William Cope Pandolfo, T. J., Cope, W. G., Weaver, D. M., Kwak, T. J., & Hoeksema, B. W. (2024). Thermal Threats to Freshwater Mussels: An Empirical Stream Assessment. DIVERSITY-BASEL, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/d16010037 Mciver II, J. K., Cope, W. G., Bringolf, R. B., Kwak, T. J., Watson, B., Maynard, A., & Mair, R. (2023, September 20). Assessing the Toxicity of Sea Salt to Early Life Stages of Freshwater Mussels: Implications for Sea Level Rise in Coastal Rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5731 Rogers, J. J., Henley, W. F., Weberg, A. G., Jones, J. W., & Cope, W. G. (2023). Histological evaluations of organ tissues reveal sublethal effects in a freshwater mussel (Villosa iris) exposed to chloride and potassium concentrations below benchmark estimates. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY, 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106476 Waller, D., Pucherelli, S., Barbour, M., Tank, S., Meulemans, M., Wise, J., … Wong, W. H. (2023, June 23). Review and Development of Best Practices for Toxicity Tests with Dreissenid Mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5648 Rudershausen, P. J., Cross, F. A., Runde, B. J., Evans, D. W., Cope, W. G., & Buckel, J. A. (2023). Total mercury, methylmercury, and selenium concentrations in blue marlin Makaira nigricans from a long-term dataset in the western north Atlantic. Science of The Total Environment, 858, 159947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159947 LePrevost, C. E., Cope, W. G., Shen, Y., & Wrights, D. (2021). A New Open-Source Web Application with Animations to Support Learning of Neuron-to-Neuron Signaling. AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER, 83(9), 593–595. https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2021.83.9.600 Cope, W. R., Kwak, T. J., Black, T. R., Pacifici, K., Harris, S. C., Miller, C. M., … Hallerman, E. M. (2021). Genetic Structure and Diversity of the Endemic Carolina Madtom and Conservation Implications. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT, 41(S1), S27–S41. https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10589 LePrevost, C. E., Denlea, G., Dong, L., & Cope, W. G. (2021). Investigating audience response system technology during pesticide training for farmers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION & EXTENSION, 27(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2020.1816478 Wang, N., Kunz, J. L., Hardesty, D. K., Steevens, J. A., Norberg-King, T., Hammer, E. J., … Wardell, J. (2021). Method Development for a Short-Term 7-Day Toxicity Test with Unionid Mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 40(12), 3392–3409. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5225 Grieshaber, C. A., Cope, W. G., Kwak, T. J., Penland, T. N., Heise, R. J., & Mac Law, J. (2021). Survival and Contaminants in Imperiled and Common Riverine Fishes Assessed with an In Situ Bioassay Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 40(8), 2206–2219. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5104 Cope, W. G., Bergeron, C. M., Archambault, J. M., Jones, J. W., Beaty, B., Lazaro, P. R., … Rogers, J. J. (2021). Understanding the influence of multiple pollutant stressors on the decline of freshwater mussels in a biodiversity hotspot. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 773, 144757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144757 Gray, K. M., LePrevost, C. E., & Cope, W. G. (2020). Anglers' Views on Using Signs to Communicate Fish Consumption Advisories. FISHERIES, 45(10), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10463 Bishop, W. M., Willis, B. E., Cope, W. G., & Richardson, R. J. (2020). Biomass of the Cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei Alters Copper Algaecide Exposure and Risks to a Non-target Organism. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 104, 228–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02755-2 Buczek, S. B., Archambault, J. M., Gregory Cope, W., & Heilman, M. A. (2020). Evaluation of Juvenile Freshwater Mussel Sensitivity to Multiple Forms of Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 105(4), 588–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02971-1 Willis, B. E., Gravelie, J. T., Bishop, W. M., Buczek, S. B., & Cope, W. G. (2020). Managing the Invasive Cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei in a Southeastern USA Reservoir: Evaluation of a Multi-year Treatment Program. WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 231(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04532-y Willis, B. E., Gravelie, J. T., Bishop, W. M., Buczek, S. B., & Cope, W. G. (2020, June 4). Managing the Invasive CyanobacteriumLyngbya wolleiin a Southeastern USA Reservoir: Evaluation of a Multi-year Treatment Program (vol 231, 196, 2020). WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, Vol. 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04663-2 Harwell, E., LePrevost, C. E., & Cope, W. G. (2020). Pesticides and your respiratory system: what we know about a lifetime of farm exposures and lung and airway health. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service and North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. Penland, T. N., Cope, W. G., Kwak, T. J., Strynar, M. J., Grieshaber, C. A., Heise, R. J., & Sessions, F. W. (2020). Trophodynamics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Food Web of a Large Atlantic Slope River. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(11), 6800–6811. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05007 Flowers, H. J., Kwak, T. J., Fischer, J. R., Cope, W. G., Rash, J. M., & Besler, D. A. (2019). Behavior and Survival of Stocked Trout in Southern Appalachian Mountain Streams. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY, 148(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10113 Fischer, J. R., Kwak, T. J., Flowers, H. J., Cope, W. G., Rash, J. M., & Besler, D. A. (2019). Growth, Condition, and Trophic Relations of Stocked Trout in Southern Appalachian Mountain Streams. