@article{hallowell_baran_2021, title={Neighborhood Dynamics and Long-Term Change}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1538-4632"]}, DOI={10.1111/gean.12240}, abstractNote={Patterns of change in neighborhoods can be discordantly different, even within the same city district. A little understood factor in how urban neighborhoods form and grow is structural inertia, which is the tendency of an urban area to resist change due to its existing physical and socio‐economic fabric. This study explores how patterns of buildings, plots, blocks, and streets affect change or inertia in neighborhoods over time. We integrate Conzenian morphology and space syntax approaches within a geographic information system (GIS) framework to study two historic neighborhoods in Charlotte and Raleigh, N.C. at four points in time over a 96‐year span. Aerial images, historic maps, and GIS sources help to create spatial configuration and building data for each time period. We then analyze these data to identify statistical and map‐pattern morphological and syntactic relationships both in the aggregate and in detail. Our research finds that most of the independent variables of block size, plot size, building footprint, global integration, local integration, and connectivity predicted long‐term change measured in building inventory in almost every occurrence. Our study also suggests design implications and possible future tools and research for measuring change and its relation to the physical characteristics of our cities.}, number={2}, journal={GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS}, author={Hallowell, George and Baran, Perver}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={213–236} }
 @article{pasalar_hallowell_2019, title={A grassroots research approach for branding urban districts}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1938-7806"]}, DOI={10.1108/ARCH-03-2019-0047}, abstractNote={
Purpose
To produce effective urban district branding strategies, the factors impacting its unique characteristics and identity must be examined first. The purpose of this paper is to present a bottom-up participatory process for uncovering the identity of an urban district to ensure that its community goals and future branding are consistent and genuine.
}, number={2}, journal={ARCHNET-IJAR INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH}, author={Pasalar, Celen and Hallowell, George Dewey}, year={2019}, pages={331–348} }
 @article{gulwadi_mishchenko_hallowell_alves_kennedy_2019, title={The restorative potential of a university campus: Objective greenness and student perceptions in Turkey and the United States}, volume={187}, ISSN={["1872-6062"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.03.003}, abstractNote={University students who balance multidimensional stress with their learning have everyday encounters with different locations of green outdoor campus spaces. Objective greenness of campus was measured in this study through the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index at three spatial levels - overall campus, central campus, and around the academic building. Students (n = 1079) pursuing business, design, or psychology degrees from two universities each in Turkey and the United States (U.S.) reported their perceptions of campus greenness, restorativeness, and quality of life. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations between objective and perceived greenness at each level, perceived restorativeness, and quality of life. In the U.S. there was a mismatch between objective and perceived greenness at the building level. Serial mediation analyses showed direct effects of all three levels of objective greenness on overall quality of life, but also indirect increases mediated by perceived greenness and perceived restorativeness. Campus green spaces are everyday sources for student restoration and knowing at which locations they are most effective can help planning and design efforts that reveal their potential as restorative resources.}, journal={LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}, author={Gulwadi, Gowri Betrabet and Mishchenko, Evrim Demir and Hallowell, George and Alves, Susana and Kennedy, Megan}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={36–46} }