey, H. and Frampton, J. and Blazich, F. A. and Hinesley, L. E.}, year={2010}, pages={617–620} }
 @article{kim_newton_frampton_han_2009, title={Embryogenic tissue initiation and somatic embryogenesis in Fraser fir (Abies fraseir [Pursh] Poir.)}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1475-2689"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11627-008-9169-3}, number={4}, journal={IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT}, author={Kim, Y. W. and Newton, R. and Frampton, J. and Han, K. -H.}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={400–406} }
 @article{potter_frampton_josserand_dana nelson_2009, title={Evolutionary history of two endemic Appalachian conifers revealed using microsatellite markers}, volume={11}, ISSN={1566-0621 1572-9737}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-9980-3}, DOI={10.1007/s10592-009-9980-3}, abstractNote={Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) and intermediate fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill. var. phanerolepis Fern.) exist in small populations in the Appalachian highlands of the southeastern United States. We used ten nuclear microsatellite markers to quantify genetic variation within Fraser fir and intermediate fir, and to examine their evolutionary relationships with the widespread balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.). We found little genetic differentiation among these taxa, suggesting that Fraser fir might best be classified as a variety of balsam fir. The results further appear to reject the hypothesis that intermediate fir was of hybrid origin between two comparatively distantly related species. Low levels of genetic diversity suggest that intermediate fir and Fraser fir have undergone at least some genetic degradation since post-Pleistocene isolation. The results may prove important for in situ and ex situ gene conservation efforts for Fraser fir and intermediate fir, which are imperiled by an exotic insect and by global climate change.}, number={4}, journal={Conservation Genetics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Frampton, John and Josserand, Sedley A. and Dana Nelson, C.}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={1499–1513} }
 @article{rutledge_frampton_blank_hinesley_2009, title={Naphthaleneacetic acid reduces leader growth of Fraser fir Christmas trees}, volume={44}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Rutledge, M. E. and Frampton, J. and Blank, G. and Hinesley, L. E.}, year={2009}, pages={345–348} }
 @article{whetten_valenzuela_frampton_2009, title={Polymerase chain reaction of template for massively-parallel pyrosequencing}, volume={20}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Biomolecular Techniques}, author={Whetten, R. W. and Valenzuela, S. and Frampton, I.}, year={2009}, pages={128–134} }
 @article{potter_frampton_josserand_nelson_2008, title={Genetic variation and population structure in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri): a microsatellite assessment of young trees}, volume={38}, ISSN={0045-5067 1208-6037}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X08-064}, DOI={10.1139/X08-064}, abstractNote={The island-like populations of Fraser fir ( Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) have been isolated since the end of the late-Wisconsinian glaciation on the highest peaks of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and therefore offer an opportunity to investigate the genetic dynamics of a long-fragmented forest tree species. An analysis of eight microsatellite markers isolated from Fraser fir found that the species was out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with a significant deficiency of heterozygosity and a high degree of inbreeding (FIS= 0.223) relative to other conifers, perhaps associated in part with the young life stage of the trees included in the analysis. The analysis detected a significant but small amount of genetic differentiation among Fraser fir populations (FST= 0.004) and revealed that the geographical and latitudinal distances between populations, but not population area, were significantly correlated with their pairwise genetic differences. Both gene flow and postglacial migration history may have influenced the genetic architecture of the species. The results will be useful in the genetic conservation of Fraser fir, a species experiencing severe mortality following infestation by an exotic insect.}, number={8}, journal={Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Potter, Kevin M. and Frampton, John and Josserand, Sedley A. and Nelson, C. Dana}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={2128–2137} }
 @article{emerson_frampton_mckeand_2008, title={Genetic variation in early growth and bud production among natural populations of fraser fir}, volume={43}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Emerson, J. L. and Frampton, J. and McKeand, S. E.}, year={2008}, pages={661–666} }
 @article{jetton_hain_dvorak_frampton_2008, title={Infestation Rate of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Among Three North American Hemlock (Tsuga) Species Following Artificial Inoculation}, volume={43}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-43.4.438}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Jetton, Robert M. and Hain, Fred P. and Dvorak, William S. and Frampton, John}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={438–442} }
