@article{gookin_jewell_aicher_seiler_cullen_mathews_2024, title={Increased lipogenesis and lipidosis of gallbladder epithelium in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0303191}, number={6}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Gookin, Jody L. and Jewell, Dennis E. and Aicher, Kathleen M. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Cullen, John M. and Mathews, Kyle G.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{gookin_hartley_aicher_mathews_cullen_cullen_callahan_stowe_seiler_jacob_et al._2023, title={Gallbladder microbiota in healthy dogs and dogs with mucocele formation}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0281432}, abstractNote={To date studies have not investigated the culture-independent microbiome of bile from dogs, a species where aseptic collection of bile under ultrasound guidance is somewhat routine. Despite frequent collection of bile for culture-based diagnosis of bacterial cholecystitis, it is unknown whether bile from healthy dogs harbors uncultivable bacteria or a core microbiota. The answer to this question is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of biliary infection and as a baseline to exploration of other biliary diseases in dogs where uncultivable bacteria could play a pathogenic role. A pressing example of such a disease would be gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs. This prevalent and deadly condition is characterized by excessive secretion of abnormal mucus by the gallbladder epithelium that can eventually lead to rupture of the gallbladder or obstruction of bile flow. The cause of mucocele formation is unknown as is whether uncultivable, and therefore unrecognized, bacteria play any systematic role in pathogenesis. In this study we applied next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the culture-negative bacterial community of gallbladder bile from healthy dogs and gallbladder mucus from dogs with mucocele formation. Integral to our study was the use of 2 separate DNA isolations on each sample using different extraction methods and sequencing of negative control samples enabling recognition and curation of contaminating sequences. Microbiota findings were validated by simultaneous culture-based identification, cytological examination of bile, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) performed on gallbladder mucosa. Using culture-dependent, cytological, FISH, and 16S rRNA sequencing approaches, results of our study do not support existence of a core microbiome in the bile of healthy dogs or gallbladder mucus from dogs with mucocele formation. Our findings further document how contaminating sequences can significantly contribute to the results of sequencing analysis when performed on samples with low bacterial biomass.}, number={2}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Gookin, Jody L. and Hartley, Ashley N. and Aicher, Kathleen M. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Cullen, Rachel and Cullen, John M. and Callahan, Benjamin J. and Stowe, Devorah M. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Jacob, Megan E. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{cordle_seiler_barnes_olby_2023, title={MRI features can help to confirm a diagnosis of progressive myelomalacia, but may not be accurate in dogs lacking characteristic clinical signs at the time of imaging}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13178}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Cordle, Katelyn J. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Barnes, Danielle and Olby, Natasha J.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{slead_callahan_schreeg_seiler_stowe_azcarate-peril_jacob_gookin_2023, title={Microbiome analysis of bile from apparently healthy cats and cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16852}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16852}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Slead, Tanner S. and Callahan, Benjamin J. and Schreeg, Megan E. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Stowe, Devorah M. and Azcarate-Peril, Maria Andrea and Jacob, Megan E. and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{gilbertie_schaer_engiles_seiler_deddens_schubert_jacob_stefanovski_ruthel_hickok_et al._2022, title={A Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Biologic Clears Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms While Mitigating Cartilage Degeneration and Joint Inflammation in a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Infectious Arthritis Model}, volume={12}, ISSN={2235-2988}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.895022}, DOI={10.3389/fcimb.2022.895022}, abstractNote={The leading cause of treatment failure in Staphylococcus aureus infections is the development of biofilms. Biofilms are highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics which were developed against planktonic cells. Consequently, there is a lack of antibiofilm agents in the antibiotic development pipeline. To address this problem, we developed a platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-derived biologic, termed BIO-PLY (for the BIOactive fraction of Platelet-rich plasma LYsate) which has potent in vitro bactericidal activity against S. aureus synovial fluid free-floating biofilm aggregates. Additional in vitro studies using equine synoviocytes and chondrocytes showed that BIO-PLY protected these cells of the