@article{glotfelty_alapaty_he_hawbecker_song_zhang_2019, title={The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (WRF-ACI): Development, Evaluation, and Initial Application}, volume={147}, ISSN={["1520-0493"]}, DOI={10.1175/MWR-D-18-0267.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Glotfelty, Timothy and Alapaty, Kiran and He, Jian and Hawbecker, Patrick and Song, Xiaoliang and Zhang, Guang}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={1491–1511} } @article{zhang_hummer_rasdorf_2010, title={Impact of Bead Density on Paint Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity}, volume={136}, ISSN={["1943-5436"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000142}, abstractNote={This paper addresses the impact of bead density on paint pavement marking retroreflectivity. The writers collected retroreflectivity data and glass bead images on 40 segments of two-lane highways. Bead density is defined as the surface percentage of glass beads exposed above the paint marking material. Numerous methods for determining bead density were considered and studied. A new approach, referred to as a computer-aided counting method, was developed and a bead density analysis program was written. The program was used to analyze 108 images to obtain a bead density value for each image. A correlation study was conducted between pavement marking retroreflectivity and bead density. The findings of the study show that the normal range of glass bead density for older markings is 9–24% of the paint marking surface area. Furthermore, bead density values have a positive correlation with marking retroreflectivity readings; higher bead density leads to higher retroreflectivity. White paint markings have significantly higher retroreflectivity values than do yellow markings when the bead density values are the same.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING}, author={Zhang, Guanghua and Hummer, Joseph E. and Rasdorf, William}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={773–781} } @article{rasdorf_zhang_hummer_2009, title={The Impact of Directionality on Paint Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1552-7549"]}, DOI={10.1177/1087724x08330824}, abstractNote={ This article addresses paint centerline pavement marking retroreflectivity. The authors collect yellow centerline retroreflectivity data on two-lane highways, taking measurements in two directions. A paired t test on the data shows that there are differences and they are statistically significant. A field study is initiated to investigate the relationship between the direction the marking is painted and the retroreflectivity direction. The key result of this study is that paint centerline retroreflectivity values measured in the direction of paint striping are significantly higher than values measured in the opposite direction. Findings indicate that it is the lower retroreflectivity values of yellow centerlines (measured in the opposite direction from paint striping) that should be used to compare with the newly proposed Federal Highway Administration minimum standard because the drivers in that direction experience lower marking retroreflectivity at night. The implications for safety, for policy making, and for transportation asset management are significant. }, number={3}, journal={PUBLIC WORKS MANAGEMENT & POLICY}, author={Rasdorf, William J. and Zhang, Guanghua and Hummer, Joseph E.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={265–277} }