@article{kibbou_el bouhmadi_marrou_sinclair_ghanem_2022, title={Impact of drought and temperature constraints on development and growth of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1542-7536"]}, DOI={10.1080/15427528.2021.1906811}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important traditional pulse crop in many parts of Asia and the Mediterranean region. However, water deficit and temperature, two of the key variables associated with climate variability, can have major negative influences on the development and growth of faba bean. A series of experiments were conducted to study the potential impact of temperature and water deficit on several physiological processes among faba bean genotypes. Development of node number was determined to be dependent on temperature and was found to be essentially constant among genotypes with a value of 56°C accumulated temperature required for appearance of each node. Plant leaf area, which is important in crop carbon accumulation, was estimated by developing allometric relationships between plant leaf area and number of nodes. The coefficients of these relationships varied among genotypes. Water deficit was found to be critical in impacting plant transpiration and nitrogen fixation rates. The threshold for the decrease in transpiration rate with soil drying was found to range from a fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) from 0.22 to 0.60 among 12 genotypes, indicating a genetic resource for improving drought resilience. Results in comparing symbiotic nitrogen fixation on drying soil among genotypes also indicated genetic variation, with one genotype (WW4403/H) being especially drought tolerant. The results of these experiments identified important genotypic differences in sensitivity of specific physiological processes to temperature and water deficit, which can be exploited to improve faba bean resilience to these environmental variables.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF CROP IMPROVEMENT}, author={Kibbou, Fatimaezzhara and El Bouhmadi, Keltoum and Marrou, Helene and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Ghanem, Michel E.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={57–72} }
 @article{guiguitant_marrou_vile_sinclair_pradhan_ramirez_ghanem_2021, title={An exploration of the variability of physiological responses to soil drying in relation with C/N balance across three species of the under-utilized genus Vigna}, volume={172}, ISSN={["1399-3054"]}, DOI={10.1111/ppl.13224}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM}, author={Guiguitant, Julie and Marrou, Helene and Vile, Denis and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Pradhan, Deepti and Ramirez, Martha and Ghanem, Michel Edmond}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={477–486} }
 @article{kibbou_el bouhmadi_ghanem_marrou_sinclair_2021, title={Analysis for Improved Sowing Date for Winter Faba Bean in Morocco}, ISSN={["1735-8043"]}, DOI={10.1007/s42106-021-00162-4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION}, author={Kibbou, Fatimaezzhara and El Bouhmadi, Keltoum and Ghanem, Michel E. and Marrou, Helene and Sinclair, Thomas R.}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{marrou_ghanem_amri_maalouf_ben sadoun_kibbou_sinclair_2021, title={Restrictive irrigation improves yield and reduces risk for faba bean across the Middle East and North Africa: A modeling study}, volume={189}, ISSN={["1873-2267"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103068}, abstractNote={Faba bean is a crucial component of Mediterranean food systems. However, the crop is somewhat underrepresented in the major crop models and usage of these models requires substantial calibration with data that might not be available. The Simple Simulation Model (SSM) is a simple, non-calibrated and physiology-based model that has the advantage of having a reduced number of parameters that can all be measured or inferred from simple experiments. We aimed to parameterize and assess the capacity of the SSM to simulate faba bean phenology, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and final yield and to explore the impact of supplemental irrigation on crop production. Model simulations were compared to observations collected over 30 experimental situations in Morocco, Tunisia, and Lebanon. SSM was then used to explore water restrictive irrigation scenarios, allowing two irrigation events after flowering, with a total irrigation dose of 50 mm, in the Middle East and in North Africa (MENA). The prediction error on final total above ground dry matter was satisfactory and the dynamics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in plant organs matched the observations. This study showed that 50 mm irrigation can be sufficient to substantially improve faba bean production sustainability in MENA. In the driest areas (below 200 mm in-season rainfall), 50 mm irrigation could reduce the risk of low crops by up to 34% and increase yield sufficiently to meet average farm household needs. In more humid areas of the region, 50 mm irrigation could improve faba bean yield by up to 1 t/ha compared to an average yield of 3.5 t/ha. Simulation outputs showed that deficit irrigation could improve N soil balance and soil health in the mid- to long-term. The analysis of the simulation results can be used to advise farmers on best adapted irrigation dates without additional in situ measurement. This study revealed that non-calibrated models such as SSM can simulate yield and dry matter accumulation with a predictive capacity similar to calibrated tools making it suitable for addressing a known gap in irrigation management for Mediterranean food systems. In the MENA region, relative small amounts of irrigation (50 mm) can substantially reduce production risk, and so increase security for farmers, and improve faba bean productivity and sustainability.}, journal={AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS}, author={Marrou, Helene and Ghanem, Michel Edmond and Amri, Moez and Maalouf, Fouad and Ben Sadoun, Sarah and Kibbou, Fatimaezzhara and Sinclair, Thomas R.}, year={2021}, month={Apr} }