joint from inflammation. The goal of this study was to test BIO-PLY for in vivo efficacy using an equine model of infectious arthritis. We found that horses experimentally infected with S. aureus and subsequently treated with BIO-PLY combined with the antibiotic amikacin (AMK) had decreased bacterial concentrations within both synovial fluid and synovial tissue and exhibited lower systemic and local inflammatory scores compared to horses treated with AMK alone. Most importantly, AMK+BIO-PLY treatment reduced the loss of infection-associated cartilage proteoglycan content in articular cartilage and decreased synovial tissue fibrosis and inflammation. Our results demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of AMK+BIO-PLY and represents a new approach to restore and potentiate antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms.}, journal={Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Gilbertie, Jessica M. and Schaer, Thomas P. and Engiles, Julie B. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Deddens, Bennett L. and Schubert, Alicia G. and Jacob, Megan E. and Stefanovski, Darko and Ruthel, Gordon and Hickok, Noreen J. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{seiler_cohen_d'anjou_french_gaschen_knapp_salwei_saunders_2022, title={ACVR and ECVDI Consensus Statement for the Standardization of the Abdominal Ultrasound Examination}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13151}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Cohen, Eli B. and D'anjou, Marc-Andre and French, John and Gaschen, Lorrie and Knapp, Stephanie and Salwei, Rochelle M. and Saunders, H. Mark}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{appleby_vaden_monteith_seiler_2022, title={Shear wave elastography evaluation of cats with chronic kidney disease}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13184}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Appleby, Ryan B. and Vaden, Shelly L. and Monteith, Gabrielle and Seiler, Gabriela S.}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{gremillion_cohen_vaden_seiler_2021, title={Optimization of ultrasonographic ureteral jet detection and normal ureteral jet morphology in dogs}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13000}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Gremillion, Christine and Cohen, Eli B. and Vaden, Shelly and Seiler, Gabriela}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{lindaberry_vaden_aicher_seiler_robertson_cianciolo_yang_gookin_2021, title={Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16051}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Lindaberry, Crystal and Vaden, Shelly and Aicher, Kathleen M. and Seiler, Gabriela and Robertson, James and Cianciolo, Rachel and Yang, Ching and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={878–886} }
 @article{gieger_seiler_nolan_2021, title={Treatment of feline gastrointestinal intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma with lomustine chemotherapy and 8 Gy abdominal cavity radiation therapy}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, DOI={10.1177/1098612X20959602}, abstractNote={Objectives The goal of this study was to document the outcomes and toxicity of a novel multimodality treatment protocol for feline gastrointestinal intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma (FGL) in which cats were treated at 21-day intervals. }, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Gieger, Tracy L. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Nolan, Michael W.}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={469–476} }
 @article{rivas_seiler_robertson_ryu_mathews_2019, title={Ability of positive and negative contrast computed tomographic peritoneography to delineate canine liver lobe fissures}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13318}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Rivas, Luis R. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Robertson, Ian D. and Ryu, Hongyu and Mathews, Kyle G.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={1444–1449} }
 @article{seiler_griffith_2018, title={Comparisons between elastographic stiffness scores for benign versus malignant lymph nodes in dogs and cats}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12557}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Griffith, Emily}, year={2018}, pages={79–88} }
 @article{gookin_mathews_cullen_seiler_2018, title={Qualitative metabolomics profiling of serum and bile from dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0191076}, abstractNote={Mucocele formation is characterized by secretion of abnormally thick mucus by the gallbladder epithelium of dogs that may cause obstruction of the bile duct or rupture of the gallbladder. The disease is increasingly recognized and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The cause of gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs is unknown. There is a strong breed predisposition and affected dogs have a high incidence of concurrent endocrinopathy or hyperlipidemia. These observations suggest a significant influence of both genetic and metabolic factors on disease pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated a theory that mucocele formation is associated with a syndrome of metabolic disruption. We surmised that a global, untargeted metabolomics approach could provide unique insight into the systemic pathogenesis of gallbladder mucocele