 @article{furiness_frampton_2008, title={Preliminary findings: analysis of carbon storage in Fraser fir plantations}, volume={35}, number={1}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Furiness, C. and Frampton, J.}, year={2008}, pages={22} }
 @article{rutledge_frampton_hinesley_blank_2008, title={Top-stop nipper reduces leader growth in fraser fir Christmas trees}, volume={18}, number={2}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Rutledge, M. E. and Frampton, J. and Hinesley, L. E. and Blank, G.}, year={2008}, pages={256–260} }
 @article{rutledge_frampton_hinesley_blank_2008, title={Using a bud volume index with the top-stop nipper to control leader growth of Fraser fir Christmas trees}, volume={18}, number={4}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Rutledge, M. E. and Frampton, J. and Hinesley, L. E. and Blank, G.}, year={2008}, pages={583–587} }
 @article{frampton_2007, title={Arboles de navidad en Carolina del Norte, EUA}, volume={1}, number={3}, journal={Boletin de Noticias Camcore para Mexico y Centroamerica}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2007}, pages={2–5} }
 @article{aspinwall_frampton_2007, title={Chemical control of leader growth: North Carolina results}, volume={51}, number={2}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Aspinwall, L. and Frampton, J.}, year={2007}, pages={20–21} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_isik_braham_2007, title={Genetic Variation in the Economic Value of Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas Trees in North Carolina, USA}, booktitle={Eighth International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F. and Braham, A.}, year={2007} }
 @article{lebude_goldfarb_blazich_wright_cazell_wise_frampton_2006, title={Container type and volume influences adventitious rooting and subsequent field growth of stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, volume={30}, number={3}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={LeBude, A. V. and Goldfarb, B. and Blazich, F. A. and Wright, J. A. and Cazell, B. and Wise, F. C. and Frampton, J.}, year={2006}, pages={123–131} }
 @article{emerson_frampton_mckeand_2006, title={Genetic variation of spring frost damage in 3-year-old Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations}, volume={41}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, author={Emerson, J. L. and Frampton, J. and McKeand, S. E.}, year={2006}, pages={1531–1536} }
 @article{rosier_frampton_goldfarb_blazich_wise_2006, title={Improving the rooting capacity of stem cuttings of Virginia pine by severe stumping of parent trees}, volume={30}, number={4}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Rosier, C. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Blazich, F. A. and Wise, F. C.}, year={2006}, pages={172–181} }
 @article{josserand_potter_johnson_bowen_frampton_nelson_2006, title={Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri)}, volume={6}, ISSN={1471-8278 1471-8286}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01138.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01138.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Molecular Ecology Notes}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Josserand, S. A. and Potter, K. M. and Johnson, G. and Bowen, J. A. and Frampton, J. and Nelson, C. D.}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={65–68} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_isik_2006, title={Low input improvement of Christmas trees}, booktitle={Proceedings, IUFRO Division 2 Joint Conference : low input breeding and genetic conservation of forest tree species : 9-13 October 2006 Antalya Turkey}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F.}, year={2006}, pages={60} }
 @article{rutledge_frampton_2006, title={Nipping it in the bud: a new tool for tackling leader growth ... to the Mountinas of North Carolina}, volume={50}, number={2}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Rutledge, L. and Frampton, J.}, year={2006}, pages={21–22} }
 @article{frampton_isik_2006, title={Perspectives on Turkey}, volume={33}, number={2}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F.}, year={2006}, pages={17–19} }
 @article{isik_frampton_2006, title={Perspectives on forestry in Turkey}, volume={19}, number={1}, journal={Sylvanet}, author={Isik, F. and Frampton, J.}, year={2006}, pages={13–15} }
 @article{frampton_doubrava_2006, title={Riding high for Christmas tree research at N.C. State University}, volume={10}, number={1}, journal={Friends of the NCSU Arboretum Newsletter}, author={Frampton, J. and Doubrava, N.}, year={2006}, pages={7} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_2005, title={An ex situ gene conservation plan for Fraser fir}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 28th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Potter, K. M. and Frampton, J.}, year={2005}, pages={148–159} }
 @article{frampton_2005, title={Building a better variety of Virginia pine}, volume={49}, number={5}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2005}, pages={14–16} }
