Chris Frey
variability, uncertainty, emissions, air pollution, air quality, exposure, risk, transportation, vehicle, energy, power generation
Dr. Frey's interests are broadly in energy and environmental systems, including: modeling and evaluation of advanced energy conversion (e.g.,combustion, gasification) and environmental control systems; measurement and modeling of real-world fuel use and emissions of onroad and nonroad vehicles; development and application of methods for quantification of variability and uncertainty and for sensitivity analysis in systems models; and exposure and risk analysis
Works (158)
2024 journal article
Challenges and opportunities for research supporting cumulative impact assessments at the United States environmental protection agency's office of research and development
Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 30.
Contributors: N. Tulve *, A. Geller *, S. Hagerthey *, S. Julius *, E. Lavoie*, S. Mazur*, S. Paul*, H. Frey *
2023 journal article
Contribution of Cold Starts to Real-World Trip Emissions for Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles
ATMOSPHERE, 14(1).

2023 journal article
Identifying emissions hotspots and strategies to reduce real-world fuel use and emissions for passenger rail: A spatially resolved approach
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 896.

2023 journal article
Redefining exposure science to advance research supporting cumulative impacts, environmental justice, and decision-making
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 33(6), 843–845.
Contributors: N. Tulve *, A. Guiseppi-Elie*, A. Geller *, C. Ward-Caviness *, S. Paul*, E. Lavoie*, L. Rivers *, H. Frey *

2023 journal article
Simple Diesel Train Fuel Consumption Model for Real-Time Train Applications
ENERGIES, 16(8).
Contributors: K. Ahn *, A. Aredah *, H. Rakha *, T. Wei n & H. Frey n

2022 journal article
Fuel use and emission rates reduction potential for light-duty gasoline vehicle eco-driving
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 109.

2022 journal article
Intermodal comparison of tailpipe emission rates between transit buses and private vehicles for on-road passenger transport
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 281.

2022 article
Microenvironment Tracker (MicroTrac) model to estimate time-location of individuals for air pollution exposure assessments: model evaluation using smartphone data
Breen, M. S. S., Xu, Y., Frey, H. C., Breen, M., & Isakov, V. (2022, December 16). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol. 12.

2021 journal article
Characterizing Fuel Use and Emission Hotspots for a Diesel-Operated Passenger Rail Service
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 55(15), 10633–10644.
Contributors: N. Rastogi n & H. Frey n

2021 journal article
Combined effects of increased O-3 and reduced NO2 concentrations on short-term air pollution health risks in Hong Kong
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, 270.
Contributors: M. Hossain n, H. Frey n, P. Louie * & A. Lau *

2021 journal article
Factors affecting variability in gaseous and particle microenvironmental air pollutant concentrations in Hong Kong primary and secondary schools
INDOOR AIR, 31(1), 170–187.

2021 journal article
Factors affecting variability in infiltration of ambient particle and gaseous pollutants into home at urban environment
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, 206.
Contributors: M. Hossain n, W. Che *, H. Frey n & A. Lau *

2021 journal article
Multi-scale evaluation of diesel commuter rail fuel use, emissions, and eco-driving
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 99.

2021 journal article
Real-world activity, fuel use, and emissions of heavy-duty compressed natural gas refuse trucks
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 761.
Contributors: G. Sandhu, H. Frey n, S. Bartelt-Hunt * & E. Jones *

2021 article
Sensitivity of light duty vehicle tailpipe emission rates from simplified portable emission measurement systems to variation in engine volumetric efficiency
Wei, T., & Frey, H. C. (2021, June 10). JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, Vol. 6.

2020 journal article
Evaluation of the Precision and Accuracy of Cycle-Average Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles Tailpipe Emission Rates Predicted by Modal Models
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2674(7), 566–584.

2020 journal article
Factors affecting variability in fossil-fueled transit bus emission rates
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 233.

2020 journal article
Geospatial Variation of Real-World Tailpipe Emission Rates for Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Environmental Science & Technology, 54(14), 8968–8979.
Contributors: T. Khan n , H. Frey n, N. Rastogi n & T. Wei n

2020 journal article
PRAISE -HK: A personalized real-time air quality informatics system for citizen participation in exposure and health risk management
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY, 54.