formation and identify specific compounds as candidate biomarkers or treatment targets. Moreover, concurrent examination of the serum and hepatic duct bile metabolome would enable the construction of mechanism-based theories or identification of specific compounds responsible for altered function of the gallbladder epithelium. Abnormalities observed in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation, including a 33-fold decrease in serum adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP), lower quantities of precursors required for synthesis of energy transporting nucleotides, and increases in citric acid cycle intermediates, suggest excess metabolic energy and a carbon surplus. Altered quantities of compounds involved in protein translation and RNA turnover, together with accumulation of gamma-glutamylated and N-acetylated amino acids in serum suggest abnormal regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism. Increases in lathosterol and 7α-hydroxycholesterol suggest a primary increase in cholesterol synthesis and diversion to bile acid formation. A number of specific biomarker compounds were identified for their ability to distinguish between control dogs and those that formed a gallbladder mucocele. Particularly noteworthy was a significant decrease in quantity of biologically active compounds that stimulate biliary ductal fluid secretion including adenosine, cAMP, taurolithocholic acid, and taurocholic acid. These findings support the presence of significant metabolic disruption in dogs with mucocele formation. A targeted, quantitative analysis of the identified serum biomarkers is warranted to determine their utility for diagnosis of this disease. Finally, repletion of compounds whose biological activity normally promotes biliary ductal secretion should be examined for any therapeutic impact for resolution or prevention of mucocele formation.}, number={1}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Gookin, Jody L. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Cullen, John and Seiler, Gabriela}, year={2018}, month={Jan} }
 @article{hahn_specchi_masseau_reinero_benchekroun_rechy_seiler_pey_2018, title={The computed tomographic "tree-in-bud" pattern: Characterization and comparison with radiographic and clinical findings in 36 cats}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12564}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Hahn, Harriet and Specchi, Swan and Masseau, Isabelle and Reinero, Carol and Benchekroun, Ghita and Rechy, Jaime and Seiler, Gabriela and Pey, Pascaline}, year={2018}, pages={32–42} }
 @article{bullen_evola_griffith_seiler_saker_2017, title={Validation of ultrasonographic muscle thickness measurements as compared to the gold standard of computed tomography in dogs}, volume={5}, journal={PeerJ}, author={Bullen, L. E. and Evola, M. G. and Griffith, E. H. and Seiler, G. S. and Saker, K. E.}, year={2017} }
 @article{lewis_olby_early_mariani_muñana_seiler_griffith_2016, title={Clinical and Diagnostic Imaging Features of Brain Herniation in Dogs and Cats}, volume={30}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14526}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.14526}, abstractNote={BackgroundQuantification of brain herniation on MRI and its immediate clinical implications are poorly described.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lewis, M.J. and Olby, N.J. and Early, P.J. and Mariani, C.L. and Muñana, K.R. and Seiler, G.S. and Griffith, E.H.}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={1672–1680} }
 @article{bray_munana_meichner_white_seiler_2016, title={Eosinophilic meningomyelitis associated with T-cell lymphoma in a cat}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85005995766&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vcp.12406}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Bray, Kathryn Y. and Munana, Karen R. and Meichner, Kristina and White, Laura A. and Seiler, Gabriela}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={698–702} }
 @article{seiler_campbell_nixon_tsuruta_dayton_jennings_redding_lustgarten_2016, title={FEASIBILITY AND SAFETY OF CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND IN THE DISTAL LIMB OF SIX HORSES}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12333}, abstractNote={Vascular alterations play important roles in many orthopedic diseases such as osteoarthritis, tendonitis, and synovitis in both human and equine athletes. Understanding these alterations could enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could be a valuable method for evaluation of blood flow and perfusion of these processes in the equine distal limb, however no reports were found describing feasibility or safety of the technique. The goal of this prospective, experimental study was to describe the feasibility and safety of distal limb CEUS in a sample of six horses. For each horse, CEUS of the distal limb was performed after intravenous injections of 5 and 10 ml, as well as intra‐arterial injections of 0.5 and 1 ml contrast medium. Vital parameters were monitored and CEUS images were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively for degree of contrast enhancement. None of the horses had clinically significant changes in their vital parameters after contrast medium injection. One horse had a transient increase in respiratory rate, and several horses had mild increases of systolic blood pressure of short duration after intravenous, but not after intra‐arterial injections. Intra‐arterial injection was possible in all horses and resulted in significantly improved contrast enhancement both quantitatively (P = 0.027) and qualitatively (P = 0.019). Findings from this study indicated that CEUS is a feasible and safe diagnostic test for evaluation of the equine distal limb. Future studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of this test for horses with musculoskeletal diseases.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Campbell, Nigel and Nixon, Britton and Tsuruta, James K. and Dayton, Paul A. and Jennings, Samuel and Redding, W. Rich and Lustgarten, Meghann}, year={2016}, pages={282–289} }
