@article{choi_sokale_frederick_kim_2024, title={Effects of increasing dose of a hybrid bacterial 6-phytase on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, release of free myoinositol, and retention of calcium and phosphorus, and growth performance of pigs}, volume={309}, ISSN={["1873-2216"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.115876}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing doses of a hybrid bacterial 6-phytase on apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of energy and nutrients, plasma level of free myoinositol, retention of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), and growth performance of growing pigs fed Ca and P deficient diets. A total of 15 barrows [21.5 ± 1.4 kg BW; Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] were allotted to a triplicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 dietary treatments and 5 periods per each square. Pigs were individually housed in a metabolism crate. Five dietary treatments consisted of 5 levels of phytase (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 FTU/kg) supplemented to a basal diet containing nutrients meeting the requirement except for Ca and P. The basal diet was deficient in total Ca and P by 2.2 and 1.7 g/kg below the recommendations from NRC, respectively. Data were analyzed using orthogonal polynomial contrasts using Proc MIXED of SAS and the optimal phytase levels were determined by a broken line analysis using Proc NLMIXED. Increasing phytase supplementation increased (linear: P < 0.01; quadratic: P < 0.01) CATTD of Ca and P and retention of Ca and P. Increasing phytase supplementation increased (linear: P < 0.05; quadratic: P < 0.05) myoinositol contents in plasma. Based on broken line analyses, CATTD of Ca and retention of Ca were increased until phytase supplementation were increased from 0 to 668 ± 65 FTU/kg (P < 0.01) and 0 to 668 ± 69 FTU/kg (P < 0.01), respectively. The CATTD of P and retention of P were increased until phytase supplementation contents were increased from 0 to 780 ± 86 FTU/kg (P < 0.01) and 0 to 773 ± 93 FTU/kg (P < 0.01), respectively. Myoinositol contents in plasma were increased (11.4 to 22.8 µmol/L) until phytase supplementation were increased from 0 to 705 ± 212 FTU/kg (P < 0.05). Increasing phytase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain and tended to linearly increase (P = 0.053) gain to feed ratio. In conclusion, supplementation of a hybrid bacterial 6-phytase improved CATTD of Ca and P, retention of Ca and P, complete hydrolysis of phytate, and growth performance of pigs compared with pigs fed a Ca and P deficient basal diet. Supplementation of a hybrid bacterial 6-phytase at a range of 650 to 800 FTU/kg feeds provided the optimal improvement of Ca, P, and phytate utilization.}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Choi, Hyunjun and Sokale, Adebayo and Frederick, Brent and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @misc{choi_kim_2023, title={Characterization of beta-Glucans from Cereal and Microbial Sources and Their Roles in Feeds for Intestinal Health and Growth of Nursery Pigs}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132236}, DOI={10.3390/ani13132236}, abstractNote={The objectives of this review are to investigate the quantitative, compositional, and structural differences of β-glucans and the functional effects of β-glucans on the intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. Banning antibiotic feed supplementation increased the research demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain the intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. It has been proposed that β-glucans improve the growth efficiency of nursery pigs through positive impacts on their intestinal health. However, based on their structure and source, their impacts can be extensively different. β-glucans are non-starch polysaccharides found in the cell walls of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), bacteria, fungi (Basidiomycota), and cereal grains (mainly barley and oats). The total β-glucan content from cereal grains is much greater than that of microbial β-glucans. Cereal β-glucans may interfere with the positive effects of microbial β-glucans on the intestinal health of nursery pigs. Due to their structural differences, cereal β-glucans also cause digesta viscosity, decreasing feed digestion, and decreasing nutrient absorption in the GIT of nursery pigs. Specifically, cereal β-glucans are based on linear glucose molecules linked by β-(1,3)- and β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds with relatively high water-soluble properties, whereas microbial β-glucans are largely linked with β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glycosidic bonds possessing insoluble properties. From the meta-analysis, the weight gain and feed intake of nursery pigs increased by 7.6% and 5.3%, respectively, through the use of yeast β-glucans (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and increased by 11.6% and 6.9%, respectively, through the use of bacterial β-glucans (from Agrobacterium sp.), whereas the use of cereal β-glucans did not show consistent responses. The optimal use of yeast β-glucans (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was 50 mg/kg in nursery pig diets based on a meta-analysis. Collectively, use of microbial β-glucans can improve the intestinal health of nursery pigs, enhancing immune conditions, whereas the benefits of cereal β-glucans on intestinal health were not consistent.}, number={13}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Choi, Hyunjun and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{choi_chen_longo_kim_2023, title={Comparative effects of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate in diets for nursery pigs on growth performance and acidification of digesta and urine}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad116}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad116}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Choi, Hyunjun and Chen, Ying and Longo, Flavio and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{choi_rocha_kim_2023, title={Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Myristic Acid on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.227}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Choi, Hyunjun and Rocha, Gabriel and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={187–187} }
 @article{choi_kim_2023, title={Effects of Increasing Dose of a Novel Hybrid Bacterial 6-Phytase on Apparent Total Tract Nutrient Digestibility, Release of Free Myoinositol, and Retention of Calcium and Phosphorus in Pigs}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.231}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Choi, Hyunjun and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={190–191} }