@article{ma_kaber_gil_clamann_jeon_zhu_currie_2018, title={A Comparison of Virtual Reality-Based Psychomotor Task Training with Visual and Haptic Aiding}, volume={596}, ISBN={["978-3-319-60017-8"]}, ISSN={["2194-5365"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-60018-5_26}, abstractNote={The objective of this research was to compare learning effects of motor and cognitive skill training with three types of virtual reality (VR) simulation. The VR simulations included haptic (guidance forces), visual (attentional cues) and a combination of haptic and visual assistance designed to accelerate training. The results of the experiment revealed that conditions providing haptic assistance (alone and in combination with visual aids) provided more cognitive skill training than the visual-only aiding condition. Similarly, the visual condition resulted in better training of fine motor skill than the haptic condition. The combination condition led to some of the smallest training effects. The present investigation incorporating healthy participants was designed as part of an ongoing research effort to provide insight for the design of VR simulations to support rehabilitation of motor skills among disabled populations or training of new skills for occupational tasks.}, journal={ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS IN TRAINING, EDUCATION, AND LEARNING SCIENCES, AHFE 2017}, author={Ma, Wenqi and Kaber, David and Gil, Guk-Ho and Clamann, Michael and Jeon, Wooram and Zhu, Biwen and Currie, Nancy}, year={2018}, pages={265–277} }
 @article{kaber_tupler_clamann_gil_zhu_swangnetr_jeon_zhang_qin_ma_et al._2014, title={Evaluation of an Augmented Virtual Reality and Haptic Control Interface for Psychomotor Training}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1949-3614"]}, DOI={10.1080/10400435.2013.800923}, abstractNote={This study investigated the design of a virtual reality (VR) simulation integrating a haptic control interface for motor skill training. Twenty-four healthy participants were tested and trained in standardized psychomotor control tasks using native and VR forms with their nondominant hands in order to identify VR design features that might serve to accelerate motor learning. The study was also intended to make preliminary observations on the degree of specific motor skill development that can be achieved with a VR-based haptic simulation. Results revealed significant improvements in test performance following training for the VR with augmented haptic features with insignificant findings for the native task and VR with basic haptic features. Although performance during training was consistently better with the native task, a correspondence between the VR training and test task interfaces led to greater improvement in test performance as reported by a difference between baseline and post-test scores. These findings support use of VR-based haptic simulations of standardized psychomotor tests for motor skill training, including visual and haptic enhancements for effective pattern recognition and discrete movement of objects. The results may serve as an applicable guide for design of future haptic VR features.}, number={1}, journal={ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Kaber, David and Tupler, Larry A. and Clamann, Michael and Gil, Guk-Ho and Zhu, Biwen and Swangnetr, Manida and Jeon, Wooram and Zhang, Yu and Qin, Xiaofeng and Ma, Wenqi and et al.}, year={2014}, pages={51–60} }
 @article{kaber_naylor_gil_pankok_kim_2013, title={Influence of Flight Domain and Cockpit Display Dynamics on Pilot Perceived Clutter}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2327-3097"]}, DOI={10.2514/1.i010036}, abstractNote={Two analyses were conducted on three datasets from a series of aviation human factors experiments focused on the development and testing of measures of flight display clutter as well as the relation with flight task performance. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of cockpit display dynamics and aircraft type on pilot perceptions of display clutter in simulated flight tasks through statistical analyses of the data gathered across the experimental studies. Comparisons were made on observations of pilots with comparable experience under similar headup or headdown display conditions. In general, this research demonstrated the clutter measures to be highly sensitive to aviation display and domain conditions. The findings also indicated that human information processing considerations in aviation display design coupled with attention to the visual characteristics of display features may provide an effective basis for mitigating potential effects of clutter on pilot performance.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS}, author={Kaber, David B. and Naylor, James T. and Gil, Guk-Ho and Pankok, Carl and Kim, Sang-Hwan}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={550–559} }
 @article{kaber_kaufmann_alexander_kim_naylor_prinzel_pankok_gil_2013, title={Testing and Validation of a Psychophysically Defined Metric of Display Clutter}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2327-3097"]}, DOI={10.2514/1.i010048}, abstractNote={Combinations of cockpit display features may lead to increased pilot perceptions of clutter. This research sought to capture pilot perceptions of display clutter associated with primary flight display features during a vertical takeoff and landing scenario and to validate a multidimensional measure of clutter previously developed for a fixed-wing environment. Sixteen active fixed-wing pilots were recruited for the study that used a simulator configured as a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. A factor analysis was used to reduce the number of subdimensions of the clutter measure based on previous ratings data. The simplified measure revealed an increase in the number of active display features to cause an increase in perceived clutter. Displays including synthetic vision system features were perceived as significantly more cluttered than those without. Although a tunnel (highway in the sky) feature also contributed to clutter, pilots achieved higher navigation system failure detection rates when the fe...}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS}, author={Kaber, David and Kaufmann, Karl and Alexander, Amy L. and Kim, Sang-Hwan and Naylor, James T. and Prinzel, Lawrence J., III and Pankok, Carl, Jr. and Gil, Guk-Ho}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={359–368} }
 @article{gil_kaber_2012, title={An Accessible Cognitive Modeling Tool for Evaluation of Pilot-Automation Interaction}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1532-7108"]}, DOI={10.1080/10508414.2012.718236}, abstractNote={Various cognitive modeling techniques and tools have been developed to support description and prediction of human behavior in complex systems. GOMS (Goals, Operators, Methods and Selection rules) modeling methods have been used in human–computer interaction (HCI) analysis for many years and are considered easy to learn. GOMS has several limitations, including representing only expert behavior in tasks and not supporting detailed modeling of visual and motor operations or parallel processing. Another limitation is that operation time estimates are deterministic. This research developed an enhanced GOMS language and computational cognitive modeling tool to address the existing GOMS limitations to aid cockpit automation designers in assessing the potential for automation-induced pilot performance problems. Output of the tool for a specific flight and automation use scenario was compared with experiment data for validation purposes. Results demonstrated significant correlations of model-based pilot performance and cognitive workload predictions with observations on pilots using a flight simulator. The new enhanced cognitive modeling approach is expected to provide accurate explanations and predictions of user behaviors during the design of complex systems and interfaces in various domains involving interactive task performance.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Gil, Guk-Ho and Kaber, David B.}, year={2012}, pages={319–342} }
 @article{gil_kaber_kaufmann_kim_2012, title={Effects of modes of cockpit automation on pilot performance and workload in a next generation flight concept of operation}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1002/hfm.20377}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing}, author={Gil, G. H. and Kaber, D. and Kaufmann, K. and Kim, S. H.}, year={2012}, pages={395–406} }