 @article{lustgarten_redding_schnabel_prange_seiler_2016, title={Navigational ultrasound imaging: A novel imaging tool for aiding interventional therapies of equine musculoskeletal injuries}, volume={48}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.12410}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Lustgarten, M. and Redding, W. R. and Schnabel, L. V. and Prange, T. and Seiler, G. S.}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={195–200} }
 @article{lourenco_randall_seiler_lunn_2015, title={Abdominal ultrasonographic findings in acromegalic cats}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, DOI={10.1177/1098612x14556847}, abstractNote={Objectives Acromegaly is increasingly recognized as a cause of insulin resistance in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). The objective of this study was to determine if ultrasonographic changes in selected abdominal organs of acromegalic cats could be used to raise the index of suspicion for this condition. }, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Lourenco, Bianca N. and Randall, Elissa and Seiler, Gabriela and Lunn, Katharine F.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={698–703} }
 @article{gookin_correa_peters_malueg_mathews_cullen_seiler_2015, title={Association of Gallbladder Mucocele Histologic Diagnosis with Selected Drug Use in Dogs: A Matched Case-Control Study}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.13649}, abstractNote={BackgroundThe cause of gallbladder mucocele (GBM) formation in dogs currently is unknown. Many available drugs represent a newer generation of xenobiotics that may predispose dogs to GBM formation.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Gookin, J. L. and Correa, M. T. and Peters, A. and Malueg, A. and Mathews, K. G. and Cullen, J. and Seiler, G.}, year={2015}, pages={1464–1472} }
 @article{mai_seiler_lindl-bylicki_zwingenberger_2015, title={CT AND MRI FEATURES OF CAROTID BODY PARAGANGLIOMAS IN 16 DOGS}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12254}, abstractNote={Carotid body tumors (paragangliomas) arise from chemoreceptors located at the carotid bifurcation. In imaging studies, this neoplasm may be confused with other neck neoplasms such as thyroid carcinoma. The purpose of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to describe computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of confirmed carotid body tumors in a multi‐institutional sample of dogs. A total of 16 dogs met inclusion criteria (14 examined using CT and two with MRI). The most common reason for imaging was a palpable cervical mass or respiratory signs (i.e., dyspnea or increased respiratory noises). The most commonly affected breed was Boston terrier (n = 5). Dogs were predominantly male castrated (n = 10) and the median age was 9 years [range 3–14.5]. Most tumors appeared as a large mass centered at the carotid bifurcation, with poor margination in six dogs and discrete margins in ten dogs. Masses were iso‐ to hypoattenuating to adjacent muscles in CT images and hyperintense to muscles in T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI. For both CT and MRI, masses typically showed strong and heterogeneous contrast enhancement. There was invasion into the adjacent structures in 9/16 dogs. In six of these nine dogs, the basilar portion of the skull was affected. The external carotid artery was entrapped in seven dogs. There was invasion into the internal jugular vein in three dogs, and into the external jugular, maxillary, and linguo‐facial veins in one dog. Imaging characteristics helped explain some clinical presentations such as breathing difficulties, Horner's syndrome, head tilt, or facial nerve paralysis.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Mai, Wilfried and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Lindl-bylicki, Britany J. and Zwingenberger, Allison L.}, year={2015}, pages={374–383} }