 @article{frampton_frampton_2005, title={Chestnut mast (newsletter of the Carolinas Chapter of The American Chestnut Foundation)}, volume={6}, number={1}, journal={Chestnut Mast}, author={Frampton, J. and Frampton, J.}, year={2005} }
 @article{frampton_2005, title={Exotic fir research in North Carolina}, volume={19}, number={3}, journal={Nova Scotia Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2005}, pages={5–10} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_potter_hess_2005, title={Fraser fir population size and pollen dispersal: a landscape genetics model}, booktitle={20th Annual Symposium for the US Regional Chapter of the International Association for Landscape Ecology}, author={Potter, K. M. and Frampton, J. and Potter, K. and Hess, G. R.}, year={2005} }
 @article{frampton_isik_2005, title={Genetic improvement of Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) for Christmas tree production}, volume={11}, journal={Forest Genetics}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F.}, year={2005}, pages={137–147} }
 @inproceedings{emerson_frampton_mckeand_2005, title={Genetic variation in young Fraser fir progeny tests}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 28th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Emerson, J. L. and Frampton, L. J. and McKeand, S. E.}, year={2005}, pages={115–117} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_sidebottom_2005, title={Impacts of balsam woolly adelgid on the Southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem and the North Carolina Christmas Tree Industry}, booktitle={Third Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States, February 1-3, 2005, Renaissance Asheville Hotel, Asheville, North Carolina}, publisher={USFS Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team}, author={Potter, K. and Frampton, J. and Sidebottom, J.}, year={2005}, pages={25–41} }
 @article{lebude_goldfarb_blazich_frampton_wise_2005, title={Mist level influences vapor pressure deficit and gas exchange during rooting of juvenile stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, volume={40}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={LeBude, A. V. and Goldfarb, B. and Blazich, F. A. and Frampton, J. and Wise, F. C.}, year={2005}, pages={1448–1456} }
 @article{frampton_2005, title={My trip to Germany}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2005}, pages={7–9} }
 @article{balakshin_capanema_goldfarb_frampton_kadla_2005, title={NMR studies on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Lignins (vol 59, 488, 2005)}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1437-434X"]}, DOI={10.1515/hf.2005.112}, abstractNote={Abstracting & Indexing}, number={6}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Balakshin, MY and Capanema, EA and Goldfarb, B and Frampton, J and Kadla, JF}, year={2005}, pages={706–706} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_benson_li_brahan_hudson_potter_2005, title={Seedling resistance to Phytophthora cinammomi in the Genus Abies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 28th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Frampton, J. and Benson, D. M. and Li, J. and Brahan, A. M. and Hudson, E. E. and Potter, K. M.}, year={2005}, pages={146–147} }
 @article{rosier_frampton_goldfarb_wise_blazich_2005, title={Stumping height, crown position, and age of parent tree influence rooting of stem cuttings of fraser fir}, volume={40}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Rosier, C. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Wise, F. C. and Blazich, F. A.}, year={2005}, pages={771–777} }
 @article{jetton_frampton_hain_2005, title={Vegetative propagation of mature eastern and Carolina hemlocks by rooted softwood cuttings}, volume={40}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Jetton, R. M. and Frampton, J. and Hain, F. P.}, year={2005}, pages={1469–1473} }
 @inproceedings{isik_li_goldfarb_frampton_mckeand_2004, title={Cloned genotypes are more efficient than seedlings for indirect selection}, booktitle={Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future,  IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B. and Frampton, J. and McKeand, S.}, editor={Li, B. and McKeand, S.Editors}, year={2004}, pages={465} }
 @article{isik_li_goldfarb_frampton_mckeand_2004, title={Efficiency of clones versus seedlings for correlated response of wood density}, journal={IEG-40 Meeting}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B. and Frampton, J. and McKeand, S.}, year={2004} }
 @article{isik_li_frampton_goldfarb_2004, title={Efficiency of seedlings and rooted cuttings for testing and selection in Pinus taeda}, volume={50}, number={1}, journal={Forest Science}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2004}, pages={44–53} }
 @article{frampton_2004, title={Exotic fir research in North Carolina}, volume={14}, number={2}, journal={Exotic Conifer News}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2004}, pages={5–8} }
 @misc{frampton_2004, title={FOR 490/601/801 NR 601 Class Web site}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2004} }
 @article{frampton_isik_2004, title={Genetic improvement of Pinus virginiana Mill. for Christmas tree production}, volume={11}, ISBN={1335-048x}, number={2}, journal={Forest Genetics}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F.}, year={2004}, pages={139} }
