@article{vrhel_trussell_2023, title={Determination and use of external color filter for improved camera colorimetry}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1560-229X"]}, DOI={10.1117/1.JEI.32.1.013022}, abstractNote={Abstract. Most digital cameras have spectral characteristics that make it impossible for the camera to provide accurate colorimetric information of a recorded scene. We extend previous work on using multiple filtered exposures by the use of a newly available capability of creating manufacturable filters using online software. Multiple criteria are considered in the determination of an optimal color filter on a training dataset. These criteria include the Vora-Value, figure of merit (FOM), training average ΔE, and training maximum ΔE. Our method includes the use of a realistic imaging noise model. We use two optimization methods: minimum mean square error (MMSE), which requires knowledge of the color sensitivities of the camera’s internal RGB filters and knowledge of the covariance matrices of the data ensemble and the noise, and a pseudoinverse method that uses only the recorded data and knowledge of the values of the training data. Filters were selected using the training data and the performance is measured on independent testing data. The results from both optimization methods show that filters chosen using the training ΔE criteria consistently outperformed the theoretical FOMs. It is also shown that the MMSE method is very sensitive to small perturbations of the internal filter sensitivities. Real camera images were recorded using the optimally determined filters from both methods. Measured errors provide confirmation of the simulated results.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING}, author={Vrhel, Michael and Trussell, H. Joel}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{vrhel_trussell_2022, title={Evaluation of Figures of Merit for Colorimetric Cameras}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1943-3522"]}, DOI={10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2022.66.5.050402}, abstractNote={We investigate the relationship between goodness measures of spectral sensitivities to actual ΔE performance in the presence of signal dependent noise. We show that the Vora value does not perform as well as Sharma’s figure of merit (FOM). In addition, we show that Sharma’s FOM has issues when the spectral samples include lower luminance data. We introduce an FOM that accounts for signal dependent noise and has a linear relationship to ΔE performance. The improvement introduced by including signal dependent noise in the FOM results in closer relationships of the FOM to colorimetric accuracy in all cases but is especially important when the ensemble under investigation has a wide range of luminance values.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF IMAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Vrhel, Michael and Trussell, H. Joel}, year={2022} }
 @article{trussell_shamey_2020, title={Accurate colorimetric images using LEDs}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1560-229X"]}, DOI={10.1117/1.JEI.29.4.043008}, abstractNote={Abstract. It is well known that more than three or four spectral measurements are required for accurate measurement of color under arbitrary illumination. Previous work has shown 6 to 10 measurements can yield accurate results on average, but with significant numbers of errors above the threshold of obvious visual detection. We demonstrate an imaging system (LED box) consisting of a monochrome camera, multiple LED illumination in a diffuse reflecting chamber that produces excellent color capture in perceptual quality measured in ΔE00. We evaluate this system with respect to practical applications with emphasis on textile quality assessment. Our system of 12 LEDs produces average and maximum training ΔE00 errors around 0.7 and 2.4, respectively; and average and maximum testing ΔE00 errors around 1.5 and 5.0, respectively. This performance exceeds that of reported colorimetric camera systems, except highly specialized configurations. We find that the stability of the system to LED variability under operating conditions is good. We show that pseudoinverse estimate produces better results than the MMSE estimate under actual operating conditions.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING}, author={Trussell, Henry J. and Shamey, Renzo}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{trussell_gumpertz_2020, title={Comparison of the Effectiveness of Online Homework With Handwritten Homework in Electrical and Computer Engineering Classes}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1557-9638"]}, DOI={10.1109/TE.2020.2971198}, abstractNote={Contribution: This article compares the predictive performance of the scores on WeBWorK homework (online) with those of standard handwritten homework. The comparison is done across six undergraduate electrical engineering classes where each of the nine instructors have used both homework modalities. Background: Online homework systems have been used for many years, but analysis of their effectiveness is mixed. Previous work has been limited to a small number of classes in a