 @article{lustgarten_redding_labens_davis_daniel_griffith_seiler_2015, title={ELASTOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF NATURALLY OCCURING TENDON AND LIGAMENT INJURIES OF THE EQUINE DISTAL LIMB}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12284}, abstractNote={Compression elastography is an ultrasonographic technique that estimates tissue strain and may have utility in diagnosing and monitoring soft tissue injuries in the equine athlete. Recently, elastography has been proven to be a feasible and repeatable imaging modality for evaluating normal tendons and ligaments of the equine distal forelimb. The purposes of this prospective study were to investigate the ability of elastography to detect spontaneously occurring lesions of equine tendons and ligaments diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gray‐scale ultrasound (US) and to characterize the differences in the elastographic appearance of acute vs. chronic injuries. Fifty seven horses with a total of 65 lesions were evaluated. Images were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Acute lesions were found to be significantly softer (P < 0.0001) than chronic lesions (P < 0.0001) and the stiffness of lesions increased with progression of healing (P = 0.0138). A negative correlation between lesion hypoechogenicity and softness was appreciated with more hypoechoic lesions appearing softer (P = 0.0087) and more hyperechoic regions harder (P = 0.0002). A similar finding occurred with increased signal intensity on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and proton density (PD) MRI sequences correlating with increased softness on elastography (P = 0.0164). Using US and MRI as references, commonly encountered soft tissue injuries of the equine distal limb could be detected with elastography. However, elastography was limited for detecting small, proximal injuries of the hindlimb proximal suspensory ligament. Elastographic evaluation of equine tendons and ligaments may allow better characterization of lesion chronicity and severity, and sequential examinations may optimize lesion management, rehabilitation, and return to training.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Lustgarten, Meghann and Redding, W. Rich and Labens, Raphael and Davis, Weston and Daniel, Thomas M. and Griffith, Emily and Seiler, Gabriela S.}, year={2015}, pages={670–679} }
 @article{kesimer_cullen_cao_radicioni_mathews_seiler_gookin_2015, title={Excess Secretion of Gel-Forming Mucins and Associated Innate Defense Proteins with Defective Mucin Un-Packaging Underpin Gallbladder Mucocele Formation in Dogs}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0138988}, abstractNote={Mucosal protection of the gallbladder is vital yet we know very little about the mechanisms involved. In domestic dogs, an emergent syndrome referred to as gallbladder mucocele formation is characterized by excessive secretion of abnormal mucus that results in obstruction and rupture of the gallbladder. The cause of gallbladder mucocele formation is unknown. In these first mechanistic studies of this disease, we investigated normal and mucocele-forming dog gallbladders to determine the source, identity, biophysical properties, and protein associates of the culprit mucins with aim to identify causes for abnormal mucus behavior. We established that mucocele formation involves an adoptive excess secretion of gel forming mucins with abnormal properties by the gallbladder epithelium. The mucus is characterized by a disproportionally significant increase in Muc5ac relative to Muc5b, defective mucin un-packaging, and mucin-interacting innate defense proteins that are capable of dramatically altering the physical and functional properties of mucus. These findings provide an explanation for abnormal mucus behavior and based on similarity to mucus observed in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis, suggest that abnormal mechanisms for maintenance of gallbladder epithelial hydration may be an instigating factor for mucocele formation in dogs.}, number={9}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Kesimer, Mehmet and Cullen, John and Cao, Rui and Radicioni, Giorgia and Mathews, Kyle G. and Seiler, Gabriela and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2015}, month={Sep} }
 @article{mariani_jennings_olby_borst_brown_robertson_seiler_mackillop_2015, title={Histiocytic Sarcoma with Central Nervous System Involvement in Dogs: 19 Cases (2006-2012)}, volume={29}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12554}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12554}, abstractNote={BackgroundReports of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) involving the central nervous system (CNS) are sparse and consist mainly of case reports describing 1–3 animals.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Mariani, C.L. and Jennings, M.K. and Olby, N.J. and Borst, L.B. and Brown, J.C., Jr and Robertson, I.D. and Seiler, G.S. and MacKillop, E.}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={607–613} }
 @article{lustgarten_redding_labens_morgan_davis_seiler_2014, title={ELASTOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE METACARPAL TENDONS IN HORSES WITHOUT CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF TENDON INJURY}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12104}, abstractNote={Tendon and ligament injuries are common causes of impaired performance in equine athletes. Gray‐scale ultrasonography is the current standard method for diagnosing and monitoring these injuries, however this modality only provides morphologic information. Elastography is an ultrasound technique that allows detection and measurement of tissue strain, and may provide valuable mechanical information about equine tendon and ligament injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility, reproducibility, and repeatability of elastography; and to describe elastographic characteristics of metacarpal tendons in sound horses. Nineteen legs for 17 clinically sound horses without evidence of musculoskeletal pathology were included. Elastographic images of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and the branches of the suspensory ligament (tendon of the interosseous