 @article{rosier_frampton_goldfarb_wise_blazich_2004, title={Growth stage, auxin type, and concentration influence rooting Virginia pine stem cuttings}, volume={39}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, author={Rosier, C. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Wise, F. C. and Blazich, F. A.}, year={2004}, pages={1392–1396} }
 @article{lebude_goldfarb_blazich_wise_frampton_2004, title={Mist, substrate water potential and cutting water potential influence rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1758-4469"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/24.7.823}, abstractNote={We investigated the influence of cutting water potential (Psicut) on rooting of juvenile hardwood (dormant) and softwood (succulent) stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) propagated under varying substrate water potentials (Psisub) and volumes of mist application. Mist treatment and Psisub contributed to the Psicut of unrooted stem cuttings. When Psisub was held constant across mist treatments, mist treatment contributed strongly to Psicut. Substrate water potential affected rooting percentage when mist treatment was sub-optimal or excessive, otherwise mist treatment had a stronger effect than Psisub on rooting percentage. Cuttings rooted best when subjected to moderate cutting water potentials (-0.5 to -1.2 MPa) during the initial 4 or 5 weeks of the rooting period. Cuttings experiencing either severe water deficit or no water deficit rooted poorly. We conclude that the rooting environment should impose a moderate water stress on loblolly pine stem cuttings to achieve optimum rooting.}, number={7}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Lebude, AV and Goldfarb, B and Blazich, FA and Wise, FC and Frampton, J}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={823–831} }
 @article{frampton_benson_2004, title={Phytophthora root rot mortality in fraser fir seedlings}, volume={39}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Frampton, J. and Benson, D. M.}, year={2004}, pages={1025–1026} }
 @inproceedings{proceedings of the 6th international christmas tree research & extension conference: september 14-19, 2003, kanuga conference center, herdersonville, nc_2004, booktitle={Conference Proceedings}, year={2004} }
 @article{frampton_owen_hazel_braham_li_2004, title={The 2003 Fraser fir freshness survey}, volume={31}, number={3}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J. and Owen, J. and Hazel, D. and Braham, A. M. and Li, J.}, year={2004}, pages={16–21} }
 @article{frampton_2003, title={Book review: Mount Mitchell & the Black Mountains by Timothy Silver}, volume={5}, number={2}, journal={Chestnut Mast}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={4–5} }
 @article{frampton_frampton_2003, title={Chestnut mast (newsletter of the Carolinas Chapter of The American Chestnut Foundation)}, volume={5}, number={2}, journal={Chestnut Mast}, author={Frampton, J. and Frampton, J.}, year={2003} }
 @article{isik_li_frampton_2003, title={Estimates of additive, dominance and epistatic genetic variances from a clonally replicated test of loblolly pine}, volume={49}, number={1}, journal={Forest Science}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. L. and Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={77–88} }
 @article{potter_frampton_2003, title={Fraser fir: a 'natural' Christmas tree threatened in its native stands}, volume={47}, number={5}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Potter, K. and Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={22–28} }
 @article{frampton_isik_rosier_2003, title={Genetic improvement of virginia pine for christmas tree production}, volume={27}, journal={Proc. 27th Biennial Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F. and Rosier, C.}, year={2003}, pages={31} }
 @inproceedings{potter_frampton_2003, title={Genetic variation in Fraser fir mortality due to Phytophthora root rot}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, publisher={Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University- Stillwater}, author={Potter, K. M. and Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={72–74} }
 @inproceedings{rosier_frampton_2003, title={Improving the rooting ability of stem cuttings from Virginia pine and Fraser fir Christmas trees by stumping}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, publisher={Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University- Stillwater}, author={Rosier, C. and Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={197–200} }
 @article{frampton_2003, title={International Christmas Tree Research and Extension Conference}, volume={17}, number={1}, journal={Sylvanet}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2003}, pages={12–14} }
 @article{lebude_blazich_goldfarb_frampton_wise_2003, title={Mist, soil water potential, and cutting water potential influence rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, ISBN={["90-6605-439-5"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.15}, number={618}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND HORTICULTURE CROPS}, author={LeBude, AV and Blazich, FA and Goldfarb, B and Frampton, LJ and Wise, FC}, year={2003}, pages={147–151} }