2020 journal article
Potential for metro rail energy savings and emissions reduction via eco-driving
APPLIED ENERGY, 268.

2020 journal article
Quantification of Sources of Variability of Air Pollutant Exposure Concentrations Among Selected Transportation Microenvironments
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2674(9), 395–411.

2020 journal article
The need for a tighter particulate-matter air-quality standard
New England Journal of Medicine, 383(7), 680–683.
Contributors: H. Frey n, P. Adams n, J. Adgate n, G. Allen n, J. Balmes n, K. Boyle n, J. Chow n, D. Dockery n
2020 journal article
Variability in Measured Real-World Operational Energy Use and Emission Rates of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Energies.
Contributors: H. Frey n, X. Zheng n & J. Hu n

2019 journal article
Air Pollution at College Football Games: Developing a Methodology for Measuring Air Pollutant Exposure in a Sport Event Microenvironment
Event Management, 23(3), 399–412.

2019 journal article
Comparison of real-world vehicle fuel use and tailpipe emissions for gasoline-ethanol fuel blends
FUEL, 249, 352–364.
Contributors: W. Yuan n , H. Frey n, T. Wei n, N. Rastogi n, S. VanderGriend*, D. Miller *, L. Mattison*
2019 journal article
Effect of Air-Conditioning on Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles Fuel Economy
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2673(5), 131–141.

2019 journal article
Indoor Exposure to Ambient Particles and Its Estimation Using Fixed Site Monitors
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 53(2), 808–819.

2019 journal article
Quantification of Energy Saving Potential for A Passenger Train Based on Inter-Run Variability in Speed Trajectories
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2673(5), 153–165.
Contributors: W. Yuan n , H. Frey n & N. Rastogi n

2018 journal article
A review of factors impacting exposure to PM2.5, ultrafine particles and black carbon in Asian transport microenvironments
Atmospheric Environment, 187, 301–316.
Contributors: P. Kumar *, A. Patton *, J. Durant * & H. Frey n

2018 journal article
Comparison of real-world and certification emission rates for light duty gasoline vehicles
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 622, 790–800.

2018 journal article
Dynamics of coarse and fine particle exposure in transport microenvironments
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, 1(1).
Contributors: P. Kumar *, I. Rivas *, A. Singh *, V. Ganesh*, M. Ananya* & H. Frey n

2018 journal article
Effect of Light Duty Vehicle Performance on a Driving Style Metric
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2672(25), 67–78.
Contributors: S. Tanvir n, H. Frey n & N. Rouphail n

2018 journal article
Factors affecting variability in PM 2.5 exposure concentrations in a metro system
Environmental Research, 160, 20–26.

2018 journal article
Real-world fuel use and gaseous emission rates for flex fuel vehicles operated on E85 versus gasoline
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 68(3), 235–254.
Contributors: M. Delavarrafiee n & H. Frey n
2018 journal article
Trends in on-road transportation, energy, and emissions
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 68(10), 1015–1024.
Contributors: S. Altshuler*, A. Ayala *, S. Collet*, J. Chow*, H. Frey n, R. Shaikh *, E. Stevenson*, M. Walsh, J. Watson *

2018 review
Trends in onroad transportation energy and emissions
[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 68(6), 514–563.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2017 journal article
Characterization of PM2.5 exposure concentration in transport microenvironments using portable monitors
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, 228, 433–442.

2017 journal article
Real-World Freeway and Ramp Activity and Emissions for Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2627(2627), 17–25.
Contributors: H. Frey n, M. Delavarrafiee n & S. Singh n

2016 journal article
Comparison of Vehicle-Specific Fuel Use and Emissions Models Based on Externally and Internally Observable Activity Data
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2570(2570), 30–38.
Contributors: J. Hu n, H. Frey & S. Washburn *

2016 article
Dose-Response Models are Conditional on Determination of Causality
Frey, H. C. (2016, September). RISK ANALYSIS, Vol. 36, pp. 1751–1754.
Contributors: H. Frey

2016 journal article
Effect of Biodiesel Fuels on Real-World Emissions of Passenger Locomotives
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 50(21), 12030–12039.
2016 journal article
Evaluation of Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Rated Fuel Economy Based on In-Use Measurements
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2570(2570), 21–29.

