@article{rosenberg_weiner_shahariar_li_peavey_mills_losego_jur_2022, title={Design of a scalable, flexible, and durable thermoelectric cooling device for soft electronics using Kirigami cut patterns}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2058-8585"]}, DOI={10.1088/2058-8585/ac48a0}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS}, author={Rosenberg, Z. B. and Weiner, N. C. and Shahariar, H. and Li, B. M. and Peavey, J. L. and Mills, A. C. and Losego, M. D. and Jur, J. S.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{fink_sayem_teay_ahmad_shahariar_albarbar_2021, title={Development and wearer trial of ECG-garment with textile-based dry electrodes}, volume={328}, ISSN={["1873-3069"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.sna.2021.112784}, abstractNote={This paper presents the design and development process of ECG (electrocardiogram) garments using different textile-based dry electrodes and assesses their performance through wearer trials. To comply with the design criteria identified for such garments, sequences of sketches with modified design features, physical prototyping and trial with industry grade mannequin were first implemented before finalising a prototype design with three different fabrics for chest, front and back panels. ECG electrodes were configured on the chest panel individually with following two different conductive textile materials - single jersey knitted fabric and embroidery thread – to construct two different prototypes, which were wearer-trialled with a human participant. Results show that the embroidered electrodes performed better than the knitted electrodes in ECG detection in still and active conditions within the same design and construct of garment.}, journal={SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL}, author={Fink, Paula Luise and Sayem, Abu Sadat Muhammad and Teay, Siew Hon and Ahmad, Faisal and Shahariar, Hasan and Albarbar, Alhussein}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{martinez_mao_vital_shahariar_werner_jur_bhardwaj_2020, title={Compact, Low-Profile and Robust Textile Antennas With Improved Bandwidth for Easy Garment Integration}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2169-3536"]}, DOI={10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2989260}, abstractNote={In this paper, a compact and low-profile proximity-fed textile-based antenna with robust performance and improved bandwidth is proposed for body-area network (BAN) applications. The employed proximity-fed antenna differs from traditional wearable antennas in the sense that it not only exhibits improved bandwidth but also a reduced footprint. The proposed antenna also possesses an extreme robustness when subject to structural deformation and human body loading effects. In addition, the impact of the uncertainty in the dielectric constant (a characteristic associated with most textile material systems) is investigated for the first time. Experimental results show that the proposed proximity-fed antenna outperforms wearable antennas that employ more conventional feeding methodologies. The antenna was fabricated using two different flexible textile-based material systems (i.e., one printed and one embroidered). The advantages and disadvantages of each fabrication approach are discussed. The proposed antenna is characterized in free-space and on a human body, yielding robust performance in both cases.}, journal={IEEE ACCESS}, author={Martinez, Idellyse and Mao, Chun-Xu and Vital, Dieff and Shahariar, Hasan and Werner, Douglas H. and Jur, Jesse S. and Bhardwaj, Shubhendu}, year={2020}, pages={77490–77500} }
 @article{shahariar_kim_bhakta_jur_2020, title={Direct-write printing process of conductive paste on fiber bulks for wearable textile heaters}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1361-665X"]}, DOI={10.1088/1361-665X/ab8c25}, abstractNote={In the printing of electronic materials for electronic textiles (e-textiles), reliability and durability of devices are of critical importance. A unique capability of a direct-write (DW) printing process is introduced that takes advantage of ink penetration in fiber bulks, owed in part to the capillary action phenomena of conductive inks on the textile. As a result of the penetration, the durability of the printed patterns improved in deformability and washability. To understand this phenomenon, the ink-to-substrate interaction of the Ag-based conductive ink on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) films, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven textiles, and nylon-PET nonwoven (Evolon®) textiles are studied. Substrate properties such as surface roughness and porosity show a significant impact on the flow properties of the ink. The penetration of the conductive ink into the fiber bulk created a unique fiber-ink composite structure that is structurally more stable under mechanical deformation. Due to the high porosity and penetration to the cross-sectional direction, the patterns on the PET nonwoven textiles showed less ink spreading on the surface and higher resistance compared to a densely structured Evolon® textiles. The printed patterns were demonstrated as wearable textile heaters and showed reliable performance during mechanical deformation, wash, and cyclic heating tests. Finally, a printed heater wrap was demonstrated on the human body to explain a use case scenario for the DW process for wearable electronics.}, number={8}, journal={SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}, author={Shahariar, Hasan and Kim, Inhwan and Bhakta, Raj and Jur, Jesse S.}, year={2020}, month={Aug} }