 @article{frampton_2002, title={Christmas tree production in Western Australia}, volume={46}, number={2}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2002}, pages={6–9} }
 @article{frampton_2002, title={Developing firs adapted to North Carolina: a research overview}, volume={19}, number={2}, journal={Conifer Quarterly}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2002}, pages={78–79} }
 @article{frampton_isik_goldfarb_2002, title={Effects of nursery characteristics on field survival and growth of loblolly pine rooted cuttings}, volume={26}, number={4}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2002}, pages={207–213} }
 @article{knoth_frampton_moody_2002, title={Genetic improvement of Virginia pine planting stock for Christmas tree production in South Carolina}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1943-7714"]}, DOI={10.21273/horttech.12.4.675}, abstractNote={Twenty open-pollinated families from a virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) seed orchard in South Carolina were planted and managed as Christmas trees at three sites. Retail value and related traits were assessed once the tests reached marketable size (4 years in the field). All traits assessed (except survival) proved to 1) be under a moderate degree of genetic control (family mean heritability = 0.68 for retail value) and 2) have a large range among open-pollinated family means ($11.42/tree to $22.00/tree, retail value) suggesting that they will response well to the traditional tree improvement approach of selection, breeding and testing. The retail value of the best five families tested averaged an increase of $3.47/tree or 20.7% more than the average. At a 6 × 6 ft (1.8 m) spacing [1,210 trees/acre (2,990 trees/ha)], these families would produce an increase in revenue of almost $4,200/acre ($10,387/ha). Much of this increase in value is a result of reducing the cull rate from 14.5% to 8.1%. Survival, height, crown density and straightness of these five families also exceeded the average of the 20 families tested.}, number={4}, journal={HORTTECHNOLOGY}, author={Knoth, J and Frampton, J and Moody, R}, year={2002}, pages={675–678} }
 @article{hinesley_frampton_2002, title={Grafting Fraser fir onto rootstocks of selected Abies species}, volume={37}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Hinesley, E. and Frampton, J.}, year={2002}, pages={815–818} }
 @article{isik_li_frampton_goldfarb_2002, title={Seedling vs clonal testing options for loblolly pine}, journal={Proc. of Silviculture and Genetic Impact on productivity of southern pine forests. IEG-40 Meeting}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, G.}, year={2002} }
 @article{frampton_mckinney_2002, title={The North Carolina Premium Fraser Fir Seed Cooperative}, volume={29}, number={2}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J. and McKinney, D.}, year={2002}, pages={10–13} }
 @inproceedings{isik_li_frampton_2001, title={Comparison of genetic variances estimated from seedlings and rooted cuttings of the same families of Loblolly pine}, volume={26}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th Biennial Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, publisher={Athens, GA : Georgia Center for Continuing Education, the University of Georgia}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Frampton, J.}, year={2001}, pages={143–146} }
 @inproceedings{gocke_goldfarb_robison_frampton_2001, title={Effects of three propagation systems on survival and growth of loblolly pine and sweetgum rooted cuttings}, volume={26}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th Biennial Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference (June 26-29, 2001)}, publisher={Athens, GA : Georgia Center for Continuing Education, the University of Georgia}, author={Gocke, M. and Goldfarb, B. and Robison, D. and Frampton, J.}, year={2001}, pages={29–32} }
 @article{frampton_2001, title={Genetic improvement of Christmas trees}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2001}, pages={16–21} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_2001, title={North Carolina's Christmas tree genetics program}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2001}, pages={94–100} }
 @article{frampton_2001, title={Phytophthora diseases in forests}, volume={28}, number={4}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2001}, pages={17–20} }
 @article{highsmith_frampton_d o'malley_richmond_webb_2001, title={Susceptibility of parent and interspecific F1 hybrid pine trees to tip moth damage in a coastal North Carolina planting}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0045-5067"]}, DOI={10.1139/cjfr-31-5-919}, number={5}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE}, author={Highsmith, MT and Frampton, J and D O'Malley and Richmond, J and Webb, M}, year={2001}, month={May}, pages={919–923} }
 @article{frampton_2000, title={Alternative fir species field trial series}, volume={27}, number={1}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2000}, pages={6–7} }