2016 journal article
Highway Vehicle Emissions Avoided by Diesel Passenger Rail Service Based on Real-World Data
Urban Rail Transit, 2(3-4), 153–171.
Contributors: B. Graver n & H. Frey n

2016 journal article
Real-world activity, fuel use, and emissions of diesel side-loader refuse trucks
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 129, 98–104.
Contributors: G. Sandhu n, H. Frey n, S. Bartelt-Hunt * & E. Jones *

2016 journal article
Sequential Measurement of Intermodal Variability in Public Transportation PM2.5 and CO Exposure Concentrations
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 50(16), 8760–8769.
Contributors: W. Che, H. Frey n & A. Lau

2015 journal article
Comparison of Over-the-Rail and Rail Yard Measurements of Diesel Locomotives
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 49(21), 13031–13039.

2015 journal article
Comparison of Sources of Variability in School Age Children Exposure to Ambient PM2.5
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 49(3), 1511–1520.

2015 journal article
In-use activity, fuel use, and emissions of heavy-duty diesel roll-off refuse trucks
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 65(3), 306–323.
Contributors: G. Sandhu n, H. Christopher Frey n, S. Bartelt-Hunt * & E. Jones *

2015 journal article
Integrating a simplified emission estimation model and mesoscopic dynamic traffic simulator to efficiently evaluate emission impacts of traffic management strategies
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 37, 123–136.
Contributors: X. Zhou*, S. Tanvir n, H. Lei*, J. Taylor *, B. Liu n, N. Rouphail n , H. Frey n

2015 journal article
Measurement and Evaluation of Real-World Speed and Acceleration Activity Envelopes for Light-Duty Vehicles
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, 2503(2503), 128–136.

2015 journal article
Simplified method for comparing emissions in roundabouts and at signalized intersections
Transportation Research Record, 2517(2517), 48–60.
Contributors: K. Salamati*, N. Rouphail* , H. Frey n, B. Liu n & B. Schroeder*
2015 journal article
Variability in Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Emission Factors from Trip-Based Real-World Measurements
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 49(20), 12525–12534.

2014 journal article
Application of AIMSUN microsimulation model to estimate emissions on signalized arterial corridors
Transportation Research Record, 2428(2428), 75–86.
Contributors: A. Anya*, N. Rouphail* , H. Frey n & B. Schroeder n

2014 journal article
Assessment of the Effect of Population and Diary Sampling Methods on Estimation of School-Age Children Exposure to Fine Particles
RISK ANALYSIS, 34(12), 2066–2079.

2014 journal article
Comparison of Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide Exposure Concentrations for Selected Transportation Modes
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2428), 54–62.

2014 journal article
In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of front-loader refuse trucks
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 92, 557–565.
Contributors: G. Sandhu n, H. Frey n, S. Bartelt-Hunt * & E. Jones *

2014 journal article
Method for Modeling Driving Cycles, Fuel Use, and Emissions for Over Snow Vehicles
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 48(14), 8258–8265.
Contributors: J. Hu n, H. Frey n, G. Sandhu n, B. Graver n, G. Bishop *, B. Schuchmann*, J. Ray*

2014 journal article
Road grade quantification based on global positioning system data obtained from real-world vehicle fuel use and emissions measurements
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 85, 179–186.
Contributors: B. Yazdani Boroujeni n & H. Frey n

2013 journal article
Comparing exposure metrics for the effects of fine particulate matter on emergency hospital admissions
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 23(6), 627–636.
Contributors: E. Mannshardt n, K. Sucic n, W. Jiao n, F. Dominici *, H. Frey n, B. Reich n , M. Fuentes n

2013 journal article
Comparison of Locomotive Emissions Measured During Dynamometer Versus Rail Yard Engine Load Tests
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2341), 23–33.

2013 journal article
Effects of errors on vehicle emission rates from portable emissions measurement systems
Transportation Research Record, (2340), 10–19.

