@article{bollmer_2022, title={Counter-Selfies and the Real Subsumption of Society}, ISBN={["978-1-032-13266-2", "978-0-367-20608-6"]}, DOI={10.4324/9780367206109-1}, abstractNote={Counter-selfie names a variant of selfie; in taking a counter-selfie one strives to become visibly present to other people but simultaneously works to render oneself invisible to systems of computational, digital surveillance. The contradictions of counter-selfies relate to concerns central to digital culture writ large; they depict the limits of conceptualizing and enacting politics as relational and democratic; they demonstrate the impossibility of particular political acts when structures of capital have moved from what Marx termed “formal subsumption” to “real subsumption;” they substitute for political action when resistance to capital seems to be articulated in a profoundly anti-democratic and anti-communist frame. The demand for communication and the exchange of information is central to contemporary versions of the formal subsumption of labor by capital. Digital culture seems marked by an intensification of visibility for the purposes of surveillance, legitimated by a demand for “transparency.”.}, journal={VISUAL CULTURE APPROACHES TO THE SELFIE}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2022}, pages={20–39} }
 @article{bollmer_suddarth_2022, title={Embodied parallelism and immersion in virtual reality gaming}, ISSN={["1748-7382"]}, DOI={10.1177/13548565211070691}, abstractNote={ This article argues that virtual reality produces a sense of immersion through embodied parallelism – a technical mediation in which the embodied gestures and movements of a player must correspond to what is represented within a VR game, a correspondence which relies on, but exceeds the visual and requires strange requirements for both player (in terms of their gestures and movements) and game (in terms of including particular limits that police the movements of the player’s body). Attending to embodied parallelism refuses several longstanding assumptions about how virtual reality technologies, and media in general, generate the feeling of immersion – namely, the idea that immersion ‘disembodies’ in some way, or denies the existence of physical space beyond the boundary of a mediated simulation. Immersivity is premised on an explicit engagement with – and not exclusion of – both the physicality of the body and the physicality of a medium, if in deeply contradictory ways. As a case study to develop this concept, this article discusses the emerging virtual reality genre of ‘physics games’, games including, but not limited to, Blade & Sorcery, Boneworks and Half-Life: Alyx. These games take great lengths to simulate the physics of objects – they require simultaneously intrusive and yet ‘natural’ interfaces, in which the game demands the body to move as if it were manipulating objects that have a specific mass. Becoming ‘good’ at these games depends on the ability to discipline the body and conform to the demands of movement required by the simulation. Immersion, in this context, depends on a willingness to submit to these machinic, embodied demands, relying both explicitly on technical form but deliberately forgetting the materiality of gesture and mediation at the same time. This seeming contradiction, an engagement with both the materiality of gesture and the materiality of medium, is ‘solved’ through embodied parallelism and how it links player and game. }, journal={CONVERGENCE-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH INTO NEW MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES}, author={Bollmer, Grant and Suddarth, Adam}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{soncul_bollmer_2020, title={Networked liminality}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1460-700X"]}, DOI={10.1080/13534645.2019.1685775}, number={1}, journal={PARALLAX}, author={Soncul, Yigit and Bollmer, Grant}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={1–8} }
 @misc{bollmer_2019, title={Materialist Media Theory}, ISBN={9781501337123 9781501337116 9781501337093 9781501337109 9781501337086}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501337086}, DOI={10.5040/9781501337086}, abstractNote={Our technologies rely on an ever-expanding infrastructure of wires, routers, servers, and hard drives—a proliferation of devices that reshape human interaction and experience prior to conscious knowledge. Understanding these technologies requires an approach that foregrounds media as an agent that collaborates in the production of the world beyond content or representation. Materialist Media Theory provides an accessible, synthetic account of the cutting edge of the theoretical humanities, examining a range of approaches to media’s physical, infrastructural role in shaping culture, space, time, cognition, and life itself.}, publisher={Bloomsbury Academic}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2019} }
 @article{bollmer_guinness_2018, title={'Do You Really Want to Live Forever?': Animism, Death, and the Trouble of Digital Images}, volume={24}, DOI={10.5130/csr.v24i1.5995}, number={2}, journal={CULTURAL STUDIES REVIEW}, author={Bollmer, Grant and Guinness, Katherine}, year={2018}, pages={79–96} }
 @article{bollmer_2018, title={The Knowledge We Have Lost in Information: The History of Information in Modern Economics}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1753-0369"]}, DOI={10.1080/17530350.2018.1434557}, abstractNote={Auerbach, M., 2016. IKEA: Flat Pack Tax Avoidance. Brussels: Greens/EFA Group in the European Parliament. Boll, K., 2014. Mapping tax compliance. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25 (4–5), 293–303. Carlstrom, J., 2017. A reverse-Trump tax plan delivers an economic miracle in Sweden. Bloomberg Politics [online], 7 May. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-07/a-reverse-trump-tax-plan-deliversan-economic-miracle-in-sweden [Accessed 26 July 2017]. Marcus, G. E., 2001. The unbalanced reciprocity between cultural studies and anthropology. In: T. Miller, ed. A companion to cultural studies. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 169–182. Milne, S., 2013. Corporate power has turned Britain into a corrupt state. Guardian [online], 4 June. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/04/corporate-britain-corrupt-lobbying-revolving-door [Accessed 26 July 2017].}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF CULTURAL ECONOMY}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2018}, pages={169–172} }
 @misc{bollmer_2018, title={Theorizing Digital Cultures}, ISBN={9781473966932 9781529714760}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529714760}, DOI={10.4135/9781529714760}, publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2018} }