wide variety of disciplines. This article has a larger number of classes and instructors than previous studies. The classes cover many basic topic areas in electrical and computer engineering, so is directly applicable to the audience of these transactions. Research Question: What is the effect of online homework compared to traditional handwritten homework on the performance of the students on the final exams in selected ECE classes? Methodology: Mixed-effects analysis of variance models are used to determine the predictive ability of performance on homework of the two modalities on the performance on the final exams. The data are limited to classes where the instructors have taught the class using both modalities. These models incorporate the effect of modalities for each instructor and the effect of the modalities across all classes. Findings: The result is that there is no significant statistical difference in the two modalities to predict final exam scores. This indicates that the advantages of using the automated online system can be obtained with no detrimental effect on the students’ learning.}, number={3}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION}, author={Trussell, H. Joel and Gumpertz, Marcia L.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={209–215} }
 @article{adali_trussell_hansen_calhoun_2018, title={The Dangers of Following Trends in Research: Sparsity and Other Examples of Hammers in Search of Nails}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1558-2256"]}, DOI={10.1109/jproc.2018.2823428}, abstractNote={Trends, they are not only for the fashion industry after all. Within the engineering and computer science research communities as well, we periodically observe the phenomenon, see how certain methods suddenly start receiving particular attention, and sometimes, even though they emerge as an attractive solution for a given set of problems, they tend to become a hammer looking for new nails. At first, using a new method on old problems is the natural and reasonable way to proceed. There have been remarkable successes achieved through the adoption of a tool from another field or a new way of looking at old problems that brings new insights and solutions.}, number={6}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE}, author={Adali, Tuelay and Trussell, H. Joel and Hansen, Lars Kai and Calhoun, Vince D.}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={1014–1018} }
 @article{trussell_basu_2016, title={Rewards of Tutorials}, volume={104}, ISSN={["1558-2256"]}, DOI={10.1109/jproc.2016.2625000}, abstractNote={As noted on our webpage, the Proceedings of the IEEE specializes in surveys, reviews, and tutorials. The distinction between surveys and reviews is not always clear to readers and authors. Our working definition is that surveys discuss the current state of a subject and give an overview and summary of the published and ongoing work by researchers from all geographical regions and from all organizations contributing to the topic. Reviews contain more technical depth of the topics and usually discuss the technical background needed to understand and evaluate the contributions to the topics under investigation. Tutorials are teaching tools that present the background and current theory and methodologies of a topic. A tutorial is not about presenting new theory or methods, but may use current research as examples of applications of the techniques discussed. Currently, we publish many more surveys and reviews than tutorials.}, number={12}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE}, author={Trussell, H. Joel and Basu, Sankar}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={2262–2266} }
 @article{trussell_2015, title={Automating Analytical Homework}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1558-2256"]}, DOI={10.1109/jproc.2014.2374751}, abstractNote={Discusses the distinction between training and education and examines how current technologies and software programs have and will shape engineering education and the development of skills sets in the future.}, number={1}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE}, author={Trussell, H. J.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={2–7} }
 @article{trussell_baron_2015, title={Creating Analytic Online Homework for Digital Signal Processing [sp Education]}, volume={32}, ISSN={1053-5888}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2015.2438992}, DOI={10.1109/msp.2015.2438992}, abstractNote={An article by W.L. Everitt in the 1962 50th anniversary issue of Proceedings of the IEEE, "Engineering Education"-Circa 2012 A.D.," was one of many predictive articles that appeared in that issue [1]. One of Everitt's observations was the distinction between training and education. He then predicted that, in the future, training will be done primarily with computers, remarking, "Relieved of the necessity of spending most of their time on the training function, devoted teachers will be able to concentrate their efforts on 'education'."}, number={5}, journal={IEEE Signal Processing Magazine}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Trussell, H. Joel and Baron, Dror}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={112–118} }