2013 journal article
Emissions estimation at multilane roundabouts
Transportation Research Record, (2389), 12–21.
Contributors: K. Salamati n, M. Coelho *, P. Fernandes *, N. Rouphail n , H. Frey n & J. Bandeira *

2013 journal article
Engine and Duty Cycle Variability in Diesel Construction Equipment Emissions
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, 139(2), 261–268.
Contributors: S. Abolhasani

2013 journal article
Method for Measuring the Ratio of In-Vehicle to Near-Vehicle Exposure Concentrations of Airborne Fine Particles
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2341), 34–42.

2013 journal article
Road Grade Measurement Using In-Vehicle, Stand-Alone GPS with Barometric Altimeter
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE, 139(6), 605–611.
Contributors: B. Boroujeni n, H. Frey n & G. Sandhu n

2012 journal article
Assessment of Inter-Individual, Geographic, and Seasonal Variability in Estimated Human Exposure to Fine Particles
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 46(22), 12519–12526.
Contributors: W. Jiao n

2012 journal article
Effects of Engine Idling on National Ambient Air Quality Standards Criteria Pollutant Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2270), 67–75.
Contributors: P. Lewis*, W. Rasdorf n, H. Frey n & M. Leming n

2012 journal article
Evaluation of On-Site Fuel Use and Emissions over the Duration of a Commercial Building Project
JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS, 18(2), 119–129.
Contributors: W. Rasdorf n

2012 journal article
Evaluation of representativeness of site-specific fuel-based vehicle emission factors for route average emissions
Environmental Science and Technology, 46(12), 6867–6873.
Contributors: T. Lee *

2012 journal article
Methodology for Estimating Emissions Inventories for Commercial Building Projects
Journal of Architectural Engineering, 18(3), 251–260.
Contributors: S. Marshall n

2012 journal article
Modeling of Human Exposure to In-Vehicle PM2.5 from Environmental Tobacco Smoke
HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, 18(3), 608–626.
Contributors: Y. Cao n & H. Frey

2012 journal article
Portable Emission Measurement System for Emissions of Passenger Rail Locomotives
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2289), 56–63.
Contributors: H. Frey n
2012 journal article
Real-world measurement and evaluation of duty cycles, fuels, and emission control technologies of heavy-duty trucks
Transportation Research Record, (2270), 180–187.
2012 chapter
Techno-economic analysis of combined cycle systems
In Combined Cycle Systems for Near-Zero Emission Power Generation (pp. 306–328).
Contributors: H. Frey & Y. Zhu
2012 journal article
Time series analysis of personal exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality using an exposure simulator
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 22(5), 483–488.
Contributors: H. Chang *

2011 journal article
Assessing Effects of Operational Efficiency on Pollutant Emissions of Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2233), 11–18.
Contributors: P. Lewis*

2011 journal article
Assessment of Interindividual and Geographic Variability in Human Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Risk Analysis, 31(4), 578–591.
Contributors: Y. Cao

2011 journal article
Development of a modal emissions model for a hybrid electric vehicle
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 16(6), 444–450.
Contributors: H. Zhai *, H. Christopher Frey n & N. Rouphail n

2011 journal article
Geographic differences in inter-individual variability of human exposure to fine particulate matter
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 45(32), 5684–5691.
Contributors: Y. Cao n

2011 journal article
In-Use Measurement of Activity, Energy Use, and Emissions of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 45(20), 9044–9051.
Contributors: B. Graver n

2011 journal article
Modeling of in-vehicle human exposure to ambient fine particulate matter
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 45(27), 4745–4752.
Contributors: X. Liu n

2010 journal article
Comprehensive Field Study of Fuel Use and Emissions of Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2158), 69–76.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2010 journal article
Estimating Diesel Vehicle Emission Factors at Constant and High Speeds for Short Road Segments
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2158), 19–27.
Contributors: H. Choi n

2010 journal article
Estimating In-Vehicle Concentration of and Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Near-Roadway Ambient Air Quality and Variability in Vehicle Operation
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2158), 105–112.
Contributors: X. Liu n

2010 journal article
Field Procedures for Real-World Measurements of Emissions from Diesel Construction Vehicles
JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS, 16(3), 216–225.
Contributors: W. Rasdorf n