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY, 148(4), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10170 Waller, D. L., & Cope, W. G. (2019). The Status of Mussel Health Assessment and a Path Forward. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 22(2), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.26-42 Popp, A., Cope, W. G., McGregor, M. A., Kwak, T. J., Augspurger, T., Levine, J. F., & Koch, L. (2018). A Comparison of the chemical sensitivities between in vitro and in vivo propagated juvenile freshwater mussels: Implications for standard toxicity testing. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 37(12), 3077–3085. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4270 Flood, S., Burkholder, J. A., & Cope, G. (2018). Assessment of atrazine toxicity to the estuarine phytoplankter, Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyta), under varying nutrient conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, 25(12), 11409–11423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1310-1 Rogers, J. J., Henley, W. F., Weberg, A. G., Jones, J. W., & Cope, W. G. (2018). Assessment of growth, survival, and organ tissues of caged mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a river-scape influenced by coal mining in the southeastern USA. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 645, 1273–1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.142 Storm, J. F., LePrevost, C. E., Arellano, C., & Cope, W. G. (2018). Certified Safe Farm Implementation in North Carolina: Hazards, Safety Improvements, and Economic Incentives. Journal of Agromedicine, 23(4), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2018.1508395 Archambault, J. M., Cope, W. G., & Kwak, T. J. (2018). Chasing a changing climate: Reproductive and dispersal traits predict how sessile species respond to global warming. DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, 24(7), 880–891. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12740 Buttermore, E. N., Cope, W. G., Kwak, T. J., Cooney, P. B., Shea, D., & Lazaro, P. R. (2018). Contaminants in tropical island streams and their biota. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 161, 615–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.053 Engman, A. C., Kwak, T. J., & Cope, W. G. (2018). Do postlarval amphidromous fishes transport marine-derived nutrients and pollutants to Caribbean streams? Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 27(3), 847–856. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12397 Buczek, S. B., Cope, W. G., McLaughlin, R. A., & Kwak, T. J. (2018). Effects of Turbidity, Sediment, and Polyacrylamide on Native Freshwater Mussels. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, 54(3), 631–643. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12639 Penland, T. N., Grieshaber, C. A., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., Heise, R. J., & Sessions, F. W. (2018). Food web contaminant dynamics of a large Atlantic Slope river: Implications for common and imperiled species. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 633, 1062–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.251 Drew, C. A., Eddy, M., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Augspurger, T. (2018). Hydrologic characteristics of freshwater mussel habitat: novel insights from modeled flows. FRESHWATER SCIENCE, 37(2), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1086/697947 Archambault, J. M., Prochazka, S. T., Cope, W. G., Shea, D., & Lazaro, P. R. (2018). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters, sediments, and unionid mussels: relation to road crossings and implications for chronic mussel exposure. Hydrobiologia, 810(1), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10750-017-3101-Y Grieshaber, C. A., Penland, T. N., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., Heise, R. J., Law, J. M., … al. (2018). Relation of contaminants to fish intersex in riverine sport fishes. Science of The Total Environment, 643, 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071 Johnson, T., LePrevost, C., Kwak, T., & Cope, W. (2018). Selenium, Mercury, and Their Molar Ratio in Sportfish from Drinking Water Reservoirs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9), 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091864 Bishop, W. M., Willis, B. E., Richardson, R. J., & Cope, W. G. (2018). The presence of algae mitigates the toxicity of copper-based algaecides to a nontarget organism. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 37(8), 2132–2142. https://doi.org/10.1002/ETC.4166 Powell, K. W., Cope, W. G., LePrevost, C. E., Augspurger, T., McCarthy, A. M., & Shea, D. (2017). A Retrospective Analysis of Agricultural Herbicides in Surface Water Reveals Risk Plausibility for Declines in Submerged Aquatic Vegetation. TOXICS, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5030021 Buczek, S. B., Cope, W. G., McLaughlin, R. A., & Kwak, T. J. (2017). ACUTE TOXICITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE FLOCCULANTS TO EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 36(10), 2715–2721. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3821 Bishop, W. M., Lynch, C. L., Willis, B. E., & Cope, W. G. (2017). Copper-Based Aquatic Algaecide Adsorption and Accumulation Kinetics: Influence of Exposure Concentration and Duration for Controlling the Cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 99(3), 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-017-2134-2 Pandolfo, T. J., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., Heise, R. J., Nichols, R. B., & Pacifici, K. (2017). Declining Occurrence and Low Colonization Probability in Freshwater Mussel Assemblages: A Dynamic Occurrence Modeling Approach. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 20(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v20i1.2017.13-19 Lee Pow, C. S. D., Law, J. M., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., Rice, J. A., Kullman, S. W., & Aday, D. D. (2017). Endocrine active contaminants in aquatic systems and intersex in common sport fishes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36(4), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.1002/ETC.3607 Leonard, J. A., Cope, W. G., Hammer, E. J., Barnhart, M. C., & Bringolf, R. B. (2017). Extending the toxicity-testing paradigm for freshwater mussels: Assessing chronic reproductive effects of the synthetic estrogen 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol on the unionid mussel Elliptio complanata. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY, 191, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.09.002 Cope, W. G., Reyes, A. J., & LePrevost, C. E. (2017). When a Good Pesticide Application Goes Bad. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service and North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. Lee Pow, C. S. D., Tilahun, K., Creech, K., Law, J. M., Cope, W. G., Kwak, T. J., … Kullman, S. W. (2017). Windows of Susceptibility and Consequences of Early Life Exposures to 17β–estradiol on Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Reproductive Success. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(9), 5296–5305. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01568 Storm, J. F., LePrevost, C. E., Tutor-Marcom, R., & Cope, W. G. (2016). Adapting Certified Safe Farm to North Carolina Agriculture: An Implementation Study. JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE, 21(3), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2016.1180273 Archambault, J. M., Bergeron, C. M., Cope, W. G., Lazaro, P. R., Leonard, J. A., & Shea, D. (2016). Assessing toxicity of contaminants in riverine suspended sediments to freshwater mussels. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36(2), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3540 Archambault, J. M., & Cope, W. G. (2016). Life Stage Sensitivity of a Freshwater Snail to Herbicides Used in Invasive Aquatic Weed Control. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 19(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v19i2.2016.69-79 Pandolfo, T. J., Kwak, T. J., & Cope, W. G. (2016). Microhabitat Suitability and Niche Breadth of Common and Imperiled Atlantic Slope Freshwater Mussels. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 19(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v19i2.2016.27-50 Pandolfo, T. J., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., Heise, R. J., Nichols, R. B., & Pacifici, K. (2016). Species traits and catchment‐scale habitat factors influence the occurrence of freshwater mussel populations and assemblages. Freshwater Biology, 61(10), 1671–1684. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12807 Hodgson, E., & Cope, W. G. (Eds.). (2015). Dictionary of Agromedicine (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://appliedecology.cals.ncsu.edu/extension/toxicology/dictionary-of-agromedicine/ Archambault, J. M., Bergeron, C. M., Cope, W. G., Richardson, R. J., Heilman, M. A., Corey, J. E., III, … Heise, R. J. (2015). Sensitivity of freshwater molluscs to hydrilla-targeting herbicides: providing context for invasive aquatic weed control in diverse ecosystems. JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY, 30(3), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2014.945104 Sackett, D. K., Pow, C. L., Rubino, M. J., Aday, D. D., Cope, W. G., Kullman, S., … Law, M. (2015). Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: A geographic information systems approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34(2), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2797 Fritts, A. K., Barnhart, M. C., Bradley, M., Liu, N., Cope, W. G., Hammer, E., & Bringolf, R. B. (2014). ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY TEST ENDPOINTS FOR FRESHWATER MUSSEL LARVAE (GLOCHIDIA). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 33(1), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2417 LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C. R., Arellano, C., & Cope, W. G. (2014). Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit: A Curriculum for Enhancing Farmworkers' Understanding of Pesticide Safety Concepts. JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE, 19(2), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2014.886538 LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C. R., Arellano, C., & Cope, W. G. (2014). Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit: A Curriculum for Enhancing Farmworkers’ Understanding of Pesticide Safety Concepts. Journal of Agromedicine, 19(2), 222–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2014.890991 Archambault, J. M., Cope, W. G., & Kwak, T. J. (2014). Influence of sediment presence on freshwater mussel thermal tolerance. FRESHWATER SCIENCE, 33(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1086/674141 Leonard, J. A., Cope, W. G., Barnhart, M. C., & Bringolf, R. B. (2014). Metabolomic, behavioral, and reproductive effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride on the unionid mussel Lampsilis fasciola. GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, 206, 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.019 Leonard, J. A., Cope, W. G., Barnhart, M. C., & Bringolf, R. B. (2014). Metabolomic, behavioral, and reproductive effects of the synthetic estrogen 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol on the unionid mussel Lampsilis fasciola. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY, 150, 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.004 LePrevost, C. E., Blanchard, M. R., & Cope, W. G. (2014). Personal Goals and Perceived Barriers of Farmworker Pesticide Trainers: Implications for Workplace Safety and Health. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 20(4), 267–282. https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.20.10528 Archambault, J. M., Cope, W. G., & Kwak, T. J. (2014). Survival and behaviour of juvenile unionid mussels exposed to thermal stress and dewatering in the presence of a sediment temperature gradient. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, 59(3), 601–613. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12290 LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C. R., & Cope, W. G. (2014). The Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit: an innovative model for developing an evidence-informed program for a low-literacy, Latino immigrant audience. Journal of Extension, 52(3), 1–10. LePrevost, C. E., Blanchard, M. R., & Cope, W. G. (2013). Beliefs of science educators who teach pesticide risk to farmworkers. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 8(4), 587–609. Archambault, J. M., Cope, W. G., & Kwak, T. J. (2013). Burrowing, byssus, and biomarkers: behavioral and physiological indicators of sublethal thermal stress in freshwater mussels (Unionidae). MARINE AND FRESHWATER BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSIOLOGY, 46(4), 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2013.805891 LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Blanchard, M. R., Asuaje, C. R., & Cope, W. G. (2013). Engaging Latino Farmworkers in the Development of Symbols to Improve Pesticide Safety and Health Education and Risk Communication. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 15(5), 975–981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-012-9685-4 Hazelton, P. D., Cope, W. G., Mosher, S., Pandolfo, T. J., Belden, J. B., Barnhart, M. C., & Bringolf, R. B. (2013). Fluoxetine alters adult freshwater mussel behavior and larval metamorphosis. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 445, 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.026 Sackett, D. K., Aday, D. D., Rice, J. A., & Cope, W. G. (2013). Maternally transferred mercury in wild largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Environmental Pollution, 178, 493–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2013.03.046 LePrevost, C. E., Gray, K. M., Hernandez-Pelletier, M., Bouma, B. D., Arellano, C., & Cope, W. G. (2013). Need for Improved Risk Communication of Fish Consumption Advisories to Protect Maternal and Child Health: Influence of Primary Informants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 10(5), 1720–1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10051720 Heise, R. J., Cope, W. G., Kwak, T. J., & Eads, C. B. (2013). Short-Term Effects of Small Dam Removal on a Freshwater Mussel Assemblage. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 16(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v16i1.2013.41-52 Sackett, D. K., Cope, W. G., Rice, J. A., & Aday, D. D. (2013). The Influence of Fish Length on Tissue Mercury Dynamics: Implications for Natural Resource Management and Human Health Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 10(2), 638–659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020638 Sackett, D. K., Aday, D. D., Rice, J. A., & Cope, W. G. (2013). Validation of a Predictive Model for Fish Tissue Mercury Concentrations. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY, 142(2), 380–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.747990 Pandolfo, T. J., Cope, W. G., Young, G. B., Jones, J. W., Hua, D., & Lingenfelser, S. F. (2012). Acute effects of road salts and associated cyanide compounds on the early life stages of the unionid mussel Villosa iris. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 31(8), 1801–1806. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1876 Mosher, S., Cope, W. G., Weber, F. X., Kwak, T. J., & Shea, D. (2012). Assessing Accumulation and Sublethal Effects of Lead in a Unionid Mussel. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 15(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v15i1.2012.60-68 Mosher, S., Cope, W. G., Weber, F. X., Shea, D., & Kwak, T. J. (2012). Effects of lead on Na+, K+-ATPase and hemolymph ion concentrations in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Environmental Toxicology, 27(5), 268–276. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20639 Prochazka, S. T., Cope, W. G., & Recio, L. (2012). Genotoxic Response of Unionid Mussel Hemolymph to Hydrogen Peroxide and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 15(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v15i2.2012.113-125 Hazelton, P. D., Cope, W. G., Pandolfo, T. J., Mosher, S., Strynar, M. J., Barnhart, M. C., & Bringolf, R. B. (2012). Partial life-cycle and acute toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids to freshwater mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 31(7), 1611–1620. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1866 Choi, K., Cope, W. G., Harms, C. A., & Law, J. M. (2012). Rapid decreases in salinity, but not increases, lead to immune dysregulation in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(L.). Journal of Fish Diseases, 36(4), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01417.x Pandolfo, T. J., Kwak, T. J., & Cope, W. G. (2012). Thermal Tolerances of Freshwater Mussels and their Host Fishes: Species Interactions in a Changing Climate. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 15(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v15i1.2012.69-82 Cope, W. G., Holliman, F. M., Kwak, T. J., Oakley, N. C., Lazaro, P. R., Shea, D., … al. (2011). Assessing water quality suitability for shortnose sturgeon in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA with an in situ bioassay approach. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, 27(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01570.x Cope, W. G. (2011). Exposure classes: toxicants in air, water, soil, domestic, and occupational settings. In E. Hodgson (Ed.), A Textbook of Modern Toxicology (4th ed., pp. 31–47). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Babbs, D., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for Christmas trees (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-16 and AG-MED-17). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Miller, G., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for apples (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-18 and AG-MED-19). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Miller, G., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for bell peppers (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-11 and AG-MED-12). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Miller, G., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for blueberries (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-27 and AG-MED-28). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Miller, G., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for cucumbers (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-13 and AG-MED-14). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Miller, G., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for grapes (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-20 and AG-MED-21). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Miller, G., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for landscape and turfgrass (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-29 and AG-MED-30). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Miller, G., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for strawberries (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-31 and AG-MED-32). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Babbs, D., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for sweetpotatoes (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-9 and AG-MED-10). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Babbs, D., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for tobacco (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-7 and AG-MED-8). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Storm, J. F., Asuaje, C., Babbs, D., Bunch, B., & Cope, W. G. (2011). Pesticides and farmworker health toolkit for tomatoes (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-22 and AG-MED-23). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. LePrevost, C. E., Blanchard, M. R., & Cope, W. G. (2011, June). The Pesticide Risk Beliefs Inventory: A Quantitative Instrument for the Assessment of Beliefs about Pesticide Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol. 8, pp. 1923–1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8061923 Cope, W. G., & Hodgson, E. (2011). Use classes: metals, agricultural chemicals, food additives and contaminants, toxins, solvents, therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse, combustion products, and cosmetics. In E. Hodgson (Ed.), A Textbook of Modern Toxicology (4th ed., pp. 49–75). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sackett, D. K., Aday, D. D., Rice, J. A., Cope, W. G., & Buchwalter, D. (2010). Does proximity to coal-fired power plants influence fish tissue mercury? ECOTOXICOLOGY, 19(8), 1601–1611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0545-5 Bringolf, R. B., Heltsley, R. M., Newton, T. J., Eads, C. B., Fraley, S. J., Shea, D., & Cope, W. G. (2010). ENVIRONMENTAL OCCURRENCE AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL FLUOXETINE IN NATIVE FRESHWATER MUSSELS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 29(6), 1311–1318. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.157 Pandolfo, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Arellano, C. (2010). THERMAL TOLERANCE OF JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE) UNDER THE ADDED STRESS OF COPPER. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 29(3), 691–699. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.92 Pandolfo, T. J., Cope, W. G., Arellano, C., Bringolf, R. B., Barnhart, M. C., & Hammer, E. (2010). Upper thermal tolerances of early life stages of freshwater mussels. JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 29(3), 959–969. https://doi.org/10.1899/09-128.1 Sackett, D. K., Aday, D. D., Rice, J. A., & Cope, W. G. (2009). A Statewide Assessment of Mercury Dynamics in North Carolina Water Bodies and Fish. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY, 138(6), 1328–1341. https://doi.org/10.1577/t08-178.1 Tullos, D. D., Penrose, D. L., Jennings, G. D., & Cope, W. G. (2009). Analysis of functional traits in reconfigured channels: implications for the bioassessment and disturbance of river restoration. JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 28(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1899/07-122.1 Pandolfo, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Arellano, C. (2009). Heart rate as a sublethal indicator of thermal stress in juvenile freshwater mussels. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 154(3), 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.001 Heise, R. J., Bringolf, R. B., Patterson, R., Cope, W. G., & Ross, S. T. (2009). Plasma Vitellogenin and Estradiol Concentrations in Adult Gulf Sturgeon from the Pascagoula River Drainage, Mississippi. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY, 138(5), 1028–1035. https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-140.1 Hewitt, A. H., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Pollock, K. H. (2009). Population Density and Instream Habitat Suitability of the Endangered Cape Fear Shiner. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY, 138(6), 1439–1457. https://doi.org/10.1577/t08-038.1 DeBusk, K. M., Hunt, W. F., Osmond, D. L., & Cope, W. G. (2009). Water quality of rooftop runoff: implications for residential water harvesting systems (Urban Waterways No. AG-588-18W). Raleigh: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Bringolf, R. B., Mosher, S., Rice, J. A., Noble, R. L., & Edwards, H. C. (2008). Controlling nitrogen release from farm ponds with a subsurface outflow device: Implications for improved water quality in receiving streams. AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT, 95(6), 737–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.01.015 Cope, W. G., Bringolf, R. B., Buchwalter, D. B., Newton, T. J., Ingersoll, C. G., Wang, N., … Hammer, E. (2008). Differential exposure, duration, and sensitivity of unionoidean bivalve life stages to environmental contaminants. JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 27(2), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1899/07-094.1 Holliman, F. M., Davis, D., Bogan, A. E., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Levine, J. F. (2008). Magnetic resonance imaging of live freshwater mussels (Unionidae). INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY, 127(4), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00143.x Bringolf, R. B., Cope, W. G., Mosher, S., Barnhart, M. C., & Shea, D. (2007). Acute and chronic toxicity of glyphosate compounds to glochidia and juveniles of Lampsilis Siliquoidea (Unionidae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 26(10), 2094–2100. https://doi.org/10.1897/06-519R1.1 Bringolf, R. B., Cope, W. G., Barnhart, M. C., Mosher, S., Lazaro, P. R., & Shea, D. (2007). Acute and chronic toxicity of pesticide formulations (atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin) to glochidia and juveniles of Lampsilis Siliquoidea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 26(10), 2101–2107. https://doi.org/10.1897/06-555R.1 Bringolf, R. B., Cope, W. G., Eads, C. B., Lazaro, P. R., Barnhart, M. C., & Shea, D. (2007). Acute and chronic toxicity of technical-grade pesticides to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 26(10), 2086–2093. https://doi.org/10.1897/06-522R.1 Chaves, A., Shea, D., & Cope, W. G. (2007). Environmental fate of chlorothalonil in a Costa Rican banana plantation. CHEMOSPHERE, 69(7), 1166–1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.048 Holliman, F. M., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Levine, J. F. (2007). Exposure of Unionid Mussels to Electric Current: Assessing Risks Associated with Electrofishing. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136(6), 1593–1606. https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-006.1 Wang, N., Augspurger, T., Barnhart, M. C., Bidwell, J. R., Cope, W. G., Dwyer, F. J., … Whites, D. W. (2007). Intra- and interlaboratory variability in acute toxicity tests with glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 26(10), 2029–2035. https://doi.org/10.1897/06-520R.1 McCarthy, A. M., Bales, J. D., Cope, W. G., & Shea, D. (2007). Modeling pesticide fate in a small tidal estuary. ECOLOGICAL MODELLING, 200(1-2), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.013 Newton, T., & Cope, W. G. (2006). Biomarker Responses of Unionid Mussels to Environmental Contaminants. In Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology (pp. 257–284). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420042856.ch10 Moody, R., Turner, P., Shea, D., Levine, J. F., & Cope, W. G. (2006). Clam gape sensing equipment for water monitoring. Sea Technology, 3, 28–32. Barwick, R. D., Cope, W. G., Barwick, D. H., McHenry, D., McRae, S., & Mitchell, W. A. (2006). Enhancing your waterfront property and aquatic resources. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Press. Hewitt, A. H., Cope, W. G., Kwak, T. J., Augspurger, T., Lazaro, P. R., & Shea, D. (2006, September). Influence of water quality and associated contaminants on survival and growth of the endangered Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistocholas). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. 25, pp. 2288–2298. https://doi.org/10.1897/05-569r.1 Cope, W. G., Bartsch, M. R., & Hightower, J. E. (2006). Population dynamics of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) during the initial invasion of the Upper Mississippi River, USA. JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES, 72, 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyi063 Ingersoll, C. G., Augspurger, T., Barnhart, C., Bidwell, J., Black, M., Cope, W. G., … Keller, A. (2006). Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels (Special Technical Report No. ASTM E2455-05). Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and materials (ASTM). Shea, D., Cope, W. G., & Thorsen, W. (2006). Toxicokinetics of Environmental Contaminants in Freshwater Bivalves. In Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology (pp. 169–213). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420042856.ch8 Heltsley, R. M., Cope, W. G., Shea, D., Bringolf, R. B., Kwak, T. J., & Malindzak, E. G. (2005). Assessing organic contaminants in fish: Comparison of a nonlethal tissue sampling technique to mobile and stationary passive sampling devices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 39(19), 7601–7608. https://doi.org/10.1021/es051037s Allen, D. G., Green, D. P., Bolton, G. E., Jaykus, L. A., & Cope, W. G. (2005). Detection and identification of histamine-producing bacteria associated with harvesting and processing mahimahi and yellowfin tuna. JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, 68(8), 1676–1682. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-68.8.1676 Bernhardt, J. H., Buhler, W. G., Cope, W. G., Langley, R. L., McGinnis, K., Meggs, W., … Branigan, A. (2005). Pesticide Related Illness and Health Issues [Online course]. Greenville, NC: Eastern Area Health Education Center, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University. Gustafson, L. L., Stoskopf, M. K., Showers, W., Cope, G., Eads, C., Linnehan, R., … Levine, J. F. (2005). Reference ranges for hemolymph chemistries from Elliptio complanata of North Carolina. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 65(2), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao065167 Bringolf, R. B., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Larimore, M. S. (2005). Salinity tolerance of flathead catfish: Implications for dispersal of introduced populations. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY, 134(4), 927–936. https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-195.1 Neal, J. W., Bacheler, N. M., Noble, R. L., Shea, D., & Cope, W. G. (2005). The mystery of Dos Bocas Reservoir, Puerto Rico: Explaining extreme spatial heterogeneity in largemouth bass distribution. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41(4), 804–814. Storm, J. F., Cope, W. G., Buhler, W. G., & McGinnis, K. (2005). Understanding the Agricultural Health Study. An accredited online course for private pesticide applicator certification training in North Carolina. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service and North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. Thorsen, W. A., Cope, W. G., & Shea, D. (2004). Bioavailability of PAHs: Effects of soot carbon and PAH source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 38(7), 2029–2037. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0306056 Thorsen, W. A., Forestier, D., Sandifer, T., Lazaro, P. R., Cope, W. G., & Shea, D. (2004). Elimination rate constants of 46 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the unionid mussel, Elliptio complanata. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 47(3), 332–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-3186-y Cope, W. G. (2004). Exposure Classes, Toxicants in Air, Water, Soil, Domestic and Occupational Settings. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471646776.ch4 Storm, J. F., Cope, W. G., Buhler, W. G., & McGinnis, K. (2004). Understanding the Agricultural Health Study, Part 1: Overview (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-24). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Storm, J. F., Cope, W. G., Buhler, W. G., & McGinnis, K. (2004). Understanding the Agricultural Health Study, Part 2: Pesticide Exposure (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-25). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Storm, J. F., Cope, W. G., Buhler, W. G., & McGinnis, K. (2004). Understanding the Agricultural Health Study, Part 3: Health Findings (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-26). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Leidy, R. B., & Hodgson, E. (2004). Use classes: metals, agricultural chemicals, food additives and contaminants, toxins, solvents, therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse, combustion products, and cosmetics. In E. Hodgson (Ed.), A Textbook of Modern Toxicology (3rd ed., pp. 49–74). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Greseth, S. L., Cope, W. G., Rada, R. G., Waller, D. L., & Bartsch, M. R. (2003). Biochemical composition of three species of unionid mussels after emersion. JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES, 69(2), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/69.2.101 Cope, W. G., Hove, M. C., Waller, D. L., Hornbach, D. J., Bartsch, M. R., Cunningham, L. A., … Kapuscinski, A. R. (2003). Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia. JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES, 69(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/69.1.27 Cope, W. G., Rice, J. A., Bryant, S. L., & Harris, F. A. (2003). Help protect our waters: stop the invaders! A full-color educational poster on aquatic nuisance species in North Carolina. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Allen, R. A., Sutton, T. B., Chaves, A., Stern, J. D., Storm, J. F., & Buhler, W. G. (2003). Pesticides and human health: grapes (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-20 and AG-MED-21; 6pp each). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Sanders, D. C., Louws, F. J., Walgenbach, J. F., Chaves, A., Stern, J. D., … Buhler, W. G. (2003). Pesticides and human health: tomatoes (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-22 and AG-MED-23; 6pp each). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Newton, T. J., & Gatenby, C. M. (2003). Review of techniques to prevent introduction of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) during native mussel (Unionoidea) conservation activities. Journal of Shellfish Research, 22(1), 177–184. Augspurger, T., Keller, A. E., Black, M. C., Cope, W. G., & Dwyer, F. J. (2003). Water quality guidance for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from ammonia exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 22(11), 2569–2575. https://doi.org/10.1897/02-339 Bogan, A. E., Cope, W. G., Alderman, J., & Savidge, T. (2002). A workbook and key to the freshwater bivalves of North Carolina. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and North Carolina State University. Doran, W. J., Cope, W. G., Rada, R. G., & Sandheinrich, M. B. (2001). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (Amblema plicata) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, 49(1), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.2036 Naimo, T. J., Wiener, J. G., Cope, W. G., & Bloom, N. S. (2000). Bioavailability of sediment-associated mercury to Hexagenia mayflies in a contaminated floodplain river. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES, 57(5), 1092–1102. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-57-5-1092 Cope, W. G. (2000). Contaminants in Wildlife. In L. K. Williams & R. L. Langley (Eds.), Environmental Health Secrets (pp. 130–133). Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus, Inc. Bartsch, M. R., Waller, D. L., Cope, W. G., & Gutreuter, S. (2000). Emersion and thermal tolerances of three species of unionid mussels: Survival and behavioral effects. Journal of Shellfish Research, 19(1), 233–240. Naimo, T. J., Cope, W. G., Monroe, E. M., Farris, J. L., & Milam, C. D. (2000). Influence of diet on survival, growth, and physiological condition of fingernail clams Musculium transversum. Journal of Shellfish Research, 19(1), 23–28. Doll, B. A., Cope, W. G., & Burkholder, J. M. (2000). Recreational water quality: a fact sheet for coastal vacationers and water_dependent businesses. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Sea Grant Press. Naimo, T. J., Cope, W. G., & Bartsch, M. R. (2000). Sediment-contact and survival of fingernail clams: Implications for conducting short-term laboratory tests. Environmental Toxicology, 15(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7278(2000)15:1<23::aid-tox4>3.0.co;2-5 Cope, W. G., Bartsch, M. R., Rada, R. G., Balogh, S. J., Rupprecht, J. E., Young, R. D., & Johnson, D. K. (1999). Bioassessment of mercury, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in the upper Mississippi river with zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 33(24), 4385–4390. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9902165 Bartsch, M. R., Cope, W. G., & Rada, R. G. (1999). Effects of cadmium-spiked sediment on cadmium accumulation and bioturbation by nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia bilineata. WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 109(1-4), 277–292. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005089601201 Cope, W. G., Avery, R. C., Storm, J. F., & Luginbuhl, R. C. (1999). Pesticides and human health: Christmas trees (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-16 and AG-MED-17). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Avery, R. C., Storm, J. F., & Luginbuhl, R. C. (1999). Pesticides and human health: apples (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-18 and AG-MED-19). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Avery, R. C., Storm, J. F., & Luginbuhl, R. C. (1999). Pesticides and human health: tobacco (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-15). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Avery, R. C., Storm, J. F., & Luginbuhl, R. C. (1998). Pesticides and human health: cucumbers (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-13 and AG-MED-14). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Avery, R. C., Storm, J. F., & Luginbuhl, R. C. (1998). Pesticides and human health: green peppers (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-11 and AG-MED 12). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Avery, R. C., Storm, J. F., & Luginbuhl, R. C. (1998). Pesticides and human health: sweet potatoes (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-9 and AG-MED-10). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Avery, R. C., Storm, J. F., & Luginbuhl, R. C. (1998). Pesticides and human health: tobacco (North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service No. AG-MED-7 and AG-MED-8; 6pp each). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press. Cope, W. G., Bartsch, M. R., & Marking, L. L. (1997). Efficacy of candidate chemicals for preventing attachment of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 16(9), 1930–1934. https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1930:EOCCFP>2.3.CO;2 Cope, W. G., Bartsch, M. R., & Hayden, R. R. (1997). Longitudinal Patterns in Abundance of the Zebra Mussel(Dreissena polymorpha)in the Upper Mississippi River. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 12(2), 235–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1997.9663531 Cope, W. G., Wiener, J. G., & Steingraeber, M. T. (1996). Test system for exposing fish to resuspended, contaminated sediment. Environmental Pollution, 91(2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(95)00054-2 Waller, D. L., Rach, J. J., Cope, W. G., & Miller, G. A. (1995). Effects of Handling and Aerial Exposure on the Survival of Unionid Mussels. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 10(3), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1995.9663439 Cope, W. G., & Waller, D. L. (1995). Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 11(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450110204 Cope, W. G., Wiener, J. G., Steingraeber, M. T., & Atchison, G. J. (1994). Cadmium, Metal-binding Proteins, and Growth in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Exposed to Contaminated Sediments from the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51(6), 1356–1367. https://doi.org/10.1139/f94-135 Cope, W. G., Atchison, G. J., & Wiener, J. G. (1994). Hepatic cadmium, metal-binding proteins and bioaccumulation in bluegills exposed to aqueous cadmium. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 13(4), 553–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130403 Waller, D. L., Rach, J. J., Cope, W. G., & Luoma, J. A. (1993). A Sampling Method for Conducting Relocation Studies with Freshwater Mussels. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 8(4), 397–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664878 Waller, D. L., Rach, J. J., Cope, W. G., Marking, L. L., Fisher, S. W., & Dabrowska, H. (1993). Toxicity of Candidate Molluscicides to Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and Selected Nontarget Organisms. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 19(4), 695–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(93)71257-5 Cope, W. G., & Rada, R. G. (1992). Accumulation of mercury by aufwuchs in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Implications for monitoring. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 23(2), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00212271 Cope, W. G. (1991). Metallothionein and bioaccumulation of cadmium in juvenile bluegills exposed to aqueous and sediment-associated cadmium (Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University). https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-11997 Wiener, J. G., Cope, W. G., & Rada, R. G. (1990). Mercury accumulation in yellow perch in wisconsin seepage lakes: Relation to lake characteristics. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9(7), 931–940. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090711 Cope, W. G. (1988). Factors influencing mercury accumulation in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and aufwuchs in selected north-central Wisconsin lakes (M.Sc. Thesis). University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI. Eads, C. B., Bogan, A. E., Cope, W. G., & Levine, J. F. Summary of ongoing research: assessment of effects of road crossings; road runoff on freshwater mussels in North Carolina streams. Ellipsaria, 3(3), 10.