 @article{xu_fu_ma_trussell_2015, title={International Education}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1558-2256"]}, DOI={10.1109/jproc.2015.2475435}, abstractNote={With the globalization of economy and liberalization of trade, the international education trade market is becoming an increasingly important part of international service trade. Education resources are distributed internationally, and exchanges and cooperation of education among different nations are becoming increasingly frequent. As a result, education in various countries interacts and competes with each other, which eventually promotes the globalized education.}, number={10}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE}, author={Xu, Yan and Fu, Haipeng and Ma, Jianguo and Trussell, Henry Joel}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={1691–1697} }
 @book{sergios theodoridis_trussell_2014, title={Image, video processing and analysis, hardware, audio, acoustic and speech processing}, ISBN={9780123965011}, publisher={Amsterdam: Academic Press}, year={2014} }
 @article{cao_trussell_shamey_2013, title={Comparison of the performance of inverse transformation methods from OSA-UCS to CIEXYZ}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1520-8532"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84882949094&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1364/josaa.30.001508}, abstractNote={The Optical Society of America's Uniform Color Scales (OSA-UCS) is one of the color spaces that most closely approximate a "true" uniform color space. Different techniques have been used to convert OSA-UCS-based color specification parameters, L, j, and g, to the CIE tristimulus values, X, Y, and Z. However, none of these methods provides a direct method of inverting OSA-UCS to CIEXYZ values. Thus, numerical algorithms, such as the Newton-Raphson method, have been employed to obtain the transformations. The relative low accuracy and long computation time of this method makes it undesirable for practical applications. An artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to convert OSA-UCS to CIEXYZ. Its performance was compared with that of numerical methods. After optimization, ANN gave a better performance with a mean error (ΔEXYZ) of 1.0×10(-4) and a conversion time of less than 1 s for 1891 samples.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION}, author={Cao, Renbo and Trussell, H. Joel and Shamey, Renzo}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={1508–1515} }
 @article{trusell_2012, title={Overview for Reflections and Reviews of Past Predictions}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0018-9219"]}, DOI={10.1109/jproc.2012.2190166}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE}, author={Trusell, H. Joel}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={1255–1260} }
 @inproceedings{trussell_zhang_2012, title={The dominance of poisson noise in color digital cameras}, booktitle={2012 IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP 2012)}, author={Trussell, H. J. and Zhang, R.}, year={2012}, pages={329–332} }
 @article{trussell_nanjappan_2010, title={ADAPTIVE SAMPLING FOR OUTPUT DEVICE CHARACTERIZATION}, ISSN={["1522-4880"]}, DOI={10.1109/icip.2010.5651556}, abstractNote={We develop a method of adaptive sampling for use with image output devices, e.g., displays and projectors, that can produce improved results over sampling the input space with a fixed rectangular grid in a multidimensional space. Fixed sampling requires knowledge of the function shape to be effective. Even then the sampling can be grossly inefficient in some regions and grossly undersampled in others. Our method produces a more efficient sampling over the whole gamut of the device output of oddly shaped gamuts, while producing good results for more usual functions. This increased efficiency is important, since measuring samples is the most time-consuming part of the characterization process.}, journal={2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Trussell, H. J. and Nanjappan, J.}, year={2010}, pages={537–540} }
 @article{zeng_trussell_2010, title={Constrained Dimensionality Reduction Using a Mixed-Norm Penalty Function with Neural Networks}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1558-2191"]}, DOI={10.1109/TKDE.2009.107}, abstractNote={Reducing the dimensionality of a classification problem produces a more computationally-efficient system. Since the dimensionality of a classification problem is equivalent to the number of neurons in the first hidden layer of a network, this work shows how to eliminate neurons on that layer and simplify the problem. In the cases where the dimensionality cannot be reduced without some degradation in classification performance, we formulate and solve a constrained optimization problem that allows a trade-off between dimensionality and performance. We introduce a novel penalty function and combine it with bilevel optimization to solve the constrained problem. The performance of our method on synthetic and applied problems is superior to other known penalty functions such as weight decay, weight elimination, and Hoyer's function. An example of dimensionality reduction for hyperspectral image classification demonstrates the practicality of the new method. Finally, we show how the method can be extended to multilayer and multiclass neural network problems.}, number={3}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING}, author={Zeng, Huiwen and Trussell, H. Joel}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={365–380} }