muscle) were described quantitatively and qualitatively. There was no statistically significant difference between operators (P = 0.86) nor within operators (P = 0.93). For qualitative assessments, reproducibility (0.46) was moderate and repeatability (0.78) was good. Similar to human Achilles tendons, equine tendons were classified as predominantly hard using elastography. There was no statistically significant difference in stiffness of the flexor tendons (P = 0.96). No significant difference in stiffness was found with altered leg position during standing (P = 0.84) and while nonweight bearing (P = 0.61). The flexor tendons were softer when imaged in longitudinal versus transverse planes (P < 0.01) however, the suspensory branches were not (P = 0.67). Findings supported future clinical application of elastography as a noninvasive “stall‐side” imaging modality for evaluation of the tendons and ligaments of the distal forelimb in horses.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Lustgarten, Meghann and Redding, W. Rich and Labens, Raphael and Morgan, Michel and Davis, Weston and Seiler, Gabriela S.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={92–101} }
 @article{ryan_glass_seiler_zwingenberger_mai_2014, title={MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS ASSOCIATED WITH LATERAL CEREBRAL VENTRICULOMEGALY IN ENGLISH BULLDOGS}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/vru.12123}, abstractNote={Multiple congenital or developmental anomalies associated with the central nervous system have been reported in English Bulldogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify and describe the prevalence and MRI characteristics of these anomalies and their association with presence and degree of cerebral ventriculomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of 50 English Bulldogs were evaluated. Forty‐eight dogs had some degree of cerebral ventriculomegaly, 27 of which had an otherwise normal brain. Presence of lateral ventriculomegaly was not significantly associated with presence of another intracranial lesion. Appearance of the septum pellucidum was variable, ranging from intact to incomplete or completely absent. The corpus callosum was subjectively thinned in all but three dogs, two of which had normal lateral ventricles. Fusion of the rostral colliculi was not found in any dog. A persistent craniopharyngeal canal was identified in one dog. Aqueductal stenosis caused by fusion of the rostral colliculi was not identified in any dog. Findings indicated that cerebral ventriculomegaly is a common finding in English Bulldogs with or without other intracranial lesions, aqueductal stenosis caused by fusion of the rostral colliculi is unlikely to be a common etiology leading to obstructive hydrocephalus, and a large craniopharyngeal canal is a rare finding that has unknown clinical significance at this time.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Ryan, Christopher T. and Glass, Eric N. and Seiler, Gabriela and Zwingenberger, Allison L. and Mai, Wilfried}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={292–299} }
 @article{seiler_brown_reetz_taeymans_bucknoff_rossi_ohlerth_alder_rademacher_drost_et al._2013, title={Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs and cats: 488 cases (2002-2011)}, volume={242}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Seiler, G. S. and Brown, J. C. and Reetz, J. A. and Taeymans, O. and Bucknoff, M. and Rossi, F. and Ohlerth, S. and Alder, D. and Rademacher, N. and Drost, T. and et al.}, year={2013}, pages={1255–1259} }
 @article{seiler_robertson_mai_widmer_suran_nemanic_lamb_lang_johnson_thrall_2012, title={USEFULNESS OF A HALF-FOURIER ACQUISITION SINGLE-SHOT TURBO SPIN-ECHO PULSE SEQUENCE IN IDENTIFYING ARACHNOID DIVERTICULA IN DOGS}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01893.x}, abstractNote={Single‐shot turbo spin‐echo sequences are heavily T2‐weighted sequences that are exceptionally well suited to evaluate the subarachnoid space. In the T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequences that are used routinely in spinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the subarachnoid space is not well differentiated from the surrounding epidural fat, which could lead to decreased detection of lesions of the subarachnoid space such as arachnoid diverticula. Our purpose was to determine the added value of a single‐shot turbo spin‐echo sequence in identifying cystic lesions of the subarachnoid space in dogs. MR images of six dogs with a confirmed arachnoid diverticulum and 24 dogs with other spinal disease were included. Six observers were asked to interpret only T2‐weighted images initially, and in a second session, T2‐weighted and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) sequences. The MR images were anonymized, and no signalment, history, or clinical information was provided. Without the HASTE sequences, 25% of arachnoid diverticula were identified. Adding the HASTE sequence increased the diagnosis of arachnoid diverticulum to 52.8%. The resulting difference, after adding the HASTE sequence, of 27.8% was statistically significant (P = 0.002). No false‐positive diagnoses of arachnoid diverticulum were made with either sequence. Although sensitivity in this study was likely artificially low, the significantly increased detection rate of arachnoid diverticula when using HASTE imaging indicates that this sequence is a valuable addition to MR imaging protocols for the canine spine.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Robertson, Ian D. and Mai, Wilfried and Widmer, William R. and Suran, Jantra and Nemanic, Sarah and Lamb, Christopher R. and Lang, Johann and Johnson, Jeffrey L. and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={2012}, pages={157–161} }
