@article{park_yoo_cho_park_cruz_kelley_park_2024, title={Exploring potential of cellulose acetate sulfate films for sustainable packaging: tuning characteristics via sulfate group variation}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-023-05713-8}, journal={CELLULOSE}, author={Park, Seonghyun and Yoo, Seunghyun and Cho, Seong-Min and Park, Hyeonji and Cruz, David and Kelley, Stephen S. and Park, Sunkyu}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{lan_cruz_li_boakye_park_tiller_mittal_johnson_park_yao_2024, title={Life-Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Derived from Paper Sludge}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2168-0485"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00795}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00795}, abstractNote={Converting waste paper sludge to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) offers a circular economy strategy to decarbonize the aviation sector. This study develops a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for converting high-ash paper sludge to SAF in the U.S. using a catalytic sugar upgrading system that consists of ash removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, dehydration, aldol condensation, and hydroprocessing. The LCA is coupled with a process simulation for an industrial-scale biorefinery based on experimental data. We quantified the carbon intensity as 35.7–41.8 gCO2eq MJ–1 SAF (−636 to −584 gCO2eq per dry kg paper sludge) with acetone as a solvent, renewable fuel, and biobased chemicals; this is further reduced to 5.1–11.1 gCO2eq MJ–1 (−925 to −873 gCO2eq per dry kg paper sludge) if ash is recycled and used for substituting cement. Converting 1 dry kg paper sludge to SAF with acetone, renewable fuel, and biobased chemicals (−925 to −584 gCO2eq) is more climate beneficial than landfilling without landfill gas recovery (791 gCO2eq) and with landfill gas recovery (−294 gCO2eq). More than 330 million gallons of SAF can be produced annually (>4 million dry t paper sludge/year in the U.S.), resulting in a reduction of 2–7 million tCO2eq.}, number={22}, journal={ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING}, author={Lan, Kai and Cruz, David and Li, Jinyue and Boakye, Amma Asantewaa Agyei and Park, Hyeonji and Tiller, Phoenix and Mittal, Ashutosh and Johnson, David K. and Park, Sunkyu and Yao, Yuan}, year={2024}, month={Apr}, pages={8379–8390} }
 @article{tiller_park_cruz_carrejo_johnson_mittal_venditti_park_2024, title={Techno-economic analysis of biomass value-added processing informed by pilot scale de-ashing of paper sludge feedstock}, volume={401}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130744}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130744}, abstractNote={Paper sludge biomass represents an underutilized feedstock rich in pulped and processed cellulose which is currently a waste stream with significant disposal cost to industry for landfilling services. Effective fractionation of the cellulose from paper sludge presents an opportunity to yield cellulose as feedstock for value-added processes. A novel approach to cellulose fractionation is the sidehill screening system, herein studied at the pilot-plant scale. Composition analysis determined ash removal and carbohydrate retention of both sidehill and high-performance benchtop screening systems. Sidehill screening resulted in greater carbohydrates retention relative to benchtop screening (90% vs 66%) and similar ash removal (95% vs 98%). Techno-economic analysis for production of sugar syrup yielded a minimum selling price of $331/metric ton of sugar syrup including disposal savings, significantly less than a commercial sugar syrup without fractionation. Sensitivity analysis showed that screening conditions played a significant role in economic feasibility for cellulosic yield and downstream processes.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Tiller, Phoenix and Park, Hyeonji and Cruz, David and Carrejo, Edgar and Johnson, David K. and Mittal, Ashutosh and Venditti, Richard and Park, Sunkyu}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{park_cruz_tiller_johnson_mittal_jameel_venditti_park_2022, title={Effect of ash in paper sludge on enzymatic hydrolysis}, volume={165}, ISSN={0961-9534}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106567}, DOI={10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106567}, abstractNote={The valorization of paper sludge is a high-potential process to develop renewable fuels and chemicals, which can be integrated with pulp and paper mills. Calcium carbonate is the main ash component in sludge, which plays a role in buffering pH and potentially lowering the conversion during enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of ash on sugar yields and examine pH change to introduce efficient and economical enzymatic hydrolysis of sludge. Carbohydrate conversion was enhanced when the ash was removed by fractionation. On the other hand, the highest sugar recovery was obtained when the sludge contained 20% ash content. The pH change during enzymatic hydrolysis was influenced by ash and explained why sludge-derived hydrolysate showed lower carbohydrate conversion. Therefore, a high shear process with the increased acid amount is suggested to prohibit the negative effect of ash and enhance the accessibility of cellulase to fibers. This study highlights the feasibility of using wet waste streams generated by the paper industry.}, journal={Biomass and Bioenergy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Park, Hyeonji and Cruz, David and Tiller, Phoenix and Johnson, David K. and Mittal, Ashutosh and Jameel, Hasan and Venditti, Richard and Park, Sunkyu}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={106567} }
 @misc{kropat_liao_park_salem_johnson_argyropoulos_2021, title={A Perspective of Lignin Processing and Utilization Technologies for Composites and Plastics with Emphasis on Technical and Market Trends}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1930-2126"]}, DOI={10.15376/biores.16.1.Kropat}, abstractNote={This effort is focused on work completed publicly and privately within academic research and industrial sectors on the utilization of lignin to produce thermosets, thermoplastics, foams, hydrogels, and rubbers. The size of the plastics market and the current and projected influence of lignin on it were evaluated. Further, an analysis of patent activity was employed to show the direction of and interest for lignin in these markets. The market trends documented in the literature, when coupled with detailed patent research, offer a new approach to evaluate potential markets and future directions. The analysis of the commercial market sizes of bioplastics and segmentation showed low penetration of actual lignin-based bioplastics. This exposed the contradiction between the abundance of technologies for lignin-based materials and their little practical use. In addition, this finding highlighted a severe gap between lignin research and development and the actual market.}, number={1}, journal={BIORESOURCES}, author={Kropat, Marcel and Liao, Mochen and Park, Hyeonji and Salem, Khandoker S. and Johnson, Shelly and Argyropoulos, Dimitris S.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={2084–2115} }