 @book{trussell_vrhel_2008, title={Fundamentals of digital imaging}, publisher={Cambridge ;|aNew York: Cambridge University Press}, author={Trussell, H.J. and Vrhel, M.J.}, year={2008} }
 @article{ayhan_trussell_chow_song_2008, title={On the use of a lower sampling rate for broken rotor bar detection with DTFT and AR-based spectrum methods}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1557-9948"]}, DOI={10.1109/TIE.2007.896522}, abstractNote={Broken rotor bars in an induction motor create asymmetries and result in abnormal amplitude of the sidebands around the fundamental supply frequency and its harmonics. Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) techniques are applied to inspect the spectrum amplitudes at the broken rotor bar specific frequencies for abnormality and to decide about broken rotor bar fault detection and diagnosis. In this paper, we have demonstrated with experimental results that the use of a lower sampling rate with a digital notch filter is feasible for MCSA in broken rotor bar detection with discrete-time Fourier transform and autoregressive-based spectrum methods. The use of the lower sampling rate does not affect the performance of the fault detection, while requiring much less computation and low cost in implementation, which would make it easier to implement in embedded systems for motor condition monitoring.}, number={3}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS}, author={Ayhan, Bulent and Trussell, H. Joel and Chow, Mo-Yuen and Song, Myung-Hyun}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={1421–1434} }
 @article{justice_trussell_olufsen_2006, title={Analysis of blood flow velocity and pressure signals using the multipulse method}, volume={3}, DOI={10.3934/mbe.2006.3.419}, abstractNote={This paper shows how the multipulse method from digital signal processing can be used to accurately synthesize signals obtained from blood pressure and blood flow velocity sensors during posture change from sitting to standing. The multipulse method can be used to analyze signals that are composed of pulses of varying amplitudes. One of the advantages of the multipulse method is that it is able to produce an accurate and efficient representation of the signals at high resolution. The signals are represented as a set of input impulses passed through an autoregressive (AR) filter. The parameters that define the AR filter can be used to distinguish different conditions. In addition, the AR coefficients can be transformed to tube radii associated with digital wave guides, as well as pole-zero representation. Analysis of the dynamics of the model parameters have potential to provide better insight and understanding of the underlying physiological control mechanisms. For example, our data indicate that the tube radii may be related to the diameter of the blood vessels.}, number={2}, journal={Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering}, author={Justice, D. H. and Trussell, H. J. and Olufsen, M. S.}, year={2006}, pages={419–440} }
 @misc{trussell_hartwig_2002, title={Mathematics for demosaicking}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1057-7149"]}, DOI={10.1109/tip.2002.999681}, abstractNote={Digital color cameras sample the continuous color spectrum using three or more filters; however, each pixel represents a sample of only one of the color bands. This arrangement is called a mosaic. To produce a full-resolution color image, the recorded image must be processed to estimate the values of the pixels for all the other color bands. This restoration process is often called demosaicking. This paper uses stacked notation to represent the mosaicked image capture and derives the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator for the demosaicked image. By making common assumptions, the restoration can be computed in a cost-effective manner. Extensions to the linear method are proposed to allow adaptive behavior.}, number={4}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Trussell, HJ and Hartwig, RE}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={485–492} }
 @article{vrhel_trussell_2002, title={Problems in publishing accurate color in IEEE journals}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1941-0042"]}, DOI={10.1109/TIP.2002.999671}, abstractNote={To demonstrate the performance of color image processing algorithms, it is desirable to be able to accurately display color images in archival publications. In poster presentations, the authors have substantial control of the printing process, although little control of the illumination. For journal publication, the authors must rely on professional intermediaries (printers) to accurately reproduce their results. Our previous work describes requirements for accurately rendering images using your own equipment. This paper discusses the problems of dealing with intermediaries and offers suggestions for improved communication and rendering.}, number={4}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Vrhel, MJ and Trussell, HJ}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={373–376} }