 @article{cervera_mai_vite_johnson_dayrell-hart_seiler_2011, title={COMPARATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS BETWEEN GLIOMAS AND PRESUMED CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS IN DOGS}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01749.x}, abstractNote={Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, and gliomas are common intraaxial brain lesions in dogs. An accurate differentiation of these two lesions is necessary for prognosis and treatment decisions. The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of 21 dogs with a presumed cerebrovascular accident and 17 with a glioma were compared. MR imaging findings were reviewed retrospectively by three observers unaware of the final diagnosis. Statistically significant differences between the appearance of gliomas and cerebrovascular accidents were identified based on lesion location, size, mass effect, perilesional edema, and appearance of the apparent diffusion coefficient map. Gliomas were predominantly located in the cerebrum (76%) compared with presumed cerebrovascular accidents that were located mainly in the cerebellum, thalamus, caudate nucleus, midbrain, and brainstem (76%). Gliomas were significantly larger compared with presumed cerebrovascular accidents and more commonly associated with mass effect and perilesional edema. Wedge‐shaped lesions were seen only in 19% of presumed cerebrovascular accidents. Between the three observers, 10–47% of the presumed cerebrovascular accidents were misdiagnosed as gliomas, and 0–12% of the gliomas were misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular accidents. Diffusion weighted imaging increased the accuracy of the diagnosis for both lesions. Agreement between observers was moderate (κ=0.48, P<0.01).}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Cervera, Vicente and Mai, Wilfried and Vite, Charles H. and Johnson, Victoria and Dayrell-Hart, Betsy and Seiler, Gabriela S.}, year={2011}, pages={33–40} }
 @article{suran_durham_mai_seiler_2011, title={CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT OF EXTRADURAL COMPRESSIVE MATERIAL ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01734.x}, abstractNote={Gadolinium‐enhancement of compressive extradural material is detected occasionally with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs. Our goal was to characterize contrast enhancement of extradural compressive material associated with intervertebral disc herniation, and to evaluate the association between enhancement and histopathologic findings and the onset of clinical signs. Ninety‐three dogs with a total of 99 lesions diagnosed as intervertebral disc herniation on MR imaging were assessed. Images were evaluated for lesion location, type of herniation, degree of compression, intramedullary T2‐weighted (T2W) intensities, and contrast enhancement. In 23 dogs, surgically removed compressive material was evaluated histopathologically for hemorrhage, inflammation, neovascularization, fibroplasia, fibrosis, mineralization, necrosis, and chronicity. Contrast enhancement of extradural compressive material, meninges, and both the compressive materials and meninges was present in 51.5%, 39.4%, and 17.2% of lesions, respectively. Extradural enhancement occurred more frequently in extrusions than protrusions (P=0.001). Meningeal enhancement and more severe neurologic deficits were significantly associated with a shorter duration of clinical signs (P=0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Intramedullary T2W hyperintensities, present with 44.4% of lesions, were associated with more severe neurologic deficits (P=0.001). Lesions with extradural enhancement were more often considered subacute to chronic in duration and more frequently associated with hemorrhage compared with nonenhancing material; however, no statistically significant association was established between contrast enhancement and histopathologic findings. Contrast enhancement of extradural compressive material and the meninges was found to be common with intervertebral disc herniation, and should not be interpreted as a specific sign of a mass lesion such as neoplasia.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Suran, Jantra Ngosuwan and Durham, Amy and Mai, Wilfried and Seiler, Gabriela S.}, year={2011}, pages={10–16} }
 @article{seiler_salmon_mantuo_feingold_dayton_gilger_2011, title={Effect and Distribution of Contrast Medium after Injection into the Anterior Suprachoroidal Space in Ex Vivo Eyes}, volume={52}, ISSN={1552-5783}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-7525}, DOI={10.1167/iovs.11-7525}, abstractNote={PURPOSE
To determine the effects and posterior distribution of injections made into the anterior suprachoroidal space (SCS).


METHODS
The anterior SCS of adult porcine and canine ex vivo eyes was cannulated. Latex injections and high frequency ultrasound (50 MHz) was used to image the effect and distension of the SCS. Flow characteristics and percentage maximal distribution of microbubble contrast injection into the SCS were assessed by 2D and 3D ultrasound.