2010 chapter
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant design and technology
In Advanced Power Plant Materials, Design and Technology (pp. 54–88).
2010 journal article
Method for in-use measurement and evaluation of the activity, fuel use, electricity use, and emissions of a plug-in hybrid diesel-electric school bus
Environmental Science and Technology, 44(9), 3601–3607.
Contributors: H. Choi n

2010 journal article
Vehicle-Specific Emissions Modeling Based upon on-Road Measurements
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 44(9), 3594–3600.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2009 journal article
Analysis of coupled model uncertainties in source-to-dose modeling of human exposures to ambient air pollution: A PM2.5 case study
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 43(9), 1641–1649.
Contributors: H. Özkaynak*, H. Frey n, J. Burke * & R. Pinder *

2009 journal article
Assessing methods for comparing emissions from gasoline and diesel light-duty vehicles based on microscale measurements
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 14(2), 91–99.
Contributors: M. Coelho *

2009 journal article
Comparison of Flexible Fuel Vehicle and Life-Cycle Fuel Consumption and Emissions of Selected Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases for Ethanol 85 Versus Gasoline
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 59(8), 912–924.
Contributors: H. Zhai n

2009 journal article
Development and Use of Emissions Inventories for Construction Vehicles
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2123), 46–53.
Contributors: P. Lewis n

2009 journal article
Effects of Idle Reduction Technologies on Real World Fuel Use and Exhaust Emissions of Idling Long-Haul Trucks
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 43(17), 6875–6881.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2009 journal article
In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of eight cement mixer trucks operated on each of petroleum diesel and soy-based B20 biodiesel
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 14(8), 585–592.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2009 journal article
Life Cycle Inventory Energy Consumption and Emissions for Biodiesel versus Petroleum Diesel Fueled Construction Vehicles
Environmental Science & Technology, 43(16), 6398–6405.
Contributors: S. Pang n

2009 journal article
Life cycle inventory energy consumption and emissions for biodiesel versus petroleum diesel fueled construction vehicles
Environmental Science & Technology, 43(16), 6398–6405.
2009 journal article
Light duty gasoline vehicle emission factors at high transient and constant speeds for short road segments
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 14(8), 610–614.
Contributors: H. Choi n & H. Christopher Frey n

2009 review
Probabilistic Exposure Analysis for Chemical Risk Characterization
[Review of ]. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 109(1), 4–17.
Contributors: K. Bogen *

2009 journal article
Real-World Energy Use and Emission Rates for Idling Long-Haul Trucks and Selected Idle Reduction Technologies
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 59(7), 857–864.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2009 journal article
Regional On-Road Vehicle Running Emissions Modeling and Evaluation for Conventional and Alternative Vehicle Technologies
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 43(21), 8449–8455.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2009 journal article
Requirements and Incentives for Reducing Construction Vehicle Emissions and Comparison of Nonroad Diesel Engine Emissions Data Sources
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE, 135(5), 341–351.
Contributors: P. Lewis n

2008 journal article
A Vehicle-Specific Power Approach to Speed- and Facility-Specific Emissions Estimates for Diesel Transit Buses
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 42(21), 7985–7991.
Contributors: H. Zhai n

2008 journal article
Characterization of Real-World Activity, Fuel Use, and Emissions for Selected Motor Graders Fueled with Petroleum Diesel and B20 Biodiesel
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 58(10), 1274–1287.
Contributors: H. Frey

2008 journal article
Comparison of Real-World Emissions of B20 Biodiesel Versus Petroleum Diesel for Selected Nonroad Vehicles and Engine Tiers
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, (2058), 33–42.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2008 journal article
Evaluation of response time of a portable system for in-use vehicle tailpipe emissions measurement
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 42(1), 221–227.
Contributors: K. Zhang n

2008 journal article
Fuel use and emissions comparisons for alternative routes, time of day, road grade, and vehicles based on in-use measurements
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 42(7), 2483–2489.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2008 conference paper
Impact of Alternative Vehicle Technologies on Measured Vehicle Emissions
Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality, 320.
Contributors: H. Zhai n

2008 journal article
Link-based emission factors for heavy-duty diesel trucks based on real-world data
Transportation Research Record, (2058), 23–32.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2008 journal article
Methodology for characterization of long-haul truck idling activity under real-world conditions
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 13(8), 516–523.
Contributors: H. Christopher Frey n