 @article{frampton_li_goldfarb_2000, title={Early field growth of loblolly pine rooted cuttings and seedlings}, volume={24}, number={2}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Frampton, J. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2000}, pages={98–105} }
 @article{frampton_2000, title={Fir species of the world}, volume={17}, journal={Bulletin for American Conifer Society Bulletin}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2000}, pages={152–155} }
 @article{mckinley_frampton_2000, title={The Danish Christmas industry: implications for the U.S. in production and marketing of real trees.}, number={2000}, journal={Proceedings of the ... Society of American Foresters National Convention}, author={McKinley, C. R. and Frampton, L. J.}, year={2000}, pages={175–179} }
 @article{frampton_2000, title={The Fraser fir progeny test series}, volume={27}, number={3}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2000}, pages={8–10} }
 @article{frampton_2000, title={Virginia pine progeny test series}, volume={9}, number={3}, journal={Pine Tips: Newsletter of the Eastern NC Christmas Tree Growers Association}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={2000}, pages={7} }
 @article{frampton_mckinley_1999, title={Christmas trees and greenery in Denmark - production and tree improvement}, volume={43}, number={2}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Frampton, J. and McKinley, C.}, year={1999}, pages={4–11} }
 @article{frampton_1999, title={Evaluating alternative fir species for Phytophthora resistance}, volume={26}, number={4}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1999}, pages={7–10} }
 @article{nursery rooting and growth of loblolly pine cuttings: effects of rooting solution and full-sib family_1999, volume={23}, number={2}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, year={1999}, pages={108–116} }
 @article{anderson_frampton_weir_1999, title={Shoot produciton and rooting ability of cuttings from juvenile greenhouse loblolly pine hedges}, volume={92}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science}, author={Anderson, A. B. and Frampton, L. J. and Weir, R. J.}, year={1999}, pages={1–14} }
 @article{frampton_1998, title={1998 Fraser fir control pollinations}, volume={25}, number={3}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1998}, pages={8–9} }
 @article{frampton_1998, title={Appendix - Fraser fir catalyst growth test}, volume={26}, number={2}, journal={Christmas Trees}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1998}, pages={46–47} }
 @misc{frampton_1998, title={Christmas Tree Genetics web site}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1998} }
 @article{frampton_1998, title={Fir species of the world}, volume={25}, number={1}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1998}, pages={8–28} }
 @article{frampton_1998, title={Fraser fir cone collection and seed processing}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1998} }
 @article{frampton_sidebottom_1998, title={Resistance in fir species to Phytophthora root rot}, journal={American Christmas Tree Journal}, author={Frampton, J. and Sidebottom, J. R.}, year={1998} }
 @article{frampton_amerson_leach_1998, title={Tissue culture method affects ex vitro growth and development of loblolly pine}, volume={16}, number={2}, journal={New Forests}, author={Frampton, L. J. and Amerson, H. V. and Leach, G. N.}, year={1998}, pages={125–138} }
 @article{frampton_mckinley_1997, title={Clonal Christmas trees}, volume={25}, number={1}, journal={Christmas Trees}, author={Frampton, J. and McKinley, C.}, year={1997}, pages={18–20} }
 @article{frampton_1997, title={Control-pollination of Fraser fir}, volume={24}, number={2}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1997}, pages={10–15} }
 @book{mckinley_frampton_hinesley_1997, title={Drying rates for Eastern Christmas tree species}, journal={NCSU Christmas Tree Research Note 001}, author={McKinley, C. R. and Frampton, J. and Hinesley, E.}, year={1997} }
 @article{benson_hinesley_frampton_parker_1997, title={Evaluation of six Abies spp. to Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi}, volume={13}, journal={Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases}, author={Benson, D. M. and Hinesley, L. E. and Frampton, J. and Parker, K. C.}, year={1997}, pages={57} }
 @article{frampton_1997, title={Geographic variation in Fraser fir}, volume={24}, number={1}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1997}, pages={6–13} }
 @article{frampton_1997, title={Relationship among the Appalachian firs}, volume={24}, number={1}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1997}, pages={10–14} }
 @article{frampton_1996, title={The tree improvement process}, volume={23}, number={4}, journal={Limbs & Needles}, author={Frampton, J.}, year={1996}, pages={10–14} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_huber_1995, title={Clonal variation in four-year-old lobloly pine in coastal North Carolina}, booktitle={Proceedings, 23rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference, June 20-22, 1995, Asheville, North Carolina}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Huber, D. A.}, year={1995} }