 @misc{edmond ghanem_marrou_sinclair_2015, title={Physiological phenotyping of plants for crop improvement}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1878-4372"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.006}, abstractNote={Future progress in crop breeding requires a new emphasis in plant physiological phenotyping for specific, well-defined traits. Success in physiological phenotyping to identify parents for use in breeding efforts for improved cultivars has been achieved by employing a multi-tier screening approach with different levels of sophistication and trait resolution. Subsequently, cultivar development required an integrated mix of classical breeding approaches and one or more tiers of phenotyping to identify genotypes expressing the desired trait. The role of high throughput systems can be useful; here, we emphasize that this approach is likely to offer useful results at an initial tier of phenotyping and will need to be complemented with more directed tiers of phenotyping.}, number={3}, journal={TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Edmond Ghanem, Michel and Marrou, Helene and Sinclair, Thomas R.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={139–144} }
 @article{ghanem_marrou_biradar_sinclair_2015, title={Production potential of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in East Africa}, volume={137}, ISSN={["1873-2267"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.agsy.2015.03.005}, abstractNote={Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) could possibly become a major crop in East Africa due to its many uses as a food and feed. Also, its ability to undertake symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an advantage over cereal crops. This study simulated lentil yield potential in order to determine the geographical areas in East Africa that offer potential for consistent lentil production. Results show that there is potential to further expand the geographical area in which lentil is currently grown in East Africa into Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and even Somalia. Response to a change in management practices on potential yield of lentil as a result of different sowing dates was also examined. In addition, the effect of phenology on yield potential was examined by comparing a short-season type vs. a long-season type. Delaying sowing alone or in combination with a long-season genotype can result in a high probability of crop yield increase in East Africa. For the long-season genotype, an optimum sowing window was found between June and July (152–229 day of year) for areas to the north of the Rift Valley. Later sowing dates (229–243 day of year) were found to be optimal in southern areas of East Africa. These simulations indicated that selection and breeding for lentil accessions in East Africa should consider changes in plant phenology and/or sowing dates.}, journal={AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS}, author={Ghanem, Michel Edmond and Marrou, Helene and Biradar, Chandrashekhar and Sinclair, Thomas R.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={24–38} }
 @article{marrou_sinclair_metral_2014, title={Assessment of irrigation scenarios to improve performances of Lingot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in southwest France}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1873-7331"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.eja.2014.05.006}, abstractNote={In the context of climate change, producing the same amount of food with less water has become a challenge all over the world. This is also true for the Lingot bean production in the area of Castelnaudary of southwest France where market competition with imported bean has made it crucial to achieve high yields to maintain production in the area. The use of an appropriate and robust crop model can help to identify crop management solutions to face such issues. We used SSM-legumes, a crop model generic to legume species, as well as field observations recorded over five years on eight farms of the Castelnaudary area to assess the effect of different irrigation scenarios on bean yield and water consumption. First, it was demonstrated that the SSM-legumes model is robust in simulating the development and growth of Lingot bean in non-stressed or moderately stressed conditions of this region regarding water and nutrient availability. Then, the use of the model to compare irrigation scenarios provided guidance on how to improve irrigation management for Lingot bean production. These results showed that farmers could achieve slightly higher yields with less water by basing irrigation decisions on the water content of the soil.}, journal={EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY}, author={Marrou, H. and Sinclair, T. R. and Metral, R.}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={22–28} }