 @article{altunbasak_trussell_2001, title={Colorimetric restoration of digital images}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1057-7149"]}, DOI={10.1109/83.908505}, abstractNote={A colorimetric approach to restoration of digital images is presented. Assumptions are made to simplify the general problem to obtain a more computable form. Two methods are developed, using Karhunen-Loeve transformation and independent restoration schemes from earlier works, to solve the estimation problem in color image processing using multidimensional restoration. A comparison of the methods is presented including the effects of parameters of interest to desktop scanners and digital cameras. The results for the SNRs and blurs studied indicate that more than three color channels produces a slight numerical gain and modest visual gain.}, number={3}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Altunbasak, H and Trussell, HJ}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={393–402} }
 @article{ikiz_rust_jasper_trussell_2001, title={Fiber length measurement by image processing}, volume={71}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750107101009}, abstractNote={ To act as an alternative to existing systems, image-based fiber length measurements must yield precise results in a reasonable amount of processing time. To be used as a calibration device for current systems, the processing time becomes less important than accuracy and precision. Here, we report on the accuracy and precision of image processing applications compared with existing methods of HVI, AFIS, and hand measurements. Further, we propose preferred system parameters for these two possible applications of the technology. }, number={10}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Ikiz, Y and Rust, JP and Jasper, WJ and Trussell, HJ}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={905–910} }
 @inproceedings{rust_jasper_trussell_ikiz_2000, title={Dealing with fiber crossovers in fiber length measurements by image processing}, booktitle={Thirteenth annual Engineered Fiber Selection System Conference proceedings: April 17-19, 2000, Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, NC}, publisher={[Cary, N.C.]: Cotton Inc.}, author={Rust, J. and Jasper, W. and Trussell, H.J. and Ikiz, Y.}, year={2000} }
 @article{altug_trussell_chow_1999, title={A "mutual update" training algorithm for fuzzy adaptive logic control/decision network (FALCON)}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1045-9227"]}, DOI={10.1109/72.737508}, abstractNote={The conventional two-stage training algorithm of the fuzzy/neural architecture called FALCON may not provide accurate results for certain type of problems, due to the implicit assumption of independence that this training makes about parameters of the underlying fuzzy inference system. In this correspondence, a training scheme is proposed for this fuzzy/neural architecture, which is based on line search methods that have long been used in iterative optimization problems. This scheme involves synchronous update of the parameters of the architecture corresponding to input and output space partitions and rules defining the underlying mapping; the magnitude and direction of the update at each iteration is determined using the Armijo rule. In our motor fault detection study case, the mutual update algorithm arrived at the steady-state error of the conventional FALCON training algorithm as twice as fast and produced a lower steady-state error by an order of magnitude.}, number={1}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS}, author={Altug, S and Trussell, HJ and Chow, MY}, year={1999}, month={Jan}, pages={196–199} }
 @article{vrhel_trussell_1999, title={Color device calibration: A mathematical formulation}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1057-7149"]}, DOI={10.1109/83.806624}, abstractNote={The mathematical formulation of calibrating color image reproduction and recording devices is presented. This formulation provides a foundation for future research in areas of characterization of devices and display of color images. The importance of calibration is demonstrated by real examples. The procedure outlined in this paper should become standard for displaying color images for the image processing community.}, number={12}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Vrhel, MJ and Trussell, HJ}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={1796–1806} }