 @book{frampton_1994, title={Field performance of loblolly and slash pine vegetative propagules (General Technical Report SO-108)}, journal={Applications of vegetative propagation in forestry : proceedings of the Southern Regional Information Exchange Group Biennial Symposium on Forest Genetics, [held in Huntsville, Alabama, USA on July 8-10, 1992]}, institution={USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr.}, editor={G. Foster and Diner, A. M.Editors}, year={1994}, pages={155–121} }
 @article{hu_amerson_frampton_1994, title={Isolation and growth of single genotype axenic cultures of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme using hyphal fragments from multi-genotype stock colonies}, volume={8}, number={4}, journal={New Forests}, author={Hu, A. and Amerson, H. V. and Frampton, L. J., Jr.}, year={1994}, pages={299–308} }
 @inbook{frampton_foster_1993, title={Field testing vegetative propagules}, ISBN={3540525017}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-84175-0_9}, booktitle={Clonal forestry I: genetics and biotechnology}, publisher={New York: Springer Verlag}, author={Frampton, L. J. and Foster, G. S.}, editor={M. R. Ahuja and Libby, W. J.Editors}, year={1993}, pages={110–1349} }
 @article{anderson_frampton_mckeand_hodges_1992, title={TISSUE-CULTURE SHOOT AND ROOT-SYSTEM EFFECTS ON FIELD PERFORMANCE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0045-5067"]}, DOI={10.1139/x92-007}, abstractNote={ To study differences in growth between loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) tissue-culture plantlets and seedlings, shoot systems of plantlets and seedlings were grafted onto plantlet and seedling root systems. After three growing seasons, plantlet root systems accounted for 0.3 m of height growth loss and 1.0 cm of loss in basal diameter, while plantlet shoot systems accounted for 0.6 m of height growth loss and 1.4 cm of loss in basal diameter. The mature-appearing morphology of plantlet shoots was due to the shoot system of plantlets and not to the indirect effect of the plantlet root system. }, number={1}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE}, author={ANDERSON, AB and FRAMPTON, LJ and MCKEAND, SE and HODGES, JF}, year={1992}, month={Jan}, pages={56–61} }
 @article{jett_frampton_1990, title={Effect of rehydration on in vitro germination of loblolly pine pollen}, volume={14}, number={1}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Jett, J. B. and Frampton, L. J., Jr.}, year={1990}, pages={48–51} }
 @book{amerson_frampton_mott_1989, title={Annual progress reports, special project on tissue culture}, institution={Raleigh, NC: Forest Biology Research Center, North Carolina State University}, author={Amerson, H. V. and Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Mott, R. L.}, year={1989} }
 @article{frampton_jett_1989, title={JUVENILE WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY OF LOBLOLLY-PINE TISSUE-CULTURE PLANTLETS AND SEEDLINGS}, volume={19}, ISSN={["0045-5067"]}, DOI={10.1139/x89-208}, abstractNote={ Juvenile-wood specific gravity of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) tissue culture plantlets and seedlings were compared. Wood samples collected from several (6 to 13) families at three sites, each at a different age (2, 3, and 6 years), showed a significant difference between the overall plantlet and seedling mean specific gravity only in the youngest material (0.387 versus 0.356, respectively). Another collection of wood samples from three different sites at age 5 years showed that the within-site variation in specific gravity for a single clone was 29% that of the open-pollinated family from which it was derived. When tissue culture techniques become practical, operational clonal plantations of loblolly pine should offer substantial improvement in the uniformity of wood produced relative to the heterogeneous seedling-origin plantations currently being established. }, number={10}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE}, author={FRAMPTON, LJ and JETT, JB}, year={1989}, month={Oct}, pages={1347–1350} }
 @article{frampton_hodges_1989, title={Nursery rooting of cuttings from seedlings of slash and loblolly pine}, volume={13}, number={3}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Hodges, J. F.}, year={1989}, pages={127} }
 @book{frampton_anderson_1988, title={Effect of light level on the production and rooting of shoots from hedged loblolly pine seedlings}, volume={43}, journal={North Carolina State University Phytotron Report}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Anderson, A. B.}, year={1988}, pages={37} }
 @book{frampton_anderson_1988, title={Serial rooting and maturation in loblolly pine}, volume={51}, journal={North Carolina State University Phytotron Report}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Anderson, A. B.}, year={1988}, pages={44} }
 @article{amerson_frampton_mott_spaine_1988, title={Tissue culture of conifers using loblolly pine as a model}, ISBN={0306428156}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4613-1661-9_7}, journal={Genetic manipulation of woody plants}, publisher={New York: Plenum}, author={Amerson, H. V. and Frampton, L. J. and Mott, R. L. and Spaine, P. C.}, editor={J. W. Hanover and Keathley, D. E.Editors}, year={1988}, pages={117–137} }
 @book{frampton_mckeand_1987, title={Characteristics of the root and shoot systems of young loblolly pine propagules}, journal={Supplement to the 1987 Annual Progress Report}, author={Frampton, L. J. and McKeand, S. E.}, year={1987}, pages={47} }