2008 journal article
Real-world in-use activity, fuel use, and emissions for nonroad construction vehicles: A case study for excavators
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 58(8), 1033–1046.
Contributors: S. Abolhasani n

2008 journal article
What is uncertainty analysis and how can it be performed?
Toxicology Letters, 180, 3.
2007 journal article
Comparing real-world fuel consumption for diesel- and hydrogen-fueled transit buses and implication for emissions
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 12(4), 281–291.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2007 journal article
Second-order modeling of variability and uncertainty in microbial hazard characterization
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, 70(2), 363–372.
Contributors: A. Vicari n

2007 journal article
Simplified performance model of gas turbine combined cycle systems
Journal of Energy Engineering, 133(2), 82–90.
Contributors: Y. Zhu n

2006 review
Air emission inventories in North America: A critical assessment
[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 56(8), 1115–1129.
Contributors: C. Miller *, G. Hidy, J. Hales, C. Kolb *, A. Werner, B. Haneke, D. Parrish *, H. Frey n

2006 journal article
Application of classification and regression trees for sensitivity analysis of the Escherichia coli O157 : H7 food safety process risk model
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, 69(3), 609–618.
Contributors: A. Mokhtari n

2006 journal article
Evaluation and recommendation of sensitivity analysis methods for application to Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation models
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 16(6), 491–506.
Contributors: A. Mokhtari n

2006 journal article
Evaluation of numerical models for simulation of real-world hot-stabilized fuel consumption and emissions of gasoline light-duty vehicles
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 11(5), 377–385.
Contributors: C. Silva *

2006 journal article
Evaluation of sampling-based methods for sensitivity analysis: Case study for the E-Coli food safety process risk model
HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, 12(6), 1128–1152.
Contributors: A. Mokhtari n

2006 journal article
Improved system integration for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 40(5), 1693–1699.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2006 journal article
Road grade estimation for on-road vehicle emissions modeling using light detection and ranging data
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 56(6), 777–788.
Contributors: K. Zhang n

2006 journal article
Uncertainty analysis of integrated gasification combined cycle systems based on frame 7H versus 7F gas turbines
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 56(12), 1649–1661.
Contributors: Y. Zhu *

2006 journal article
Uncertainty for data with non-detects: Air toxic emissions from combustion
HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, 12(6), 1171–1191.
Contributors: Y. Zhao n

2005 journal article
Quantitative analysis of variability and uncertainty with known measurement error: Methodology and case study
RISK ANALYSIS, 25(3), 663–675.
Contributors: J. Zheng n

2005 journal article
Recommended practice regarding selection of sensitivity analysis methods applied to microbial food safety process risk models
HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, 11(3), 591–605.
Contributors: A. Mokhtari n

2005 journal article
Sensitivity analysis of a two-dimensional probabilistic risk assessment model using analysis of variance
RISK ANALYSIS, 25(6), 1511–1529.
Contributors: A. Mokhtari n

2004 journal article
Comparison of sensitivity analysis methods based on applications to a food safety risk assessment model
RISK ANALYSIS, 24(3), 573–585.
Contributors: S. Patil n

2004 journal article
Development of probabilistic emission inventories of air toxics for Jacksonville, Florida
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 54(11), 1405–1421.

2004 journal article
Optimization under variability and uncertainty: A case study for NOx emissions control for a gasification system
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 38(24), 6741–6747.

2004 journal article
Propagation of uncertainty in hourly utility NOx emissions through a photochemical grid air quality model: A case study for the Charlotte, NC, modeling domain
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 38(7), 2153–2160.
Contributors: A. Abdel-Aziz n & H. Frey n

2004 journal article
Quantification of highway vehicle emissions hot spots based upon on-board measurements
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 54(2), 130–140.
Contributors: A. Unal n

2004 journal article
Quantification of variability and uncertainty for air toxic emission inventories with censored emission factor data
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 38(22), 6094–6100.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2004 journal article
Quantification of variability and uncertainty for censored data sets and application to air toxic emission factors
RISK ANALYSIS, 24(4), 1019–1034.
Contributors: Y. Zhao n