 @article{altug_chow_trussell_1999, title={Fuzzy inference systems implemented on neural architectures for motor fault detection and diagnosis}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0278-0046"]}, DOI={10.1109/41.807988}, abstractNote={Motor fault detection and diagnosis involves processing a large amount of information of the motor system. With the combined synergy of fuzzy logic and neural networks, a better understanding of the heuristics underlying the motor fault detection/diagnosis process and successful fault detection/diagnosis schemes can be achieved. This paper presents two neural fuzzy (NN/FZ) inference systems, namely, fuzzy adaptive learning control/decision network (FALCON) and adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), with applications to induction motor fault detection/diagnosis problems. The general specifications of the NN/FZ systems are discussed. In addition, the fault detection/diagnosis structures are analyzed and compared with regard to their learning algorithms, initial knowledge requirements, extracted knowledge types, domain partitioning, rule structuring and modifications. Simulated experimental results are presented in terms of motor fault detection accuracy and knowledge extraction feasibility. Results suggest new and promising research areas for using NN/FZ inference systems for incipient fault detection and diagnosis in induction motors.}, number={6}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS}, author={Altug, S and Chow, MY and Trussell, HJ}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={1069–1079} }
 @article{chow_altug_trussell_1999, title={Heuristic constraints enforcement for training of and knowledge extraction from a fuzzy/neural architecture - Part I: Foundation}, volume={7}, DOI={10.1109/91.755396}, abstractNote={Using fuzzy/neural architectures to extract heuristic information from systems has received increasing attention. A number of fuzzy/neural architectures and knowledge extraction methods have been proposed. Knowledge extraction from systems where the existing knowledge limited is a difficult task. One of the reasons is that there is no ideal rulebase, which can be used to validate the extracted rules. In most of the cases, using output error measures to validate extracted rules is not sufficient as extracted knowledge may not make heuristic sense, even if the output error may meet the specified criteria. The paper proposes a novel method for enforcing heuristic constraints on membership functions for rule extraction from a fuzzy/neural architecture. The proposed method not only ensures that the final membership functions conform to a priori heuristic knowledge, but also reduces the domain of search of the training and improves convergence speed. Although the method is described on a specific fuzzy/neural architecture, it is applicable to other realizations, including adaptive or static fuzzy inference systems. The foundations of the proposed method are given in Part I. The techniques for implementation and integration into the training are given in Part II, together with applications.}, number={2}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems}, author={Chow, M.-Y. and Altug, S. and Trussell, H. J.}, year={1999}, pages={143–150} }
 @article{altug_chow_trussell_1999, title={Heuristic constraints enforcement for training of and rule extraction from a fuzzy/neural architecture - Part II: Implementation and application}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1063-6706"]}, DOI={10.1109/91.755397}, abstractNote={For part I, see ibid., p.143-50. This paper is the second of two companion papers. The foundations of the proposed method of heuristic constraint enforcement on membership functions for knowledge extraction from a fuzzy/neural architecture was given in Part I. Part II develops methods for forming constraint sets using the constraints and techniques for finding acceptable solutions that conform to all available a priori information Moreover, methods of integration of enforcement methods into the training of the fuzzy-neural architecture are discussed. The proposed technique is illustrated on a fuzzy-AND classification problem and a motor fault detection problem. The results indicate that heuristic constraint enforcement on membership functions leads to extraction of heuristically acceptable membership functions in the input and output spaces. Although the method is described on a specific fuzzy/neural architecture, it is applicable to any realization of a fuzzy inference system, including adaptive and/or static fuzzy inference systems.}, number={2}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS}, author={Altug, S and Chow, MY and Trussell, HJ}, year={1999}, month={Apr}, pages={151–159} }
 @inbook{chow_lee_trussell_1999, title={Motor incipient fault detection using artificial neural}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-5305-2_12}, booktitle={Computer-aided maintenance: methodologies and practices (Manufacturing systems engineering series ; 5).}, publisher={Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic}, author={Chow, M.-Y. and Lee, Yuan-Shin and Trussell, H. J.}, editor={Lee, J. and Wang, B.Editors}, year={1999}, pages={263–280} }
 @article{trussell_1998, title={Applications of digital signal processing, fuzzy logic, and neural nets to computational color}, volume={30}, number={2}, journal={Textile Chemist and Colorist}, author={Trussell, H. J.}, year={1998}, pages={28–32} }