 @article{frampton_isik_1987, title={Comparison of field growth among loblolly pine seedlings and three plant types produced in vitro}, volume={7}, journal={TAPPI Journal}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Isik, K.}, year={1987}, pages={114–120} }
 @book{frampton_1987, title={Rooting of fascicular shoots from mature loblolly pine}, volume={64}, journal={North Carolina State University Phytotron Report}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr.}, year={1987}, pages={57} }
 @book{frampton_1987, title={Status of vegetative propagation of loblolly pine}, volume={168}, journal={Genetics Shortcourse}, institution={U.S. Forest Service, Southern Region}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr.}, year={1987}, pages={162} }
 @article{wisniewski_frampton_mckeand_1986, title={Early shoot and root quality effects on nursery and field development of tissue-cultured loblolly pine}, volume={21}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Wisniewski, L. A. and Frampton, L. J., Jr. and McKeand, S. E.}, year={1986}, pages={1185–1186} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_1986, title={Field performance of loblolly pine tissue culture plantlets}, booktitle={IUFRO Conference : a joint meeting of working parties on breeding theory, progeny testing, seed orchards : conference proceedings, October 13-17, 1986, Williamsburg, Virginia.}, publisher={Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University-Industry Tree Improvement Program}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr.}, year={1986}, pages={547–553} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_amerson_gray_1985, title={Development of in vitro techniques for screening loblolly pine for fusiform rust resistance}, volume={2}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd Rusts of Hard Pines Working Party Conference (Athens, GA)}, publisher={IUFRO and Southeastern Forest Experiment Station}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Amerson, H. V. and Gray, D. J.}, editor={J. Barrows-Broaddus and Powers, H. R.Editors}, year={1985}, pages={125–140} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_mott_amerson_1985, title={Field performance of loblolly pine tissue culture plantlets}, booktitle={Proceedings of the eighteenth southern forest tree improvement conference held at Long Beach, Mississippi on May 21-23, 1985}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Mott, R. L. and Amerson, H. V.}, year={1985}, pages={136–144} }
 @inproceedings{amerson_frampton_mott_1985, title={In vitro methods for the study of fusiform rust in association with loblolly pine}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Rusts of Hard Pines Working Party Conference}, publisher={Southeastern Forest Experiment Station}, author={Amerson, H. V. and Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Mott, R. L.}, editor={J. Barrows-Broaddus and Powers, H. R.Editors}, year={1985} }
 @inbook{amerson_mckeand_e._r._weir_1985, title={Loblolly pine tissue culture: laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies}, ISBN={030641919X}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_19}, booktitle={Tissue culture in forestry and agriculture}, publisher={NY: Plenum Press}, author={Amerson, H. V. and McKeand, Frampton L. J. and E., Mott S. and R., L. and Weir, R. J.}, editor={R. R. Henke, K. W. Hughes and M. J. Constantin, A. HollaenderEditors}, year={1985}, pages={271–287} }
 @inproceedings{mckeand_j._1984, title={Performance of tissue culture plantlets of loblolly pine in vivo}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium of Recent Advances in Forest Biotechnology : June 10-13, 1984 : Grand Traverse Resort Village, Traverse City, Michigan}, publisher={Lansing, MI: Michigan Biotechnology Institute}, author={McKeand, S. E. and J., Frampton L., Jr}, editor={J. W. Hanover, D. Karnosky and Keathley, D.Editors}, year={1984}, pages={82–91} }
 @article{frampton_rockwood_1983, title={Genetic variation in traits important for energy utilization in sand and slash pines}, volume={32}, journal={Silvae Genetica}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Rockwood, D. L.}, year={1983}, pages={18–23} }
 @inproceedings{frampton_amerson_weir_1983, title={Potential of in vitro screening of loblolly pine for fusiform rust resistance}, booktitle={Proceedings of the seventeenth southern forest tree improvement conference , June 7-9, 1983.}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Amerson, H. V. and Weir, R. J.}, year={1983}, pages={325–331} }
 @article{frampton_roeder_rockwood_hollis_1982, title={Genetic variation in Choctawhatchee sand pine pollen shed and viability}, volume={6}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Frampton, L. J., Jr. and Roeder, K. R. and Rockwood, D. L. and Hollis, C. A., III}, year={1982}, pages={225–228} }
 @inproceedings{rockwood_frampton_1979, title={Genetic variation in sand and slash pines for energy production in silvicultural biomass plantations}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 15th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Rockwood, D. L. and Frampton, L. J., Jr.}, year={1979}, pages={156–165} }