2004 journal article
Quantification of variability and uncertainty using mixture distributions: Evaluation of sample size, mixing weights, and separation between components
RISK ANALYSIS, 24(3), 553–571.
Contributors: J. Zheng n

2003 journal article
Development of hourly probabilistic utility NOx emission inventories using time series techniques: Part I - univariate approach
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 37(38), 5379–5389.
Contributors: A. Abdel-Aziz n & H. Frey

2003 journal article
Development of hourly probabilistic utility NOx emission inventories using time series techniques: Part II - multivariate approach
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 37(38), 5391–5401.
Contributors: A. Abdel-Aziz n & H. Frey

2003 journal article
Integrated environmental assessment, Part I: Estimating emissions
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 7(1), 9–11.
Contributors: H. Christopher Frey n & M. Small *
2003 journal article
Methods for quantifying variability and uncertainty in AP-42 emission factors: Case studies for natural gas-fueled engines
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 53(12), 1436–1447.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2003 journal article
On-road measurement of vehicle tailpipe emissions using a portable instrument
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 53(8), 992–1002.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2003 journal article
Probabilistic nonroad mobile source emission factors
Journal of Environmental Engineering, 129(2), 162–168.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2003 journal article
Quantification of hourly variability in NOx emissions for baseload coal-fired power plants
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 53(11), 1401–1411.
Contributors: A. Abdel-Aziz n & H. Frey n

2002 conference paper
Identification and review of sensitivity analysis methods
Risk Analysis, 22(3), 553–578.

2002 journal article
Introduction to special section on sensitivity analysis and summary of NCSU/USDA workshop on sensitivity analysis
RISK ANALYSIS, 22(3), 539–545.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2002 journal article
Probabilistic analysis of driving cycle-based highway vehicle emission factors
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 36(23), 5184–5191.
Contributors: H. Frey n

2002 journal article
Quantification of variability and uncertainty in air pollutant emission inventories: Method and case study for utility NOx emissions
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 52(9), 1083–1095.

2002 journal article
Quantification of variability and uncertainty in lawn and garden equipment NOx and total hydrocarbon emission factors
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 52(4), 435–448.

2001 journal article
Uncertainties in predicted ozone concentrations due to input uncertainties for the UAM-V photochemical grid model applied to the July 1995 OTAG domain
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 35(5), 891–903.
Contributors: S. Hanna *

1999 journal article
Methods for characterizing variability and uncertainty: Comparison of bootstrap simulation and likelihood-based approaches
Risk Analysis, 19(1), 109–130.
1999 journal article
Methods for characterizing variability and uncertainty: Comparison of bootstrap simulation and likelihood-based approaches
Risk Analysis, 19(1), 109–130.
Contributors: H. Frey & D. Burmaster

1998 journal article
Characterization and simulation of uncertain frequency distributions: Effects of distribution choice, variability, uncertainty, and parameter dependence
HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, 4(2), 423–468.

1997 journal article
Integrated environmental control modeling of coal-fired power systems
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 47(11), 1180–1188.
Contributors: E. Rubin *

1997 journal article
Modeling and evaluation of externally fired combined cycle using ASPEN
Journal of Energy Engineering, 123(3), 69–87.
1997 article
Optimal design of advanced power systems under uncertainty
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, Vol. 38, pp. 1725–1735.
1996 conference paper
Comparison of classroom and video-based instruction: a case study for a graduate-level air pollution control course
Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030313917&partnerID=MN8TOARS
Contributors: H. Frey
1992 journal article
Evaluation of Advanced Coal Gasification Combined-Cycle Systems under Uncertainty
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 31(5), 1299–1307.
Contributors: H. Frey & E. Rubin
1992 journal article
Synthesizing Optimal Flowsheets: Applications to IGCC System Environmental Control
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 31(8), 1927–1936.
Contributors: U. Diwekar *, H. Frey * & E. Rubin *
1991 journal article
Probabilistic Evaluation of Advanced So<sub>2</sub>/No<sub>X</sub> Control Technology
Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 41(12), 1585–1593.
Contributors: H. Frey * & E. Rubin *
1988 journal article
Cost-Effective emission controls for coal-fired power plants
Chemical Engineering Communications, 74(1), 155–167.
Contributors: E. Rubin *, J. Salmento* & H. Frey *
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