 @misc{sayem_teay_shahariar_fink_albarbar_2020, title={Review on Smart Electro-Clothing Systems (SeCSs)}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1424-8220"]}, DOI={10.3390/s20030587}, abstractNote={This review paper presents an overview of the smart electro-clothing systems (SeCSs) targeted at health monitoring, sports benefits, fitness tracking, and social activities. Technical features of the available SeCSs, covering both textile and electronic components, are thoroughly discussed and their applications in the industry and research purposes are highlighted. In addition, it also presents the developments in the associated areas of wearable sensor systems and textile-based dry sensors. As became evident during the literature research, such a review on SeCSs covering all relevant issues has not been presented before. This paper will be particularly helpful for new generation researchers who are and will be investigating the design, development, function, and comforts of the sensor integrated clothing materials.}, number={3}, journal={SENSORS}, author={Sayem, Abu Sadat Muhammad and Teay, Siew Hon and Shahariar, Hasan and Fink, Paula Luise and Albarbar, Alhussein}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{shahariar_kim_soewardiman_jur_2019, title={Inkjet Printing of Reactive Silver Ink on Textiles}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.8b18231}, abstractNote={Inkjet printing of functional inks on textiles to embed passive electronics devices and sensors is a novel approach in the space of wearable electronic textiles. However, achieving functionality such as conductivity by inkjet printing on textiles is challenged by the porosity and surface roughness of textiles. Nanoparticle-based conductive inks frequently cause blockage/clogging of inkjet printer nozzles, making it a less than ideal method for applying these functional materials. It is also very challenging to create a conformal conductive coating and achieve electrically conductive percolation with the inkjet printing of metal nanoparticle inks on rough and porous textile and paper substrates. Herein, a novel reliable and conformal inkjet printing process is demonstrated for printing particle-free reactive silver ink on uncoated polyester textile knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics. The particle-free functional ink can conformally coat individual fibers to create a conductive network within the textile structure without changing the feel, texture, durability, and mechanical behavior of the textile. It was found that the conductivity and the resolution of the inkjet-printed tracks are directly related with the packing and the tightness of fabric structures and fiber sizes of the fabrics. It is noteworthy that the electrical conductivity of the inkjet-printed conductive coating on pristine polyethylene terephthalate fibers is improved by an order of magnitude by in situ heat-curing of the textile surface during printing as the in situ heat-curing process minimizes the wicking of the ink into the textile structures. A minimum sheet resistance of 0.2 ± 0.025 and 0.9 ± 0.02 Ω/□ on polyester woven and polyester knit fabrics is achieved, respectively. These findings aim to advance E-textile product design through integration of inkjet printing as a low-cost, scalable, and automated manufacturing process.}, number={6}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Shahariar, Hasan and Kim, Inhwan and Soewardiman, Henry and Jur, Jesse S.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={6208–6216} }
 @article{kim_shahariar_ingram_zhou_jur_2019, title={Inkjet Process for Conductive Patterning on Textiles: Maintaining Inherent Stretchability and Breathability in Knit Structures}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1616-3028"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201807573}, DOI={10.1002/adfm.201807573}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kim, Inhwan and Shahariar, Hasan and Ingram, Wade F. and Zhou, Ying and Jur, Jesse S.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
 @article{shahariar_jur_2018, title={Correlation of printing faults with the RF characteristics of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) printed on nonwoven textiles}, volume={273}, ISSN={["0924-4247"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.sna.2018.02.043}, abstractNote={Printing high-resolution microwave passive devices directly on textile surfaces presents many challenges due to the high surface roughness and porosity of textile materials. This paper explains in detail physical and electromagnetic characterization of screen-printed coplanar waveguides (CPWs) on nonwoven textiles with a surface roughness of approximately ∼18 μm. Three different screen mesh counts (mesh opening unit) are used to screen print CPWs with five different resolutions. A screen printable silver paste is used as a conductive ink during the screen printing process. The difference in screen mesh counts affects the line resolution, thickness, conformity, and overall power transferring capacity of printed CPWs. A print resolution of 220 μm as the gap between the parallel lines of CPWs is achieved in this work without any surface modification of textile media. The surface roughness of the printed silver track is very similar to the base fabric (18 μm) when the screen with 305 mesh-count is selected for printing. Additionally, the thickness of the ink on the fabric is most conformal and lowest (23.4 μm) for the similar selection of screen mesh count. Fabricated CPWs are characterized for signals from 0.5 GHz to 10 GHz and compared to electromagnetic 3D simulation results. This paper also identifies minute printing faults in the 3D structure of the printed CPWs and correlates that with the scattering parameters of the transmission lines. Simulated and experimental data prove that a well-designed and process optimized printed nonwoven-based CPW works well (i.e. below 3 dB of insertion loss) for frequencies ranging from 0.5 GHz to 7 GHz.}, journal={SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL}, author={Shahariar, Hasan and Jur, Jesse S.}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={240–248} }
 @inproceedings{shahariar_soewardiman_jur_2017, title={Fabrication and packaging of flexible and breathable patch antennas on textiles}, DOI={10.1109/secon.2017.7925306}, abstractNote={Textile antennas are prone to damage and change their shape and RF (radio frequency) characteristics over time. However, typical hydrophobic coatings or encapsulation layers, such as polyurethane, acrylate, or films, make textile antennas rigid and air impermeable. This work details the approach of using a polyurethane web as an encapsulation and lamination layer for screen-printed microstrip patch antennas on textile fabrics. Integrating the polyurethane web into the textile antennas makes the printed antennas flexible, air permeable, and durable. Further improvements are made by introducing a novel porous patch antenna design to enhance the flexibility and air-permeability for printed antennas. Antennas were designed and modeled using the ANSYS HFSS simulation software and compared with fabricated experimental results. Results show the fully packaged printed antenna have good impedance matching even under different bent conditions. The antennas were also analyzed before and after rinsing with heavy flow of water for 2 minutes to determine the effect of wetting.}, booktitle={Southeastcon 2017}, author={Shahariar, H. and Soewardiman, H. and Jur, J. S.}, year={2017} }