 @misc{sharma_vrhel_trussell_1998, title={Color imaging for multimedia}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1558-2256"]}, DOI={10.1109/5.687831}, abstractNote={To a significant degree, multimedia applications derive their effectiveness from the use of color graphics, images, and video. However, the requirements for accurate color reproduction and for the preservation of this information across display and print devices that have very different characteristics and may be geographically apart are often not clearly understood. This paper describes the basics of color science, color input and output devices, color management, and calibration that help in defining and meeting these requirements.}, number={6}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE}, author={Sharma, G and Vrhel, MJ and Trussell, HJ}, year={1998}, month={Jun}, pages={1088–1108} }
 @misc{sharma_trussell_vrhel_1998, title={Optimal nonnegative color scanning filters}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1057-7149"]}, DOI={10.1109/83.650859}, abstractNote={In this correspondence, the problem of designing color scanning filters for multi-illuminant color recording is considered. The filter transmittances are determined from a minimum-mean-squared orthogonal tristimulus error criterion that minimizes the color error in estimates obtained from noisy recorded data. Nonnegativity constraints essential for physical realizability are imposed on the filter transmittances. In order to demonstrate the significant improvements obtained, the resulting filters are compared with suboptimal filters reported in earlier literature.}, number={1}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Sharma, G and Trussell, HJ and Vrhel, MJ}, year={1998}, month={Jan}, pages={129–133} }
 @misc{sharma_trussell_1997, title={Digital color imaging}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1941-0042"]}, DOI={10.1109/83.597268}, abstractNote={This paper surveys current technology and research in the area of digital color imaging. In order to establish the background and lay down terminology, fundamental concepts of color perception and measurement are first presented using vector-space notation and terminology. Present-day color recording and reproduction systems are reviewed along with the common mathematical models used for representing these devices. Algorithms for processing color images for display and communication are surveyed, and a forecast of research trends is attempted. An extensive bibliography is provided.}, number={7}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Sharma, G and Trussell, HJ}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={901–932} }
 @article{trussell_allebach_fairchild_funt_wong_1997, title={Digital color imaging}, volume={6}, number={7}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Image Processing}, author={Trussell, H. J. and Allebach, J. and Fairchild, M. D. and Funt, B. and Wong, P. W.}, year={1997}, pages={897–900} }
 @article{sharma_trussell_1997, title={Figures of merit for color scanners}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1057-7149"]}, DOI={10.1109/83.597274}, abstractNote={In the design and evaluation of color scanners and cameras, it is useful to have a single figure of merit that closely agrees with perceived color accuracy. In the past, several measures of goodness for color scanning filters have been proposed to fulfil such a requirement. Most of the proposed measures have had shortcomings in that they are either based on error metrics in color spaces that are not perceptually uniform, or in that they do not take into account the effects of measurement noise. An extension of the most promising measure, based on linearized CIELAB space, is proposed to obtain a new figure of merit that has a high degree of perceptual relevance and also accounts for the varying noise performance of different filters. The paper also provides a common framework for the different figures of merit and a comprehensive comparison of their computational complexity and reliability.}, number={7}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Sharma, G and Trussell, HJ}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={990–1001} }
 @misc{sharma_trussell_1997, title={Set theoretic signal restoration using an error in variables criterion}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1057-7149"]}, DOI={10.1109/83.650122}, abstractNote={The restoration of a signal degraded by a stochastic impulse response is formulated as a problem with uncertainties in both the measurements and the impulse response. The method of total least squares, and variants thereof, are effective techniques for solving this class of problems. However, unlike set theoretic estimation schemes, these methods do not allow the incorporation of other a priori information in the estimate. In this correspondence, two new sets motivated by total least squares are introduced for set theoretic estimation. The convexity of these sets is established and the projection operators onto these sets are given. Through simulations, the advantages of the new technique over conventional and older set theoretic schemes for restoration are demonstrated.}, number={12}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING}, author={Sharma, G and Trussell, HJ}, year={1997}, month={Dec}, pages={1692–1697} }