 @article{bollmer_2017, title={Empathy machines}, volume={165}, ISSN={["2200-467X"]}, DOI={10.1177/1329878x17726794}, abstractNote={A major claim about virtual reality (VR) is that it can foster empathy through digital simulations. This article argues, however, that technologies intended to foster empathy merely presume to acknowledge the experience of another, but fail to do so in any meaningful way. With empathy, the experiential grounds upon which ethical and moral arguments are made require an essential transmissibility, and that which cannot be expressed in seemingly ‘universal’ terms cannot be acknowledged. This article makes its arguments through a discussion of VR as an ‘empathy machine’, and contextualizes empathy in digital media by suggesting it repeats not a psychological construct, but a concept derived from late 19th-century German aesthetic theory and its conceptualization of Einfühlung. It proposes radical compassion as an alternative to empathy, and suggests that empathy is a limiting and problematic concept that effaces another’s experience unless it can be made sensible.}, number={1}, journal={MEDIA INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={63–76} }
 @article{bollmer_2017, title={Media economics}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2206-3374"]}, DOI={10.1080/22041451.2017.1366212}, abstractNote={There once was a division between something called ‘political economy’ and something called ‘cultural studies’. For cultural studies, political economists reduced everything to a vulgar Marxism. Fo...}, number={4}, journal={COMMUNICATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2017}, pages={386–388} }
 @article{bollmer_2016, title={Infrastructural temporalities: Facebook and the differential time of data management}, volume={30}, ISSN={1030-4312 1469-3666}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2015.1099151}, DOI={10.1080/10304312.2015.1099151}, abstractNote={Facebook presents itself as a tool in the service of humanism: it connects people through the sharing of information and experience. This article contests these assumptions about the innate humanness of Facebook’s connections through an examination of its information management and network architecture. It argues that Facebook depends on a number of radically different milieus expressed by way of different, competing conceptualizations of time that it does not or cannot negotiate. Consequentially, Facebook should not be imagined as a single network of human connectivity that will somehow realize newly identified human rights through technology. Facebook should be thought of as a multiplicity of incommensurate networks, not all of which can be brought into human experience. The time of infrastructure directs us to an uneven ‘social’ that emerges from the negotiation of multiple, often obscured forms of temporal difference, managed through multiple, often obscured systems of hardware and software that forever remain beyond the conscious experience of most Facebook users.}, number={1}, journal={Continuum}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={20–31} }
 @article{bollmer_2014, title={Pathologies of Affect}, volume={28}, ISSN={0950-2386 1466-4348}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2013.826264}, DOI={10.1080/09502386.2013.826264}, abstractNote={This essay juxtaposes the ontological variant of affect theorized by cultural theory with what Catherine Malabou terms the ‘new wounded’ – bodies defined by their inability to produce and experience specific neurological affects. Ontological affect theory positions the capacity of a body to affect and be affected as the foundation for relation both beyond and between individuals, often drawing on neuropsychology for the legitimation of its claims. The new wounded, however, exist as a form of life that cannot be acknowledged by these theories. The varied pathologies that comprise the new wounded are identified specifically by the inability to produce the affects that supposedly ground the ontology of relation. The first part of this essay examines how neuropsychology constructs and identifies the pathological other of the new wounded through discursive, medical and technological means. A body's capacity to experience affect is not something biologically given, but is instead produced through techniques that sort proper and improper bodies, defining the new wounded as less than fully human. The second part discusses the mobilization of neuropsychological norms in ontological affect theory. The turn to the biological in affect theory, often made in order to theorize a non-representational sphere of existence beyond the symbolic, relies on but cannot acknowledge the discursive and technological production of affective and affectless bodies in neuropsychology. The ontology of affect, consequentially, should be thought of as a normative political construct defined by the absent and erased other of the affectless body. I conclude by claiming that a politics of ontology must acknowledge how materialist and realist constructs of the ontological such as affect are inherently produced within and mobilized by historical contingencies, contexts and conjunctures.}, number={2}, journal={Cultural Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Bollmer, Grant David}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={298–326} }
 @article{bollmer_2013, title={Millions Now Living Will Never Die: Cultural Anxieties About the Afterlife of Information}, volume={29}, ISSN={0197-2243 1087-6537}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2013.777297}, DOI={10.1080/01972243.2013.777297}, abstractNote={This article examines cultural anxieties surrounding the life and death of online data. Through the examination of a wide range of discourses, including “lifestyle” news articles, online user comments, essays and books by novelists and engineers, and the websites of information management services, I argue that death online—defined as the persistence of informatic remainders after the death of the human user—reveals how networked data are constructed as both an authentic duplicate of identity and as a threat to personal identity that must be managed. Because humans are understood as finite and mortal, while data are immortal and everlasting, the “life” formed out of online data is understood as beyond any possible control of the user. With the death of the user, the perceived connection between the user and data is revealed as a contingency rather than a necessity. Information is produced as autonomous. It is nearly identical to yet separate from the user; it belongs to nobody except, perhaps, the network itself.}, number={3}, journal={The Information Society}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Bollmer, Grant David}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={142–151} }
 @article{bollmer_2010, title={Book Review Essay: Not Understanding the Network? A Review of Four Contemporary Works}, volume={13}, ISSN={1071-4421 1547-7487}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2010.505157}, DOI={10.1080/10714421.2010.505157}, abstractNote={Conan O'Brien, on his second episode as the host of The Tonight Show, debuted a segment called “Twitter Tracker,” which he introduced by explaining the recent popularity of social networking Web si...}, number={3}, journal={The Communication Review}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Bollmer, Grant}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={243–260} }