RESULTS
Mean (SD) distension of the SCS with PBS increased from 1.57 (0.48) mm after injection of 250 μL to 3.28 (0.57) mm with 1000 μL PBS. Eyes injected at physiologic IOP had no significant difference in SCS distension. In real-time 2D ultrasound, the contrast agent flowed from the injection site to the opposite ventral anterior SCS and the posterior SCS. Contrast arrived at the opposite and posterior SCS 7.8 (4.6) and 7.7 (4.6) seconds after injection, respectively. In sagittal images, contrast was visible in 24.0%to 27.2% of the SCS; in 10 of 12 eyes, contrast reached the posterior pole of the eye. In 3D images, contrast medium occupied 39.0% to 52.1% of the entire SCS.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the SCS can expand, in a dose-dependent manner, to accommodate various volumes of fluid and that it is possible to image the SCS with ultrasound contrast. The authors' hypothesis that a single anterior SCS injection can reach the ocular posterior segment was supported. Further development of SCS injections for treatment of the ocular posterior segment is warranted.}, number={8}, journal={Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science}, publisher={Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Salmon, Jacklyn H. and Mantuo, Rebecca and Feingold, Steven and Dayton, Paul A. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={5730} }
 @article{seiler_robertson_mukundan_thrall_2011, title={IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PULSATILITY ARTIFACT IN THE CANINE CERVICAL SPINE}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01769.x}, abstractNote={Pulsatile venous flow in the internal vertebral venous plexus of the cervical spine can lead to vertical, linear T2‐hyperintensities in the spinal cord at the cranial aspect of C3 and C4 in transverse T2‐weighted images in large breed dogs that are not accompanied by ghosting. The artifact is more conspicuous in pre‐ and postcontrast transverse T1‐weighted images and is accompanied by ghosting in that sequence, typical of a pulsatility artifact. A flow‐related artifact was confirmed as the cause for this appearance by noting its absence after either exchange of phase and frequency encoding direction or by flow compensation. Care should be exercised to avoid misdiagnosing this pulsatility artifact seen in transverse T2‐weighted images of the midcervical spine in large dogs as an intramedullary lesion when T1‐images or phase‐swap images are not available to confirm its artifactual origin.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Robertson, Ian D. and Mukundan, Srinivasan and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={2011}, pages={313–316} }
 @article{kinns_aronson_hauptman_seiler_2010, title={CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND OF THE FELINE KIDNEY}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01646.x}, abstractNote={Contrast-enhanced ultrasound offers a noninvasive means of subjectively and quantitatively evaluating renal perfusion in cats with renal disease, or in renal transplant patients. In this study, we characterized the pattern of ultrasonographic contrast enhancement in 16 normal feline kidneys in eight cats using contrast-enhanced power Doppler and contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound techniques. Mean time to peak contrast enhancement for the whole kidney was longer using contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound (16.8s, SD 4.7s) than contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound (12.2s, SD 1.8s). The time to peak enhancement for the cortex alone in contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound was 13s (SD 3.2s), and for the renal medulla was 25.5s (SD 8.7s). The half time for washout of contrast agent was 39s (SD 14.5s) for contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound. The pattern of contrast enhancement in these normal feline kidneys can be used as normal reference values for the evaluation of clinical patients. Contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound may allow the differentiation between cortical and medullary perfusion patterns.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Kinns, Jennifer and Aronson, Lilian and Hauptman, Joe and Seiler, Gabriela}, year={2010}, pages={168–172} }
 @article{seiler_rhodes_cianciolo_casal_2010, title={ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN CAIRN TERRIERS WITH PRECLINICAL RENAL DYSPLASIA}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01674.x}, abstractNote={Renal dysplasia is a hereditary disease characterized by abnormal differentiation of renal tissue. The ultrasonographic appearance of dysplastic canine kidneys has been reported in the late stage of the disease where inflammatory and degenerative changes are already present and the dogs are in chronic renal failure. In this study, we describe the ultrasonographic appearance of the kidneys of five related Cairn Terriers affected with renal dysplasia before the onset of clinical or laboratory evidence of renal failure. Common findings included poor corticomedullary definition and multifocal hyperechoic speckles in the renal medulla, or a diffusely hyperechoic medulla. Severity of ultrasonographic changes was related to the severity of histopathologic findings. The ability to detect dysplastic changes before clinical signs develop makes ultrasound a potentially useful screening method for canine renal dysplasia.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Seiler, Gabriela S. and Rhodes, James and Cianciolo, Rachel and Casal, Margret L.}, year={2010}, pages={453–457} }